Cryptographic Software: Vulnerabilities in Implementations 1
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Nintendo Wii Software
Nintendo wii software A previous update, ( U) introduced the ability to transfer your data from one Wii U console to another. You can transfer save data for Wii U software, Mii. The Wii U video game console's built-in software lets you watch movies and have fun right out of the box. BTW, why does it sound like you guys are crying about me installing homebrew software on my Wii console? I am just wondering because it seems a few of you. The Nintendo Wii was introduced in and, since then, over pay for any of this software, which is provided free of charge to everyone. Perform to Popular Chart-Topping Tunes - Sing up to 30 top hits from Season 1; Gleek Out to Never-Before-Seen Clips from the Show – Perform to video. a wiki dedicated to homebrew on the Nintendo Wii. We have 1, articles. Install the Homebrew Channel on your Wii console by following the homebrew setup tutorial. Browse the Homebrew, Wii hardware, Wii software, Development. The Wii was not designed by Nintendo to support homebrew. There is no guarantee that using homebrew software will not harm your Wii. A crazy software issue has come up. It's been around 10 months since the wii u was turned on at all. Now that we have, it boots up fine and you. Thus, we developed a balance assessment software using the Nintendo Wii Balance Board, investigated its reliability and validity, and. In Q1, Nintendo DS software sales were million, up million units Wii software sales reached million units, a million. -
When Memory Serves Not So Well Memory Errors 30 Years Later
i i i i WHEN MEMORY SERVES NOT SO WELL MEMORY ERRORS 30 YEARS LATER PH.D. THESIS VICTOR VAN DER VEEN VRIJE UNIVERSITEIT AMSTERDAM, 2019 i i i i i i i i Faculty of Science The research reported in this dissertation was conducted at the Faculty of Science — at the Department of Computer Science — of the Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam This work is part of the research programme Cyber Security with project number 628.001.021, which is nanced by the Netherlands Organisation for Scientic Research (NWO) Copyright © 2019 by Victor van der Veen ISBN 978-94-6361-334-7 Cover design by Victor van der Veen Printed by Optima Grasche Communicatie This work was written in Vim, not Emacs i i i i i i i i VRIJE UNIVERSITEIT WHEN MEMORY SERVES NOT SO WELL MEMORY ERRORS 30 YEARS LATER ACADEMISCH PROEFSCHRIFT ter verkrijging van de graad Doctor aan de Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, op gezag van de rector magnicus prof.dr. V. Subramaniam, in het openbaar te verdedigen ten overstaan van de promotiecommissie van de Faculteit der Bètawetenschappen op donderdag 24 oktober 2019 om 13.45 uur in de aula van de universiteit, De Boelelaan 1105 door VICTOR VAN DER VEEN geboren te Hoorn i i i i i i i i promotor: prof.dr.ir. H. J. Bos copromotor: dr. C. Giurida i i i i i i i i Voor Marieke i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i “First, it is slightly cheaper; and secondly it has the words DON’T PANIC inscribed in large friendly letters on its cover” Douglas Adams on The Hitchhiker’s Guide to the Galaxy i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i Acknowledgements “Haha, het is echt het meest vage projectvoorstel dat ik ooit heb geschreven.” This is how Herbert pitched his open PhD position to me, back in 2013. -
Proxylogon Is Just the Tip of the Iceberg, a New Attack Surface On
ProxyLogon is Just the Tip of the Iceberg A New Attack Surface on Microsoft Exchange Server! Orange Tsai USA 2021 Orange Tsai • Orange Tsai, focusing on Web and Application 0-day research • Principal Security Researcher of DEVCORE • Captain of HITCON CTF Team • Speaker of Security Conferences • Black Hat USA & ASIA / DEFCON / HITB / HITCON … • Selected Awards and Honors: • 2017 - 1st place of Top 10 Web Hacking Techniques • 2018 - 1st place of Top 10 Web Hacking Techniques • 2019 - Winner of Pwnie Awards "Best Server-Side Bug" • 2021 - Champion and "Master of Pwn" of Pwn2Own Disclaimer All vulnerabilities disclosed today are reported responsibly and patched by Microsoft Why Target Exchange Server? 1. Mail servers always keep confidential secrets and Exchange Server is the most well-known mail solution for enterprises and governments worldwide 2. Has been the target for Nation-sponsored hackers for a long time (Equation Group) 3. More than 400,000 Exchange servers exposed on the Internet according to our survey Exchange Security in the Past Years • Most bugs are based on known attack vectors but there are still several notable bugs: 1. EnglishmansDentist from Equation Group: • Recap: A only practical and public pre-auth RCE in the Exchange history. Unfortunately, the arsenal only works on an ancient Exchange Server 2003 2. CVE-2020-0688 Hardcoded MachineKey from anonymous working with ZDI: • Recap: A classic .NET deserialization bug due to a hardcoded cryptography key. This is also a hint shows Microsoft Exchange is lacking of security reviews Our Works • We focus on the Exchange architecture and discover a new attack surface that no one proposed before. -
HALO: Post-Link Heap-Layout Optimisation
HALO: Post-Link Heap-Layout Optimisation Joe Savage Timothy M. Jones University of Cambridge, UK University of Cambridge, UK [email protected] [email protected] Abstract 1 Introduction Today, general-purpose memory allocators dominate the As the gap between memory and processor speeds continues landscape of dynamic memory management. While these so- to widen, efficient cache utilisation is more important than lutions can provide reasonably good behaviour across a wide ever. While compilers have long employed techniques like range of workloads, it is an unfortunate reality that their basic-block reordering, loop fission and tiling, and intelligent behaviour for any particular workload can be highly subop- register allocation to improve the cache behaviour of pro- timal. By catering primarily to average and worst-case usage grams, the layout of dynamically allocated memory remains patterns, these allocators deny programs the advantages of largely beyond the reach of static tools. domain-specific optimisations, and thus may inadvertently Today, when a C++ program calls new, or a C program place data in a manner that hinders performance, generating malloc, its request is satisfied by a general-purpose allocator unnecessary cache misses and load stalls. with no intimate knowledge of what the program does or To help alleviate these issues, we propose HALO: a post- how its data objects are used. Allocations are made through link profile-guided optimisation tool that can improve the fixed, lifeless interfaces, and fulfilled by -
Transparent Garbage Collection for C++
Document Number: WG21/N1833=05-0093 Date: 2005-06-24 Reply to: Hans-J. Boehm [email protected] 1501 Page Mill Rd., MS 1138 Palo Alto CA 94304 USA Transparent Garbage Collection for C++ Hans Boehm Michael Spertus Abstract A number of possible approaches to automatic memory management in C++ have been considered over the years. Here we propose the re- consideration of an approach that relies on partially conservative garbage collection. Its principal advantage is that objects referenced by ordinary pointers may be garbage-collected. Unlike other approaches, this makes it possible to garbage-collect ob- jects allocated and manipulated by most legacy libraries. This makes it much easier to convert existing code to a garbage-collected environment. It also means that it can be used, for example, to “repair” legacy code with deficient memory management. The approach taken here is similar to that taken by Bjarne Strous- trup’s much earlier proposal (N0932=96-0114). Based on prior discussion on the core reflector, this version does insist that implementations make an attempt at garbage collection if so requested by the application. How- ever, since there is no real notion of space usage in the standard, there is no way to make this a substantive requirement. An implementation that “garbage collects” by deallocating all collectable memory at process exit will remain conforming, though it is likely to be unsatisfactory for some uses. 1 Introduction A number of different mechanisms for adding automatic memory reclamation (garbage collection) to C++ have been considered: 1. Smart-pointer-based approaches which recycle objects no longer ref- erenced via special library-defined replacement pointer types. -
An Evolutionary Study of Linux Memory Management for Fun and Profit Jian Huang, Moinuddin K
An Evolutionary Study of Linux Memory Management for Fun and Profit Jian Huang, Moinuddin K. Qureshi, and Karsten Schwan, Georgia Institute of Technology https://www.usenix.org/conference/atc16/technical-sessions/presentation/huang This paper is included in the Proceedings of the 2016 USENIX Annual Technical Conference (USENIX ATC ’16). June 22–24, 2016 • Denver, CO, USA 978-1-931971-30-0 Open access to the Proceedings of the 2016 USENIX Annual Technical Conference (USENIX ATC ’16) is sponsored by USENIX. An Evolutionary Study of inu emory anagement for Fun and rofit Jian Huang, Moinuddin K. ureshi, Karsten Schwan Georgia Institute of Technology Astract the patches committed over the last five years from 2009 to 2015. The study covers 4587 patches across Linux We present a comprehensive and uantitative study on versions from 2.6.32.1 to 4.0-rc4. We manually label the development of the Linux memory manager. The each patch after carefully checking the patch, its descrip- study examines 4587 committed patches over the last tions, and follow-up discussions posted by developers. five years (2009-2015) since Linux version 2.6.32. In- To further understand patch distribution over memory se- sights derived from this study concern the development mantics, we build a tool called MChecker to identify the process of the virtual memory system, including its patch changes to the key functions in mm. MChecker matches distribution and patterns, and techniues for memory op- the patches with the source code to track the hot func- timizations and semantics. Specifically, we find that tions that have been updated intensively. -
Declarative Computation Model Memory Management Last Call
Memory Management Declarative Computation Model Memory management (VRH 2.5) • Semantic stack and store sizes during computation – analysis using operational semantics Carlos Varela – recursion used for looping RPI • efficient because of last call optimization October 5, 2006 – memory life cycle Adapted with permission from: – garbage collection Seif Haridi KTH Peter Van Roy UCL C. Varela; Adapted w/permission from S. Haridi and P. Van Roy 1 C. Varela; Adapted w/permission from S. Haridi and P. Van Roy 2 Last call optimization Last call optimization • Consider the following procedure ST: [ ({Loop10 0}, E0) ] proc {Loop10 I} ST: [({Browse I}, {I→i ,...}) proc {Loop10 I} 0 if I ==10 then skip ({Loop10 I+1}, {I→i ,...}) ] else if I ==10 then skip 0 else σ : {i =0, ...} {Browse I} 0 {Browse I} Recursive call {Loop10 I+1} {Loop10 I+1} end is the last call end ST: [({Loop10 I+1}, {I→i0,...}) ] end end σ : {i0=0, ...} • This procedure does not increase the size of the STACK ST: [({Browse I}, {I→i1,...}) • It behaves like a looping construct ({Loop10 I+1}, {I→i1,...}) ] σ : {i0=0, i1=1,...} C. Varela; Adapted w/permission from S. Haridi and P. Van Roy 3 C. Varela; Adapted w/permission from S. Haridi and P. Van Roy 4 Stack and Store Size Garbage collection proc {Loop10 I} proc {Loop10 I} ST: [({Browse I}, {I→ik,...}) ST: [({Browse I}, {I→ik,...}) if I ==10 then skip if I ==10 then skip ({Loop10 I+1}, {I i ,...}) ] ({Loop10 I+1}, {I i ,...}) ] else → k else → k {Browse I} σ : {i0=0, i1=1,..., ik-i=k-1, ik=k,.. -
Ubuntu Server Guide Basic Installation Preparing to Install
Ubuntu Server Guide Welcome to the Ubuntu Server Guide! This site includes information on using Ubuntu Server for the latest LTS release, Ubuntu 20.04 LTS (Focal Fossa). For an offline version as well as versions for previous releases see below. Improving the Documentation If you find any errors or have suggestions for improvements to pages, please use the link at thebottomof each topic titled: “Help improve this document in the forum.” This link will take you to the Server Discourse forum for the specific page you are viewing. There you can share your comments or let us know aboutbugs with any page. PDFs and Previous Releases Below are links to the previous Ubuntu Server release server guides as well as an offline copy of the current version of this site: Ubuntu 20.04 LTS (Focal Fossa): PDF Ubuntu 18.04 LTS (Bionic Beaver): Web and PDF Ubuntu 16.04 LTS (Xenial Xerus): Web and PDF Support There are a couple of different ways that the Ubuntu Server edition is supported: commercial support and community support. The main commercial support (and development funding) is available from Canonical, Ltd. They supply reasonably- priced support contracts on a per desktop or per-server basis. For more information see the Ubuntu Advantage page. Community support is also provided by dedicated individuals and companies that wish to make Ubuntu the best distribution possible. Support is provided through multiple mailing lists, IRC channels, forums, blogs, wikis, etc. The large amount of information available can be overwhelming, but a good search engine query can usually provide an answer to your questions. -
Memory Management
Memory management The memory of a computer is a finite resource. Typical Memory programs use a lot of memory over their lifetime, but not all of it at the same time. The aim of memory management is to use that finite management resource as efficiently as possible, according to some criterion. Advanced Compiler Construction In general, programs dynamically allocate memory from two different areas: the stack and the heap. Since the Michel Schinz — 2014–04–10 management of the stack is trivial, the term memory management usually designates that of the heap. 1 2 The memory manager Explicit deallocation The memory manager is the part of the run time system in Explicit memory deallocation presents several problems: charge of managing heap memory. 1. memory can be freed too early, which leads to Its job consists in maintaining the set of free memory blocks dangling pointers — and then to data corruption, (also called objects later) and to use them to fulfill allocation crashes, security issues, etc. requests from the program. 2. memory can be freed too late — or never — which leads Memory deallocation can be either explicit or implicit: to space leaks. – it is explicit when the program asks for a block to be Due to these problems, most modern programming freed, languages are designed to provide implicit deallocation, – it is implicit when the memory manager automatically also called automatic memory management — or garbage tries to free unused blocks when it does not have collection, even though garbage collection refers to a enough free memory to satisfy an allocation request. specific kind of automatic memory management. -
Eviction Based on Implicit Entry Reachability
University of Texas at El Paso ScholarWorks@UTEP Open Access Theses & Dissertations 2020-01-01 Finalcache: Eviction Based On Implicit Entry Reachability Adrian Veliz University of Texas at El Paso Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.utep.edu/open_etd Part of the Computer Sciences Commons, and the Sustainability Commons Recommended Citation Veliz, Adrian, "Finalcache: Eviction Based On Implicit Entry Reachability" (2020). Open Access Theses & Dissertations. 3128. https://scholarworks.utep.edu/open_etd/3128 This is brought to you for free and open access by ScholarWorks@UTEP. It has been accepted for inclusion in Open Access Theses & Dissertations by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks@UTEP. For more information, please contact [email protected]. FINALCACHE: EVICTION BASED ON IMPLICIT ENTRY REACHABILITY ADRIAN EDWARD VELIZ Doctoral Program in Computer Science APPROVED: Eric Freudenthal, Ph.D., Chair Omar Badreddin, Ph.D. Yoonsik Cheon, Ph.D. Art Duval, Ph.D. Stephen L. Crites, Jr., Ph.D. Dean of the Graduate School Copyright © by Adrian Veliz 2020 Dedication This dissertation is dedicated to my brother Oscar, mother Martha, and father Jesus. Your love and support mean the world to me. This would not have been possible without you. Love you. FINALCAHCE: EVICTION BASED ON IMPLICIT ENTRY REACHABILITY by ADRIAN EDWARD VELIZ, B.S. & M.S. OF CS DISSERTATION Presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School of The University of Texas at El Paso in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Department of Computer Science THE UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS AT EL PASO August 2020 Acknowledgements I would like to thank everyone who has helped me with research and writing. -
Ret2dir: Rethinking Kernel Isolation
ret2dir: Rethinking Kernel Isolation Presenter: Jianhua Sun Department of Computer Science College of William and Mary Oct 27, 2014 Slides adapted from https://www.usenix.org/sites/default/files/conference/protected-files/sec14_slides_kemerlis.pdf The Kernel as a Target Why care? Kernel attacks are becoming (more) common 1. High-value asset Privileged piece of code ! I Responsible for the integrity of OS security mechanisms 2. Large attack surface syscalls, device drivers, pseudo fs, ... ! I New features & optimizations New attack opportunities ! 3. Exploiting privileged userland processes has become harder Canaries+ASLR+WˆX+Fortify+RELRO+BIND NOW+BPF SECCOMP+...! I Sergey Glazunov (Pwnie Awards) 14 bugs to takedown Chrome “A Tale of Two Pwnies” (http://blog.chromium.org) [APP] [KERNEL] ASLR W^X FORTIFY_SRC RELRO BPF_SECCOMP BIND_NOW vs. STACK_PROT Kernel Vulnerabilities Current state of a↵airs (all vendors) Kernel vulnerabilities per year 360 340 320 300 280 260 240 220 200 180 160 140 # of vulnerabilities 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 Year Source: National Vulnerability Database (http://nvd.nist.gov) Threat Evolution There’s still plenty of candy left I The kernel is highly volatile Sub-systems change every hour ! I New features & optimizations New attack opportunities ! Kernel ver. Size Dev. days Patches Changes/hr Fixes 2.6.11 (03/02/05) 6.6 MLOC 69 3.6K 2.18 79 3.10 (30/06/13) 16.9 MLOC 63 13.3K 9.02 670 Source: The Linux Foundation Introduction Kernel attacks & defenses Return-to-user (ret2usr)Attacks What are they? Attacks against OS kernels with shared kernel/user address space Overwrite kernel code (or data) pointers • with user space addresses 7 return addr., dispatch tbl., function ptr., 7 data ptr. -
Validity and Reliability of Wii Fit Balance Board for the Assessment of Balance of Healthy Young Adults and the Elderly
J. Phys. Ther. Sci. 25: 1251–1253, 2013 Validity and Reliability of Wii Fit Balance Board for the Assessment of Balance of Healthy Young Adults and the Elderly WEN-DIEN CHANG, PhD1), WAN-YI CHANG, MS2), CHIA-LUN LEE, PhD3), CHI-YEN FENG, MD4)* 1) Department of Sports Medicine, China Medical University, Taiwan (ROC) 2) Graduate Institute of Networking and Multimedia, National Taiwan University, Taiwan (ROC) 3) Center for General Education, National Sun Yat-sen University, Taiwan (ROC) 4) Department of General Surgery, Da Chien General Hospital: No. 36, Gongjing Road, Miaoli City, Miaoli County, Taiwan (ROC) Abstract. [Purpose] Balance is an integral part of human ability. The smart balance master system (SBM) is a balance test instrument with good reliability and validity, but it is expensive. Therefore, we modified a Wii Fit bal- ance board, which is a convenient balance assessment tool, and analyzed its reliability and validity. [Subjects and Methods] We recruited 20 healthy young adults and 20 elderly people, and administered 3 balance tests. The corre- lation coefficient and intraclass correlation of both instruments were analyzed. [Results] There were no statistically significant differences in the 3 tests between the Wii Fit balance board and the SBM. The Wii Fit balance board had a good intraclass correlation (0.86–0.99) for the elderly people and positive correlations (r = 0.58–0.86) with the SBM. [Conclusions] The Wii Fit balance board is a balance assessment tool with good reliability and high validity for elderly people, and we recommend it as an alternative tool for assessing balance ability.