Respiratory Block

Anatomy Practical team - Med 439 the information in this file is based on the things that was given during practical sessions along with doctors’ notes

To ensure your grade on each question : 1-Make sure your SPELLING is correct 2-Make sure you write the FULL name or location of the object precisely Floor of nasal cavity

The floor of the nasal cavity = the roof of the oral cavity

Picture Hard

The is formed by the palatine process of maxilla and the palatine bone. Medial wall (Nasal septum)

separate the nasal cavity into two halves, each septum contain:

Vertical (perpendicular) plate of ethmoid

Vomer Septal cartilage Picture Roof of nasal cavity

Body of Cribriform plate sphenoid of ethmoid bone

Nasal bone Frontal bone

Cartilage Lateral wall of nasal cavity

Superior Middle Picture conchae conchae Inferior conchae Lateral wall of nasal cavity

Inferior meatus Middle meatus Superior meatus Sphenoethmoidal receives secretions from receives secretions receives secretions from recess middle ethmoidal, from the posterior ethmoidal receives secretions from maxillary, frontal & the nasolacrimal duct sinus sphenoidal sinus anterior ethmoidal sinuses Lateral wall of nasal cavity

Paranasal sinuses

Frontal sinus Posterior ethmoidal sinus Anterior ethmoidal drain into sinus the superior meatus Picture Middle Sphenoidal sinus ethmoidal drain into sinus Sphenoethmoidal recess

All these sinuses drain into the middle meatus It is a muscular tube lying behind the nose, oral cavity & larynx.

It extends from the base of the skull to level of the 6th cervical vertebra.

Pharynx is divided into three parts :

Nasopharynx Oropharynx Laryngopharynx

Extends from the Extends from soft Extends from base of skull to palate to upper upper border of the border of to lower epiglottis. border of cricoid cartilage. Nasopharynx

Structures in the nasopharynx:

1. the opening of the auditory tube: in the lateral wall of the nasopharynx just posterior to the inferior meatus of the nasal cavity. ﺗﻘدرون ﺗﺣددوﻧﮭﺎ ﻣن ﺧﻼل أﻧﻛم ﺗﺣددون اﻟـ Inferior conchae وﺑﻌدھﺎ ﺗﻣﺷون ﻋﻠﻰ اﻣﺗدادھﺎ ﻟﺣد ﻣﺎ ﺗوﺻﻠون ﻟﻠﻔﺗﺣﺔ

2. tubal elevation (Torus tubarius): mucosal elevation in the lateral wall of the nasopharynx, produced by posterior margin of the auditory tube. Picture راح ﺗﻛون ﻓوق اﻟﻔﺗﺣﺔ ﻣﺑﺎﺷرة

3. Salpingopharyngeal fold: extend inferiorly from the tubal elevation, and covers the salpingopharyngeus muscle.

4. Pharyngeal recess: behind the ostium of the auditory tube.

5. Pharyngeal : behind the nasal cavity, in the roof of the nasopharynx, where the nose blends into the . Oropharynx

Structures in the oropharynx:

1. Palatine uvula: a conic projection from the back edge of the middle of the soft palate.

2. Palatoglossal fold: a fold of that starts from the soft palate and, runs downward, lateral, and forward to the side of the base of the

3. Palatopharyngeal fold: it runs downward, laterally, and backward to the side of the pharynx.

4. : between the palatoglossal fold and the palatopharyngeal fold. اﻟﺻور ﺑدون ﺗﺣدﯾد Larynx Single cartilages

1. Epiglottis 2. Thyroid 3. Cricoid is a leaf-shaped flap of in front of the larynx and a ring of cartilage , and cartilage located behind the above the thyroid gland, it located near the middle and tongue, at the top of the has a prominence in the mid center of the neck. larynx. anterior (adam’s apple).

Folds

1. aryepiglottic 2. Vestibular fold 3. Vocal fold the false vocal cord, it is attached the true vocal cord, it is attached fold in front to the angle of the thyroid posteriorly to the arytenoid is located at the entrance of the cartilage below the epiglottis, and cartilages, and anteriorly to the larynx, extending from the lateral behind to the antero-lateral thyroid cartilage. borders of the epiglottis to the surface of the arytenoid cartilage arytenoid cartilages

Other structures

Ventricle Piriform fossa between vestibular & vocal folds. The internal laryngeal & recurrent laryngeal nerves lies deep to it اﻟﺻور ﺑدون ﺗﺣدﯾد Don’t stop until you are proud.

Team Members: Team Leaders: - Rania Almutiri - Renad Alhomaidi - Duaa Alhumoudi - Bassam Alasmari - Nourah Alklaib - Khalid Alosaimii - Arwa Alqahtani - Hadi Alhemsi - Norah Alasheikh - Abdulrahman Addweesh - Najd Alzahrani - Abdulmalik Mokhtar - Fatimah Alhelal - Samar Almohammedi