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Maya Rom Korin Editor Health Promotion for Children and Adolescents Health Promotion for Children and Adolescents Maya Rom Korin Editor Health Promotion for Children and Adolescents Editor Maya Rom Korin, Ph.D., M.S. Department of Preventive Medicine Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai New York , NY , USA ISBN 978-1-4899-7709-0 ISBN 978-1-4899-7711-3 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-1-4899-7711-3 Library of Congress Control Number: 2016939245 © Springer Science+Business Media New York 2016 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifi cally the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfi lms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specifi c statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. Printed on acid-free paper This Springer imprint is published by Springer Nature The registered company is Springer Science+Business Media LLC New York Pref ace Children are the most vulnerable members of society and are dependent on adults for their well-being. Communities, schools, parents, government, and various insti- tutions strive to protect our children and provide them the environment and tools necessary to grow into healthy adults. The well-being of children determines the health of the next generation. Indeed, many of society’s most severe health and social problems are caused by issues that develop during childhood and adoles- cence. As Healthy People 2020 points out, professionals in policy, research, and clinical practice fi elds are cognizant that childhood provides the physical, cognitive, and social-emotional foundation for lifelong, health, learning, and well-being, and thus health promotion strategies need to be well researched, executed, and assessed. Even from an economic perspective, investment in childhood health promotion pays off greatly. Health promotion for children and adolescents involves a range of academic dis- ciplines and fi elds in order to be successful. And thus, this book is for readers of all kinds—professionals and students in public health, public policy, education, social work, medicine and health care, and of course parents and children themselves. This book aims to bridge the gap between what is discussed in theory and academia and what health promotion programs are working on the ground. This book presents the latest fi ndings on the most effective methods for health promotion for children. Theory driven, the chapters highlight a multifaceted approach to health promotion, incorporating community, families, schools, and policies. Rather than using the same framework and applying it to different prob- lems, each author presented in the book relies on different prevention and health behavior models in order to best understand the issue at hand and address the prob- lem from a multitude of perspectives. Throughout the book, various solutions will be given using evidence-based principles to plan, implement, and evaluate commu- nity health programs that target health problems of children and adolescents. While this book was written with a US focus, the theories and approaches that are addressed are universal in nature and can easily be translated to many countries and settings. v vi Preface Health Promotion for Children and Adolescents begins with an overview of health promotion theories and models in order to orient and familiarize the reader with the different theoretical approaches or tools available in conducting health promotion. The book then has two chapters that discuss the role that socioeconom- ics, poverty, and culture play in providing the context in which health promotion for children occurs. Part III of the book will focus on psychological wellness in chil- dren and adolescents, with Chap. 5 describing what stress and resiliency look like in children, Chap. 6 exploring recent developments in child mental health, Chap. 7 discussing youth suicide, and Chap. 8 highlighting health-related concerns among children with ADD/ADHD. Social and behavioral wellness will be the focus of Part IV. Sexual behavior, sexuality, and gender issues will be discussed in Chaps. 9 and 10 , highlighting the latest research fi ndings and debates. Chapter 11 will focus on the latest research fi ndings in the fi eld of alcohol, tobacco, and drug use prevention for children, while violence and aggressive behavior are covered in Chap. 12 . While childhood obesity is all over news headiness these days (Chap. 13 ), it is unhealthy eating habits that are the root cause of both obesity and eating disorders (Chap. 14 ), which Chap. 15 will thoroughly address. As number of children with chronic ill- nesses has been increasing, Chap. 16 will cover how dealing with these illnesses is of particular challenge among children. The need for confi dentiality in health ser- vices for children will appropriately follow in Chap. 17 , with a look at the ethical and legal issues involved in having children be more autonomous in their health care. Chapter 18 will focus on child abuse and the foster care system. This book was a project that could not have been completed without the hard work of so many people. Each contributing author put in time, effort, and hard work for which I am so grateful given everyone’s very busy schedule and competing interests. The authors that took part in this book are some of the top scholars in the fi eld of health promotion for children and adolescents and have been instrumental in conducting both research and programmatic efforts in their area of interest. I am appreciative of their commitment to this book and the high-quality chapters that are presented within. I would also like to thank my editors at Springer, Janet Kim and Khristine Queja, for their guidance, patience, and support throughout each step of this project. A special thanks to my family, especially my husband, Ittai, and my children, Benjamin and Gabriel, for their endless support and love. New York, NY, USA Maya Rom Korin, Ph.D., M.S. Contents Part I The Foundation 1 Introduction: What Is Health Promotion for Children and Adolescents? ..................................................................................... 3 Maya Rom Korin 2 Theory and Fundamentals of Health Promotion for Children and Adolescents ................................................................. 9 Maya Rom Korin Part II Socioecological Approach to Child and Adolescent Health 3 Poverty and Child Health ....................................................................... 25 Renée Wilson-Simmons 4 Impact of Family Structure, Functioning, Culture, and Family-Based Interventions on Children’s Health ....................... 57 Karol L. Kumpfer , Cátia Magalhães , and Sheetal A. Kanse Part III Children and Adolescent Psychological Wellness 5 Childhood Stress and Resilience ............................................................ 85 Andrew J. Barnes 6 Child Mental Health: Recent Developments with Respect to Risk, Resilience, and Interventions ................................................... 99 Eliot Goldman , Joan Stamler , Kimberly Kleinman , Sarah Kerner , and Owen Lewis 7 Youth Suicide ........................................................................................... 125 Adam G. Horwitz , Kiel J. Opperman , Amanda Burnside , Neera Ghaziuddin , and Cheryl A. King vii viii Contents 8 Health Concerns Regarding Children and Adolescents with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder .................................... 145 Alexandria B. Fladhammer , Adrian R. Lyde , Adena B. Meyers , Jeffrey K. Clark , and Steven Landau Part IV Social and Behavioral Wellness in Children and Adolescents 9 Preventing Risky Sexual Behavior in Adolescents ............................... 169 Eric R. Walsh-Buhi , Sarah B. Maness , and Helen Mahony 10 Early Gender Development in Children and Links with Mental and Physical Health ........................................................... 191 May Ling D. Halim , Danielle Bryant , and Kenneth J. Zucker 11 Parameters of Preventing Substance Misuse in Adolescents .............. 215 Steve Sussman , Yue Liao , Jennifer Tsai , and Diana Fishbein 12 Violence Affecting Youth: Pervasive and Preventable ......................... 235 Larry Cohen , Rachel Davis , and Anna Realini Part V Dietary Health in Children and Adolescents 13 Pediatric and Adolescent Obesity .......................................................... 265 Stephenie Wallace and Bonnie A. Spear 14 Preventing Eating Disorders in Adolescents ........................................ 285 Maribel Plasencia , Salomé A. Wilfred , and Carolyn Black Becker 15 Partnering with Adolescents, Parents, Researchers, and Family Medicine Clinics to Address Adolescent Weight and Weight- Related Behaviors .............................................................