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Emreahmetseçmenyltez.Pdf (1.433Mb) T.C. ĠSTANBUL KÜLTÜR ÜNĠVERSĠTESĠ SOSYAL BĠLĠMLER ENSTĠTÜSÜ SĠNEMADA SÜPER-KAHRAMANLIK ĠMGESĠ VE INDIANA JONES FĠLMLERĠ ÖRNEĞĠ YÜKSEK LĠSANS TEZĠ EMRE AHMET SEÇMEN 1110060008 Anabilim Dalı : Ġletişim Tasarımı Programı : Ġletişim Tasarımı TEMMUZ 2014 T.C. ĠSTANBUL KÜLTÜR ÜNĠVERSĠTESĠ SOSYAL BĠLĠMLER ENSTĠTÜSÜ SĠNEMADA SÜPER-KAHRAMANLIK ĠMGESĠ VE INDIANA JONES FĠLMLERĠ ÖRNEĞĠ YÜKSEK LĠSANS TEZĠ EMRE AHMET SEÇMEN 1110060008 Tezin Enstitüye Verildiği Tarih : Tezin Savunulduğu Tarih : Tez Danışmanı : Prof. Dr. Selçuk HÜNERLĠ Diğer Jüri Üyeleri : TEMMUZ 2014 ÖNSÖZ Tez çalışmasında, sinemada süper kahraman imgesinin nasıl kullanılıp, uyarlandığı ve 80 ler döneminin önemli sinemasal ikonlarından olan Indiana Jones karakterinin bir süper kahraman olup olmadığı araştırılıp tartışılmıştır. Tezde; Kahraman, süper kahraman ve anti kahraman kavramlarının tanımlanması, farklı araştırmalardan yola çıkan kahramanın yolculuk haritalarının açıklanması, Indiana Jones karakterinin Carl Gustav Jung ‘a göre çözümlenmesi, Indiana Jones karakterinin kahraman veya süper kahraman kavramlarından hangisine daha yakın olduğunun değerlendirilmesi ve konuları temel başlıklar olarak araştırılmıştır. Bu çalışmamda emeği geçen tez danışmanım Sayın Prof. Dr. Selçuk HÜNERLİ 'ye, akademisyenlik mesleğini bana sevdiren ve her zaman yanımda olan Sayın Doç. Dr. Cenk DEMİRKIRAN ve Sayın Yrd. Doç. Dr. Aslı GÜNGÖR' e, araştırmam süresince kütüphanesinde kaynak tarayan dedem Sayın Hüseyin SEÇMEN 'e, doktora tezinden fazlasıyla yararlandığım Sayın Arş. Gör. Dr. Özgür Uğraş AKGÜN 'e, yüksek lisans tezi ile çalışmama yardımcı olan Sayın Arş. Gör. Seda ŞEN 'e, hiçbir zaman desteğini esirgemeyen Sayın Yrd. Doç. Dr. Esra Gülay ER 'e, Öğr. Gör. Dr. Kenan DUMAN ' a, çok değerli arkadaşım Ömür KINAY ‘a ve her zaman yanımda olan ve beni destekleyen sevgili hayat arkadaşım Berna SEÇMEN 'e çok teşekkür ederim. Temmuz, 2014 Emre Ahmet SEÇMEN i ĠÇĠNDEKĠLER……………………………………………………………………………….ii TÜRKÇE ÖZET………………………………………………………………………….......iv YABANCI DĠL ÖZET………………………………………………………………………..v 1. GĠRĠġ……………………………………………………………………………………….1 2. KAHRAMAN VE SÜPER KAHRAMAN OLGUSU…………………………………..3 2.1 AraĢtırmanın Amacı, Önemi, Yöntemi…….…………………………………………3 2.1.1 Sözlü Kültür Anlatıları : Mit ve Masal…………………………………………3 2.1.2 Kahraman……………………………………………………………………….11 2.1.2.1 Kahraman Nedir?...................................................................................11 2.1.2.2 Kahramanın Özellikleri……………………………………………......16 2.1.3 Süper Kahraman………………………………………………………………..22 2.1.3.1 Süper Kahraman Nedir?........................................................................22 2.1.3.2 Süper Kahramanın Özellikleri ve Yaratılma Sebepleri……………..25 2.1.4 Sinemada Süper Kahraman Olgusu…………………………………………...35 2.1.4.1 Sinemaya Aktarılan Süper Kahraman Karakterler…………………40 2.1.4.1.1 Süper Güçlere Sahip Olan Süper Kahramanlar…………...40 2.1.4.1.2 Süper Güçleri Olmayan Süper Kahramanlar……………...46 2.1.5 Anti Kahraman…………………………………………………………………49 3. KAHRAMANIN VE SÜPER-KAHRAMANIN YOLCULUĞU MODELLERĠ…......52 3.1 AraĢtırmanın Amacı, Önemi, Yöntemi…….………..………………………………52 3.1.1 Joseph Campbell ve Kahramanın Yolculuğu…………………………………52 3.1.2 Vladimir Propp ve Masalın Biçimbilimi………………………………………58 3.1.3 Carl Gustav Jung ve Kahramanın Yolculuk Haritası………………………..62 3.1.4 Christopher Vogler ve Kahramanın Yolculuğu………………………………68 4. INDIANA JONES KARAKTERĠNĠN YARATIM SÜRECĠ, FĠLMLERĠ, DĠZĠLERĠ VE DĠĞER KARAKTERLERĠ……………………………………………………………71 4.1 AraĢtırmanın Amacı, Önemi, Yöntemi.……………………………………………..71 4.1.1 Indiana Jones Karakterinin Yaratılması……………………………………...72 4.1.2 Indiana Jones Filmleri………………………………………………………….81 ii 4.1.2.1 Raiders of Lost Ark : Kutsal Hazine Avcıları………………………...81 4.1.2.2 The Temple of Doom : Kamçılı Adam………………………………...84 4.1.2.3 The Last Crusade : Son Macera……………………………………….86 4.1.2.4 The Kingdom of The Crystal Skull : Kristal Kafatası Krallığı……...90 4.1.3 The Young Indiana Jones Chronicles : Genç Indiana Jones Günlükleri TV Dizisi……………………………………………………………93 4.1.4 Indiana Jones Filmlerindeki Diğer Karakterler……………………………...94 4.1.4.1 Raiders of Lost Ark : Kutsal Hazine Avcıları………………………..94 4.1.4.2 The Temple of Doom : Kamçılı Adam………………………………..96 4.1.4.3 The Last Crusade : Son Macera………………………………………97 4.1.4.4 The Kingdom of The Crystal Skull : Kristal Kafatası Krallığı……..99 5. INDIANA JONES KARAKTERĠNĠN CARL GUSTAV JUNG ‘UN YOLCULUK HARĠTASINA GÖRE ĠNCELENMESĠ………………………………………………....101 5.1 AraĢtırmanın Amacı, Önemi, Yöntemi….………………………………………...101 5.2 Indiana Jones Karakterinin Carl Gustav Jung ‘un Yolculuk Haritasına Göre Ġncelenmesi……………………………………………………………………102 5.2.1 Raiders of Lost Ark : Kutsal Hazine Avcıları………………………………102 5.2.2 The Temple of Doom : Kamçılı Adam………………………………………108 5.2.3 The Last Crusade : Son Macera……………………………………………..112 5.2.4 The Kingdom of The Crystal Skull : Kristal Kafatası Krallığı……………117 6. INDIANA JONES KARAKTERĠNĠN KAHRAMAN VE SÜPER KAHRAMAN OLARAK ÇÖZÜMLENMESĠ……………………………………………………………121 6.1 AraĢtırmanın Amacı, Önemi, Yöntemi….…………………………………………121 6.1.1 Indiana Jones Karakterinin Kahraman Tanımına Göre Değerlendirilmesi…………………………………………………………...…121 6.1.2 Indiana Jones Karakterinin Süper Kahraman Tanımına Göre Değerlendirilmesi……………………………………………………………...124 7. SONUÇ…………………………………………………………………………………..127 KAYNAKÇA………………………………………………………………………………131 iii Üniversite : T.C. Ġstanbul Kültür Üniversitesi Enstitü : Sosyal Bilimler Anabilim Dalı : Ġletişim Tasarımı Programı : Ġletişim Tasarımı Tez Danışmanı : Prof. Dr. Selçuk Hünerli Tez Türü ve Tarihi : Yükseklisans - Temmuz 2014 KISA ÖZET SĠNEMADA SÜPER-KAHRAMANLIK ĠMGESĠ VE INDIANA JONES FĠLMLERĠ ÖRNEĞĠ Emre Ahmet Seçmen Bu çalışmada sinemada süper kahramanlık imgesinin nasıl kullanıldığı, kahramanın yol haritası ile ilgili çalışmalar yapan isimlerden Carl Gustav Jung‘un modeline göre incelenmiştir. Örnek olarak alınan Indiana Jones karakterinin, Jung‘un arketipleri üzerinden değerlendirilmiş; bir kahraman ve süper kahraman olarak bu kavramların tanım ve açıklamalarına bağlı olarak, benzerlikleri ve farklılıklarıyla ele alınmıştır. Sözlü anlatı türleri olan mit, masal, monomit, arketip vb. temel yapıtaşları ile Joseph Campbell, Vladimir Propp, Carl Gustav Jung ve Christopher Vogler gibi kahramanın yolculuk haritası üzerine bilimsel araştırmalar yapan isimlere ait modellerin, günümüz süper kahraman hikaye, roman, film gibi araçlara nasıl destek sağladığı incelemiştir. Süper kahramanların ilk çıkış noktasından başlayarak sinemaya girişleri; sinemasallaştırılma aşamasında nasıl bir değişikliğe uğradıkları, sinemada nasıl bir yer edindikleri tartışılmıştır. Kamçılı arkeoloji profesörü olarak sunulan Indiana Jones karakterinin, Carl Gustav Jung ‘a ait arketipler olarak adlandırılan hikaye biçimi ve kahramanın yolculuk haritası üzerinden değerlendirilmesi; karakterin bir süper kahraman, kahraman olgularına yakınlığı ve uzaklığı tartışılarak bu karakterin üzerinde çalışılan terimlerden hangisi olduğunun veya olmadığının sonucuna varılmıştır. Anahtar Sözcükler: Kahraman, Süper Kahraman, Mit, Masal, Indiana Jones, Arketip, Jung iv University : Istanbul Kültür University Institute : Social Sciences Department : Communication Design Program : Communication Design Supervisor : Prof. Dr. Selçuk Hünerli Degree Awarded and Date : MA - July 2014 ABSTRACT THE CONCEPT OF SUPERHERO IN CINEMA, AND INDIANA JONES MOVIES Emre Ahmet Seçmen In this study, the use of superhero image in cinema is analyzed with regards to the models of researchers like Carl Gustav Jung who have previously studied the roadmap of superheroes. The Indiana Jones character which was taken as an example, evaluated via Jung's archetypes; as a hero and super hero, according to their concepts’ identification and description are dealt with their similarities and differences. Narrative arts such as myths, fables, monomyths, archetypes, and models by Joseph Campbell, Vladimir Propp, Carl Gustav Jung, Christopher Vogler, et al. who have researched the roadmap of superheroes, are analyzed for their support on current superhero stories, novels and movies. Discussions are made on the point of origin and cinematization of superheroes as well as how they change at stage of their cinematization and how they get a place in cinema. Well-recognized character Archeology Professor Indiana Jones with his signature whip and fedora was evaluated over the story structure and roadmap of superheroes which was remembered with Carl Gustav Jung’s archetype, is discussed for character’s similarities and differences to the concepts of being a hero, superhero and a conclusion is made based on the discussion of intimacy and distance from this character which is being worked on terms that have been agreed on the result or not. Keywords: Hero, Superhero, Myth, Fable, Indiana Jones, Archetype, Jung v 1.GĠRĠġ Bu çalışma, kahraman ve süper kahraman olgusu; mit, masal gibi sözlü anlatıların sahip olduğu benzerliklerin karşılaştırılması, kahramanın yolculuğu ile ilgili kuramsal kalıplar üreten Jung, Propp, Campbell ve Vogler'in bakış açıları ile ele alınması ve bu bilgiler ışığında Indiana Jones filmlerinin, Jung„un “arketip” olarak adlandırdığı analiz yöntemi ile incelenmesi, Indiana Jones karakterinin kahraman ve süper kahraman olgularına göre çözümlenmesini içermektedir. Araştırmanın ana sorusu, süper kahraman kelimesinin tanımını aramak; mit ve masal gibi sözlü anlatılardaki yapısal kalıbın, kahraman ve süper kahraman olgusu üzerinden anlatımı günümüz anlatı yapılarından sinemanın nasıl etkilendiğini tespit etmektir. Araştırmanın alt
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