Extension of the Temporary Exemption from Applying IFRS 9

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Extension of the Temporary Exemption from Applying IFRS 9 June 2020 IFRS® Standards Extension of the Temporary Exemption from Applying IFRS 9 Amendments to IFRS 4 Extension of the Temporary Exemption from Applying IFRS 9 Amendments to IFRS 4 Extension of the Temporary Exemption from Applying IFRS 9 is issued by the International Accounting Standards Board (Board). Disclaimer: To the extent permitted by applicable law, the Board and the IFRS Foundation (Foundation) expressly disclaim all liability howsoever arising from this publication or any translation thereof whether in contract, tort or otherwise to any person in respect of any claims or losses of any nature including direct, indirect, incidental or consequential loss, punitive damages, penalties or costs. Information contained in this publication does not constitute advice and should not be substituted for the services of an appropriately qualified professional. ISBN: 978-1-911629-76-4 Copyright © 2020 IFRS Foundation All rights reserved. Reproduction and use rights are strictly limited. Please contact the Foundation for further details at [email protected]. Copies of Board publications may be ordered from the Foundation by emailing [email protected] or visiting our shop at https://shop.ifrs.org. The Foundation has trade marks registered around the world (Marks) including ‘IAS®’, ‘IASB®’, the IASB® logo, ‘IFRIC®’, ‘IFRS®’, the IFRS® logo, ‘IFRS for SMEs®’, the IFRS for SMEs® logo, ‘International Accounting Standards®’, ‘International Financial Reporting Standards®’, the ‘Hexagon Device’, ‘NIIF®’ and ‘SIC®’. Further details of the Foundation’s Marks are available from the Foundation on request. The Foundation is a not-for-profit corporation under the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware, USA and operates in England and Wales as an overseas company (Company number: FC023235) with its principal office in the Columbus Building, 7 Westferry Circus, Canary Wharf, London, E14 4HD. EXTENSION OF THE TEMPORARY EXEMPTION FROM APPLYING IFRS 9 CONTENTS from page AMENDMENTS TO IFRS 4 INSURANCE CONTRACTS 4 APPROVAL BY THE BOARD OF EXTENSION OF THE TEMPORARY EXEMPTION FROM APPLYING IFRS 9 ISSUED IN JUNE 2020 5 AMENDMENTS TO THE BASIS FOR CONCLUSIONS ON IFRS 4 INSURANCE CONTRACTS 6 © IFRS Foundation 3 AMENDMENTS TO IFRS 4—JUNE 2020 Amendments to IFRS 4 Insurance Contracts Paragraphs 20A, 20J and 20O are amended. New text is underlined and deleted text is struck through. Temporary exemption from IFRS 9 20A IFRS 9 addresses the accounting for financial instruments and is effective for annual periods beginning on or after 1 January 2018. However, for an insurer that meets the criteria in paragraph 20B, this IFRS provides a temporary exemption that permits, but does not require, the insurer to apply IAS 39 Financial Instruments: Recognition and Measurement rather than IFRS 9 for annual periods beginning before 1 January 20232021. An insurer that applies the temporary exemption from IFRS 9 shall: (a) ... ... 20J If an entity no longer qualifies for the temporary exemption from IFRS 9 as a result of a reassessment (see paragraph 20G(a)), then the entity is permitted to continue to apply the temporary exemption from IFRS 9 only until the end of the annual period that began immediately after that reassessment. Nevertheless, the entity must apply IFRS 9 for annual periods beginning on or after 1 January 20232021. For example, if an entity determines that it no longer qualifies for the temporary exemption from IFRS 9 applying paragraph 20G(a) on 31 December 2018 (the end of its annual period), then the entity is permitted to continue to apply the temporary exemption from IFRS 9 only until 31 December 2019. ... Temporary exemption from specific requirements in IAS 28 20O Paragraphs 35–36 of IAS 28 Investments in Associates and Joint Ventures require an entity to apply uniform accounting policies when using the equity method. Nevertheless, for annual periods beginning before 1 January 20232021, an entity is permitted, but not required, to retain the relevant accounting policies applied by the associate or joint venture as follows: (a) ... ... 4 © IFRS Foundation EXTENSION OF THE TEMPORARY EXEMPTION FROM APPLYING IFRS 9 Approval by the Board of Extension of the Temporary Exemption from Applying IFRS 9 issued in June 2020 Extension of the Temporary Exemption from Applying IFRS 9, which amends IFRS 4, was approved for issue by all 14 members of the International Accounting Standards Board. Hans Hoogervorst Chairman Suzanne Lloyd Vice-Chair Nick Anderson Tadeu Cendon Martin Edelmann Françoise Flores Gary Kabureck Jianqiao Lu Darrel Scott Thomas Scott Chungwoo Suh Rika Suzuki Ann Tarca Mary Tokar © IFRS Foundation 5 AMENDMENTS TO IFRS 4—JUNE 2020 Amendments to the Basis for Conclusions on IFRS 4 Insurance Contracts A footnote is added to the end of paragraphs BC267, BC275 and BC276 as follows. For ease of reading new text is not underlined. Fixed expiry date for the temporary exemption * In June 2020, the Board extended the expiry date for the temporary exemption from IFRS 9 to annual periods beginning on or after 1 January 2023 (see paragraphs BC277A‒BC277C). Paragraphs BC277A‒BC277C are added. For ease of reading new text is not underlined. ... Amendments to IFRS 17 Insurance Contracts BC277A In June 2020, the Board extended the expiry date for the temporary exemption from IFRS 9 by two years to annual periods beginning on or after 1 January 2023. The extension maintains the alignment between the expiry date of the temporary exemption and the effective date of IFRS 17, which replaces IFRS 4. In June 2020, the Board deferred the effective date of IFRS 17 by two years to annual periods beginning on or after 1 January 2023. BC277B The Board was reluctant to extend the temporary exemption beyond 1 January 2021 because doing so results in some entities (including entities with significant holdings of financial assets) first applying IFRS 9 up to five years after other entities. However, the Board noted that in originally introducing a temporary exemption from IFRS 9 for some insurers, it had concluded that, for this limited population of entities, the benefit of the relief provided by the temporary exemption outweighed the disadvantages of delaying the improved information resulting from applying IFRS 9 (see paragraph BC249). For similar reasons, the Board concluded that, on balance, the benefit of extending the availability of the relief to continue to enable some insurers to first apply IFRS 17 and IFRS 9 at the same time outweighs the disadvantages of the additional delay to the application of IFRS 9. BC277C The Board considered whether it should specify additional disclosures as a consequence of extending the expiry date of the temporary exemption. Such disclosures would require insurers applying the temporary exemption to provide additional information about expected credit losses. The Board concluded that adding such disclosures to the requirements in IFRS 4 would be disruptive when many insurers were at a late stage of IFRS 9 and IFRS 17 implementation. 6 © IFRS Foundation IAS® International Financial Reporting Standards® IFRIC® IFRS Foundation® SIC® IFRS® IASB® Contact the IFRS Foundation for details of countries where its trade marks are in use or have been registered. The International Accounting Standards Board is the independent standard-setting body of the IFRS Foundation Columbus Building | 7 Westferry Circus | Canary Wharf London E14 4HD | United Kingdom Telephone: +44 (0)20 7246 6410 Email: [email protected] | Web: www.ifrs.org Publications Department Telephone: +44 (0)20 7332 2730 Email: [email protected].
Recommended publications
  • Impact of IFRS 17 for Insurers
    Impacts of IFRS 17 insurance contracts accounting standard Considerations for data, systems and processes Across the globe, an unprecedented wave of new reporting and regulatory requirements are driving changes that are significantly impacting the way insurers manage their business. The new financial reporting standard IFRS 17 will undoubtedly represent the most significant change to insurance accounting requirements in over 20 years. IFRS 17 is scheduled to be applied for reporting periods starting on or after 1 January 2021. Its dynamics will not only have implications on the financial disclosures of insurers – it will also have profound operational impacts on all aspects of the organization. EY is already supporting many insurers across the globe in implementing IFRS 17 and we can see that the industry faces tough challenges in understanding the operational impacts on data, systems and processes. IFRS 17 requirements trigger questions around: • the fundamental data management strategy, including data quality, storage and archiving • the end-to-end systems architecture design and • the different actuarial, risk and accounting processes that will support the future reporting process and how they will interact In the next years insurers will need to implement significant technical and practical changes in order to appropriately respond to these questions. We believe the most efficient way to approach this will be through an integrated operating model and technology platform for Finance and Actuarial, enabling them to work as one unified team with one seamless calculation and reporting system. We see generally three solution approaches to meet the new data, system and process challenges: 1. Actuarial driven solution - Leverage existing data, system and processes for IFRS 17 and build on MCEV/Solvency II tools and models wherever sensible 2.
    [Show full text]
  • IFRS 9, Financial Instruments Understanding the Basics Introduction
    www.pwc.com/ifrs9 IFRS 9, Financial Instruments Understanding the basics Introduction Revenue isn’t the only new IFRS to worry about for 2018—there is IFRS 9, Financial Instruments, to consider as well. Contrary to widespread belief, IFRS 9 affects more than just financial institutions. Any entity could have significant changes to its financial reporting as the result of this standard. That is certain to be the case for those with long-term loans, equity investments, or any non- vanilla financial assets. It might even be the case for those only holding short- term receivables. It all depends. Possible consequences of IFRS 9 include: • More income statement volatility. IFRS 9 raises the risk that more assets will have to be measured at fair value with changes in fair value recognized in profit and loss as they arise. • Earlier recognition of impairment losses on receivables and loans, including trade receivables. Entities will have to start providing for possible future credit losses in the very first reporting period a loan goes on the books – even if it is highly likely that the asset will be fully collectible. • Significant new disclosure requirements—the more significantly impacted may need new systems and processes to collect the necessary data. IFRS 9 also includes significant new hedging requirements, which we address in a separate publication – Practical guide – General hedge accounting. With careful planning, the changes that IFRS 9 introduces might provide a great opportunity for balance sheet optimization, or enhanced efficiency of the reporting process and cost savings. Left too long, they could lead to some nasty surprises.
    [Show full text]
  • Update IFRS 9: Current Implementation Challenges and Solution Approaches
    Update IFRS 9: Current implementation challenges and solution approaches Risk EMEA conference, 10 May 2017 Implementation of IFRS 9 is much more than just a simple Change in Bank Accounting – enormous changes and challenges to be considered Impact of IFRS 9 on financial institutions Impact of IFRS 9 Challenges for Top Management IFRS 9 Accounting rules will replace actual Standard IAS 39 per 1.1.2018 GET guidance for IFRS 9 defines new standards for P&L & equity impact financial instruments with significant 1 impact on financial institutions FOSTER co-operation IFRS 9 directly affects P&L and Strong Impact between Risk and balance sheet positions, regulatory of IFRS 9 Finance function capital and major KPIs challenges Top In addition, due to numerous new Management MANAGE high change regulatory requirements business, and run the bank costs process and IT dependencies with IFRS 9 need to proactively considered and managed PREPARE EBA “stress test” 2018 with focus Therefore a change management for on IFRS 9 impact the organization, processes and IT landscape is necessary 1 With new requirements for the insurance contract insurance companies have a longer transition period with 2021. Big players have started in 2017 with goal to complete in 2018. Source: zeb Risk EMEA Conference 2017 20170510_IFRS 9 impact - 2 IFRS 9 implies significant economic and organizational impact on banks which report their financial statements according to IFRS IFRS 9 impact on banks Based on EBA Impact Study Survey results based on a sample of 58 institutions zeb view 1 CET1 ratio is estimated to decrease on “What effect does IFRS 9 have on existing equity?” average by up to 80 bps and total capital Equity <-10 bps >-70bps ratio by up to 50 bps.
    [Show full text]
  • IFRS 4 Phase II Examples for Short Term Insurance
    IFRS 4 Phase II Examples for Short Term Insurance Karl Meissner-Roloff November 2014 Discussion points • Areas considered / Scope • Valuation Method - considerations in application • Product based examples • Concluding remarks Disclaimer Contents of this presentation represent my own views and not that of my employer. Areas considered in this presentation represent on a portion of the changes required under IFRS4 Phase II and should therefore not be taken as an exhaustive demonstration of all requirements. Scope / Approach • Consideration of a few typical Short Term (ST) insurance contracts • Simple examples used to illustrate points – does not cover all eventualities • Identify some of the considerations / pitfalls in switching from existing practice to IFRS4 Phase II • Not going to go into details of OCI – but something that can be used for ST insurers Valuation Method Building Block Approach (BBA) Principles Block 3: The unearned profit the insurer Contractual Service Margin expects to earn as it fulfils the contract • Current The amount between a Block 2: certain and an • Represent fulfilment of obligations Risk Adjustment uncertain liability under the contract • Discounting Amounts the insurer expects to collect from premiums and pay out as it • Risk adjustment Block 1: acquires, services and settles the contract Present Value of Best Estimate Use a discount rate to • Contractual service margin Fulfilment Cashflows adjust the cash flows for the time value of money Valuation Method Premium Allocation Approach (PAA) • What is it? Approach which is very similar to current 365ths method for UPP • When can it be used? “Practical Expedient” for cases where: – Term less than 1 year (and thus also no discounting) – Results would resemble Building Block Approach • Where can it be used? Only for ‘unearned’ portion of premium Example 1 Monthly Policy – e.g.
    [Show full text]
  • VALUE IFRS Plc Illustrative IFRS Consolidated Financial Statements December 2019
    VALUE IFRS Plc Illustrative IFRS consolidated financial statements December 2019 This publication presents the sample annual financial reports of a fictional listed company, VALUE IFRS Plc. It illustrates the financial reporting requirements that would apply to such a company under International Financial Reporting Standards as issued at 31 May 2019. Supporting commentary is also provided. For the purposes of this publication, VALUE IFRS Plc is listed on a fictive Stock Exchange and is the parent entity in a consolidated entity. VALUE IFRS Plc 2019 is for illustrative purposes only and should be used in conjunction with the relevant financial reporting standards and any other reporting pronouncements and legislation applicable in specific jurisdictions. Global Accounting Consulting Services PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP This content is for general information purposes only, and should not be used as a substitute for consultation with professional advisors. About PwC At PwC, our purpose is to build trust in society and solve important problems. We're a network of firms in 158 countries with more than 250,000 people who are committed to delivering quality in assurance, advisory and tax services. Find out more and tell us what matters to you by visiting us at www.pwc.com © 2019 PwC. All rights reserved. PwC refers to the PwC network and/or one or more of its member firms, each of which is a separate legal entity. Please see www.pwc.com/structure for further details. VALUE IFRS Plc Illustrative IFRS consolidated financial statements December
    [Show full text]
  • General Insurers Should Not Ignore IFRS 4 Phase II
    General insurers should not ignore IFRS 4 Phase II The IASB believe that they are close to finalising IFRS 4 Phase II, accounting for insurance contracts. Do you write multi-year contracts? The long germination period, conflicting priorities (such as Solvency II in Europe) and a view that Eligibility for the simplified there will be limited impact for general insurers, mean that many insurers in this sector have yet to approach may be tougher than begin to consider the implications of the new standard. However, we recommend that general you think. insurance companies consider the potential impact and assess the expected scale of the Are you undertaking, or planning, implementation effort in order to avoid late surprises. systems or data projects? Efficient project management should build in Phase II awareness. Background Who should be acting now and why? • A new IFRS standard for insurance contract accounting (IFRS 4 Phase The type of business written will drive the accounting models available. This II or ‘Phase II’) has been under development for 18 years and so reports will influence the expected financial and operational impact of its approaching arrival might understandably be met with some • Insurers will need to assess the extent to which the simplified approach can be used scepticism. and, if so, whether it is the optimal choice for the insurer. • However, the IASB have indicated that the standard is close to finalisation • Any general insurer writing multi-year policies may have to apply the standard Phase and hope to issue it next year which would suggest an effective date of II model (the Building Block Approach, “BBA”) rather than the simplified Premium around 2020.
    [Show full text]
  • IFRS 4 Profit Reporting for South African Life Insurance Contracts
    IFRS 4 profit reporting for South African life insurance contracts By Szymon Marszalek, Peter Tripe and Dave Strugnell Presented at the Actuarial Society of South Africa’s 2013 Convention 31 October–1 November 2013, Sandton Convention Centre ABSTRACT Nearly 20 years after inception, the Insurance Accounting project of the International Accounting Standard Board (IASB) is nearing completion. The recently published June 2013 IFRS 4 Exposure Draft represents a likely picture of the future of global insurance accounting and it is important that insurers begin to understand and prepare for the changes it will bring. This paper explores the key principles and likely impacts of the IFRS 4 Phase II standard, in its current proposed form, in the South African life insurance context. In particular, the proposed IFRS 4 Phase II approach to profit reporting is contrasted with the current Financial Soundness Valuation (FSV) approach for simple illustrative term and endowment assurance products. The results of this comparison are used to identify and discuss the major impacts which the new profit reporting standard will have on insurance contract liabilities and hence profit profiles over time. This paper focuses on key areas where there is a high degree of certainty in the exposure draft, and touches more lightly on those areas where change is still expected. The findings of the paper indicate that a greater degree of profit deferment and initial strain will occur under IFRS 4 for profitable policies, however marginally profitable and unprofitable policies may have less profit deferment and initial strain than currently under the FSV approach. IFRS 4 will also reduce the discretion which insurers have in introducing additional profit deferment and will thereby serve to increase comparability between insurer financial results.
    [Show full text]
  • IAS 7 STATEMENT of CASH FLOWS Contents 1
    IFRS IN PRACTICE 2019-2020: IAS 7 STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS Contents 1. Introduction 4 2. Definition of cash and cash equivalents 5 2.1. Demand deposits 5 2.2. Short term maturity 6 2.3. Investments in equity instruments 6 2.4. Changes in liquidity and risk 6 2.5 Cryptocurrencies 6 2.6 Short-term credit lending and cash and cash equivalent classification 7 3. Restricted cash and cash equivalent balances – disclosure requirements 8 3.1. Interaction with IAS 1 8 4. Classification of cash flows as operating, investing or financing 9 4.1. Operating activities 9 4.2. Investing activities 9 4.3. Financing activities 9 4.3.1. Disclosure of changes in liabilities arising from financing activities 10 4.4. Classification of interest and dividends 10 4.5. Common classification errors in practice 11 5. Offsetting cash inflows and outflows in the statement of cash flows 13 5.1. Effect of bank overdrafts on the carrying amount of cash and cash equivalents 13 5.2. Refinancing of borrowings with a new lender 14 6. Presentation of operating cash flows using the direct or indirect method 15 7. Income taxes and sales taxes 16 8. Foreign exchange 17 8.1. Worked example – foreign currency translation 17 9. Group cash pooling arrangements in an entity’s separate financial statements 20 10. Securities and loans held for dealing or trading 22 11. Classification of cash flows arising from a derivative used in an economic hedge 23 12. Revenue from Contracts with Customers 24 13. Leases 25 13.1. Payments made on inception of a lease 25 13.2.
    [Show full text]
  • Ifrs-9-Presentation-Of-Interest-Revenue-For-Particular-Financial-Instruments-Mar-18.Pdf
    Presentation of interest revenue for particular financial instruments (IFRS 9 Financial Instruments and IAS 1 Presentation of Financial Statements)—March 2018 The Committee received a request about the effect of the consequential amendment that IFRS 9 made to paragraph 82(a) of IAS 1. That consequential amendment requires an entity to present separately, in the profit or loss section of the statement of comprehensive income or in the statement of profit or loss, interest revenue calculated using the effective interest method. The request asked whether that requirement affects the presentation of fair value gains and losses on derivative instruments that are not part of a designated and effective hedging relationship (applying the hedge accounting requirements in IFRS 9 or IAS 39 Financial Instruments: Recognition and Measurement). Appendix A to IFRS 9 defines the term ‘effective interest method’ and other related terms. Those interrelated terms pertain to the requirements in IFRS 9 for amortised cost measurement and the expected credit loss impairment model. In relation to financial assets, the Committee observed that the effective interest method is a measurement technique whose purpose is to calculate amortised cost and allocate interest revenue over the relevant time period. The Committee also observed that the expected credit loss impairment model in IFRS 9 is part of, and interlinked with, amortised cost accounting. The Committee noted that amortised cost accounting, including interest revenue calculated using the effective interest method and credit losses calculated using the expected credit loss impairment model, is applied only to financial assets that are subsequently measured at amortised cost or fair value through other comprehensive income.
    [Show full text]
  • IFRS 4 Phase II Applying IFRS 9 Financial Instruments with IFRS 4 Insurance Contracts: Update
    Milliman Briefing Note IFRS 4 Phase II Applying IFRS 9 Financial Instruments with IFRS 4 Insurance Contracts: Update Ernst Visser | William Hines | Kurt Lambrechts In this update, we discuss the board’s decisions with respect to amendments in International Financial Reporting Standard (IFRS) 4 Insurance Contracts which were made because of transition issues arising from the different effective dates of IFRS 9 Financial Instruments and the forthcoming replacement of the current standard IFRS 4 Insurance Contracts. This briefing note is an update of our January 2016 briefing note. INTRODUCTION income to remove any additional accounting volatility that may arise from qualifying financial The revised insurance contract accounting standard assets. The second option is called the 'deferral of the International Accounting Standards Board approach' and is available to entities whose (IASB) will not be mandatorily effective before 2020, predominant activity is issuing insurance contracts. while the new standard IFRS 9 Financial This approach provides for a temporary exemption Instruments, which replaces IAS 39, will be effective from applying IFRS 9. on 1 January 2018. Because of this, there will be two consecutive major accounting changes in a short THE OVERLAY APPROACH period of years. IFRS 9 will apply along with the current IFRS 4 Insurance Contracts accounting The overlay approach may be applied by all entities standard. In December 2015 the IASB has issued an from January 2018. Under the overlay approach, an Exposure Draft (ED) on this topic, which we entity would apply IFRS 9 from its effective date but discussed in our January 2016 Briefing Note. The would be allowed at its option to reclassify from profit final amendments to IFRS 4 are expected in and loss (P&L) to other comprehensive income (OCI) September 2016.
    [Show full text]
  • Key Highlights of IFRS 15 and IFRS 9 for the Asset Management Sector
    HeadlineKey highlights Verdana of IFRSBold 15 and IFRS 9 for the asset management sector Malta Asset Management Forum 2018 27 November 2018 IFRS 15 A high level overview © 2018. For information, contact Deloitte Malta. Key highlights of IFRS 15 and IFRS 9 2 IFRS 15 – A high level overview Effective date The new revenue recognition standard is effective from 1 January 2018. Scope IFRS 15 Revenue from Contracts with Customers (“IFRS 15”) prescribes the accounting requirements for all contracts to provide goods or services to customers, unless the contract falls within the scope of another IFRS. Core principle IFRS 15 provides five steps that entities need to follow in accounting for revenue transactions. Recognition Recognition Measurement Measurement Recognition Para. 22–30 Para. 9–21 Para. 46–72 Para. 73–90 Para. 31–45 Recognise Identify the Identify the Allocate the revenue when (or performance Determine the contract with a transaction price as) the entity obligations in the transaction price customer to performance satisfies a contract (Step 3) obligations performance (Step 1) (Step 2) (Step 4) obligation (Step 5) © 2018. For information, contact Deloitte Malta. Key highlights of IFRS 15 and IFRS 9 3 IFRS 15 – A high level overview Step 1 Step 2 Step 3 Step 4 Step 5 Step 1: Identify the contract A legally enforceable contract (including oral or implied) must meet ALL of the following requirements: Contracts are approved and the parties are committed to perform Each party’s rights can be identified Payment terms can be identified Commercial substance It is probable that the entity will collect the consideration to which it will be entitled A contract is outside the scope if: AND Each party can unilaterally terminate the The contract is wholly unperformed contract without compensation © 2018.
    [Show full text]
  • Applying IFRS
    Applying IFRS Impairment of financial instruments under IFRS 9 April 2018 Contents In this issue: 1 Introduction ........................................................................... 6 1.1 Brief history and background of the impairment project .......................................................................... 6 1.2 Overview of IFRS 9 impairment requirements .................... 9 1.3 Key changes from the IAS 39 impairment requirements and the impact and implications ................. 11 1.4 Key differences from the FASB’s standard ....................... 13 1.5 The IFRS Transition Resource Group for Impairment of Financial Instruments (ITG) and IASB webcasts ............ 14 1.6 Other guidance on expected credit losses ........................ 17 2 Scope .................................................................................. 18 3 Approaches .......................................................................... 18 3.1 General approach ......................................................... 19 3.2 Simplified approach ...................................................... 21 3.3 Purchased or originated credit-impaired financial assets ......................................................................... 23 4 Measurement of expected credit losses ................................... 25 4.1 Definition of default ...................................................... 26 4.2 Lifetime expected credit losses ...................................... 26 4.3 12-month expected credit losses ...................................
    [Show full text]