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George Church on Genome Editing and Transforming Human Aging Page 15 A Non-Profit Organization September-OctoberJanuary 20152016 • VoVolumelume 36:137:5 George Church on Genome Editing and Transforming Human Aging Page 15 ISSN 1054-4305 Advances in Cryoprotectant Toxicity Research Page 5 Cryonics in Australia: An Update $9.95 Page 12 Improve Your Odds of a Good Cryopreservation You have your cryonics funding and contracts in place but have you considered other steps you can take to prevent problems down the road? ü Keep Alcor up-to-date about personal and medical changes. ü Update your Alcor paperwork to reflect your current wishes. ü Execute a cryonics-friendly Living Will and Durable Power of Attorney for Health Care. ü Wear your bracelet and talk to your friends and family about your desire to be cryopreserved. ü Ask your relatives to sign Affidavits stating that they will not interfere with your cryopreservation. ü Attend local cryonics meetings or start a local group yourself. ü Contribute to Alcor’s operations and research. Contact Alcor (1-877-462-5267) and let us know how we can assist you. Visit the ALCOR FORUMS www.alcor.org/forums/ Discuss Alcor and cryonics topics with other members and Alcor officials. • The Alcor Foundation • Financial • Cell Repair Technologies • Rejuvenation • Cryobiology • Stabilization • Events and Meetings Other features include pseudonyms (pending verification of membership status) and a private forum. Visit the ALCOR BLOG www.alcor.org/blog/ Your source for news about: • Cryonics technology • Speaking events and meetings • Cryopreservation cases • Employment opportunities • Television programs about cryonics Alcor is on Facebook Connect with Alcor members and supporters on our official Facebook page: www.facebook.com/alcor.life.extension.foundation Become a fan and encourage interested friends, family members, and colleagues to support us too. COVER STORY: PAGE 15 A Non-Profit Organization George Church on Genome Editing and Transforming September-October 2016 • Volume 37:5 Human Aging There are a lot of exciting developments George Church on Genome going on in aging research and Editing and Transforming a number of different proposals Human Aging have been suggested for extending the human lifespan. One of these Page 15 approaches is gene therapy, and rapid advances in gene delivery and replacement methods such as CRISPR are creating a lot of optimism. With permission of the Life Extension Foundation we are publishing the complete transcript of an interview with gene therapy pioneer George Church, conducted by cryobiologist and bio- ISSN 1054-4305 Advances in Cryoprotectant Toxicity Research gerontologist Greg Fahy. We think this is Page 5 one of the most inspiring articles about Cryonics in Australia: An Update the prospects of conquering aging that $9.95 Page 12 we have published in awhile. On the cover: George Church, Ph.D. 5 QUOD INCEPIMUS CONFICIEMUS Advances in Cryoprotectant Toxicity Research Cryoprotectant toxicity is the single most important obstacle to the cryopreservation of complex organs and suspended animation. In recent years two major papers have been published that contribute to our understanding of this issue and the remaining challenges ahead of us. 12 Cryonics in Australia: An Update Australia has had its own cryonics advocacy organizations for some time but in the last few years things have started to really accelerate and specific plans to create a full-service cryonics organization are coming to fruition. Carrie Wong has the story. www.alcor.org Cryonics / September-October 2016 3 Editorial Board Saul Kent CONTENTS Ralph C. Merkle, Ph.D. R. Michael Perry, Ph.D. 7 CEO Update Editor In his latest CEO Update, Max More discusses the introduction Aschwin de Wolf of corporate membership to facilitate offering cryonics as Contributing Writers an employee benefit, the hiring of new Medical Response Ben Best Director Josh Lado, membership growth, new dewar deliveries, Stephen Bridge improvements to case reporting and quality control, and recent George Church, Ph.D. Aschwin de Wolf media coverage. Gregory Fahy, Ph.D. William Faloon 10 Why You Want to Read Alcor’s New Book Max More, Ph.D. Alcor’s new book, Preserving Minds, Saving Lives, is the most R. Michael Perry, Ph.D. Carrie Wong ambitious collection of articles about cryonics and Alcor ever published. Read here why you want to read this donate and give a Copyright 2016 copy to friends and relatives. by Alcor Life Extension Foundation All rights reserved. 28 For the Record: The Cinematic Cryonicist: Four Reproduction, in whole or part, without permission is prohibited. Documentary Videos, Early and Later Documentary movies about cryonics have long been part of Cryonics magazine is published bi-monthly. promotional efforts within the movement, as well as being of To subscribe to the printed edition general interest to the public. A small portion of this interesting and/or change your address, please call story is surveyed here, two videos from the Cryonics Society 480.905.1906 x101or visit the magazine of New York, vintage 1971 or earlier; a commercially produced website: www.alcor.org/magazine documentary from 1978; and an Alcor promotional movie from 2005. Please note: If you change your address less than a month before the magazine is mailed, it may 42 Membership Statistics be sent to your old address. How many members, associate members, and patients does Address correspondence to: Alcor have and where do they live? Cryonics Magazine 7895 East Acoma Drive, Suite 110 43 Resuscitation Update Scottsdale, Arizona 85260 Phone: 480.905.1906 Mike Perry surveys the news and research to report on new Toll free: 877.462.5267 developments that bring us closer to the resuscitation of cryonics Fax: 480.922.9027 patients. Letters to the Editor welcome: [email protected] Advertising inquiries: 480.905.1906 x113 [email protected] ISSN: 1054-4305 Visit us on the web at www.alcor.org Alcor News Blog http://www.alcor.org/blog/ 4 Cryonics / September-October 2016 www.alcor.org Quod incepimus conficiemus Photo: Cryo-Care Equipment Corporation at 2340 E. Washington St., Phoenix, AZ. Dr. Bedford’s “home” about 1970. Advances IN Cryoprotectant TOXICITY RESEARCH By Aschwin de Wolf here is little disagreement among (“qv*”) which is intended to measure If we had a better understanding of the cryobiologists that the biggest the average hydrogen-bonding mechanisms of cryoprotectant toxicity, Tlimiting factor to reversible organ strength of the cryoprotectant polar vitrification solutions with no toxicity at all cryopreservation is cryoprotectant toxicity. groups with the water molecules in could be introduced at higher temperatures It is actually not that hard to create the solution. and exposure times could be increased to vitrification solutions that completely 4. Within limits, non-penetrating optimize complete equilibration of the inhibit ice formation at even the slowest agents can reduce the exposure tissue with the cryoprotectant. cooling rates. The problem is that such of cells to toxic amounts of Two major reviews of cryoprotectant highly concentrated vitrification solutions cryoprotectants without reducing toxicity were published in the last 5 years; are too toxic to permit recovery of complex vitrification ability. Gregory Fahy’s“Cryoprotectant Toxicity tissues. The least toxic vitrification solution Neutralization” (Cryobiology, 2010) and for complex mammalian organs as of 5. Synthetic “ice blockers” can be Benjamin Best’s “Cryoprotective Toxicity: writing is M22. M22 is the culmination of included in a vitrification mixture to Facts, Issues, and Questions” (Rejuvenation many years of experimental and theoretical reduce the concentration of toxic Research, 2015). work by cryobiologist Greg Fahy and cryoprotective agents necessary to Greg Fahy’s paper is a rigorous exposition colleagues using rabbit kidney slices. achieve vitrification. of experimental results concerning the Studying selected cryoprotectant mixtures phenomenon of cryoprotectant toxicity on rabbit kidney slices, Fahy and colleagues neutralization. The paper is mostly came to the following conclusions: While M22 is a low toxicity limited to the discovery that DMSO can 1. High concentrations of a solution, its toxicity profile block the toxic effects of amides such as cryoprotective agent (or a mixture formamide. The combination of DMSO of different cryoprotective agents) still necessitates minimizing and formamide (or other amides such can prevent ice formation during exposure time and introduction as urea and acetamide) is indeed one cooldown and warming. of the building blocks of M22 but this and removal at low (subzero) combination cannot be used without limit 2. The toxicity of some and the paper includes data that indicate cryoprotectants can be neutralized temperatures. the maximum molar concentrations (and by combining them with other ratios) that still permit full viability. In cryoprotective agents. theory, if two (or more) cryoprotectants 3. The non-specific toxicity of a While M22 is a low toxicity solution, its would completely neutralize each other’s cryoprotectant solution can be toxicity profile still necessitates minimizing toxicity they could be the sole components predicted by calculating a quantity exposure time and introduction and of a vitrification solution. But as the removal at low (subzero) temperatures. www.alcor.org Cryonics / September-October 2016 5 formulation of M22 shows, it is still barrier (BBB) penetration and the brain necessary to add weak glass formers such Conventional cryoprotective may
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