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FM 17-20: Armored Infantry Units Platoon Company and Battalion

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FM 17-20: Armored Infantry Units Platoon Company and Battalion MH I DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY FIELD MANUAL ARMORED INFANTRY UNITS PLATOON, COMPANY AND BATTALION HEADQUARTERS, DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY AUGUST 1957 *FM 17-20 FIELD MANUAL) HEADQUARTERS, DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY No. 17-20 ) WASHINGTON 25, D. C., 26 August 1957 ARMORED INFANTRY UNITS-PLATOON, COMPANY, AND BATTALION Paragraphs Page CHAPTER 1. GENERAL Section I. General ....................................... 1-5 2 II. Organization, armored infantry battalion ........ 6-22 5 III. Communication, armored infantry battalion ..... 23-30 17 CHAPTER 2. COMBAT OPERATIONS, GENERAL Section I. Organization for combat ........................ 31-37 25 II. Combat formations ............................ 38-42 29 III. Utilization of firepower ......................... 43-48 36 IV. Security operations ............................ 49-57 41 CHAPTER 3. OFFENSIVE OPERATIONS Section I. General ....................................... 58-64 45 II. Preparation for the attack ...................... 65-83 48 III. Employment of the armored personnel carrier in attack ....................................... 84-86 56 IV. Conduct of the attack .......................... 87-135 58 V. Additional considerations in offensive action ..... 136 89 CHAPTER 4. DEFENSIVE OPERATIONS Section I. General ....................................... 137-140 90 II. Organization of the defense..................... 141-154 91 III. Mobile defense ................................ 155-163 102 IV. Position defense ............................... 164-180 108 V. Perimeter defense .............................. 181,182 120 VI. 81-mm mortar platoon in the defense............ 183-190 121 VII. Additional considerations in defense ............. 191 125 CHAPTER 5. RETROGRADE MOVEMENTS Section I. General ....................................... 192,193 127 II. Delaying action ............................... 194-205 127 III. Withdrawal from action ........................ 206-208 135 APPENDIX I. REFERENCES ............................... ...... 137 II. DISMOUNTED COMBAT FORMATIONS, CREW DRILL, AND BATTLE DRILL ........... 138 INDEX .................................................. ...... 170 * This manual supersedes FM 7-17, 23 March 1951, including C 1, 12 September 1952. TAGO 1338-B, Aug. 1 CHAPTER 1 GENERAL Section I. GENERAL 1. Purpose and Scope a. This manual covers detailed doctrine, tactics, techniques, proce- dures, and organization of armored infantry units-platoon, company, and battalion-acting either with or without reinforcements. b. The procedures described in this manual are intended to be used as guides and should not be considered inflexible. Each new situation in combat must be solved by an intelligent interpretation and applica- tion of the doctrine set forth herein, and not by blind adherence to any set of rules. c. This manual must be used in conjunction with FM 17-1, Armor Operations, Small Units. General information contained in FM 17-1 is repeated in this manual only where necessary to insure clarity and under- standing. Although this manual deals primarily with armored infantry units, it emphasizes the fact that armored infantry normally operates in close coordination with other arms, and that success in battle is certain only when all arms and services work together. d. While the employment of other types of units, such as tanks, artillery, engineers, and Army aircraft, is mentioned in this manual, FM 17-1, and manuals of the 5-, 6-, 17-, and 20-series, should be con- sulted for the basic and detailed tactics and techniques of these units. This also applies in the field of logistics and communication. In addi- tion to FM 17-1, armor series manuals which supplement this manual are as follows: FM 17-100 The Armored Division. FM 17-33 Tank Battalion. FM 17-35 Reconnaissance Battalion Armored Division. FM 17-50 Logistics Armored Division. FM 17-70 Signal Communication in the Armored Division. e. Discussions in this manual of organizations and equipment are based on TOE of the 7- and 17-series. 2 TAGO 1338-B, Aug. f. Unless otherwise specified, the material presented herein is appli- cable without modification to both atomic and nonatomic warfare. Para- graphs 15 through 18 and 183 through 189, FM 17-1 provide additional atomic considerations. 2. The Role of Armored Infantry Armored infantry is the infantry striking force of armor. It engages in offensive, defensive, and retrograde actions, with or without tanks. It is capable of providing infantry support for tank units in all types of actions. Armored infantry units are employed most frequently either with tank units attached or attached to tank units. The armored infantry battalion is both an administrative and a tactical unit, with self-con- tained facilities for administrative, supply, evacuation, and maintenance activities sufficient for limited periods of combat. Its continued opera- ton depends on adequate and timely logistical support. 3. Mission of Armored Infantry The armored infantry has the mission of assisting in the successful advance of tanks through mounted or dismounted action. To accomplish this mission, the armored infantry closes with and destroys or captures the enemy by fire, maneuver, and shock action. 4. Capabilities of the Armored Infantry Battalion The armored infantry battalion has the following capabilities: a. Provides armored infantry support for division tank units. b. Conducts offensive and defensive operations with or without the support of tanks units. c. Possesses high cross-country mobility with light armor protection and multiple means of communication. d. Traverses unfordable water obstacles while mounted. e. Rapidly exploits the effects of atomic weapons. f. Dismounted armored infantry elements may be helicopter lifted to positions beyond an obstacle so as to outflank and seize enemy defensive positions and key terrain features. See FM 17-1. 5. Legend for this Manual Figure 1 gives the symbols most frequently used in illustrating this manual. TAGO 1338-B, Aug. 3 LEGEND t~ ~ TANK PRIMARY POSITION LIEgARMORED PERSONNEL CARRIER ENEMY TANK POSITION ENEMY SELF-PROPELLED ANTITANK GUN ~t TOWED ANTITANK GUN IN POSITION TYPICAL TANK NOTE: ILLUSTRATIONS OF VEHICLES AND EQUIPMENT OTHER THAN PHOTOGRAPHS IN THIS MANUAL ARE ARTISTS DRAWINGS AND ARE NOT INTENDED TO INDICATE FUTURE DESIGN Figure 1. Symbols used inin manual.manual 4 TAGO 1338-B, Aug. Section II. ORGANIZATION, ARMORED INFANTRY BATTALION 6. General The armored infantry battalion consists of a headquarters and head- quarters company and four rifle companies (fig. 2). There are four armored infantry battalions in the armored division. 7. Headquarters and Headquarters Company a. Organization. The headquarters and headquarters company of the armored infantry battalion consists of a battalion headquarters and a headquarters company. The battalion headquarters contains the bat- talion commander and his staff. The headquarters company has a com- pany headquarters, a battalion headquarters section, a battalion scout platoon, a battalion 4.2-inch mortar platoon, a battalion communication platoon, a battalion support platoon, a battalion maintenance platoon, a battalion personnel section, and a battalion medical section (fig. 3). b. Mission. The mission of the headquarters and headquarters com- pany is to provide command, reconnaissance, motar support, communica- tion support, administration, supply, medical support, transportation, and maintenance support for the battalion. 8. Battalion Headquarters The battalion headquarters contains the necessary personnel to com- mand and control the battalion. These are the battalion commander, executive officer, adjutant (S1), intelligence officer (S2), operations officer (S3), S3 air, logistics officer (S4), surgeon, chaplain, communica- tion officer, maintenance officer, and sergeant major. For duties and responsibilities of the battalion commander and his staff, see paragraphs 68 through 88, FM 17-1. 9. Headquarters Company Headquarters The company headquarters of headquarters company is organized to provide administrative, supply, maintenance, and mess facilities for the company and for battalion headquarters personnel. It consists of a company headquarters section; an administrative, mess, and supply section; and a maintenance section. a. Company Headquarters Section. The company headquarters sec- tion includes the company commander, the first sergeant, and a driver. The company commander may be designated as battalion headquarters commandant. As such, he is responsible for operations pertaining to the internal arrangement of the command post, its movement under direction of the executive officer, and its security. In addition, he is charged with the responsibility of providing messing facilities for attached or sup- porting personnel, such as liaison officers and forward air controllers. He TAGO 1338-B, Aug. 5 i *oq _C N 0 E u~ c0~ =o 'v ~ - ~ ~ -v-~~~~~~~,6ITGO133-Z A TAO13-,Ag ad i U 0 Uj U 0zv~ a w z~~ Uj~~ w ·I I 0 Sr U *za- '0 * z1 0 za . I- Uj 0 *za- 0 CO~~~~~ 0 0z 0 v,~~~~~~~2 H a * za H aI < H 0 U~Im a 0 I I IIIU ~~~~~~~~~~~~UU < z O 0 m Iir 0~~~~~~~LX L D I u~~. a~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~I *I Zv, U * a L 2: TAGO133UBAug *w C3~ ~ ~ · a TAGO 1838-B, Aug. 7 may be required to assume temporarily the duties of any member of the staff. b. Administrative, Mess, and Supply Section. The company admin- istrative, mess, and supply section prepares administrative data for submission to higher headquarters, and feeds, clothes, and equips per- sonnel of the company. It includes the supply sergeant, mess steward,
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