DOCSLIB.ORG

By a Thesis Submitted to the University of Plymouth in Partial Fiilfillment for the Degree of School of Earth, Ocean, and Enviro

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
By a Thesis Submitted to the University of Plymouth in Partial Fiilfillment for the Degree of School of Earth, Ocean, and Enviro University of Plymouth PEARL https://pearl.plymouth.ac.uk 04 University of Plymouth Research Theses 01 Research Theses Main Collection 2004 DEVELOPMENT OF WATER RESOURCES IN BAHRAIN: A COMBINED APPROACH OF SUPPLY-DEMAND ANALYSIS AL-NOAIMI, MUBARAK AMAN http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/1951 University of Plymouth All content in PEARL is protected by copyright law. Author manuscripts are made available in accordance with publisher policies. Please cite only the published version using the details provided on the item record or document. In the absence of an open licence (e.g. Creative Commons), permissions for further reuse of content should be sought from the publisher or author. DEVELOPMENT OF WATER RESOURCES IN BAHRAIN: A COMBINED APPROACH OF SUPPLY - DEMAND ANALYSIS VOLUME ONE by MUBARAK AM AN AL-NOAIMI A thesis submitted to the University of Plymouth in partial fiilfillment for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY School of Earth, Ocean, and Environmental Sciences Faculty of Science ^_ 2004 Universl^^of Plymouth Ibrary COPYRIGHT STATEMENT This copy of the dissertation has been supplied on conditions that anyone who consults it is tniderstood to recognise that its copyright rests with its author and that no quotation from this dissertation atid no information derived from it may be published without the author *s prior written consent. Dedication to the soul of my father .... with great appreciation, to my family, Iman, Bader, and Faris .... with great love. DEVELOPMENT OF WATER RESOURCES IN BAHRAIN: A COMBINED APPROACH OF SUPPLY-DEMAND ANALYSIS by Mubarak Aman Al-Noaimi Bahrain is an arid country with acute water shortage problems. The demand for water has increased substantiaUy over the last four decades, leading to over-exploitation from the already scarce renewable groundwater resources. This has caused a significant decline in groundwater levels, a drastic storage depletion, and serious deterioration in groundwater quality. The imbalance between the available water supply and the projected water demand has been growing rapidly, imposing a major constraint on the country's socio-economic development. Resolving these problems or at least mitigating their adverse impacts primarily requires a major shift from the supply-oriented approach to water planning, which is currently being emphasised, towards a greater emphasis on demand-side management policies. In this thesis, a combined approach of supply-demand analysis is employed to investigate the water and management problems in the study area, with the ultimate objective of establishing a supply-demand analytical framework to aid in the formulation of an integrated water management policy. The existing water resources are comprehensively assessed in terms of availability and development constraints. The water use patterns and demand characteristics are systematically analysed. The results of these analyses are shown to have important implications from the water resources planning and management perspective. Using data from cross-sectional surveys, separate water demand functions of both Unear and log-linear functional fonns are estimated for the major water use activities. The empirical evidence presented in this research suggests that certain socio-economic, demographic, physical, climatic, and technological factors affect water use. The variables household size and household/per capita income are found to be the most important determinants of residential water use, with a priori expected signs. Average price, however, does not have a statistically significant effect. Estimated income elasticities vary from 0.12 to 0.22; household size elasticities range from 0.30 to 0.41. Empirical estimates for summer and winter residential demand functions suggest some interesting findings with respect to the seasonal variability in water use. Per capita income elasticities of municipal demand of between 0.15 - 0.33 are estimated. Both the residential and municipal income elasticity estimates appear to correlate favourably with some estimates found in the literature. Not surprisingly, average price elasticity of per capiu municipal demand is estimated to be -0.066, indicating an extremely inelastic demand. In general, the empirical findings from both the non-residential and agricultural surveys give less reliable statistical results, perhaps owing to the insufiQciency of data and/or lack of specific explanatory variables. However, the variables number of bathrooms and presence of swimming pool may be adequate indicators of the non-residential water use, while gross cultivated area appears to be the best single predictor of the agricultural water use. Industrial water demand is shown to be significantly and directly related to the variables measuring production level, number of employees, and factory floor area. Validity tests for the selected analytical models are made. The water supply and demand relationships are examined and water balances for the specified planning period are computed. The improved trend forecasting procedures provide encouragingly accurate results when compared to the actual water use. Three alternative water management scenarios are developed. Comparison among these scenarios indicates that Scenario C, which integrates the supply and denumd management policies, is the most efficient option for achieving optimal water resources development and management. Policy recommendations to enable effective formulation and implementation of this option are presented. TABLE OF CONTENTS VOLUME ONE COPYRIGHT STATEMENT ABSTRACT TABLE OF CONTENTS iii LIST OF TABLES vii LIST OF FIGURES xiv LIST OF APPENDICES xviii ACKNOWLEDGMENT XX AUTHOR'S DECLARATION xxii INTRODUCTION CHAPTER ONE 18 LITERATURE REVIEW CHAPTER TWO PEIYSICAL CONDITIONS 84 2.1 The Study Area 84 2.2 Climate 86 2.3 Topography and Physiography 119 2.4 Geology 134 2.4.1 Regional Setting 134 2.4.2 Structural Framework 139 2.4.3 Stratigraphy 147 2.4.4 Depositional Setting 177 2.5 Land Use 184 CHAPTER THREE 191 GROUNDWATER RESOURCES 3.1 The Aquifer Systems 191 3.2 Aquifer Boundaries 195 3.3 Aquifers and Aquitards Geometry 196 3.4 Aquifer and Aquitard Hydraulic Properties 222 3.4.1 The Dammam Aquifer System 224 HI 3.4.2 The Rus - Umm Er Radhuma Aquifer System 233 3.4.3 Aquitard Hydraulic Properties 240 3.5 Piezometric Levels 242 3.5.1 The Dammam Aquifer System 242 3.5.2 The Rus - Umm Er Radhuma Aquifer System 255 3.6 Recharge 265 3.7 Discharge 271 3.7.1 Natural Discharge 273 3.7.2 Well Abstraction 275 3.8 Groundwater Budgets 279 CHAPTER FOUR 283 GROUNDWATER CHEMISTRY 4.1 Sampling and Analysis 283 4.2 The Dammam Aquifer System 287 4.3 The Rus - Umm Er Radhuma Aquifer System 309 4.4 Hydrochemical Facies 313 4.5 Ionic Ratios 317 4.6 Chemical Speciation 324 4.7 Springs Water Quality 329 CHAPTER FIVE 336 NON-CONVENTIONAL WATER RESOURCES 5.1 Desalinated Water 336 5.1.1 Blended Water Quality 340 5.1.2 Desalination Costs 344 5.2 Treated Sewage Effluent 346 5.2.1 Wastewater Flows 351 5.2.2 Wastewater Quality 352 5.2.3 Health and Environmental Considerations 365 5.2.4 Treatment Costs 367 5.3 Agricultural Drainage Water 369 VOLUME TWO CHAPTER SIX 379 WATER USE ANALYSIS 6.1 Data Sources and Types 379 IV 6.1.1 Water Use Data 380 6.1.2 Demographic Data 381 6.1.3 Other Related Information 386 6.2 Trends in Water Use 389 6.3 Analysis of Water Use Pattems 400 6.3.1 Municipal Water Use 401 6.3.2 Agricultural Water Use 425 6.3.3 Industrial Water Use 435 CHAPTER SEVEN 443 WATER USE SURVEYS 7.1 Research Questions 443 7.2 Sampling Design and Procedures 447 7.3 Methods of Data Collection 463 7.4 Analysis of Surveys Data 481 7.4.1 Municipal Water Use Survey 481 7.4.2 Agricultural Water Use Survey 501 7.4.3 Industrial Water Use Survey 508 CHAPTER EIGHT 523 WATER DEIVIAND MODELLING 8.1 Municipal Water Demand 526 8.1.1 Residential Water Demand 527 8.1.2 Non-residential Water Demand 545 8.1.3 Aggregate Municipal Water Demand 552 8.2 Agricultural Water Demand 567 8.3 Industrial Water Demand 576 CHAPTER NINE 586 SUPPLY-DEMAND ANALYSIS AND POLICY OPTIONS 9.1 Supply-Demand Analysis 586 9.1.1 Water Supply 586 9.1.2 Water Demand 588 9.2 Water Balance and Policy Options 606 9.2.1 Water Balance 607 9.2.2 Alternative Policy Scenarios 609 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 616 APPENDICES Appendix A Meteorological Data 631 Appendix B Hydrogeological Data 640 Appendix C Hydrochemical Data 648 Appendix D Pre-sampling Data and Survey Questionnaires 675 Appendix E Residual Plots 700 REFERENCES 709 VI LIST OF TABLES VOLUME ONE Table 2.1 The medium to long-term climatological means at Bahrain International 88 Airport 2.2 The existing and abandoned climatic stations in Bahrain and their period 92 of records 2.3 Temperature, mean values and highest and lowest recorded 94 2.4 Monthly means temperature at Bahrain International Airport 1969 - 1980 95 2.5 Monthly means temperature at Budaiya and corresponding averages at 96 Airport 1969- 1980 2.6 Monthly means temperature at Sheikh Isa Air Base and corresponding 97 averages at airport 1991 - 1997 2.7 Monthly and annual rainfall probabilities 100 2.8 Monthly means rainfall at Budaiya and corresponding averages at airport 101 1974- 1980 2.9 Totals monthly evaporation and means at Bahrain International Airport 103 1983 - 1997 2.10 Monthly means evaporation at Budaiya (Class A-Pan) and corresponding 104 averages at airport 1970 - 1980 2.11 Monthly means evaporation at Budaiya 1983 - 1986 and 1994 - 1997 and 106 corresponding averages at airport 2.12 Comparison between monthly means relative humidity at Budaiya and 107 Bahrain
Load more

Recommended publications
  • E3 Voice 'Grave Concern'
    TWITTER SPORTS @newsofbahrain WORLD 6 UAE to send rover to moon in 2022 INSTAGRAM Bahrain looking /newsofbahrain 15 ahead to Olympics LINKEDIN THURSDAY newsofbahrain APRIL, 2021 Kingdom joins rest 210 FILS of the world in WHATSAPP 3844 4692 ISSUE NO. 8807 marking 100 days until the start of FACEBOOK /nobmedia the Tokyo Olympic Games in Japan, MAIL which kicks off with [email protected] the opening ceremony WEBSITE on July 23 |P12 newsofbahrain.com Pacquiao, Crawford in talks for title fight in Abu Dhabi 11 SPORTS BUSINESS 5 BFC opens new branch in Riffa LuLu Mall His Majesty King Hamad receives Ramadan well-wishers Last update - 9:00 pm 14 April 2021 Individuals vaccinated (First dose) (Second dose) His Majesty King Hamad bin Isa Al Khalifa received at Safriya Palace yesterday Bahrain Defence Force (BDF) Commander- in-Chief Field Marshal Shaikh Khalifa bin Ahmed Al Khalifa, National Guard Commander General Shaikh Mohammed bin Isa Al Khalifa, Interior Minister General Shaikh Rashid bin Abdullah Al Khalifa, Defence Minister Lieutenant General Abdullah bin Hassan Al Nuaimi, National Intelligence Agency (NIA) Head Lieutenant General Adel bin Khalifa Al Fadhel, Chief of Staff Lieutenant General Dhiab bin Saqr Al Nuaimi, Public Security Chief Lieutenant General Taraq Hassan Al Hassan, National Guard Staff Director Major General Shaikh Abdulaziz bin Saud Al Khalifa and Strategic Security Agency Head Shaikh Ahmed bin Abdulaziz Al Khalifa, who extended to HM the King sincere congratulations marking the Holy Month of Ramadan. BAHRAIN TOTAL TESTED E3 voice ‘grave concern’ 3834581 ACTIVE CASES Iran moves to enrich uranium by up to 60 percent ‘an important step in nuclear weapon production’ 11302 Reuters | Paris fuges at Natanz, which will sig- said.
    [Show full text]
  • Ahmed Janahi Defeats Salman Hassan in Semis
    SPORTS Friday, July 28, 2017 21 Goals galore in Abdul-Kareem receives Futsal League man of the match award DT News Network and Al Dair Club finished in a lead by one goal in the first five Manama 2-2 draw after the former led 2-0 minutes of the match. However, oals flowed after the third day through goals by Ali Mohammed Salmabad equalised soon after on of preliminary round matches Yaqoub and Abdulaziz Dallal nine minutes inspired by man of inG the Fifth Khalid bin Hamad needed a great display by man of the match, Hussain Ali. Futsal League for Youth Centres, the match for Al Dair goalkeeper Bani Jamra also won in the same People with Disabilities and Girls Sayed Mohammed Mustafa, who group by the same margin (7-2), (Khalid 5) on Wednesday at the made many fine saves many shots to be joint leader of the group with Khalifa Sports City in Isa Town. and kept his net still until the final man of the match Fadhel Abbas In Group 3 action, Ras Rumman quarter of the match. netting a hat-trick and involved in Youth Centre were 4-1 winners Earlier on Tuesday on second a number of assists. over Dar Kulaib Club thanks to day action in Group 2, Hoora and The league features 59 teams, a hat-trick by man of the match Gudaibiya demolished East Riffa divided into 36 youth centres Karranah beat Sadad awardee Fadhil Adel to put his 10-1 after man of the match Maher teams, 9 unregistered clubs, 8 team on top place in the group.
    [Show full text]
  • Country Advice
    Country Advice Bahrain Bahrain – BHR39737 – 14 February 2011 Protests – Treatment of Protesters – Treatment of Shias – Protests in Australia Returnees – 30 January 2012 1. Please provide details of the protest(s) which took place in Bahrain on 14 February 2011, including the exact location of protest activities, the time the protest activities started, the sequence of events, the time the protest activities had ended on the day, the nature of the protest activities, the number of the participants, the profile of the participants and the reaction of the authorities. The vast majority of protesters involved in the 2011 uprising in Bahrain were Shia Muslims calling for political reforms.1 According to several sources, the protest movement was led by educated and politically unaffiliated youth.2 Like their counterparts in other Arab countries, they used modern technology, including social media networks to call for demonstrations and publicise their demands.3 The demands raised during the protests enjoyed, at least initially, a large degree of popular support that crossed religious, sectarian and ethnic lines.4 On 29 June 2011 Bahrain‟s King Hamad issued a decree establishing the Bahrain Independent Commission of Investigation (BICI) which was mandated to investigate the events occurring in Bahrain in February and March 2011.5 The BICI was headed by M. Cherif Bassiouni and four other internationally recognised human rights experts.6 1 Amnesty International 2011, Briefing paper – Bahrain: A human rights crisis, 21 April, p.2 http://www.amnesty.org/en/library/asset/MDE11/019/2011/en/40555429-a803-42da-a68d-
    [Show full text]
  • US Embassy Bahrain Demonstration Notice 86
    U.S. Embassy Bahrain Demonstration Notice 86 – June 28, 2012 Spontaneous demonstrations take place in Bahrain from time to time in response to world events or local developments. United States citizens should keep current with media coverage of local events and be aware of their surroundings at all times. If you encounter a large public gathering or demonstration, depart the vicinity immediately. On Thursday 28 June at 1700 hours, wide spread demonstrations are expected / planned in Bani Jamra, Sitra, Nabih Saleh, Tubli, A’Ali, Dar Kulaib, Mugaba, Karranah, Abu Saiba, Jidhaffs, Bilad Al Qadeem, Diraz, Juffair, Naim and Dair. (Yellow Circles) On Friday 29 June at 1700 hours, a march is planned from the Shakhoora/Jannusan Roundabout to Sar Roundabout. (Green) In addition to the prohibited areas outlined in previous demonstration notices, U.S. citizen Embassy employees will be prohibited from traveling along all of Budaiya Highway and Avenue 35, as well as portions of Janubiya Highway and Avenue 77, from 1600 hours Thursday 28 June to 0600 hours Friday 29 June, and then again from 1600 hours on Friday 29 June to 0600 hours on Saturday 30 June – as indicated by the shaded yellow areas on the map below. There have been no direct attacks on U.S. citizens; however, spontaneous and at times violent anti-government demonstrations occur in some neighborhoods, particularly at night and on weekends. These demonstrations have included blockades of major highways with burning debris and establishment of unofficial checkpoints. Participants have thrown rocks and Molotov cocktails and used various other homemade weapons, including isolated use of improvised explosive devices.
    [Show full text]
  • WEBSITE Newsofbahrain.Com
    TWITTER SPORTS @newsofbahrain WORLD 6 India aims to reduce carbon footprint by 30-35 pc: Modi INSTAGRAM Teams set to arrive /newsofbahrain 22 for FIBA Asia LINKEDIN SUNDAY newsofbahrain NOVEMBER, 2020 qualifiers 210 FILS WHATSAPP ISSUE NO. 8664 Seven nations, in two 3844 4692 groups, set to play in FACEBOOK Bahrain games follow- /nobmedia ing the withdrawal of Korea | P12 MAIL [email protected] WEBSITE newsofbahrain.com Ryan Reynolds loves spending time with children 10 CELEBS BUSINESS 5 Britain and Canada sign post-Brexit rollover trade deal We are Proud of you HM King returns TDT | Manama is Majesty King Ham- Had bin Isa Al Khalifa returned from Abu Dhabi Saudi calls for affordable, after taking part in the tri- lateral summit. Jordanian monarch King Abdullah II ibn Al Hus - sain and Abu Dhabi Crown Prince and Deputy Supreme Commander of the UAE Armed Forces HH Shaikh ‘equitable’ vaccine access Mohammed bin Zayed Al Nahyan took part. The summit shed light on Saudi King Salman opens G20 Riyadh Summit, calls to reopen borders, economies strong fraternal relations and ways of boosting coop- eration in vital areas. In the draft Although we are optimistic about the communique Twitter to hand progress made in n The leaders noted the over @POTUS developing vaccines, coronavirus crisis had hit the therapeutics and most vulnerable in society account to Biden on diagnostics tools for hardest, and said some countries may need debt January 20 COVID-19, we must work relief beyond a temporary Reuters to create the conditions moratorium on official debt for affordable and payments now slated to end in witter Inc will transfer equitable access to June 2021.
    [Show full text]
  • Keeping Pace with ‘Changing Times’ Bahrain Takes Part in Global Technology Governance Summit; Fourth Industrial Revolution Discussed
    THURSDAY, APRIL 15, 2021 04 Keeping pace with ‘changing times’ Bahrain takes part in Global Technology Governance Summit; Fourth Industrial Revolution discussed Dr Al Aseeri hailed the• event as a great opportunity to have access to the latest trends in technology Topics also include global• technology governance, industry transformation, government transformation, and frontier technologies Building space science technology technology governance, indus- views on several topics related to positively to the outcome of such TDT | Manama try transformation, government the goals of the summit in which initiatives, which will undoubt- transformation, and frontier lecturers presented summaries edly bring about a major trans- technologies. of their ideas and experiences formation in the work of many he rate of innovation – Dr Al Aseeri hailed the sum- in several fields related to the entities, most notably the space from steam engines to mit as a great opportunity to ability to harness and spread sector,” Al Aseeri said. Telectrical outlets, to com- have access to the latest trends new technologies for the Fourth 2,000 Several specialised reports puter terminals to AI chatbots in technology. Industrial Revolution, he said. Global stakeholders from will be published on the most – is accelerating and the world “We can say that the Kingdom Such technologies will play a 125 countries took part in prominent future trends, and a is getting better for it. of Bahrain is witnessing a tech- major role in ensuring that the the summit group of countries have pledged National Space Science Au- There is no doubt nological impetus that keeps world recovers from the epi - to implement important com- thority (NSSA) Chief Executive that Bahrain is pace with global changes.
    [Show full text]
  • Secondary School Effectiveness: an Empirical Study in the Country of Bahrain
    Secondary school effectiveness: An empirical study in the country of Bahrain By Tahani Hasan Ali Maki A Thesis Submitted for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Brunel Business School Brunel University London August 2017 Abstract Bahrain is a developed country that faces different economic and political challenges. Economically, Bahrain depends mostly on oil. However, there are some attempts to diversify its economy. Bahrain has established several economic projects to boost its economy including Bahrainization (Nationalization), Tamkeen (Labour fund), the Bahrain Business Incubator center, the banking sector, transport and communication, manufacturing and education. The Ministry of Education has established various educational projects to accommodate Bahrain Vision 2030, which aims to diversify the economy of Bahrain, building strategies of government and encouragement of a partnership between the private and public sector and the provision of an effective education system based on well trained teachers, enhancing the performance of public schools, provision of equal education opportunities for all students and improving and encouraging scientific education. This study investigates the different measures of secondary school effectiveness in Bahrain as a result of the new development of the education system in Bahrain including both teaching and improvement programs. These were initiated by the Ministry of Education in Bahrain and educational specialists. The literature reviews showed that secondary school effectiveness has been examined using specific factors – students’ performance, teachers’ performance, leadership. However, other factors such as leader-member exchange, value congruence, supportive supervisor communication and task performance have not been investigated well in the education sector and at the secondary school level in particular. The aim of this research is to investigate the impact of leader-member exchange, value congruence, supportive supervisor communication and task performance on secondary school effectiveness in Bahrain.
    [Show full text]
  • Data Source: FAO, UN and Water Resources
    GROUNDWATER WATER DAY SPECIAL How bad is it already Aquifers under most stress are in poor and populated regions, where alternatives are limited Shrinking source Ganga-Brahmaputra Basin in 145 km3 21 8 India, Nepal and Bangladesh, More than half of the world's major aquifers, The amount of of world's 37 largest aquifer of these 21 aquifer systems North Caucasus Basin in Russia groundwater the systemsÐshaded in redÐlost are overstressed, which and Canning Basin in Australia which store groundwater, are depleting faster world extracts water faster than they could be means they get hardly any have the fastest rate of depletion than they can be replenished every year recharged between 2003 and 2013 natural recharge in the world Aquifer System where groundwater levels are depleting Pechora Basin Tunguss Basin (in millimetres per year) 3.038 1.664 Aquifer System where groundwater levels are increasing Northern Great Ogallala Aquifer Cambro-Ordovician Russian Platform Basin (in millimetres per year) 4.011 Yakut Basin Plains Aquifer (High Plains) Aquifer System 2.888 Map based on data collected by 4.954 0.309 2.449 NASA's Grace satellite between 2003 and 2013 Paris Basin 4.118 Angara-Lena Basin 3.993 West Siberian Basin Californian Central Atlantic and Gulf Coastal 1.978 Valley Aquifer System Plains Aquifer 8.887 5.932 Tarim Basin Song-Liao Basin North Caucasus Basin 0.232 2.4 Northwestern Sahara Aquifer System 16.097 Why aquifers are important 2.805 Nubian Aquifer System 2.906 North China Aquifer System Only three per cent of the world's water
    [Show full text]
  • US Military Policy in the Middle East an Appraisal US Military Policy in the Middle East: an Appraisal
    Research Paper Micah Zenko US and Americas Programme | October 2018 US Military Policy in the Middle East An Appraisal US Military Policy in the Middle East: An Appraisal Contents Summary 2 1 Introduction 3 2 Domestic Academic and Political Debates 7 3 Enduring and Current Presence 11 4 Security Cooperation: Training, Advice and Weapons Sales 21 5 Military Policy Objectives in the Middle East 27 Conclusion 31 About the Author 33 Acknowledgments 34 1 | Chatham House US Military Policy in the Middle East: An Appraisal Summary • Despite significant financial expenditure and thousands of lives lost, the American military presence in the Middle East retains bipartisan US support and incurs remarkably little oversight or public debate. Key US activities in the region consist of weapons sales to allied governments, military-to-military training programmes, counterterrorism operations and long-term troop deployments. • The US military presence in the Middle East is the culmination of a common bargain with Middle Eastern governments: security cooperation and military assistance in exchange for US access to military bases in the region. As a result, the US has substantial influence in the Middle East and can project military power quickly. However, working with partners whose interests sometimes conflict with one another has occasionally harmed long-term US objectives. • Since 1980, when President Carter remarked that outside intervention in the interests of the US in the Middle East would be ‘repelled by any means necessary’, the US has maintained a permanent and significant military presence in the region. • Two main schools of thought – ‘offshore balancing’ and ‘forward engagement’ – characterize the debate over the US presence in the Middle East.
    [Show full text]
  • BPA-2019-Report-En-Final-01.Pdf
    Bahrain in 2019... A Cybercrime Syndrome The tenth annual report Freedom of press in Bahrain 2019 Organization concerned with defending freedom of expression in Bahrain Founded in London 9th July 2011 All Rights Received E-mail: [email protected] website: www.bahrainpa.org Special Thanks to the National Endowment for Democracy for the continuous support The tenth annual report of the Bahrain Press Association The tenth annual report of the Bahrain Press Cybercrime Syndrome A Bahrain in 2019: BPA رابطة الصحافة البحرينية @BahrainPA · May 03, 2020 @BahrainPA Introduction The year 2019 marked a milestone at the level of the Bahraini authorities targeting of media freedoms, freedom of expression, and the right to 03 engage in journalistic work. It is one of the worst years when compared to all previous years, specifically since the beginning of the political and security crisis in early 2011. The very name of the tenth annual report of the Bahrain Press Association, Bahrain 2019: a Cybercrime Syndrome, indicates the security authorities’ overtly frantic vision of any healthy practice of freedom of expression as a crime. Expressing opinions about the state and its policies is a cybercrime that, always and forever, aims to spread false news, split the national unity line, provoke sedition, threaten civil peace and social fabric, and to destabilize security in Bahrain. Bahrainis’ These charges have been replicated in all cases of arrest, exercise of investigation, and judicial trials that affected Bahrainis over their natural the past year. Through this policy, the state seeks to tighten its right to grip on the cyberspace after had taken absolute control of the expression local press on the one hand, and banning all forms of political association on the other.
    [Show full text]
  • Health 360° Network List
    Health 360° Network List Sr ProviderName Type No. 1 Al Amal Hospital Hospital 2 Al Hilal Multispecialty Hospital-Bahrain Hospital 3 Al Kindi Specialised Hospital Hospital 4 AL RAYAN HOSPITAL SPC Hospital 5 American Mission Hospital Hospital 6 American Mission Hospital -Saar Branch Hospital 7 American Mission Hospital -Amwaj Branch Polyclinic 8 Middle East Hospital Hospital 9 Middle East Medical Center Hidd Polyclinic 10 Middle East Medical Center Salmabad Polyclinic 11 Awali Hospital Hospital 12 Mahroos Diabetes Center Hospital 13 Bahrain Specialist Hospital Hospital 14 Bahrain Specialist Hospital Clinics Clinic 15 BDF Hospital (Royal Medical Services) Hospital 16 Gulf Dental Speciality Hospital Hospital 17 Al Senan Medical Center Polyclinic 18 Irish Speciality Clinics Clinic 19 HAFFADH SPECIALISED DENTAL HOSPITAL Hospital 20 Ram Dental Hospital Hospital 21 Ibn Al-Nafees Hospital Hospital 22 International Medical City Hospital Hospital 23 KIMS Bahrain Medical Center Hospital 24 KING HAMAD UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL Hospital 25 Noor Specialist Hospital Hospital 26 Royal Bahrain Hospital Hospital 27 UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER OF KING ABDULLAH MEDICAL CITY Hospital 28 Al Bayan Medical Center Medical Center 29 2 SMILE SPECIALIZED DENTAL CENTER Dental Clinic 30 Al Jishi Specialist Dental (Dr. Haitham Al-Jishi) Dental Clinic AL RABEEH DENTAL CLINIC Dental Clinic 31 New Al-Rabeeh Gate Dental Clinic Dental Clinic 32 33 Dr.Balqees Abdulla Tawash Dental Center Dental Clinic 34 CERAM DENTAL SPECIALIST CENTER Dental Clinic 35 Dr. Ali Mattar Clinic Dental Clinic 36 Dr. Amal Al Samak Dental Centre Dental Clinic 37 Dr. Lamya Mahmood Clinic Dental Clinic 38 Dr. Lamya Mahmood Clinic Dental Clinic 39 Dr. Mariam Habib Dental Clinic Dental Clinic 40 Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • 26 Private Firms Suspended for Violating Ad Regulations DT News Network Taken,” the Official Commented in a [email protected] Press Statement Issued Yesterday
    Monday, January 29, 2018 3 26 private firms suspended for violating ad regulations DT News Network taken,” the official commented in a [email protected] press statement issued yesterday. Al Ghatam affirmed that the Manama campaigns against such violations will he Northern Governorate has continue. suspended more than 25 private “The municipality shall remove the establishmentsT for advertisement advertisements that violate regulations regulation violations. and report the companies to legal Northern Area Municipality affairs, which would communicate General Director Yousif Al Ghatam with them to remove the violations yesterday confirmed that the and pay fines of up to BD300. We have municipality’s inspectors detected removed over 300 such advertisements over 300 advertisements that flouted in different parts of the governorate regulations in the governorate during within the first 14 days of the year,” the first two weeks of January. he added. Al Ghatam said the Commercial The Municipality’s Inspection Registrations (CRs) of 26 private Department Head Abdulaziz Al Wadi establishments were suspended over explained that the campaign also advertisements offences, which include included illegal street vendors and cars posting ads on public areas without displayed for sale in public places. obtaining the necessary permit. Al Wadi said 15 raids on illegal “There are companies that vendors were conducted this year, unrightfully used specially allocated while the owners of 70 vehicles sites for commercial advertisements unlawfully displayed for sale in public and without obtaining the necessary areas were fined and notified to remove licenses. The CRs of these companies their cars, adding that the campaigns have been suspended and the included areas such as Hamad Town, procedures to refer them to legal Jasra, Hamala, Budaiya, Hajar, Sehla affairs in the municipality have been and Abusaiba.
    [Show full text]