Draft

The Scandinavian 8 Million City Guide

Trains, Planes & Automobiles Illustration: Sven Neitzel / TS8MC 3

3 countries, 4 metropolitan­ cities, 2 capitals – this is the Scandinavian 8 Million City. The Scandinavian 8 Million City Guide 4

Vision The year is 2025. Oslo is connected by high- speed rail to Copen­ hagen. Eight hours travel has been reduced to 140 minutes, and the Oslo ≤≥ Göteborg ≤≥ Copenhagen corridor has become one of the most attractive mega- regions in the world.

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The Corridor of Innovation and Cooperation

8 million of Scandinavia’s 19.3 million inhabitants live in the 600 km corridor that runs from Oslo, Norway, via Göteborg, Sweden, all the way to the Øresund region’s Malmö, Sweden, and Copenhagen, Denmark .

When it comes to an educat- their first steps on a journey and innovation milieus can ed and skilled workforce, this towards a common goal. be enhanced. region is already in the world’s They founded the Corridor of Cooperation over long premier league representing Innovation and Cooperation distances requires an ap- one of the most dynamic and (COINCO), aimed at creating propriate infrastructure, both innovative regions in Europe. a shared corridor between for passengers and freight. But despite sky high ranking Oslo and Berlin via Göteborg, Whilst Europe and the world scores on a dozen European Malmö and Copenhagen. have been expanding their and global scoreboards com- This City Guide finalises the green infrastructure to pared to other economic cen- second stage of this journey stimulate growth – through tres throughout Europe and and moves towards the next. massive investment in high- the world, Scandinavian cities The cities and regions speed rail, for example – such have small and somewhat dis- within this corridor share an investment has been slow to persed populations, with no- ambition to become one of progress in Scandinavia. table concentrations around the world’s most competitive only the three metropolitan mega-regions, simultaneously The vision areas of Oslo, Göteborg, maintaining and developing The Vision for 2025 – the not and Copenhagen/Malmö. In the social and environmental so distant future – is a high- a world where regions are qualities that already make speed rail link that will physi- expanding to attract talent this part of the world unique. cally connect these 8 million and compete globally, this is inhabitants and contribute to a challenge. The philosophy making this mega-region one Development of the COINCO of the world’s most competi- The starting point North is rooted in the philoso- tive. A high-speed rail line In 2005, therefore, the Scan- phy that collaboration forms will allow a traveller to leave dinavian Arena – a joint col- a firm basis for development Oslo Central Station and ar- laboration between the GO- in a globalised world. By ex- rive in Copenhagen approxi- region (Göteborg–Oslo) and ploring the potential of coop- mately 140 minutes later. the Øresund Region – took eration, jobs can be created The Scandinavian 8 Million City Guide 8

Cities are the future

New technology for transport and less regulation in trade and finance has opened up the structure of the global economy.

Future potential for econom- There are 5 key forces There are a number of key ic development and growth driving the global questions to address are defined by network economy today connectivity and strategic ≥ How to achieve a holistic positions in information and ≥ Urbanisation and demo- and sustainable planning trade communities. graphic growth perspective? Capital can now flow ≥ Transport and mobility ≥ How to attract knowl- more freely across national needs edge intensive global borders. As economic activ- ≥ Climate change and the professionals? ity increasingly takes place transformation into a low ≥ How to attract knowledge on a global scale, the emer- carbon environment intensive companies, gence of new strategic areas ≥ Knowledge intensive investors and tourists? and networks becomes ap- labour markets ≥ How to achieve a transna- parent, resulting in the de- ≥ Regionalisation, networks, tional strategy for balanced velopment of new organisa- governance, competition production and growth? tional structures and cross- and critical mass. border regions. City regions have become the engines in developing the knowledge- “The most important dynamic and information based com- munity. Their performance effect of this project will be the and competitiveness rely on large and integrated employ- knowledge, economy, qual- ity of life, connectivity, urban ment market that is created, diversity, urban scale, social one that stretches from Oslo in capital, politics/framework and image. the north to Copenhagen in the south. This will have a magnetic effect for employees, employers, innovators, and investors.”

Knut Halvorsen, Managing Director, Oslo Teknopol Satellite photo: NASA

Atocha train station, Madrid Existing Mega-regions and number of inhabitants in million. Satellite photo: NASA / TS8MC 11

Mega-regions: a result of increased mobility

“Mega-regions, if they are to function as integrated economic units, require better, more effective, and faster ways to move goods, people, and ideas. High-speed rail accomplishes that, and it also provides a framework for future in-fill development along its corridors.”

Richard Florida

“Mega-regions,” as defined Potential results by Richard Florida, author for the Scandinavian of The Rise of the Creative 8 Million City: Class, “are large-scale eco- nomic units of multiple large ≥≥Higher productivity and cities and their surrounding competitive edge suburbs.” This concept is a ≥≥Easier access to skills fundamental building block and talents for professionals contend- ≥≥Reduced costs in logistics ing worldwide amidst global ≥≥Increased access to sup- competition for knowledge pliers and customers and talent between nations ≥≥Greater influence due to and cities. overall increased size ≥≥New possibilities for co- Mega-region dynamics: operation and innova- tion across a wide range ≥≥Availability of qualified staff of areas ≥≥Easy access to markets, customers or clients ≥≥More branches of industry and business ≥≥Increased competition ≥≥Decrease in economic vulnerability The Scandinavian 8 Million City Guide 12

Europe A metro system on a continental scale

“How easy it would be to conduct business, take holidays and travel at a different pace around Europe without the headaches of air traffic control and weather delays.” Tyler Brûlé editor-in-chief of Monocle magazine

“In 1961 I drew a much-published map of Europe. It showed the major railway routes with the cities where express trains stopped marked red. It looked some- thing like the present-day intercity network. Now and particularly with the appearance of the very rapid trains – the metro system on a continental scale – the Continent City has become a reality.” Yona Friedman French architect and urban planner, founder of Mobile Architecture Sketch of the Continent City Europe, Yona Friedman, 1961

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Future challenges for the Scandinavian cities

Within a European and global context, Scandinavian cities are geographically marginal.

Geography and ≥ The railroad system re- Governance Demographics quires special attention in order to keep up with de- ≥ Mega-region potential can ≥ Compared to economic velopments in Europe and only be translated into centres in Europe and the to overcome transnational benefits by joint action. world, Scandinavian cities transport barriers. have small and somewhat ≥ Stronger ties are required dispersed populations, with ≥ A high-speed rail con- among Scandinavian city concentrations around only nection, including both regions to build up a lead- the four metropolitan areas improved regional and ing arena for mutual learn- of Oslo, Göteborg, Copen- freight trains, is an excep- ing, joint initiatives and hagen/Malmö and Stock- tionally robust strategy exchange of best practice. holm. In a world where crucial to realising the regions are expanding, this mega-region potential. is a problem.

≥ Successful innovation and “Railway is the means of transport further growth require a business environment in which more than any other meets which capital support and the future demands for environ- knowledge can compete on both a global scale and ment, efficiency, capacity, comfort, within a global setting. safety and land development”

Infrastructure and mobility Floire Nathanael Daub, project manager, coinco North ≥ In a knowledge-based economy, geographical proximity and working in clusters are increasingly important.

≥ Cooperation over large dis- tances requires an appro- priate infrastructure, both for passengers and freight. The Scandinavian 8 Million City Guide 16

Demographic power 8 million of Scandinavia’s 19.3 million people live in the corridor between Oslo and Copenhagen

COINCO North comprises Knowledge power Infrastructural power three nationalities and four metropolitan cities, includ- ≥ Universities and university ≥ Scandinavia’s two larg- ing two capitals. colleges: 29 est airports: Copenhagen ≥ University students: Airport (Kastrup) and Oslo Covering a population of 260 000 Airport (Gardermoen) 8 million inhabitants, the ≥ Researchers: ≥ 8 international/regional region has the potential to 14 000 airports build strong transnational ≥ Science parks/incubators: ≥ Scandinavia’s largest port markets and clusters. 22 (Göteborg) ≥ New businesses annually: ≥ 9 seaports The corridor also benefits 44 000 ≥ 11 RORO/ferry ports from similar geographi- ≥ 7 kombiterminals cal and socio-political conditions.

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The 8 Million City potential

Scandinavia’s four metropolitan areas represent the most dynamic and innovative regions in Europe

Tapping the potential ≥≥Recognise new mega- The Scandinavian 8 Million trends and niches, and City Collaboration will have Each of the metropolitan city spot these before other five major benefits: regions of The Scandinavian global competitors. 8 Million City has individual ≥≥Secure the best product ≥ A transnational strategy potential as strong regional qualities on the market for balanced growth and engines of growth. Parallel ≥≥Build a culture for commu- competitiveness. to this, they also share key nication and an ability to ≥ A world-class green and characteristics that form a adapt to changes multimodal transport sys- perfect frame for transna- ≥≥Create the right tools for tem that delivers on all lev- tional collaboration regard- forecasting and evaluating els: locally, regionally and ing innovation and R&D. new opportunities globally. ≥≥Collectively discuss up- ≥ Intensified network gov- In the Scandinavian 8 Mil- coming strategies for tran- ernance within and across lion City there will be cross- snational political, profes- national borders. border collaboration on sional and social networks ≥ Increased appeal for matters essential to develop- knowledge intensive com- ment – “hard” issues such as As underscored by the EU’s panies, global profession- transport infrastructure and Lisbon strategy, innovation als, investors and tourists. “soft” issues like improving and knowledge production ≥ Greater influence due to cooperation within business, are core parameters in de- greater size, a globally administration and knowl- velopment. Today the region competitive mega region edge production. has its strongholds within built upon Scandinavian the areas of environment, values. To actively help forming the logistics, life science, ICT, future and secure further op- food science, maritime, cul- portunities for development, ture and nano science. With it is vital to: a new high-speed rail con- nection these clusters can become the top of Europe. The Scandinavian 8 Million City Guide 20

Oslo ≥ Copenhagen

05:00 Wake up --:-- Travel to Airport Express terminal at Central Station, Oslo --:-- Travel with Airport Express Train --:-- Check in at Oslo Gardermoen Airport (OSL) --:-- Queue up at airport security --:-- Prepare hand-baggage, jacket, telephone, computers and liquid --:-- containers etc for screening --:-- Go through metal detector --:-- Take off belt and shoes --:-- Go through metal detector again --:-- Avoid body search --:-- Assemble all belongings --:-- Go to gate --:-- Wait by gate --:-- Queue up by gate --:-- Board --:-- Wait in airport gate tunnel --:-- Smile and greet the stewardesses --:-- Wait in cockpit --:-- Climb over passengers to seat --:-- Listen to passenger safety briefings --:-- Queue for takeoff --:-- Take off --:-- Listen to baby scream --:-- Avoid the fear of falling down --:-- Try to work --:-- Climb over passengers, twist around stewardess and --:-- squeeze past trolley on the way to toilet --:-- Try to read BY AIR --:-- Land at Kastrup Copenhagen Airport (CPH) --:-- Wait in cockpit --:-- Get off --:-- Go through baggage claim --:-- Go through customs --:-- Get to train station --:-- Take airport train to Central Station, Copenhagen 10:00 Arrive at meeting / TS8MC 21

Oslo ≥ Copenhagen

07:00 Wake up --:-- Travel to high-speed train terminal at Central Station, Oslo --:-- Get on board --:-- Go! --:-- Do some work --:-- Enjoy an espresso --:-- Look out of the window --:-- Read a book --:-- Buy a warm croissant --:-- Snooze --:-- Arrive at high-speed train terminal at Central Station, Copenhagen 10:00 Arrive at meeting

BY TRAIN ‘Welcome to 2025 – the year you can leave the train station in Copenhagen early in the morning, and be in Oslo by breakfast.’ In The Year 2025 23 High-Speed Train Oslo ≤≥ Göteborg ≤≥ Copenhagen Illustration: Sven Neitzel Sven Illustration: The Scandinavian 8 Million City Guide 24

The COINCO Train platform at København H station is where Scandinavians meet: wealthy suits hurrying for business in Copen- hagen, healthy sportsmen heading for thrilling adventures up north, and tourists travelling south to the European continent. Rugged Norwegians, snooty Swedes, and chic Danes: but only a trained eye could still recognise these Scandinavian clichés.

By Sondre Sommerfelt, Oslo Teknopol IKS

uch stereotypes, it at a tripartite alliance, The Copenhagen: at the point can now be said, are Kalmar Union, ended with when the Tivoli Gardens S no longer valid. Oslo, numerous beheadings in the started to become boring, Göteborg and Copenha- 15th century. the famous smell of Chris- gen are almost triplets, the The high-speed train tiania’s free district started Øresund Region practically system in Scandinavia is to become interesting, the a neighbourhood, and as now such a success that it red light streets of Vesterbro the new high-speed train is expanding, with new lines curiously exciting, and even through the Oslo – Göte- under development. Norway, the avant garde of Danish de- borg – Copenhagen corridor Sweden and Denmark are sign and architecture started starts to gain acceptance, more interconnected than to appeal to the senses. Co- the whole area is developing ever before and, thanks to penhagen offered a Calvin- at a rapid pace. The concept the Fehmarn Belt Bridge be- ist Scandinavia the bizarre of “Three Nations – One tween Denmark and Germa- sight of people drinking Region” is becoming a real- ny, routes throughout Europe schnapps on the pavements ity. Such an alliance might are efficiently connecting the after church on Sundays, or seem obvious to a foreigner, north to the continent. knocking back Tuborg beers but to Scandinavians it’s in the parks while watching not always been this way. Scandinavian flashback their kids play. The last time such success- Until the 1990s, Copenha- ful collaboration took place gen seemed exotic to green Out of sync? was in the Viking age, when Norwegians and Swedes, at Scandinavian countries al- from time to time Scandi- least as sinful as Hamburg ways seemed somehow out navians teamed up to raid and Amsterdam. The rite of step with one another, and and pillage middle Europe. de passage for a Scandina- so were its major cities. If Co- A later, half-hearted attempt vian youth had to include penhagen was a continental / TS8MC 25 Illustration: Sven Neitzel Sven Illustration:

refuge from a backward to Technicolor. Everything were Europe’s lousiest colo- Scandinavia, Oslo was the was clean and methodical, nists: little effort was made backward town, solely a organised and in its right to join forces. But after the transit point to fjords, snow place. Everybody drove new Second World War, with the and glaciers. Danes called Volvos and Saabs: safety establishment of the Nor- the boat from Copenhagen first, of course, underlined by dic Council (Nordisk Råd), to Oslo “The Ski Boat”, while Sweden’s decision to become which ensured free move- Norwegians called it “The the first country to insist on ment without a passport, Party Boat”. Same boat, but compulsory seatbelts. They and the flagship collabora- two meanings: one implying even changed from driving tion, the SAS – Scandinavian pure health, the other the on the left to the right side on Airline System, some hoped complete opposite. the road in one day without a the idea of Scandinavian And Göteborg? Göte- single accident! Sweden was harmony would at last be es- borg was simply Sweden’s the future: for Scandinavia, tablished. It wasn’t, though, second biggest city, always and for the rest of Europe. not unless you count a hand- behind its pious capital, ful of TV co-productions Stockholm. During the Sec- Scandinavia Unite! where prime time TV hosts ond World War, Denmark A united Scandinavia had barked out orders in strange and Norway – unlike Sweden existed as a concept since dialects nobody could un- – were occupied by Nazi Ger- medieval times and, until the derstand (including their many, and therefore, in the end of the 19th Century, the fellow countrymen). post-war era lasting until the Swedes and Danes fought 1980s, travelling to Sweden continuously to be lords of The low point was not unlike a journey from Scandinavia, with Norway Unfortunately for “union- poverty to wealth, akin to as a bargaining tool and war ists”, the end of the cold moving from black and white booty. One could argue they war, the expansion of the EU, The Scandinavian 8 Million City Guide 26 Illustrations: Sven Neitzel Sven Illustrations:

failed financial mergers and business in red and white Europe, but Scandinavia still the economic strain of the worldwide, winning the had to wait. SAS-partnership, all topped European Cup in 1992 and off with a dash of inter-coun- reaching the quarter finals The change try rivalry, did their best to of the 1998 World Cup. Luckily, the Scandinavian hamper potential unity. In Scandinavian collabora- mentality eventually began the ‘90s an imposed merger tion’s lowest ebb also marked to change. Thanks to in- of two of Scandinavia’s big- the lowest point in rail trans- creased salaries, higher edu- gest telecommunication port’s decline. Scandinavi- cation and budget airlines, companies, Norway’s TEL- ans simply didn’t understand citizens slowly started to ENOR and Sweden’s TELIA, each other anymore, and understand how much nicer was a total fiasco. Remain- train travel was little more Berlin, Barcelona and Paris ing true to stereotypes, the than a last resort anyway. In were than their hometowns. Norwegians were too lais- the mid 1990s, it still took Copenhagen ceased to be sez-faire, the Swedish too as long to travel through their sole exotic destination. stuck-up. Simultaneously, Europe by train as it had To cut a long story short, the greatest shift in cross done in pre-war years. If you Scandinavians began to col- country skiing occurred: wanted comfort and speed, laborate, creating Scandina- Sweden’s slightly grumpy you took a plane. Fortunate- vian history’s most important Gunde Swan lost the crown ly, things started changing: joint venture, the high- of King of the Woods to France was the first conti- speed train between Oslo, Norway’s slightly superficial nental country to embrace Göteborg, Copenhagen and Bjørn Dæhlie. Luckily the high-speed trains, followed Stockholm. These started to Danes focused on football, by the Germans and later bring the cities, and thereby and their national team, the the Spanish. Trains started Scandinavia, together. “Danske drenge”, did brisk racing through Continental / TS8MC 27

The blossoming future The future of travel more you can enjoy perfect work- Of course Copenhagen is than likely lies in this blos- ing conditions all the way. still different to both Göte- soming family of modern Whatever has been said borg and Oslo: Copenhagen green, high-speed European before, no one can accuse remains Copenhagen. The trains. Göteborg has be- Scandinavia of being mar- Danes still appear more come the central Scandina- ginalised or living in the past relaxed, the Swedes more vian hub, with Copenhagen now that it has embraced the austere and the Norwegians the gateway to the rest of high-speed train revolution. more rugged. But nowadays, Europe. Airlines can’t com- These trains are more than as you move efficiently from pete and have given up the just amenities for spoilt trav- one city to another, you sense you are in the same area, one united region, and there’s no longer any need “The last time such successful col- to feel homesick when Oslo laboration took place was in the is just 2 hours away from Copenhagen. You can leave Viking age, when from time to time Copenhagen in the early Scandinavians teamed up to raid morning and be in Oslo by and pillage middle Europe.” breakfast, and you can actu- ally get back to Copenhagen in time for a long Danish brunch at noon. Any friends routes. It takes just one hour ellers. Scandinavia’s unique you invite for dinner will be from Copenhagen to Ber- selling point has always been safely home by midnight. lin or Brussels, and ninety its stable society and pure Copenhagen is now packed minutes to Stockholm. Old nature and now its trains with continental Norwe- problems like bad weather have revitalised an entire re- gians, while Oslo is filled or Icelandic ash clouds are gion. This railroad has made with frisky Danes. And the no longer a threat, you can a new Scandinavia. COINCO best thing is that Scandina- jump from one train to the has changed Scandinavian vians have started to under- next without ever losing living and Scandinavian lives. stand one other again. sight of your luggage, and The Scandinavian 8 Million City Guide 28

The creative corridor

Culture and creativity are vital elements for happy, healthy communities. The Scandinavian 8 Million City aims to be a corridor leading the way forward in developing a creative culture and leisure industry. Illustration: Sven Neitzel Sven Illustration: / TS8MC 29

A culturally dynamic region, Opera Scandinavia is a giant of rich in diversity and experi- The region making up the film. One of the world’s ences, helps improve the Scandinavian 8 Million City smartest contemporary film quality of life for locals and is home to no less than four studios is located at Trollhät- visitors alike. It strengthens fabulous opera houses. tan, just outside Göteborg. feelings of identity and affin- The curtain was raised in The home of SAAB car pro- ity and makes a region more Malmö’s Opera in 1944 and duction is now increasingly attractive. Scandinavians in Göteborg’s in 1989, while known (at least in the crea- enjoy the advantages of free Copenhagen unveiled its tive industries) as “Trolly- education as well as the op- new opera building in 2005, wood”, with Zentropa, the portunity to study abroad and Oslo’s opened in 2008. Danish film company found- and to travel extensively, en- All four are magnificent ed by director Lars Von Trier, abled by flexible work regu- buildings, their programmes producing many of its films lations, and therefore have boasting excellent artistic in the city. considerable spare time to standards. As for film festivals, the spend on all sorts of activi- Göteborg International Film ties, not only their beloved Popular music and festivals Festival is Scandinavia’s big- winter sports. Much of it is One of the regions’ most gest and takes place annual- poured into culture, making important cultural attrac- ly for 10 days in January and Scandinavia an increasingly tions is its thriving music February. It’s here that the exciting cultural hub. scene, with every conceiv- COINCO North project over- Creative industries have able genre represented. sees the heavyweight Nordic an impact on social, econom- Music is everywhere, with Film Lab, an opportunity for ic and environmental pros- all kinds of festivals taking young, aspiring film workers perity. They can bring more place throughout the year. to connect with more es- tourism into a region and One of the world’s most fa- tablished players within the contribute to the creation mous music festivals takes film industry. of public and private sec- place at the beginning of tor partnerships. In order to July in Roskilde, outside achieve this, it is important Copenhagen, while the big- to identify what the region gest Nordic music confer- has to offer and then set out ence, by:Larm, is held in suitable strategies and plans. Oslo in mid February. As for the Swedes: well, after the Architecture USA and UK they’re the third Scandinavia has always biggest music exporters in been one of the world’s most the world. Their biggest fes- vital and exciting regions for tival is “Way Out West” held architecture. Scandinavian in Gøteborg in August. “Way Modernism, for instance, has Out West” has for many been a potent symbol of the years collaborated with Nor- area since the late 1920. No way’s biggest festival, “Øya”, wonder international star ar- held in Oslo the in the same chitects have been increas- period. ingly competing to make their (land)mark in Scandina- Film via’s major cities. From Greta Garbo to Viggo Mortensen, from Ingmar Bergman to Lars Von Trier, For the ideas we haven’t had yet.

This guide is a work in progress and we would love to hear from you. If you have any Scandinavian 8 Million City ideas, comments or questions, please drop a line to: [email protected] We invite you to join us on the journey and hope you enjoy exploring the potential of COINCO North.

Photo: Shutterstock / Paolo Toscani / TS8MC 33

Partnership for Life Science

MedCoast Scandinavia is a Norwegian and Swedish network organisation aiming to strengthen and develop the life science sector in the Gøteborg-Oslo region.

MedCoast Scandinavia possible where one city works as a catalyst to facili- alone could not have been tate collaboration between as successful. The realisa- scientists, companies and tion of The Scandinavian 8 the public sector, to en- Million City, including all the hance entrepreneurship and way from Oslo to Øresund, commercialisation of inno- would mean improved po- vations. The network also tential for even bigger and works to facilitate venture stronger Scandinavian life capital in the biomedical science partnerships. sector and to increase for- eign investments, as well as attracting talents to the life science region. For over 10 years, re- searchers, students, busi- nesses and entrepreneurs have made use of the op- portunities offered across national borders through this network. Cross border collabora- tion in the area of life sci- ence is immensely important for the region, and for Nor- way and Sweden. It strength- ens research and develop- ment, the region gain a larger critical mass for joint funding, as well as exchange of experience. Neitzel Sven Illustration: A larger life science region has made things The Scandinavian 8 Million City Guide 34

Finance

Current rough estimates show that final building costs for a dedicated high speed-rail corridor between Oslo and Copenhagen will amount to 90 billion NOK. Further studies will demonstrate whether economic benefits can outweigh such costs.

Until recently, infrastructure Public private partnership to SAS’ would benefit the investment was mostly a What makes the COINCO commercial side of the proj- national affair limited to a North corridor special in a ect and compensate for the country’s territorial bound- Scandinavian context is the loss of income in a reduced aries. But globalisation and demographic concentration. domestic air market. That the rapid integration pro- This makes it possible to work form of business organisa- cess of the European Union with alternative self-financing tion might potentially carry have weakened the role of models so that the project enough weight to operate national borders, thrusting will not be solely dependent in the overall European mar- transnational mobility to the on public funding. What ket when the European rail forefront of the minds of we have called the “Danish network is gradually opened politicians, business figures model” – used to finance the up for private competition and passengers. In 2006, Øresund linking bridge be- after 2011. the EU created the TEN-T tween Sweden and Denmark (Trans-European Transport – could be highly suitable for This is how it works Network), a dedicated fund- COINCO North. The model ≥ Loans from national and ing programme designed to is now being used to finance international capital mar- speed up the completion of the Femarn Bælt bridge con- kets. The borrower is a transport links throughout necting Denmark to Germany development company and across Europe. There following the success of the responsible for the devel- is, however, still a long way fixed Øresund link. opment and operation of to go in order to overcome the plant/project. existing barriers associated The Danish model ≥ The development com- with transnational infrastruc- Applying the “Danish model” pany is 100% owned by the ture investments, especially will make it possible to estab- countries involved. This when it comes to cost-shar- lish a Scandinavian railway makes government guar- ing between nations. In this company. This has been the antees possible, securing particular case, if the project model for transnational links the highest possible credit is to be financed by public in other parts of Europe. The rating: AAA. funding alone it will be nec- Eurostar is one example, ≥ The loans are repaid essary to create a political operating between Paris, through user charges, ie. climate wherein the three dif- London and Brussels and by railway companies and ferent national governments owned by the three countries car owners using the link. move in sync. in question. A Scandinavian This way the actual link is railway company with an financed by those using it, ownership structure similar not by taxpayers. Photo: Eurostar Graphic design: Are Brand – DKDS / TS8MC 37 Short term milestones

Building a High speed corridor between Oslo and Copenhagen may be the single-most costly investment in transport and communication in Scandinavian history.

Upgrading today’s Inter-City The improvement on this dis- line to double tracks and tance alone will have a huge building separate tracks for impact for both passengers high-speed will generate a and environment waste reduction of travel time and enable for com- ≥ Travel time between Oslo pletely new mobility patterns. and Ski halved from 22 to Early studies show that 11 minutes. the potential for society regarding attractiveness, ≥ Capacity up from 12 to concentration of economic more than 30 trains an activity and new ways to live hour, with the passenger and work will many times capacity equalling that of outweigh the costs in a long three four-lane motorways. term perspective. In a short term perspec- ≥ 11 000 more people can tive focus will be on upgrad- travel by public transport ing the existing Inter-City over a 24-hour period. network to double track standard in the whole cor- ≥ Nearly 6000 less cars and ridor. This will create more 750 less trailers will cover capacity for boat passen- the distance on weekdays. gers and freight and gives the potential to gain a higher ≥ 5500 tons less carbon marked share and prepare emissions from private for a high-speed rail future. cars, and 30 000 less A new double-track rail from goods traffic. connection between Oslo and Ski, the Follo line, is due ≥ More detailed studies to be completed in 2018, and into the impact for the will actually form the first whole COINCO North cor- stretch of the high-speed ridor are currently being line to Copenhagen. undertaken. The Scandinavian 8 Million City Guide 38

Scandinavian Rail System (SRS)

A new railway system in Scandinavia should become the most efficient and comfortable way to travel in the region. A dedicated design group has been formed in order to achieve this.

SRS remit is to examine the destinations, from travel design challenges associat- planning to ticket purchase, ed with a new Scandinavian from baggage handling to high-speed rail service. Its on-board work or leisure members have extensive ex- time – are currently being perience designing trains for examined. Tasks performed Nordic conditions and are by service crew, mainte- responsible for several types nance personnel and control of train, including the award centres are also crucial. winning Norwegian Airport Implementing such a wide express train (1998). range of user needs in the The traction and rolling design phase from day one stock used throughout the enables innovative solutions Nordic countries have simi- to be truly integrated into lar and particularly stringent the overall design of both requirements, something the travel service and the partly due to the region’s oc- trains that go with it. casionally extreme weather conditions. All equipment therefore needs to be de- signed, engineered and manufactured to meet ex- ceptional design quality and safety requirements com- mon in the Nordic countries. All aspects conceivably involved in train travel – pas- sengers’ overall experience

all the way to their final Neitzel Sven Illustration: Photo: NSB

/ TS8MC 41 About this project Illustration: Sven Neitzel Sven Illustration:

Corridor of Innovation and infrastructures, creating one Business Region Göteborg is Cooperation (COINCO) of the most competitive re- the Lead Partner. In addition, North is a strategic devel- gions in the global market. Oslo Kommune, Akershus opment project, co-funded COINCO North was ap- fylkeskommune, Østfold by the EU and aimed at proved for funding through fylkeskommune, Göteborg strengthening sustainable the Interreg IV A Öresund- stad, Västra Götaland, Hal- growth and development of Kattegat-Skagerak pro- land, Region Skåne, Malmö the Oslo, Göteborg and Øre- gramme at the end of Febru- stad, Helsingborg stad, sund/Copenhagen corridor. ary 2009, and the project Vägverket region vest and A collective, transna- will run until the autumn of Banverket (merged from tional vision will lead to 2011. Oslo Teknopol is both 2010 into Trafikverket), closer working relationships the project manager and Jernbaneverket and Statens within transport, innovation, Norwegian project owner vegvesen are all partners in business, culture and leisure of COINCO North, whilst the project. The Scandinavian 8 Million City Guide 42

Contact information

Visit www.coinconorth.com or contact our project managers in Norway or Sweden to find out more about The Scandinavian 8 Million City.

Project manager Floire Nathanael Daub [email protected]

Manager of communications Hege Tollerud [email protected]

Cluster developer Maria Christensen [email protected]

Oslo Teknopol IKS Tollbugata 32 P.O. Box 527 Sentrum N-0105 Oslo Norway

Project manager, Sweden Madeleine Johansson [email protected]

Business Region Göteborg AB Norra Hamngatan 14 Box 111 19 SE-404 23 Göteborg Sweden

Text engeneering in collaboration with Sondre Sommerfelt Design by NODE Berlin Oslo

Unless referred, Images and illustrations by COINCO North

8 Million Thanks to all project contributors! Illustration: Sven Neitzel