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Embedded Linux Systems with the Yocto Project™
OPEN SOURCE SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT SERIES Embedded Linux Systems with the Yocto Project" FREE SAMPLE CHAPTER SHARE WITH OTHERS �f, � � � � Embedded Linux Systems with the Yocto ProjectTM This page intentionally left blank Embedded Linux Systems with the Yocto ProjectTM Rudolf J. Streif Boston • Columbus • Indianapolis • New York • San Francisco • Amsterdam • Cape Town Dubai • London • Madrid • Milan • Munich • Paris • Montreal • Toronto • Delhi • Mexico City São Paulo • Sidney • Hong Kong • Seoul • Singapore • Taipei • Tokyo Many of the designations used by manufacturers and sellers to distinguish their products are claimed as trademarks. Where those designations appear in this book, and the publisher was aware of a trademark claim, the designations have been printed with initial capital letters or in all capitals. The author and publisher have taken care in the preparation of this book, but make no expressed or implied warranty of any kind and assume no responsibility for errors or omissions. No liability is assumed for incidental or consequential damages in connection with or arising out of the use of the information or programs contained herein. For information about buying this title in bulk quantities, or for special sales opportunities (which may include electronic versions; custom cover designs; and content particular to your business, training goals, marketing focus, or branding interests), please contact our corporate sales depart- ment at [email protected] or (800) 382-3419. For government sales inquiries, please contact [email protected]. For questions about sales outside the U.S., please contact [email protected]. Visit us on the Web: informit.com Cataloging-in-Publication Data is on file with the Library of Congress. -
Design Languages for Embedded Systems
Design Languages for Embedded Systems Stephen A. Edwards Columbia University, New York [email protected] May, 2003 Abstract ward hardware simulation. VHDL’s primitive are assign- ments such as a = b + c or procedural code. Verilog adds Embedded systems are application-specific computers that transistor and logic gate primitives, and allows new ones to interact with the physical world. Each has a diverse set be defined with truth tables. of tasks to perform, and although a very flexible language might be able to handle all of them, instead a variety of Both languages allow concurrent processes to be de- problem-domain-specific languages have evolved that are scribed procedurally. Such processes sleep until awak- easier to write, analyze, and compile. ened by an event that causes them to run, read and write variables, and suspend. Processes may wait for a pe- This paper surveys some of the more important lan- riod of time (e.g., #10 in Verilog, wait for 10ns in guages, introducing their central ideas quickly without go- VHDL), a value change (@(a or b), wait on a,b), ing into detail. A small example of each is included. or an event (@(posedge clk), wait on clk un- 1 Introduction til clk='1'). An embedded system is a computer masquerading as a non- VHDL communication is more disciplined and flexible. computer that must perform a small set of tasks cheaply and Verilog communicates through wires or regs: shared mem- efficiently. A typical system might have communication, ory locations that can cause race conditions. VHDL’s sig- signal processing, and user interface tasks to perform. -
Sr. Firmware - Embedded Software Engineer
SR. FIRMWARE - EMBEDDED SOFTWARE ENGINEER Atel USA is a leading provider of high-performance, small form-factor tracking systems for the vehicle recovery, fleet, heavy trucks, and asset tracking industries. Our team has years of experience in developing complex wireless and communications systems. We have shipped several millions of vehicle tracking devices operating on all major cellular networks. We are seeking an enthusiastic embedded software engineer to be a key team member in the design, implementation, and verification of our asset tracking devices and sensory accessories. The Sr. Firmware Engineer will become an integral part of our company and will work as part of a small, multi-disciplinary development team to design, construct and deliver software/firmware for our current and next generation products. Primary Responsibilities: • Work independently on project tasks as well as work as a team member of a larger project team. • Collaborate with hardware/system design engineers to define the product feature set and work within a product development team to deliver firmware that meets or exceeds product requirements. • Engage with customers and product managers to define requirements, develop software architecture, and plan development in dynamic, evolving customer driven environment. • Deliver innovative solutions from concept to prototype to production. • Conduct/participate in engineering reviews to provide technical input on product designs and quality. • Conduct software unit tests to exercise implemented functionality. • Document software designs. • Troubleshoot and remove defects from production software. • Communicate and interact with team and customers to clearly set expectations, share technical details, resolve issues, and report progress. • Participate in brainstorms and otherwise contribute outside your area of expertise. -
Sr. Embedded Software/ Firmware Engineer This Position Is Located at the Corporate Headquarters in Henderson, Nevada
Sr. Embedded Software/ Firmware Engineer This position is located at the Corporate Headquarters in Henderson, Nevada VadaTech, Inc. is seeking experienced candidates for Senior Embedded Software/Firmware Engineer. Primary Responsibilities: • Responsible for the focus on BIOS and board bring up • Responsible for the coordinating and prioritizing application modifications and bug fixes • Responsible for working with the customer support team to troubleshoot and resolve production issues • Responsible for the support, maintenance and documentation of software functionality • Responsible for Contributing to the development of internal tools to streamline the engineering and build and release processes • Responsible for the production of functional specifications and design documents Desired Skills and Experience • Bachelor’s degree in computer science or related field; master’s degree preferred • 8+ years of related work experience • Fluency in C programming required • Experience with Embedded Bootloader/OS porting required • Experience with U-Boot/Embedded Linux porting and PC BIOS maintenance preferred • Experience with new/untested hardware board bring-up required • Demonstrated ability to read hardware schematics and use lab instruments such as oscilloscopes, multimeters and JTAG probes to resolve problems required • Must be knowledgeable in low-level board-support software/hardware interfacing for DDR3 memory, local bus timings, Ethernet PHYs, NOR/NAND flash, I2C/SPI, and others • Experience with diverse CPU types such as PowerPC/PowerQUICC/QorIQ, -
Embedded Linux Systems
Dpto Sistemas Electrónicos y de Control Universidad Politécnica de Madrid Embedded Linux Systems Using Buildroot for building Embedded Linux Systems with the Raspberry-PI V1.2 Mariano Ruiz 2014 EUIT Telecomunicación Dpto. Sistemas Electrónicos y de C o n t r o l Page 1 of 41 Page 2 of 41 Table of contents 1 SCOPE ........................................................................................................................................ 6 1.1 Document Overview .............................................................................................................. 6 1.2 Acronyms .............................................................................................................................. 6 2 REFERENCED DOCUMENTS ......................................................................................................... 7 2.1 References ............................................................................................................................. 7 3 LAB1: BUILDING LINUX USING BUILDROOT ................................................................................. 8 3.1 Elements needed for the execution of these LABS. .................................................................. 8 3.2 Starting the VMware .............................................................................................................. 8 3.3 Configuring Buildroot. .......................................................................................................... 11 3.4 Compiling buildroot. ........................................................................................................... -
1.1 Purpose of Embedded System 1.2 Host and Target Machine 1.2.1
e-PG Pathshala Subject : Computer Science Paper: Embedded System Module: Embedded Software Development Tools Module No: CS/ES/36 Quadrant 1 – e-text In this module, we will discuss about the host and target machine, Embedded Software development process and Embedded tools. 1.1 Purpose of Embedded System An embedded system is a special-purpose system in which the computer is completely encapsulated by the device it controls. Each embedded system has unique characteristics. The components and functions of hardware and software can be different for each system. Nowadays, embedded software is used in all the electronic devices such as watches, cellular phones etc. This embedded software is similar to general programming. But the embedded hardware is unique. The method of communication between interfaces can vary from processor to processor. It leads to more complexity of software. Engineers need to be aware of the software developing process and tools. There are a lot of things that software development tools can do automatically when the target platform is well defined. This automation is possible because the tools can exploit features of the hardware and operating system on which your program will execute. Embedded software development tools can rarely make assumptions about the target platform. Hence the user has to provide some explicit instructions of the system to the tools. Figure 1.1 shows how an embedded system is developed using a host and a target machine. 1.2 Host and Target machine Figure 1.1 Embedded system using host and target machine 1.2.1 Performance of Host machine The application program developed runs on the host computer. -
Asurvey of Embedded Software Profiling Methodologies
International Journal of Embedded Systems and Applications (IJESA) Vol.1, No.2, December 2011 A SURVEY OF EMBEDDED SOFTWARE PROFILING METHODOLOGIES Rajendra Patel1 and Arvind Rajawat 2 1,2 Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Maulana Azad National Institute of Technology, Bhopal, India 1 [email protected] [email protected] 2 ABSTRACT Embedded Systems combine one or more processor cores with dedicated logic running on an ASIC or FPGA to meet design goals at reasonable cost. It is achieved by profiling the application with variety of aspects like performance, memory usage, cache hit versus cache miss, energy consumption, etc. Out of these, performance estimation is more important than others. With ever increasing system complexities, it becomes quite necessary to carry out performance estimation of embedded software implemented in a particular processor for fast design space exploration. Such profiled data also guides the designer how to partition the system for Hardware (HW) and Software (SW) environments. In this paper, we propose a classification for currently available Embedded Software Profiling Tools, and we present different academic and industrial approaches in this context. Based on these observations, it will be easy to identify such common principles and needs which are required for a true Software Profiling Tool for a particular application. KEYWORDS Profiling, Embedded, Software, Performance, Methodology 1. INTRODUCTION In the design of embedded systems, design space exploration is performed to satisfy the application requirements. This can be achieved either by different architectural choices or by appropriate task partitioning. At the end the synthesis process generates the final solution with proper combination of Software, Hardware and Communication Structures. -
Cryptographic Software: Vulnerabilities in Implementations 1
Pobrane z czasopisma Annales AI- Informatica http://ai.annales.umcs.pl Data: 03/10/2021 00:10:27 Annales UMCS Informatica AI XI, 4 (2011) 1–10 DOI: 10.2478/v10065-011-0030-7 Cryptographic software: vulnerabilities in implementations Michał Łuczaj1∗ 1Institute of Telecommunications, Warsaw University of Technology Poland Abstract – Security and cryptographic applications or libraries, just as any other generic software products may be affected by flaws introduced during the implementation process. No matter how much scrutiny security protocols have undergone, it is — as always — the weakest link that holds everything together to makes products secure. In this paper I take a closer look at problems usually resulting from a simple human made mistakes, misunderstanding of algorithm details or a plain lack of experience with tools and environment. In other words: everything that can and will happen during software development but in the fragile context of cryptography. UMCS1 Introduction I begin with a brief introduction of typical mistakes and oversights that can be made during program implementation in one of the most popular programming languages, C[1]. I also explain the concept of exploitable memory corruption, how critical it is and where it leads from the attacker’s point of view. A set of real-world examples is given. Some well known previously disclosed vulner- abilities are brought to illustrate how a flaw (sometimes even an innocent looking) can fatally injune security of the whole protocol, algorithm. There is much to discuss as failed attempts at implementing cryptographic primitives — or making use of cryptog- raphy in general — range broadly. -
Embedded Software Development Process and Tools: Lesson-1 Introduction to Embedded Software Development Process and Tools
Embedded Software development Process and Tools: Lesson-1 Introduction to Embedded Software Development Process and Tools 2015 Chapter-14L01: "Embedded Software Development Process and 1 Tools, Publs.: McGraw-Hill Education 1. Development Process and Hardware─ Software 2015 Chapter-14L01: "Embedded Software Development Process and 2 Tools, Publs.: McGraw-Hill Education Cost of developing a final targeted system • Small processor cost • Larger time frame needed than the hardware circuit design • High development cost for final targeted system 2015 Chapter-14L01: "Embedded Software Development Process and 3 Tools, Publs.: McGraw-Hill Education Development Process • Edit-test-debug cycles • Fixed Processor and hardware parts once chosen • Application software codes perfected by a number of runs and tests. 2015 Chapter-14L01: "Embedded Software Development Process and 4 Tools, Publs.: McGraw-Hill Education Development process of an embedded system 2015 Chapter-14L01: "Embedded Software Development Process and 5 Tools, Publs.: McGraw-Hill Education Edit-Test-Debug Cycle implementation phase of the development process 2015 Chapter-14L01: "Embedded Software Development Process and 6 Tools, Publs.: McGraw-Hill Education 2. Software Tools 2015 Chapter-14L01: "Embedded Software Development Process and 7 Tools, Publs.: McGraw-Hill Education Software Tools • Software Development Lit (SDK) • Source-code Engineering Software • RTOS • Integrated Development Environment • Prototyper • Editor • Interpreter 2015 Chapter-14L01: "Embedded Software Development -
Comparing Embedded Linux Build Systems and Distros
Comparing embedded Linux build systems and distros Drew Moseley Solutions Architect Mender.io Session overview ● Review of embedded Linux development challenges. ● Define build system and criteria. ● Discuss a few popular options. ● Give me an opportunity to learn about some of the other tools. Goal: Help new embedded Linux developers get started About me Drew Moseley Mender.io ○ 10 years in Embedded Linux/Yocto development. ○ Over-the-air updater for Embedded Linux ○ Longer than that in general Embedded Software. ○ Open source (Apache License, v2) ○ Project Lead and Solutions Architect. ○ Dual A/B rootfs layout (client) [email protected] ○ Remote deployment management (server) https://twitter.com/drewmoseley https://www.linkedin.com/in/drewmoseley/ ○ Under active development https://twitter.com/mender_io Challenges for Embedded Linux Developers Hardware variety Storage Media Software may be maintained in forks Cross development Initial device provisioning Simple Makefiles don't cut it (anymore) Facts: ● These systems are huge ● Dependency Hell is a thing ● Builds take a long time ● Builds take a lot of resources ● Embedded applications require significant customization ● Developers need to modify from defaults Build System Defined _Is_ _Is Not_ ● Mechanism to specify and build ● An IDE ○ Define hardware/BSP ● A Distribution components ● A deployment and provisioning ○ Integrate user-space tool applications; including custom ● An out-of-the-box solution code ● Need reproducibility ● Must support multiple developers ● Allow for parallel -
Programming Embedded Systems, Second Edition with C and GNU Development Tools
Programming Embedded Systems Second Edition Programming Embedded Systems, Second Edition with C and GNU Development Tools Foreword If you mention the word embedded to most people, they'll assume you're talking about reporters in a war zone. Few dictionaries—including the canonical Oxford English Dictionary—link embedded to computer systems. Yet embedded systems underlie nearly all of the electronic devices used today, from cell phones to garage door openers to medical instruments. By now, it's nearly impossible to build anything electronic without adding at least a small microprocessor and associated software. Vendors produce some nine billion microprocessors every year. Perhaps 100 or 150 million of those go into PCs. That's only about one percent of the units shipped. The other 99 percent go into embedded systems; clearly, this stealth business represents the very fabric of our highly technological society. And use of these technologies will only increase. Solutions to looming environmental problems will surely rest on the smarter use of resources enabled by embedded systems. One only has to look at the network of 32-bit processors in Toyota's hybrid Prius to get a glimpse of the future. Page 1 Programming Embedded Systems Second Edition Though prognostications are difficult, it is absolutely clear that consumers will continue to demand ever- brainier products requiring more microprocessors and huge increases in the corresponding software. Estimates suggest that the firmware content of most products doubles every 10 to 24 months. While the demand for more code is increasing, our productivity rates creep up only slowly. So it's also clear that the industry will need more embedded systems people in order to meet the demand. -
Validity and Reliability of Wii Fit Balance Board for the Assessment of Balance of Healthy Young Adults and the Elderly
J. Phys. Ther. Sci. 25: 1251–1253, 2013 Validity and Reliability of Wii Fit Balance Board for the Assessment of Balance of Healthy Young Adults and the Elderly WEN-DIEN CHANG, PhD1), WAN-YI CHANG, MS2), CHIA-LUN LEE, PhD3), CHI-YEN FENG, MD4)* 1) Department of Sports Medicine, China Medical University, Taiwan (ROC) 2) Graduate Institute of Networking and Multimedia, National Taiwan University, Taiwan (ROC) 3) Center for General Education, National Sun Yat-sen University, Taiwan (ROC) 4) Department of General Surgery, Da Chien General Hospital: No. 36, Gongjing Road, Miaoli City, Miaoli County, Taiwan (ROC) Abstract. [Purpose] Balance is an integral part of human ability. The smart balance master system (SBM) is a balance test instrument with good reliability and validity, but it is expensive. Therefore, we modified a Wii Fit bal- ance board, which is a convenient balance assessment tool, and analyzed its reliability and validity. [Subjects and Methods] We recruited 20 healthy young adults and 20 elderly people, and administered 3 balance tests. The corre- lation coefficient and intraclass correlation of both instruments were analyzed. [Results] There were no statistically significant differences in the 3 tests between the Wii Fit balance board and the SBM. The Wii Fit balance board had a good intraclass correlation (0.86–0.99) for the elderly people and positive correlations (r = 0.58–0.86) with the SBM. [Conclusions] The Wii Fit balance board is a balance assessment tool with good reliability and high validity for elderly people, and we recommend it as an alternative tool for assessing balance ability.