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Reveal Chat Holdco V. Facebook

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Reveal Chat Holdco V. Facebook Case 4:20-cv-00363-KAW Document 1 Filed 01/16/20 Page 1 of 110 1 PIERCE BAINBRIDGE BECK PRICE & HECHT LLP 2 YAVAR BATHAEE (CA 282388) 3 [email protected] MICHAEL POMERANTZ (NY 2920932) (pro hac vice forthcoming) 4 [email protected] 5 DAVID L. HECHT (NY 4695961) (pro hac vice forthcoming) [email protected] 6 ADAM C. LUDEMANN (NY 5352323) (pro hac vice forthcoming) [email protected] 7 277 Park Ave. 45th Floor 8 New York, NY 10172 (212) 484-9866 9 BRIAN J. DUNNE (CA 275689) 10 [email protected] 355 S. Grand Ave. 44th Floor 11 Los Angeles, CA 90071 12 (213) 262-9333 13 Attorneys for Plaintiffs 14 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT NORTHERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA 15 16 REVEAL CHAT HOLDCO LLC, a Case No. 3:20-cv-363 Delaware limited liability company, USA 17 TECHNOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT SERVICES, INC. (d/b/a Lenddo USA), a 18 Delaware corporation, CIR.CL, INC., a dissolved Delaware corporation, and CLASS ACTION COMPLAINT 19 BEEHIVE BIOMETRIC, INC., a dissolved Delaware corporation, 20 21 Plaintiffs, 22 v. 23 FACEBOOK, INC., a Delaware Jury Trial Demanded corporation, 24 Defendant. 25 26 27 28 Class Action Complaint Case 4:20-cv-00363-KAW Document 1 Filed 01/16/20 Page 2 of 110 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS 2 INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................................................... 1 3 PARTIES ....................................................................................................................................... 5 4 I. PLAINTIFFS ..................................................................................................................... 5 5 II. DEFENDANT .................................................................................................................... 7 6 JURISDICTION AND VENUE .................................................................................................... 8 7 FACTS ........................................................................................................................................... 9 8 I. FACEBOOK EMERGES AS THE DOMINANT SOCIAL NETWORK ........................ 9 9 A. The Last Social Network Standing ........................................................................ 9 10 B. A New Market of Its Own Creation ..................................................................... 11 11 C. The Social Data Barrier to Entry ......................................................................... 14 12 13 D. Google’s Failed Entry into the Social Data Market ............................................. 16 14 II. A THREAT TO FACEBOOK’S MONOPOLY: THE RISE OF SMART PHONES AND MOBILE APPS ............................................... 19 15 A. The Mobile App Revolution ................................................................................ 19 16 B. Facebook Recognizes the Looming Threat Presented by 17 Mobile Applications.............................................................................................. 23 18 C. The Facebook Platform ........................................................................................ 25 19 D. The Profitable Open Graph Platform and Mobile Install Business ..................... 27 20 III. FACEBOOK WEAPONIZES ITS PLATFORM TO 21 DESTROY COMPETITION ........................................................................................... 30 22 A. Facebook Makes Plans to Remove Vital Friends and News Feed APIs and Refuses to Sell Social Data to Competing Application Developers .................... 30 23 B. Facebook’s Social-Data Heist .............................................................................. 32 24 25 C. Facebook Targets Its Competitors for Reciprocity or Denial of API Access ...... 37 26 D. The Decision to Remove Developer Access to the Friends, News Feed and Other Crucial APIs Lacked Any Legitimate Justification .................... 41 27 28 -i- Class Action Complaint Case 4:20-cv-00363-KAW Document 1 Filed 01/16/20 Page 3 of 110 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 (continued) 2 E. Facebook Prepares to Announce Removal of the APIs ....................................... 46 3 F. The Announcement at F8 ..................................................................................... 50 4 IV. THE WHITELIST AND DATA SHARING AGREEMENTS ....................................... 51 5 V. THE SURVEILLANCE AND ACQUISITION OF 6 COMPETITIVE THREATS ............................................................................................. 55 7 A. Facebook Relies on Onavo’s Surveillance of Facebook’s Competitors, and 8 Acquires and Uses Onavo’s Assets ...................................................................... 56 9 B. Facebook Identifies Instagram as a Threat and Acquires the Company ......................................................................................... 60 10 C. Facebook Acquires WhatsApp ............................................................................ 66 11 VI. FACEBOOK’S INTEGRATION OF INSTAGRAM AND WHATSAPP 12 WITH ITS FACEBOOK PRODUCT .............................................................................. 71 13 VII. THE RELEVANT MARKETS......................................................................................... 77 14 A. The Social Data Market ....................................................................................... 77 15 B. The Social Advertising Market ............................................................................ 83 16 C. Barriers to Entry ................................................................................................... 85 17 D. Relevant Geographic Markets ............................................................................... 87 18 VIII. HARM TO COMPETITION AND ANTITRUST INJURY ............................................ 88 19 CONCEALMENT AND TOLLING ............................................................................................ 94 20 21 CLASS ACTION ALLEGATIONS ............................................................................................. 94 22 CLAIMS FOR RELIEF ................................................................................................................ 99 23 PRAYER FOR RELIEF ............................................................................................................. 106 24 JURY DEMAND ........................................................................................................................ 107 25 26 27 28 -ii- Class Action Complaint Case 4:20-cv-00363-KAW Document 1 Filed 01/16/20 Page 4 of 110 1 1. Plaintiffs allege the following on behalf of themselves and others similarly situated 2 on information and belief based on the review of only public documents and information. All 3 references to internal Facebook documents are exclusively to those published by news 4 organizations and other public sources, particularly NBC News.1 Neither Plaintiffs nor the 5 undersigned counsel viewed or received, or even had access to, any confidential information about 6 Facebook at the time this complaint was filed. 7 INTRODUCTION 8 2. This action seeks to halt the most brazen, willful anticompetitive scheme in a 9 generation—a scheme that verges on final, irreparable completion as of the date of this Complaint. 10 3. Facebook stands today as a paragon of unbridled market power. A company with 11 unprecedented reach, Facebook collects and monetizes the activity of more than two billion active 12 users around the world. Facebook’s advertising juggernaut produces almost $55 billion in revenue 13 in a year, and its founder and CEO, Mark Zuckerberg, enjoys incontestable control over the 14 company and its board. Facebook owns some of the most valuable social networks other than 15 Facebook itself, including Instagram and WhatsApp. As 2020 begins in earnest, Facebook has no 16 serious rival in its key markets—nor any prospect of one. 17 4. It was not always so. In 2010, when Facebook defeated rivals MySpace and 18 Friendster and emerged as the winner of the social network wars, the company was caught 19 flatfooted by a new technology that threatened its dominance—smartphones. 20 5. Facebook’s dominance had been fortified by powerful network effects—the more 21 data it collected on users, the more attractive its social network became to users. As a result, a 22 social data barrier to entry (“SDBE”) emerged, protecting Facebook’s business. This SDBE 23 24 1 As of the date of this complaint, NBC’s documents were available at 25 https://dataviz.nbcnews.com/projects/20191104-facebook-leaked-documents/as https://dataviz.nbcnews.com/projects/20191104-facebook-leaked-documents/assets/facebook- 26 exhibits.pdfsets/facebook-sealed-exhibits.pdf; and https://dataviz.nbcnews.com/projects/20191104-facebook-leaked-documents/assets/facebook- 27 exhibits.pdf. 28 -1- Class Action Complaint Case 4:20-cv-00363-KAW Document 1 Filed 01/16/20 Page 5 of 110 1 allowed Facebook to fend off a frontal assault by Google’s polished social network, Google+. 2 Google, with its massive resources and user base, failed to penetrate the SDBE, and Google 3 abandoned the project after it was clear that users were not engaging on its platform. 4 6. Smartphones, however, were different. Significant advances in mobile technology 5 allowed users to access the internet from any location, on user interfaces controlled by touch, 6 providing a distinct experience from desktop or laptop computers. Special-purpose apps designed 7 specifically for smart phones could not
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