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FCC-20-54A1.Pdf
Federal Communications Commission FCC 20-54 Before the Federal Communications Commission Washington, D.C. 20554 In the Matter of ) ) Mitigation of Orbital Debris in the New Space Age ) IB Docket No. 18-313 ) REPORT AND ORDER AND FURTHER NOTICE OF PROPOSED RULEMAKING Adopted: April 23, 2020 Released: April 24, 2020 By the Commission: Chairman Pai and Commissioners O’Rielly, Carr, and Starks issuing separate statements; Commissioner Rosenworcel concurring and issuing a statement. Comment Date: (45 days after date of publication in the Federal Register). Reply Comment Date: (75 days after date of publication in the Federal Register). TABLE OF CONTENTS Heading Paragraph # I. INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................................. 1 II. BACKGROUND .................................................................................................................................... 3 III. DISCUSSION ...................................................................................................................................... 14 A. Regulatory Approach to Mitigation of Orbital Debris ................................................................... 15 1. FCC Statutory Authority Regarding Orbital Debris ................................................................ 15 2. Relationship with Other U.S. Government Activities ............................................................. 20 3. Economic Considerations ....................................................................................................... -
ITU-R FAQ on the Digital Dividend and the Digital Switchover (DSO)
INTERNATIONAL TELECOMMUNICATION UNION – RADIOCOMMUNICATION SECTOR ITU-R FAQ on the DIGITAL DIVIDEND and the DIGITAL SWITCHOVER A: DIGITAL DIVIDEND Question: What is the Digital Dividend? The digital dividend is the amount of spectrum made available by the transition of terrestrial television broadcasting from analogue to digital. Question: What makes the Digital Dividend possible? The Digital Dividend is made possible by the transition from analogue to digital TV broadcasting as a result of the improved spectrum efficiency provided by the new digital technologies: a) Digital video compression reduces the transmission size (bits) of the video signal. As a result, instead of one analogue TV programme several (typical four to twelve) digital programmes of equivalent quality can be broadcast in the same 6-, 7- or 8-MHz wide channel. b) Digital modulation (COFDM) minimizes the multipath interference effect (phenomena when the signal is received directly from the transmitter and as reflection from various objects). Consequently, the signal level required for good TV reception is significantly lower for digital, hence transmitter power is lower. Since the need to cope with multipath reception is reduced, this may also lead to a decrease in the number of broadcasting stations. c) The re-use distance is smaller, i.e. the same frequency or TV channel (for other programmes) can be used at locations that are closer to each other than in the analogue case. This reduction in the re-use distance is due to the fact that digital TV can operate at significantly lower protection ratios than analogue TV. d) The same frequency can be used by adjacent transmitters as long as the same broadcast content is transmitted, i.e. -
2019 Nano/Microsatellite Market Forecast, 9Th Edition
2019 NANO/MICROSATELLITE MARKET FORECAST, 9TH EDITION Copyright 2018, SpaceWorks Enterprises, Inc. (SEI) APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE. SPACEWORKS ENTERPRISES, INC., COPYRIGHT 2018. 1 Since 2008, SpaceWorks has actively monitored companies and economic activity across both the satellite and launch sectors 0 - 50 kg 50 - 250kg 250 - 1000kg 1000 - 2000kg 2000kg+ Custom market assessments are available for all mass classes NANO/MICROSATELLITE DEFINITION Picosatellite Nanosatellite Microsatellite Small/Medium Satellite (0.1 – 0.99 kg) (1 – 10 kg) (10 – 100 kg) (100 – 1000 kg) 0 kg 1 kg 10 kg 100 kg 1000 kg This report bounds the upper range of interest in microsatellites at 50 kg given the relatively large amount of satellite development activity in the 1 – 50 kg range FORECASTING METHODOLOGY SpaceWorks’ proprietary Launch Demand Database (LDDB) Downstream serves as the data source for all satellite market Demand assessments ▪ Planned The LDDB is a catalogue of over 10,000+ historical and Constellations future satellites containing both public and non-public (LDDB) satellite programs Launch Supply SpaceWorks newly updated Probabilistic Forecast Model (PFM) is used to generate future market potential SpaceWorks PFM Model ▪ The PFM considers down-stream demand, announced/planed satellite constellations, and supply-side dynamics, among other relevant factors Expert Analysis The team of expert industry analysts at SpaceWorks SpaceWorks further interprets and refines the PFM results to create Forecast accurate market forecasts Methodology at a Glance 2018 SpaceWorks forecasted 2018 nano/microsatellite launches with unprecedented accuracy – actual satellites launched amounted to just 5% below our analysts’ predictions. In line with SpaceWorks’ expectations, the industry corrected after a record launch year in 2017, sending 20% less nano/microsatellites to orbit than in 2018. -
SPECTRUM for MOBILE Digital Dividend Status
SPECTRUM FOR MOBILE Digital Dividend Status Peter Lyons, Head of Middle East and North Africa, Government & Regulatory Affairs, GSMA 11 APRIL 2013 17 MAY 2014 © GSMA 2014 GSMA OVERVIEW GSMA BY THE NUMBERS SPECTRUM FOR MOBILE © GSMA 2014 ENABLING A MOBILE FUTURE ACCELERATING MOBILE INNOVATION THROUGH GLOBAL INITIATIVES FUTURE COMMUNICATIONS CONNECTED LIVING Creating an enhanced mobile experience via Realising the potential of connected devices voice-over-IP, messaging and content- across many sectors to improve lives sharing applications MOBILE COMMERCE NETWORK APIs Enabling transactional services via Developing interfaces to fully exploit mobile contactless radio technology network capabilities MOBILE IDENTITY SPECTRUM Authenticating users securely Promoting effective spectrum policy and and conveniently delivery of mobile broadband SPECTRUM FOR MOBILE © GSMA 2014 BENEFITS OF THE DIGITAL DIVIDEND ATTRACTIVENESS OF THE SUB 1GHZ BANDS The benefits of sub-1GHz spectrum are crucial for high quality, cost effective mobile broadband deployment Cell radius Ideal for economically deploying mobile broadband over large areas - especially in rural areas <700MHz 700MHz Improved saturation in urban areas and better in- 800MHz building penetration improves quality of service 2100MHz 5800MHz The digital dividend means more 1GHz spectrum is being made available for mobile broadband services around the world SPECTRUM FOR MOBILE © GSMA 2014 THE DIGITAL DIVIDEND AS TELEVISION BROADCASTING MOVES TO DIGITAL, MORE CAN BE DONE WITH LESS SPECTRUM. Unique opportunity -
International Harmonisation and National Spectrum Management
Imperfect Harmony: International harmonisation and national spectrum management Imperfect Harmony: International harmonisation and national spectrum management Introduction Final preparations are underway for the World Radiocommunication Conference 2019 (WRC-19), a two-month conference beginning this October in Egypt. The world radiocommunication conference (WRC) is held every three to four years, with the overarching objective to review and revise the Radio Regulations. The Radio Regulations are international treaties between member states of the International Telecommunications Union (ITU)1 that govern the use of radio spectrum and satellite orbits. International governance of radio spectrum use aims to reduce cross-border interference and develop equipment ecosystems. This is done by regional (or global) allocation of frequencies for particular communications services2 and through implementation of technical and regulator standards. This process is referred to as spectrum harmonisation. Although spectrum harmonisation is an international effort, spectrum resources are (typically) managed and assigned at a national level. Harmonisation can therefore limit the decisions of national spectrum managers, and there may be instances where the collective international interest does not align with national interests. Though the role of spectrum harmonisation and role of cross-country coordination between national spectrum managers are well established, this essay discusses the benefits and limitations of harmonisation and considers emerging coordination issues that need to be addressed at national and international scale3. This essay argues that the harmonisation facilitates benefits of coordination – but fundamentally cannot deliver without national action. It also supports the view that national spectrum managers should, at times, prioritise national interests over international harmonisation. The essay concludes by summarising future issues beyond the scope of coordination that are relevant to cross-country coordination. -
Procedures for Sana Registry Specification
PROCEDURES FOR SANA REGISTRY SPECIFICATION CCSDS RECORD CCSDS 313.2-Y-2 YELLOW BOOK October 2020 PROCEDURES FOR SANA REGISTRY SPECIFICATION CCSDS RECORD CCSDS 313.2-Y-2 YELLOW BOOK October 2020 PROCEDURES FOR SANA REGISTRY SPECIFICATION AUTHORITY Issue: CCSDS Record, Issue 2 Date: October 2020 Location: Washington, DC, USA This document has been approved for publication by the Management Council of the Consultative Committee for Space Data Systems (CCSDS). The procedure for review and authorization of CCSDS documents is detailed in Organization and Processes for the Consultative Committee for Space Data Systems (CCSDS A02.1-Y-4). This document is published and maintained by: CCSDS Secretariat National Aeronautics and Space Administration Washington, DC, USA Email: [email protected] CCSDS 313.2-Y-2 Page i October 2020 PROCEDURES FOR SANA REGISTRY SPECIFICATION FOREWORD Through the process of normal evolution, it is expected that expansion, deletion, or modification of this document may occur. This Record is therefore subject to CCSDS document management and change control procedures, which are defined in Organization and Processes for the Consultative Committee for Space Data Systems (CCSDS A02.1-Y-4). Current versions of CCSDS documents are maintained at the CCSDS Web site: http://www.ccsds.org/ Questions relating to the contents or status of this document should be sent to the CCSDS Secretariat at the email address indicated on page i. CCSDS 313.2-Y-2 Page ii October 2020 PROCEDURES FOR SANA REGISTRY SPECIFICATION At time of publication, the active Member and Observer Agencies of the CCSDS were: Member Agencies – Agenzia Spaziale Italiana (ASI)/Italy. -
Assessment on Use of Spectrum in the 10-17 Ghz Band for the GSO Fixed-Satellite Service in Region 1
Report ITU-R S.2365-0 (09/2015) Assessment on use of spectrum in the 10-17 GHz band for the GSO fixed-satellite service in Region 1 S Series Fixed satellite service ii Rep. ITU-R S.2365-0 Foreword The role of the Radiocommunication Sector is to ensure the rational, equitable, efficient and economical use of the radio- frequency spectrum by all radiocommunication services, including satellite services, and carry out studies without limit of frequency range on the basis of which Recommendations are adopted. The regulatory and policy functions of the Radiocommunication Sector are performed by World and Regional Radiocommunication Conferences and Radiocommunication Assemblies supported by Study Groups. Policy on Intellectual Property Right (IPR) ITU-R policy on IPR is described in the Common Patent Policy for ITU-T/ITU-R/ISO/IEC referenced in Annex 1 of Resolution ITU-R 1. Forms to be used for the submission of patent statements and licensing declarations by patent holders are available from http://www.itu.int/ITU-R/go/patents/en where the Guidelines for Implementation of the Common Patent Policy for ITU-T/ITU-R/ISO/IEC and the ITU-R patent information database can also be found. Series of ITU-R Reports (Also available online at http://www.itu.int/publ/R-REP/en) Series Title BO Satellite delivery BR Recording for production, archival and play-out; film for television BS Broadcasting service (sound) BT Broadcasting service (television) F Fixed service M Mobile, radiodetermination, amateur and related satellite services P Radiowave propagation RA Radio astronomy RS Remote sensing systems S Fixed-satellite service SA Space applications and meteorology SF Frequency sharing and coordination between fixed-satellite and fixed service systems SM Spectrum management Note: This ITU-R Report was approved in English by the Study Group under the procedure detailed in Resolution ITU-R 1. -
Espinsights the Global Space Activity Monitor
ESPInsights The Global Space Activity Monitor Issue 2 May–June 2019 CONTENTS FOCUS ..................................................................................................................... 1 European industrial leadership at stake ............................................................................ 1 SPACE POLICY AND PROGRAMMES .................................................................................... 2 EUROPE ................................................................................................................. 2 9th EU-ESA Space Council .......................................................................................... 2 Europe’s Martian ambitions take shape ......................................................................... 2 ESA’s advancements on Planetary Defence Systems ........................................................... 2 ESA prepares for rescuing Humans on Moon .................................................................... 3 ESA’s private partnerships ......................................................................................... 3 ESA’s international cooperation with Japan .................................................................... 3 New EU Parliament, new EU European Space Policy? ......................................................... 3 France reflects on its competitiveness and defence posture in space ...................................... 3 Germany joins consortium to support a European reusable rocket......................................... -
TS 101 756 V1.2.1 (2005-01) Technical Specification
ETSI TS 101 756 V1.2.1 (2005-01) Technical Specification Digital Audio Broadcasting (DAB); Registered Tables European Broadcasting Union Union Européenne de Radio-Télévision EBU·UER 2 ETSI TS 101 756 V1.2.1 (2005-01) Reference RTS/JTC-DAB-32 Keywords DAB, digital, audio, broadcasting, radio, broadcast, registration ETSI 650 Route des Lucioles F-06921 Sophia Antipolis Cedex - FRANCE Tel.: +33 4 92 94 42 00 Fax: +33 4 93 65 47 16 Siret N° 348 623 562 00017 - NAF 742 C Association à but non lucratif enregistrée à la Sous-Préfecture de Grasse (06) N° 7803/88 Important notice Individual copies of the present document can be downloaded from: http://www.etsi.org The present document may be made available in more than one electronic version or in print. In any case of existing or perceived difference in contents between such versions, the reference version is the Portable Document Format (PDF). In case of dispute, the reference shall be the printing on ETSI printers of the PDF version kept on a specific network drive within ETSI Secretariat. Users of the present document should be aware that the document may be subject to revision or change of status. Information on the current status of this and other ETSI documents is available at http://portal.etsi.org/tb/status/status.asp If you find errors in the present document, please send your comment to one of the following services: http://portal.etsi.org/chaircor/ETSI_support.asp Copyright Notification No part may be reproduced except as authorized by written permission. -
EN-Airbus-Sps-Press Release-Airbus Signs MOU with Hellenic Space
SPACE SYSTEMS Airbus signs MOU with Hellenic Space Agency for future space cooperation Agreement will cover Earth observation, space exploration, and future growth opportunities @AirbusSpace @HSA_gov London/Athens, 21 May 2019 – Airbus and the Hellenic Space Agency have signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) covering future space cooperation. The MOU will focus on Earth observation, space exploration and future growth opportunities including software research and space policy. Established in 2018, the Hellenic Space Agency (HSA) is Greece’s national body responsible for space and is part of the Ministry of Infrastructure, Transport and Networks. Another key element of the MOU is to share best practices in encouraging future generations to be involved in space, ranging from promoting STEM (Science Technology, Engineering and Maths) subjects to sponsoring research activities relating to space. The MOU will also look to encourage exchange of personnel between Airbus and HSA to enhance knowledge sharing and understanding. These will include educational initiatives, space applications, research and technology, space policy, law and regulation, and explore long term possible cooperation on space activities. This agreement between Airbus and HSA follows an MOU that was signed between HSA and the UK Space Agency and announced in January 2019. Justin Byrne from Airbus Defence and Space UK, said: “This MOU with the Hellenic Space Agency, builds on the cooperation we have already begun with the Greek space industry and academia on programmes such as Solar Orbiter and ExoMars. We look forward to future collaborations across Earth observation, science and wider space applications.” The Hellenic Space Agency Chairman Mr Protopapas Christodoulos said: “Airbus is one of the three largest space companies in Europe. -
October 2019 Space Business Review
Space Business Review A monthly round-up of space industry developments for the information of our clients and friends. October 2019 Contact | Dara A. Panahy, +1 202.835.7521, [email protected] | Bijan Ganji, +1 202.835.7543, [email protected] Relativity Concludes Major Series C Round Telesat Closes $550m Notes Offering On October 1, Relativity Space Inc. (Relativity) announced that On October 11, Telesat Canada (Telesat) announced that it it raised $140m through a Series C investment round led by closed an offering of $550m in aggregate principal amount of new investors Bond and Tribe Capital, with participation from 6.5% senior notes due 2027. Telesat used the net proceeds existing investors Playground Global, Y Combinator, Social from the offering to redeem its $500m aggregate principal Capital, Mark Cuban and other individual investors, bringing to amount outstanding of 8.875% senior notes due 2024. $185m the total amount of capital raised by the company to Eutelsat Selects Thales for EUTELSAT 10B date. According to Relativity, the new funding will enable the company to complete development of its Terran 1 launch On October 29, Eutelsat Communications S.A. announced that vehicle and commence commercial operations in early 2021. it selected Thales Alenia Space to manufacture the all-electric EUTELSAT 10B satellite based on the Spacebus NEO satellite October M&A Round-Up platform. Scheduled for launch in 2022, EUTELSAT 10B will October 25 – EchoStar Corporation announced that its provide mobile connectivity services from 10°E. subsidiary EchoStar Global L.L.C. acquired Helios Wire October Launch Missions and Orders Corporation, a Canadian satellite IoT connectivity provider that holds global S-band MSS spectrum rights. -
Strategic Latency: Red, White, and Blue Managing the National and International Security Consequences of Disruptive Technologies Zachary S
Strategic Latency: Red, White, and Blue Managing the National and International Security Consequences of Disruptive Technologies Zachary S. Davis and Michael Nacht, editors Center for Global Security Research Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory February 2018 Disclaimer: This document was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the United States government. Neither the United States government nor Lawrence Livermore National Security, LLC, nor any of their employees makes any warranty, expressed or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States government or Lawrence Livermore National Security, LLC. The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the United States government or Lawrence Livermore National Security, LLC, and shall not be used for advertising or product endorsement purposes. LLNL-BOOK-746803 Strategic Latency: Red, White, and Blue: Managing the National and International Security Consequences of Disruptive Technologies Zachary S. Davis and Michael Nacht, editors Center for Global Security Research Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory February