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Pittsburgh Cold Study 3 2007-2011 Sheldon Cohen, Phd Carnegie

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Pittsburgh Cold Study 3 2007-2011 Sheldon Cohen, Phd Carnegie Pittsburgh Cold Study 3 2007-2011 Sheldon Cohen, PhD Carnegie Mellon University Code Book Introduction ……………………………. iv How to Use this Document ……………………………. v PCS3 Variables Assessment of Infection and Colds Infection and Objective Colds ……………………………. 1 Self-Reported Cold Symptoms ……………………………. 3 Flu-Related Symptoms ……………………………. 4 Cold/Flu Complications ……………………………. 5 General Illness Symptoms in Quarantine ……………………………. 6 Computed Variables ……………………………. 6 Biological Pathways Anthropomorphics ……………………………. 12 Telomere Length Data ……………………………. 12 Gross Nasal Pathology ……………………………. 15 Middle Ear Pressure ……………………………. 16 Genotyping ……………………………. 18 Local (Nasal) Cytokine Production ……………………………. 18 Latent Virus Infection ……………………………. 23 Resting Biological Measures ……………………………. 23 Hair Cortisol Data ……………………………. 29 Salivary Cortisol Data ……………………………. 31 Urine F2-Isoprostanes ……………………………. 43 Complete Blood Count & Blood Chemistry ……………………………. 43 Stress Reactivity Pre-Protocol Resting Cardiovascular Measures ……………………………. 46 Cardiovascular Reactivity ……………………………. 47 Salivary Cortisol Reactivity ……………………………. 62 Heart Rate Variability ……………………………. 65 Psychological Reactivity ……………………………. 80 i Demographics ……………………………. 91 Health Practices Smoking ……………………………. 95 Alcohol Consumption ……………………………. 95 Physical Activity – Self-Report ……………………………. 96 Physical Activity – Pedometry ……………………………. 96 Sleep – Self-Report ……………………………. 96 Sleep – Actigraphy ……………………………. 98 Breakfast ……………………………. 98 Childhood Experiences Childhood Experiences Interview ……………………………. 100 Family Environment Scale (FES) ……………………………. 109 Parental Bonding Instrument (PBI) ……………………………. 110 Parental Social Participation (PSP) ……………………………. 111 Risky Families Questionnaire (RFQ) ……………………………. 112 Recalled Childhood/Adolescence Perceived Stress (ReCAPS) ……………………………. 113 Places You've Lived Interview (PLI) ……………………………. 113 Childhood Subjective SES ……………………………. 115 Psychological & Social Measures Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS) ……………………………. 118 Trait Adjective Questionnaire (TAQ) ……………………………. 120 Trait Affect Scale (TAS) ……………………………. 122 Clark Marital Intimacy Scale ……………………………. 123 IPIP – Big 5 Personality Characteristics ……………………………. 124 Optimism ……………………………. 128 Opener Scale ……………………………. 129 Communal Orientation ……………………………. 129 Cook-Medley Hostility Scale ……………………………. 130 Shyness ……………………………. 131 Experiences in Close Relationships (ECR) ……………………………. 132 Tucker Social Control Scale (TSC) ……………………………. 132 Interpersonal Support Evaluation List (ISEL) ……………………………. 133 Interpersonal Support Evaluation List, Giving Support (GS-ISEL) ……………………………. 133 Negative Aspects of Relationships ……………………………. 134 ii Psychological & Social Measures - continued Social Convoy ……………………………. 134 Social Network Index (SNI) ……………………………. 135 Social Participation ……………………………. 137 Perceived Community ……………………………. 138 Loneliness ……………………………. 139 Life Events List ……………………………. 139 Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) ……………………………. 147 Ryff Scales of Psychological Well-Being ……………………………. 148 Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ) ……………………………. 150 Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20) ……………………………. 151 Self-Reported Health ……………………………. 155 Trial Data ……………………………. 156 Additional Data Collected in Quarantine Affect in Quarantine ……………………………. 157 Health Behaviors in Quarantine ……………………………. 163 Aggregated Daily Interview Data Descriptive Variables ……………………………. 166 Average Daily Affect ……………………………. 166 Average/Total Daily Health Behviors ……………………………. 167 Average/Total Daily Activities ……………………………. 168 Aggregated Social Interactions ……………………………. 168 Average/Total Daily Symptoms ……………………………. 169 iii Return to ToC Introduction Pittsburgh Cold Study 3 (PCS3) was a prospective viral challenge study with data collected from 2007- 2011 among healthy volunteers ages 18-55 (mean 30.1; SD 10.9). This study extended work on the role of childhood environment in common cold susceptibility by including additional retrospective measures of childhood and adolescent experience, such as parental social participation, parental bonding, family structure and relationships, neighborhood physical and social environments, and childhood physical health. Numerous other social, psychological and behavioral measures were administered during the pre-challenge baseline period as well, including assessments of current social relationships, personal attributes, stressful life events, personality characteristics, and health practices. PCS3 also included detailed daily interviews (14 days) with participants to assess health behaviors, mood, and daily social interactions. One of the novel features of PCS3 is that it introduced several additional biological assessments prior to viral challenge, including markers of biological aging (e.g., telomere length in lymphocytes, oxidative stress), cardiovascular and cortisol reactivity to acute laboratory stress, and cytokine and glucocorticoid and adrenergic receptor genotypes. Post-challenge measures, in addition to standard virology, included local (nasal secretions) cytokines (interleukin [IL]- 1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IFN-α, and TNF-α). Participants were 123 men and 90 women from the Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania metropolitan area who responded to newspaper advertisements and were judged to be in good health after a medical examination. Prior to enrollment, volunteers completed a telephone screening interview followed by an in-person physical health evaluation conducted by a study physician. To maximize the rate of infection, only eligible volunteers with viral-specific antibody titers ≤4 were included in the study. After completing baseline psychosocial questionnaires and biological assessments (e.g., biological aging markers, saliva cortisol), participants were administered nasal drops containing rhinovirus 39 (RV39). They were then followed in quarantine for 5 days and monitored for development of infection and objective signs of illness (see viral challenge timeline below). Approximately 28 days after virus exposure, blood was collected for serological testing. Participants were considered to have a cold if they were both infected with the challenge virus and met illness criteria. All individuals who completed the study received $1,000 for their participation, plus an additional $60 if they provided hair samples for cortisol analysis. iv Return to ToC How to Use this Document The present document is divided into eight sections, with each representing a category of variable. These are the same categories that appear on the Common Cold Study website. To find descriptive information for a given set of variables, move your cursor over the page number corresponding to the variable category of interest, and click when the pointer appears. Doing so will bring you to a table that includes the following information for all variables comprising that category: • Variable name (or Var Name) • Variable label • Value labels (or Values) • Formula Identical information is included in the SPSS data files, when opened to variable view. With limited exception, most variables are numeric. String variables can be identified by the suffix “_str” which appears at the end of the variable name. With the exception of some of the Childhood Experience variables, all missing data are represented by empty cells. Missing childhood data are represented by 3-digit codes (i.e., 777, 888, 999) where indicated. Value labels are provided for categorical and dichotomous variables. Variables with labeled values are indicated by blue shading of the cells in the Value Labels column, with the values themselves appearing in a separate table. The table can be accessed by clicking on the value label code corresponding to the variable of interest. Formulas are provided for created variables. All variables were created in SPSS, thus any function terms appearing in the formula are consistent with SPSS analysis language. Most functions are self- explanatory, but the following information may be helpful for individuals who are unfamiliar with SPSS. Function Term Explanation mean.x Used when an average of several variables is being computed, but only X (where X is less than the total number of variables included in the computation) need be non-missing. sum.x Same as above, but with component variables being summed rather than averaged. count Used to count the number of time a specified value appears within a set of variables. The value to be counted is identified in parenthesis at the end of the list of variables. The value can be eigher a single number (1) or a range (1 thru highest). lt, le, gt, ge Less than; less than or equal to; greater than; greater than or equal to datediff Used to compute the temporal difference between two date or time variables. Arguments are listed in parenthesis, with the earlier of the two times appearing first; desired time increment (hours, months, days, etc.) is listed after the arguments. $sysmis System missing value If a formula for a given variable includes reference to another variable from another category, a link is provided, which can be accessed by clicking on the indicated variable. It is important to note that the formulas appearing in the tables may not reflect the exact SPSS syntax that was used to generate the variables. Some shorthand is used for efficiency of presentation. v Return to ToC INFECTION AND COLDS VARIABLE NAME VARIABLE LABEL VALUES FORMULA subj_id subject ID study.id Cold Study ID STUDYID INFCOLD ****ASSESSMENT OF INFECTION & COLDS DATA**** screen_ab screening viral-specific Ab titer AB1 pre_ab pre-challenge
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