E-2 7
NATIONAL ROAD ROUTE 210 FROM BAOTOU TO NANNING HIGHWAY
Public Disclosure Authorized SECTION FROM BAOTOU TO DONGSHENG
AND
NATIONAL ROAD ROUTE 208 FROM ERLIAN TO HEKO HIGHWAY
SECTION FROM BAIYINCAGAN TO FENGZHENG Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized
TE- TRAFFIC DEPARTMENT OF INNER MONGOLIA AUTONOMOUS REGION Public Disclosure Authorized DECEMBER 1997 TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. General Description 2. Project Description 3. Environment Condition and Sensitive Points 4. Environmental Impacts 5. Environmental Mitigation Measures 6. Alternatives Analysis 7. Outline of Environment Action Plan Environment Cost 8. Benefit Analysis Of The Environment Economy 9. Public Participation 10. Conclusion
Appendices 1: National road route 210 BaoTou to DongSheng highway Appendixl-l Sensitive sites along the road statistical results Appendixl-2 Machi branch sensitive sites statistical results Appendixl-3 Ditstribution of Historic Relics along the Highway Route Appendixl-4 Sensitive areas (points) resent traffic noise statistical results Appendixl-5 Machi branch sensitive areas (points) resent traffic noise statistical Results Appendixl-6 Air environmental CO monitoring results Appendixl-7 Air environmentalNO, monitoring results Appendixl-8 Building Dismantling Works Appendixl-9 Sensitive Spots Overproof Forecast Value of EnvironmentalNoise Statistics Appendix 1-10 The Effecting Degrees of Sensitive Spots Atmospheric To The Protected Goal Appendixl-11 Noise Control Measure for Sensitive Sites Appendixl-12 Comparison Results for the Route Schemes Appendixl-13 Statistics Retrieved from Questionnaires for Public Consultation Appendixl-14 Statistics Retrieved from Questionnaires for Public Consultation
Appendices 2:National Road Route 208 Baiyinchagan To Fengzhen Highway Appendix 2-1 Sensitive sites along the road statistical'results Appendix 2-2 Sensitive spots existing environmentalnoise monitoring statistical Results Appendix 2-3 Air environmental CO monitoring results Appendix 2-4 Air environmental NO, monitoring results Appendix 2-5 Air environmental TSP. monitoring results Appendix 2-6 Sensitive Spots Noise Overproof Value Appendix 2-7 The Effecting Degrees To The Protected Goal (In Far Term) Appendix2-8 Noise Control Measure for Sensitive Sites Appendix 2-9 Environmental Monitoring Program Appendix 2-10 Comparison Results for the Route Schemes Appendix 2-11 Statistics Retrieved from Questionnaires for Public Consultation Appendix 2-12 Statistics Retrieved from Questionnaires for Public Consultation
2 1. GENERAL DESCRIPTION
1.1 The highwayBaoTou to D6ngShengis a sectionof the National Road 210 From NanNing-BaoTou in Inner Mongolia.The highwayBaiyincagan to Fengzhen is a sectionof the NationalRoad 208 Erlian-Hekou in InnerMongolia.
Its constructionhave important political and economic significancein developingeconomic, cultural, hygienic and educationalundertakings in minority nationalityregions and in promoting the stability and unity on the northem borderterritory of country.
In April. 1996. the CommunicationDepartment of Inner Mongoliaentrusted the EnvironmentalScience Research Institute of Inner Mongolia ( with class A evaluation certificate issued by the National EnviromnentalProtection Bureau) to carry out the work of the environmentalimpact assessmentof the projects.The EnvironmentalScience Research Institute of Inner Mongoliacompleted the on-the-spotsurvey required by the environmental evaluation outline by June. 1996. And in July. 1996. the National EnvironmentalProtection Bureau and the Inner Mongolia EnvironmentalProtection Bureau organizedthe evaluationand examination of the environmentalevaluation outline. EIA was made ready in July. 1997 based on a great quantityof work. (on-the-spotinvestigation, monitoring, analysing, forecastingand public investigation).
1.2 Aims of Working Out the Project
1) Through investigationand assessmentof the natural, ecologicaland social environmentsof the to be built project areas, to analyze and forecastthe various effectsand extentspossible for the project to bring about to the environmentsduring and after the project constructionperiod, so as to expound and verify the feasibiliesof the constructionand routeschemes of the projectfrom environmentprotection angles.
2)To put forward practical environment protection measures, plans of environmentprotection and of environmentmonitoring so as to reduceor eliminateunfavorable effects brought about by the project.
3) To provide scientificbasis for departmentsof environmentaldesigning and of environmentprotection managementand policymakers.
4) To cause harrnonioussurrounding economic development of projectspot areas.
1.3. Basis of Working Out thc Project
1.3.1 Document and Data Concerning the Credit Project.
National road route 208 BaiyinchaGanto FengZhenhighway: 1) Inner Mongolia Traffic Designing Institute: "Feasibility Research Report of the Project of the Baiyincagan-FengzhenSection of NationalRoad 208 Erlian-hekoHighway." 2) "EnvironmentalImpact AssessmentOutline for the Projectof NationalRoad 208 from Baiyincaganto FengzhenSection." 3) Inner MongoliaEnvironment Protection Bureau documentI.E.D[19973 No. 18 "Opinionson Highway EnviromnentalImpact AssessmentOutline of National Road208 Baiyincagan-FengzhenSection."
Nationalroad route 210 BaoTouto DongSlienghighway: 1) "FeasibilityResearch Report of the Projectfor the Baotou- DongshengSection of Baotou-Nanning Highwayof National RoadRoute 210".
2) "AssessmentOutline of EnvironmentalEffects of the Baotou-DongshengSection of the Highwayof the National Road Route 210".
3)"AssessmentIdeas of the Assessment Outline of Environment Effects of the Baotou-Dongshing Section of the Highwayof the NationalRoad Route 21 0". 4)"Reply Letter of Examination Ideas for the AssessmentOutline of EnvironmentEffects of the Baotou- Dongsheng Section of the Highwayof the NationalRoad Route 210".
1.3.2 Environment Protection Laws and Regulations
1) "ManagementMethods for ConstructionProject Environment Protection" 2) "Some Opinions on ConstructionProject Environment Protection" 3) "Management Methods for Traffic BuildingProject Environment Protection" 4)"Notice concerning Strengthening Management Work of International Financial Organization Credit ProjectEnvironmental Effect Assessment." 5) "Implementation Detailed Rules of Inner Mongolian Autonomous Region building Project EnvironmentProtection ManagementMethods"
1.3.3 Environment Protection Laws and Regulations by Credit Organizations
1) "World Bank Work Guides for EnvironmentProtection" 2) Guiding Principles 4.01 of World Bank and AttachedArticles
1.4 Assessment Scope
1) Atmosphereand Noise Within the 200 limits on both sides along the line of the Highway.
2) Ecological Environments Current situation investigation of ecological environments takes 500-lOOOmlimits on both sides of the Highway as its working scope.
3) Social EconomyEnvironments (1)Nationalroad route 208 BaiyinchaGanto FengZhen highway: The project's direct effect area of CahaeryouyihouBanner , Jining city, CahaeryouyiqianBanner and Fengzhen City is taken as its assessmentscope, with nearby areas on both sides along the Highway route as its stress.
(2)Nationalroad route 2 10 BaoTouto DongShenghighway: The project's direct effect area of Baotou City, Dalate Banner and Dongsheng City is taken as its assessmentscope, with nearby areas on both sides along the Highway route as its stress.
1.5 Assessment Standards
1) Atmosphere:The Class B standards of "EnvironmentalAir Quality Standards"GB3085-1996 is carried out. 2) Noise: "EnvironmentalNoise Standards of Urban Areas" GB 3096- 93 is carried out (Inhabitants:Class 4, Schools:Class 2).
1.6 Assessment Year Intervals
1) National road route 208 BaivinchaGanto FengZhen highway: Highwayconstruction period: 1997-2000Year. Highwayservice period: serviceperiod Short term 2001 Year serviceperiod Middle term 2007 Year serviceperiod Long term 2015 Year
2) National road route 210 BaoTou to DongShenghighway: Highway constructionperiod: 1997-2000. Highwayservice-period: Short term: 2000 Middle tern: 2010 Long term: 2020
2 1.7 Contents of Work
1) Assessmentsof present ecologicalenvironment situation and of the impacts; 2) Assessmentsof present social economicenvironmental situation and of the impacts; 3) Assessmentsof present environmentalnoise situationand of theirimpacts; 4) Assessmentsof present atmosphericenvironmental situation and of the impacts; 5) Environmnentprotection measures; 6) Substitutionscheme analysis; 7) Beneficialresults analysis of environmentaleconomic beneficial results; 8) Plans for environmentalprotection management and for environmentalmonitoring; 9) Public participation
2. PROJECT DESCRIPTION
2.1 National road route 210 BaoTou to DonaSheng highway
2.1.1 Geographic Location
The Highway to be built is that from Baotou to Dongsheng, a section of the National Road Route 210 within the area of Inner Mongolia AutonomousRegion, its starting point in Baotou City, and its ending point in Dongsheng City. The Highway total length 103.3 km.The route goes through Baotou City, Dalate Banner and DongshengCity of YikezhaoLeague area.
2.1.2 Construction Standards
Technical Standards and ConstructionStandards seen Table. Technical Standardsand ConstructionStandards Road section Mileage Construction standards Width of (Krn) roadbed (m) KO+000 - K10+500 10.5 Old roadbed widened full width to Class A 24.5 K10+500 - K15+200 4.7 ClassASeparationtype Old 12.0 New 12.5 K15+200 - K40+500 25.3 Newly built full width Class A 24.5 K40+500 - K91t+000 50.5 ClassASeparationtype Old 12.0 ______~~~~~~New12.5 K91+00 K103+300 12.3 Newly built normal Class B 12.0 Machi branch 12.0 Newly built normal Class B 12.0 Dongsheng Linkin Line 2.4 Newly built full width Class A 24.5 | Total 11T7. Note: Here in above "Old" standing for original old road sectionswith the old road surface solidlyrepaired and "New"for newlybuilt road sections.
2.1.3 Technical Standard
Roadsection Road section Description standard: Class I standard: Class 11 Designed car running speed 100 80 kmlhr Roadbedwidth 24.5 12.0 m Road surface width 16.0 9.0 m Sight distance for stopping 160 110 m Level curve limit minimum radius 400 250 m Max. toprake 4 5 .% Net width of big and middlesizedbridgesurface 2 x 10.75 9+2 x 1.5 in Road surface set-up form Superbsurfacc (bitulith) Superb surface (bitulith)
2.1.4 ConnectingLines
There aze two sections of connecting lines, total length 14.4 km. Machi ConnectingLine: Its total length
3 is 12 km, built to the Class 11 highway standard. Dongsheng ConnectingLine: Its total length is 2.4 km, built to the Class I highway standard with a width 24.5 m of the roadbed.
2.1.5 Bridge and Culvert Projects
Two great bridges are to be built: Yellow River Bridge 810 m long, 12 m wide; HetonggouBridge, "T" type beam with 4 apertures of 30.0 m prestressing force. Also there are to be built 2 middle-typebridges. 24 small bridges, 48 passagesand 241 culverts. For Marchi Branch Line 3 bridges of one opening, 8.0 ni long and 1 passage.
2.1.6 Overpass Projects
For all the route 5 overpasses of interIlowing type are to be built, and 5 crossing overpassesfor highway-railroadcrosses. In Baotou City's urban areas are to be built 10 level overpasses,as well as 15 such for the Dongsheng section. And one overpass for the Machi Branclhhighway-railroad cross.
2.1.7 Facilities along the Route
For the whole route there's one servicearea provided,and other facilities along the route are: traffic safety facilities, traffic managing facilities and the fees collecting svstem ( for the whole route 4 fees collecting stations set).
2.1.8 Investment
Investmentfor the highwayto be built is 165 million US dollars, amounting to RMIB1374 million yuan, in which 45% is to be borrowed from the World Bank while the remainder settled by the Ministry of Conmmunicationsand Inner Mongolia AutonomousRegion.
2.1.9 Overall Rate of Advance Plan
June 1995-Dec. 1997 Initial stage work 1998 - 2000 Construction End of 2000 Completedand open to traffic.
2.2 National road route 208 BaiyinchaGan to FengZhen highway
2.2.1 The starting spot of the intended highway is in the north to the town Baiyinchagan, in the locality 156+000,with the main control spots along the route as: Daliuhao, east to Jining, Tuguiwula, Hongshaba and Fengzhen, and the end on the commonboundary with Shanxi Province, the total length 142 km. The run of the route is S-N.
2.2.2 Construction Scope and Technical Standards
The Main Techni-al Standard Targets Index Unit K156+000 - K226+000 K226+000 - K288+000
_K288+000 - K298+000 Construction Standard The Class 11 Special for Class B Roadbed Width m 12.0 12.0 Road Surface Width m 9.0 9.0 Designed Car Running Speet kmlh 80 80 Level Curve Limit Minimum m 250 250 Radius . Sight Distance For Stopping m 110 110 Max. Top Rake % 5 5 NetWidth Of _,BigandMiddlc m 11 + 2 x 0.5 11 + 2 0.5 Sized Bridge Surface .
4 The highwvaysection fromrBaivinchlagan to Jining (K156+000-K226+000)is to be built in linc vith general flat-hill area standards of Class 11,with roadbed 12m.wide and 9m. width of the roadsurface.The length of this section is 70km., of which 47. lkm is the original road transformed,15.9km. with the route 110 made use of and the branches, and 7.0km. ncwlybuilt road.
The section from Jining to Fengzhen (K226+000 - K288+000),of mountainous-hillyarea, is to be built with the technical staridardsof flat-hill area of mobile-specializedClass- 11 adopted, its roadbed 12m wide and road surface 9.Om.of width. All length of the section is 62km.. of wvhich3.6km. has the original route 208 utilized, 8.2km. the original road transformedand 50.2km the road newlybuilt.
The section K288+000 - K29S+000,of which 3km. beiig the original route 208 made usc of, and 7km. the original road transformed.
2.2.3 Branches
the Branches highway: I.Okmbranch by Daliuhao,5.0kmby Tuguiwula,both making the total of 6.0km.
2.2.4 Roadbed
When the route passing through streets of rather important towns, the roadbedis not to be raised than the usual height.
For the transformedsections of the original highway,the roadbedis to be widenedby both sides.
2.2.5 Bridges and Culverts
It is needed to build 10 big or medium sized bridges (for 592.7m. extended), overall utilize 2 original medium-sizedbridges (for 85m. extended), build 20 new small bridges (for 263.5m. extended), utilize io original small bridges (for lOOm.extended), build 169 new culvertsand utilize 39 originalculverts.
2.2.6 Crisscross Works one overpass for newly-builthighway and railroadis to build. A level-crossingis to build for the highway and the specialized railway at Daliuhao. At Jining and Fengzhen there are 3 crisscrossesutilized. For crisscross works of provincial, county or township level roads, all are considered to build level crossings, with 10 allover the line.
2.2.7 Facilities along the Route Along the route there are such facilities:facilities for traffic safety and traffic managementand 4 charge collectingstations.
2.2.8 Project Time Limit Arrangement Constructiontime lirmitfor this project is 3 years: 1998 - 2000.
2.2.9 InvestmentEstimate The investment estimatedfor the intended project is 359.842million yuan (R.M.B.).
2.2.10 Road Building Materials Steels, woodsand cement neededare supplied by Jining and Fengzhen. The rich and high-quality sand, rock and lime along the route can directlyput to use in the constructionof the project.
3. ENVIRONMENT CONDITION AND SENSITIVE POINTS
3.1 National road route 210 BaoTou to I)nn,Sh," higha
3.1.1 Natural Environment
r 1) Geomorphology: The north part of Baotou-DongshengHighway area is at the edge of the alluvial-pluvialplain in front of the Yinshan Range, and the south part in the Erduose Plateau. The landform of the area along the Highway is the south higher than the north. Along the route geomorphologymay be divided into four classes. i.e., geomorphologicalzones of pluvial alluvial plain zone, river flat zone, KubuqiDesert zone and hilly dissectedzone.
2) Climate and Meteorology: Features of the climate: areas along the route are of typical arid-scmiarid continental climates, with strong sunshine, arid and lacking rains, rainfalls concentrated, mainly distributing in months from July to September.Here winds are strong with plenty of sand, ranges of temperaturesgreat, and the frostlessseason is very short.
3) Surface water Surface water bodies along the highway route to be built mainly are: the Yellow River, Hantai River and Hetong Ditch. The YellowRiver is the second longest river of China, its yearly average flow 824 m3/s, frozen up in winter, while Hantai River and Hetong Ditch are seasonal rivers, without all year flowsbut with water flowing in wet seasons or in rains.
4) Hydrology With atmospheric precipitation as its main source of supply, the underground water along the whole route is principally of stratum pore phreatic water of the Fourth Era, mainly imbedding in the pluvial- alluvial strata of the Fourth Era under the plain areas of the Yellow River Bend and rivcr valleys of Hantai River and of various branch ditches, their imbeddingsshallow with rich water yield.
5) Mineral Resources Mineral resources are utterly abundant in this area. The demonstrated reserves of Baotou's rare earth resourcesare approximately over 100 million tons, accounting for 90% of the country's total reserves and 70% of the world's total reserves. YikezhaoLeague area is famous for its concentratedextent of resources rarely seen in the world, mainly coal, natural gas. tronite trona. reussin, salt, all with very rich reserves,of which coal field proved reserves more than a hundred billion tons, ore expectant669 billion tons.
3.1.2 Social and Economic Environment
1) PopulationDistribution along the Route The influenced region of the project is inhabited by many minority nationalities with Mongolians as mainstayand Han the majority, its directlyinfluenced area populatior. 1.722million. The averagepopulation density in the area along the route is 84.7 persons/km2. higher tha't the avcrage level of thc whole Inner Mongolia,but lower than that of the entire country.
2)Social and Economic The areas the Highway going through are the economic developmentzones with enriched resources of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, having enormous latent developing capacity. Baotou City is the greatest developing industrial city of Inner Mongolia AutonomousRegion, a city giving priority to heavy industry. The Yikezhao League rea is celebrated for its being the zone of resources enrichment seldomseenin the world. The present regional economyof Yikezhao League area is one witlhagriculture and animal husbandry as its mainstay.
3) Living Standards A disproportion exists in living standards of inhabitants along the route: those of Baotou City, Dalate Banner and Dongsheng City higher, lower for the great majority of farmers and herdsmen along the route, and some parts being povertystricken areas.
4) Education, Culture and Hygiene Along the route, educational,cultural and hygienic organs mainly group in urban areas, of which Baotou City takesa significant position in educational,cultural and hygienicconditions in the AutonomousRegion, Dongsheng City of normal level and DalateBanner comparativelybackward.
6 5) Tourism Resources In the project influencing region, there exist comparativelyrich tourism resources, but presently they cannot be fully exploiteddue to causes of inconvenienttraffic and communicationconditions.
6) Cultural Relics and HistoricSites There are 4 major ancient historical remains distributing wvithin200 m. limits on both sides along the Highway,but no historic reservationspots (areas)of State or AutonomousRegion level discovered.
3.1.3 Ecological Environment
1) Vegetation and Plant Resources In this region the vegetationassessed is of drv steppe one, with main natural vegetationtypes needlegrass and thymes formation as the representativecommunity, distributing interlaced with dry farm lands. The region assessed has only poor plant resources.There long- run overherding has resulted in serious degeneration of meadows.Distribution of plant species varies to a rather hiigh extent. Here in this region there is not rare natural plant in imminentdanger.
2) Current Situation of Animal Resources Through investigationalong the route, there's no rare animal of national protection in imminent danger discovered.There are not many animal species distributed in this region except for lots of birds, besides, numeroushousekept sheep or goats.
3) Soil Erosion Along the Highway route there exist bad soil erosion and serious land desertification, dominant in compound erosion by both wind and water. Witlhinthe assessed region, current desertificatedland area 21.7 kin2.
3.1.4 Current Situation of Noise
The noise source of the two sectionsof Highwayto be built, the one throughBaotou's urban area and the other of Linking Line near DongshengCity proper, widenedon the basis of the original roadbed, now both sides already urbanized, is mainly traffic noise.Theother regions, being rural areas, pastoral areas and desert areas, within the 200m limits on both sides of the intendedHighway route there are only 7 villages and 4 schools, there no fixed noise pollutingsource of higher levelsinvolved. The result of monitoring shows: in the widened Higlhwayroute sections, current traffic noise surpassed the noise standard mainly due to very high proportion of heavy vehiclespassing through; all environmental noise values of other sensitive plots along the route were normalby the standard.
3.1.5 AtmosphericEnvironment
In the intended Highway areas, chief atmospheric polluting sources concentratively distribute in the cities and towns the Highway passing through. Within the assessed atmospheric environment along the Highwayroute, exceptthe section going through Baotou City area and the Dongsheng linking line section near the urban area receiving the influence of the atmospheric polluting sources, the atmospheric environmentsof other areas are not affectedby the atmosphericindustrial polluting source. The regional atmospheric qualities are basically showing no difference.except TSP exceeding standard recorded in the urban section of Baotou City, others areas along the to be built Highwayroute are all rather clean with decent environmentalatmosphere quality.
3.1.6 EnvironmentSensitive Points
Via surveys,within the 200m scope along the route, there are 7 villages, 4 schools,no specially sensitive spots of hospitals, health resorts or places of historic interest and scenic beauty.
3.2 Nationalroad route 208 BaivinchaGanto FengZhenhighway
3.2.1 Natural Environment
7 1) The section of the intended highwaybetween Bayinchagan and Jining is within plain and low hill area, and that betweenJining and Fengzhen is within mountainousand higlhhill area. The total length of the line passing the plain and low hill area is approximately70km, and that passing the mountainousand high hill area is approximately62km.
2) The formation and the distribution of the ground water of the area along the route depend on such *factorsas meteorology lithologyand geomorphic landform. The climate along route is arid and the water flow of the ground surface running dry. The main source of the ground water dependson the precipitationto make up. The ground water is generally within the depth of ten meters in the area in the north to Jining ard buried relativelydeeper in the ground in the area on the south of Jining.
3) The area of the intended project is located in mid-temporatezone of the continentalmonsoon climate. The annual amount of precipitation is generally between 150 and 400 mm and is often focusedwithin July and August. taking up 51-58% of the amunl amount of precipitation.The yearly average temperature is between0 'C and 7 C. The all year wind direction are mainly inclined to northwest. The mean annual wind speed is between 2.2 and 5 m/second.The annual humidity is inostli between45 and 60%.
4) The ground water bodiesalong the intended highwaymainily includes Bawang Riverand Yinma River, etc. all seasonal rivers. The run-offs are mostly focused in the flood season of July and August with an occupationof about 20-80% of the annual run-offs.In other seasons,the flow of water is very little and often cut off.
5)There are no natural reserves in the area along the intended highway route. On both sides of the highway, the biological resources are mainly farm crop resourcesand wild plants.
6) The natural conditionsare no good in the area along the route with bad ecologicalenvironments. Due to arid weathers with strong winds and rare precipitations,' the area suffers from wiind orosioDv , desertification and soil erosion with rains but from droughts without rain, added with large areas of land reclamation, resulting in the unbalance of ecologicalenvironments with ceaseless extension of the area of wind-erodingand weatheredland, the advance of desertificationsurpassing that of harnessing.
7) There are rich mineral resources in the regions along the route, with 69 kinds now verified. Metal mines are mainly of iron, chromium, aluminium, copper, gold, and so on, with rather big reserves. Non- metal mines have many categories with big reserves, mainly of floatstone, fluorite, limestone, marble, graphite, coal, and so forth.
3.2.2 Social and Economic Environment
1) The average population density in the area along the route is 105 persons/kM2 , hligherthan the average level of the whole Inner Mongolia,but lower than that of the entire country.
2)The areas passed by the route are mostly of poor Banners (counties), regions of economically undevelopedarea, the regional economygiving its main place to agriculture and animal husbandry. 3)The living standards of the inhabitants along the route are ratlherlow, people in most regions being improverished,their undertakingsof culture, hygiene and education also rather backward.
4) Communicationshere are mainly by railwaysand highways,without aviation and water transport.
5)The natural environments along the route are comparatively bad, rather poor in natural tourist resources.
6)Within the 200m limits on both sides along the intendedhighway route,via the on-the-spotsurvey made by the cultural relics departments,no historic preservations(spots) have been disovered.
3.2.3 Ecological Environment
1) In the assessed areas, the natural plant resourcesare poor, mainly existing plants of the grass family,
8 the goosefoots,the bean or pea family, the compositefamily, etc. Plant categoriesin the area along the route are mostlyextensively distributed specieswithout rare plant species in imminent extinct danger.
2)The regional animal make-up is rather poor, with relatively poor species. All species are extensively distributed ones, without rare animal species in imminent extinct danger inside the assessedarea.
3)The soil categories along the route are mainly of types of chestnut soil, marshy grassland soil, blown- sand soil and badius soil, with low contents of organic matter and deficientin nutrient, unfavorablefor plant growing.
4)Land use forms alone the roiiteare principallyof farming,with animal husbandryas auxiliary.
3.2.4 Current Situation of Noise
By day the noise equivalent level along the route does not excced 60 dB(A), and at night not cxceed 50 dB(A),most districts here of rather quiet ones.
3.2.5 Atmospheric Environment
The regional atmospheric qualities are basically showing no difference.During the monitoring periods, the area's wind speed being rather high, in winter there being scarce ground surface vegetation,raising dust on the ground surface easily formed, the air has ratlherhigh TSP concentrationwithin, it surpassing the criteria standards, but rather low NOx and CO concentrations,resulting in rather clean content of air.
3.2.6 Environment Sensitive Points
Via surveys,within the 200m scope along the route, there art 21 villagcs, 1 school, no specially sensitive spots of hospitals,health resorts or places of historic interestand scenic bcauty.
4. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS
4.1 The National road route 210 BaoTou to DongShenghighway
4.1,1 Social and Economic Environmental Impacts
4.1.1.1 Impacts on Social Environmental
1) Impacts on Population The population of the project directly effected area accountfor about 1.722million.
2) Arrangement for Removal Arrangement for removal will be in the charge of local govemments and village committees to help settledown nearby, and compensationsfor removal granted by building organs. In orderfor arranging work to be carried out appropriatelyand smoothly,there will be provided extra personnel and organs by building units for laying down correspondingarranging measures and implementing plans. Because of not big quantity of removal and arranging nearby, this job doesn't badly affect the living of householdsto remove, and their environmental living conditions mayeven be renewed and improved.
3) Public Facilities (1) Traffic and Transport Short term: during the construction, some inconveniencefor traffic will be brought about in widened road sectionsand junctions. (2) Public Facilities along the Route 299 electric- telecommunicationposts will be removed.Well arranging substitution lines prior to removal of olds will not produceaffections on transmissionof power and telecommunications.
9 4) Social Security (1) Social Stability With regard to improving mutual trust and understanding of respective nationalities of the region, to promoting solidarity and progress of various nationalities and to maintaining social stability, it bears great significance. (2) Traffic Accidents Completion of the Highway and its being put into service will extrcmcly improve traffic conditions. consequentlyreduce the occurrence rate of traffic accidents.
5) Affectionsof Highway Separation Correspondingpassages and bridge culverts set up along the to be built Highwayroute may meet the need of inhabitants on both sides of the Highway and nearbycuttinig across the route or the nceds of industrial and agriculturalproduction. The Highway to be built will cut off some parts of irrigating channels, producing some infavorable influenceon partial farm field irrigation.
6) Employment The project to be built may greatly increase employmentsdirectly or indirectly. Peasants losing their farm land because of the Highway occupying their fields can have their work arranged by local governmentsor building units or have their farm land allocatedanew.
4.1.1.2 Impacts on Economic Environmental
1) Economy The project works utterly great effects on the resources development of the region proper, and have weighty influence on carrying out the strategy of transformation of Inner Mongolian resources anid boostingas well as driving the economicconstruction of Inner Mongolia,especially its western regions. This project constructionwill bring about long term important favorableeffect on regional economy.
2) Industrial Structure This project will drive the urban and rural economic developmentalong the route, advance development and utilization of land and of resources and guide the overall arrangement of industries tending to rationalization.
3) Demand Level Regional social economic developmcnt and inhabitants along the route chcrish vcry high demand level towards this project.
4) Income and Distribution On driving commoditycirculation of areas along the route, on increasing inhabitant income along the route and on reducing poor population,it will producevery great effect. The quickenedpace of regional developmentcaused by the project construction has long term favorable effects on narrowing the gap between the poor and the rich and that betweenborder areas and inland to raise the overall local living standards.
4.1.1.3 Tourism Resources The construction of Baotou-DongshengHighway leads to improving traffic facilities. That will play a very great accelerating role in developingtourism business of undevelopedareas.
4.1.1.4 Effects on Cultural Relics and Historic Sites There are very few cultural relics involved in the Highway construction, and they are of rather low protection class. Their sites can be surveyedby cultural relics departments concerned and excavated before
10 construction. The project will not ause much affectionion cultural rclics and historic sites.
4.1.2 Ecological Environment Impacts
4.1.2.1 Land Utilization Impact The building of the route takes up a rather small quantity of land, and the local land resources are abundant, so the land occupied by the project makes rather small effect on land use: Along with the completion of the highway and its being put into service, it will add value to the regional land use, raising the usable value of the land rusources.
4.1.2.2 Impacts on Soil and Vegetation In the course of the Highway building, great amounts of work: excavating for roads, roadbed earth taking, throwingearth away, setting up temporaryworking shelters and houses, building workingshortcuts, building-persons'stepping and all kinds of vehicles rolling, on the working spots storing constructing materials and other slugs, fields for mixing or earth excavating out, all such make to various extent damage and pollution to the soil vegetationwithin the areas along the Highway route, making someareas of soil hardened with its nutrients reduced,vegetative covers failing to grow at normal but only with sparse vegetation,soil constituents changed, especially most sections of the Highway,being in desert areas, easily getting their earth desertizedafter the vegetativecovers damaged. Besides, after the completionof the Highway,the greenmaking designmade for both sides of the Highway to introduce greenmakingplants will change the original plant communitymake-up along the Highwayroute, increasing the regional vegetation coverage rate in the areas along the Highway route, bringing about active function to the succession of plant community,making it convert in favorable direction, as well as extremely reducing effects on soil vegetation along the Highway route made by the construction.
4.1.2.3 Impacts on Landscape Ecology In the constructionstage, the high filling and deep excavating, earth borrowing and spoil and so on will damage the natural landscape. In the servicestage, the recoveryof vegetalion and greening olnboth sides of the highway will improvethe natural environment.
4.1.2.4 Impacts on Animal and Plant Resources In the area along the route, the ecological environment mainly involves farming. All the plants and animals are usual species. There are no rare animals and plants in imminent extinct danger distributed, so the project building does not give much effect on wild animals and plants.
4.1.2.5 Impacts on Soil Erosion and Soil Desertification The whereaboutsof the project are arid and semi-arid areas with scarce vegetation and ratlherserious soil erosion, and parts of the area along the route suffering soil desertification.In the highway constructionstage, the damage of vegetation and the ground surface damaged by earth borrowing and the earth spoils may lead to partial soil erosion and the aggravation of soil desertification.The environmentprotection measuresof the project will favor the jobs of the regional water and soil conservationand prevention of soil desertificationin the area along the route, and executing the greenmaking and vegetation recovering programs will further better the ecologicalenvironment along the route.
4.1.3 Noise Environment Impact Assessment
1) Construction Period During the construction period, the noise source is the noise produced by construction machines. Through analogue monitoring and formula calculation,the affecting distance by day is 50m, and that at night may reach lOOm.So where is near inhabitant areas, night construction should be prohibited.
2) Servicc Period
11 Noise Impact Assessment was made at sensitive spots of 7 villages and 4 schools involved along the route. Through calculation, in this section of the Highswayfor the first row of the inhabitant area along the route, vehicle noise impacts universally surpass-d the standards, surpassing range 0-13.7 dB(A).the 3 schools surpassed the standards, surpassing range 0.10- 3.7 dB(A). and the impacts at night were the heaviest.Therefore, measures necd to take for these sensitive spots to reduce vehicle noise impacts.
4.1.4 Atmospheric Environments Impact
1) Construction Period During the constructionof the Highway.noise and dust will have soIIIeinpact on the rcsidcnts living near the Highwaybeing built. Therefore some suitable measureswill be taken to minimize those problems. 2)ServicePeriods Durinig the Higlhwayservice course, the tailgas emissions from moLor vehicles will not exceed the concentration value specified for the sensitive spots on both sides of the r route, thus producing relatively small effect on the environment.
4.1.5 Other Impact on Environments
1) Service Areas Service areas will producesuch pollutants as waste gas,wastewater and rubbish. Waste gas is fume given out by boilers, which cquipped with dust removers in designs. It will not exert much effect on the environment. Waste water is mainly of living sewage and car-wash sewage. In the design, there are sewage treating facilities equipped able to make waste water discharge up to the standard. Rubbish is concentratedlystored to be buried in valleysand low-lyingplaces. Pollutants producedby service areas will not cause environmental pollution.
2) Coal Dust Effects of Coal Transporting Vehicles Strictly in line with stipulation concerned to enforce reinforcingmanagement. there will not happen the coal dust pollution problem caused by coal vchicles sprcading raw coal along the road.
3) The Yellow River Bridge (1) Effects on the Water Quality of the Yellow River Effects on the water quality of the water body of the Yellow River arc mainly in the constructionperiod, when within a section of the Bridge's downstream, sand and mud and oil content in the water body are caused to increase a bit. (2) Effects on Water Transport The design of the Yellow River Bridge combinedwithi the program of water transport will not affect this section of water transport.
4.2 National road routc 208 BaiyinchaGanto FcnZ,Zhenhig-hway
4.2,1 Social and EconomicEnvironmental Impacts
4.2.1.i Impacts on Social Environmental
1) Impacts on the population The population of the project-directly-affectingarea are abovt 1.014 miYlionpersons.
2) Relocation There are rather vare villages spreading along the intended highway route, resulting in rather small dismantling and resettlement of the residents all over the route, furthermore, the removed residents are settlednearby, without unfavorobleeffects producedby the resident relocation.
29 3) Public facilities (I) Communications In the short run: during the construction stage, in the wvidenedroad sections and in the intersections inconvenienttraffic will be brought about. In the long run: the local highway communicationsstatus will be extremcly best improved. (2) Public facilities along the route Along the route in 26 spots the electric and telecommunicationposts will be relocated, witlhsubstitution lines well arranged beforehand prior to the orginal ones removed, so no influence produced on the transmission of electric power or telecommunication.
4) Social Safety It offersweighty significanceon increasinigreciprocal trusL and understanidinigamong various nationialities of the area, promoting the unity and progress of the different nationalities, and as the result, maintaining social stability.
5) Separation by the highway Without enclosure screenings on both side of the highway, also without the height of the roadbed raised higher than that of the original street when the highway passing through towns or townships,so it will not harm the comes and goes of the persons on both sides. In the newly-builtsections of the road, there are some parts of irrigation ditches separated, whlichmust be fully consideredso as not to exert effects on farming irrigation.
6) Employment The intended project can directly or indirectly increase employeesby big quantities. As for peasants with their cultivating land lost becauseof their land occupiedby the highway,-they will be arranged for employment or with their land relocated by local governments or building units to have the problem settled.
4.2.1.2 Impacts on Economy
1) Economy The building of this project will bring about long-term very important favorable effects on the regional economicdevelopment for the area along the route.
2) Demand levels The regional socioeconomic development and the residents along the route cherish very high demand levels towards this project.
3) Income and distribution Building the intended highway will make important effects on boosting the commoditycirculation of the areas along the route, on adding the income of residents along the route and on helping get rid of poverty to get rich.
In the long run, it will have favorable effects on narrowing the gap between poverty and wealth between the bordering areas and the inlands and on raising the overall living levels in the locality.
4.2.1.3 Impacts on Tourism The exploitation of the local tourist resourceswil be promoted.
4.2.1.4 Cultural Relics and HistoricSites Accordingto surveys, there are no cultural relic sites discovered,so the highway building will not deal with culturalrelics.
13 4.2.2 Ecological Environment Impacts
4.2.2.1 Impacts on Landscape
In the construction stage, the high filliig and deep excavating, earth borrowing and spoil and so on will damage the natural landscape. In the service stage, the recovery of vegetation and greening on both sides of the highway will improve the natural environment.
4.2.2.2 Impacts on Animal and Plant Resources
In the area along the route, the ecological environment mainly involves farming. All the plants and animals are usual species. There are no rare animals and plants in imminent extinct danger distributed, so the project building does not give much effect on wild animals and plants.
4.2.2.3 Impacts on Land Use
The building of the route takes up a rather small quantity of land. and the local land resources are abundant, so the land occupied by the project makes rather small effect on land use: Along with the completion of the highway and its being put into service, it will add value to the regional land use, raising the usable value of the land rusources.
4.2.2.4 Impacts on Soil Erosion and Soil Desertification
The whereaboutsof the project are arid and semi-arid areas with scarce vegetation and rather serious soil erosion, and parts of the area along the route suffering soil desertification.In the highwayconstruction stage, the damage of vegetation and the ground surface damagedby earth borrowing and the earth spoils may lead to partial soil erosion and the aggravation of soil desertification.The environmentprotection measuresof the project will favor the jobs of the regional water and soil conservationand prevention of soil desertificationin the area along the route, and executing the greenmaking and vegetation recovering programs will further better the ecologicalenvironment along the route.
4.2.3 Noise Impact
1) ConstructionPeriod During the construction period, the noise source is the noise producedby constructionmachines. Through analogue monitoring and formula calculation, the affecting distance by day is 50m, and that at night may reach 100m. So where is near inhabitant areas, night construction should be prohibited.
2) Service Period During the service stage of the highway, the influence of the traffic noise on the sensitive spots within 200 limits on both sides along the line is relatively little, influencing relatively little on all sensitive spots along the line exceptfor Hongshaba Elementary School which receivesa certain influence of the noise. Only in the later future service, may the influenceof noise on the first row of houses beside the road in some individual sensitive places exceed the criteria a little to the extent of 0.1-1.0 dB(A). But the influence at night on every sensitive spot is somewhat great, able to exceed the noise criteria in every service period of the highway.Therefore,measures need to take for these zzn:iti.c spot to reducc -,licle noie s..
4.2.4 Impact on the Atmosphere
During the construction of the Highway, noise and dust will have some inpact on the residents living near the Highway being built. Therefore ome suitable measureswill be taken to minimize those problems.
14 During the Highway service course, the tailgas emissions from motor vehicles will not excccd thc concentration value specified for the sensitive spots on both sides of the route, thus producing rclatively small effect on the enviroiiment.
5. ENVIRONMENTAL MITIGATION MEASURES
5.1 The projects design is adequate in respect of alignment, soil works,cultural relics ,resettlememtand afforestation . Also, the project design of Baotou-Dongshenghighway has consideredcorresponding wastc treatnures measures for the servicezone to be set up.
5.2 The project EIAs has spelled out environmental impact mitigation/offsetting measures for both constructionand operation stages ,Implementationof such measureswill be responsibilityof constructors.To this end ,perfect surveillance and menagementmechanism is entablished to ensure implementation of such measures .
5.3 Corresponding mitigation/offsettingmeasures are proposed for traffic noise and exhaust among other environmental impacts in the operation stage. Also,theElAs includesprovisions of two Highwaysections of Noise Control Measure for Sensitive Sites
5.4 With all the mitigation/offsettingmeasures implemented,anyadverse impactsin operation stage will be minimized,
5.5 Inner Mongolia minister of communicationswill set up a special environmatal agency which is staffed with 4 full-time persons being responsibilityfor in the constructionstage.When the road is completed,lnner Mongolia Highway Management AgencyEnviromental ProtectionAgency is responsibilityof management agency evvironmental menagementin the operation stage.
5.6 Environmental monitoring of the project is mainly implemented by the local special environmental monitoring authoritties co-operation with Highway Construction Headquartersand Highway management Authority.
5.7 The project-relatedenvironmental protection cost totals: BaoTouto DongSheng highway environmentalprotection cost totals:30.37 million RMB. BaiyinchaGanto FengZhen highway environmentalprotection cost totals:18.283 million RMB.
15 ______summary of Environmental mitigation measures for construction stage No. EnvironmnentalIssue EnvironmentalMeasure Implementor supervisor I removal of electric and substitutionallines must be well fixed beforeremoving tde original ones. Contractors The CommunicationsDepartment of Inner commnunicationposts Mongolia During construction I. Strengtheningtrafric managem-ent at traflic conflictspots with specific persons to maintainitraffic order; Inner MvonigoliaEnvirotunental MlanagemenltAgency of 2 period Toward traffic 2. Before construction,for the least blocking traffic plans should be made to lessenelfects on traflic; Communications Inner Mongolia Highway Construction hold ups or jams 3. Encouragingcontractors taking night materialconveying or preparingmaterials in slack seasons. Reconnalssance & Design Authority ______lnistitute,contractors ditto Environmental Managemenit Agency of Present irrigating or Inner Mongolia Highway Construction 3 draining systems cut Ought to be rebuilt or reformedin proper way through sufficient conisultationwith local personsconcemned. Authority Local Environniental across or damaged Agricultural, Forestrv & Conservancy Departments I.To properlyarrange longitudinalallocattion of subgrade soil work: ditto ditto 2.ro borrow soil from highlanidin case of inadequacy of embankmenit but to control the excavationidepth with 4 subgrade soil spoil & considerationto use of solid industrialwaste materialsnearby; soil Borrowing 3.To Plave excavatioi niaterialsin low-lyingareas and to borrowsoil from fighland for facilitating fuituirerectamation; 4.To temiiporarilyput aside the cropped soil wherever it is necessary to borrow soil fronmfanmialuid or to place excavation material in farmland, to level and to place back the cropped soil for familand recovery; 5.To strictlv controlexcavation depth so as to avoid borrowpits. IT.o maximizeuse of wasteland or poor land and to minimizefanitland; contractors Enivironomentalklanageinent Agency of Land Area for 2.TFoproperly compensate for any temporary use of farmlatidaccording to thseduration of stcli occupation; Inner Mongolia H ighsway constmuction 5 Temporary Use 3.Upon completionof constructionactivities ,to clean the land for temporary use and to recover it; Authority,Local Environmnental land 4.To minimizeland areas for temporaryuse . Nlanagement& AgricuilturalDepartments I Any waste msaterialresulting from bridge/cilvert coisstnictionshould not be let into the river channel to avioid any Contractors Management Agency of' Inner Mlongolia conistructionof Bridge & intpact on the flood dischalrgecalpacity or original ftictio,is oftie river; Iligiwmay constriuctioti Authority,l.ocal 6 Culvert 2.Not to destroy any of the river dykes and not to affect the flood discharge capacity; EnvironntentalAgencies 3.To not narrow the original riverchannel. Domestic Sewage from I .To dischairgenightsoil and consumer wastewaterafter siusplytreated in septic tanks; ditto ditto 7 Cottstnictionworkers 2.Any conisumerwvastesvater dtue to conistnrctionof bridgesaitd culverts shall not be let irltOsurface water; 3.1'to stockpiledomestic trash for concentratedtreatitient . I.To select transportation route in a scientific and careful manner so as to minimize interference with the existing dtitto dtitto Blown Dust Arising frons conmmunicationsto miniinsizehauling distanceand blown dust; 8 Building Material 2.To water the surface of the transportationroute at least twice in tlhciiorning and twice in the aflemoon (especiallyin the Transportation sutiunser)so as to reduce blownidust; 3.To water and cover the surfaceof fly ash (or other solid industrial waste )and soil being transported; 4.To cover the surfaceof cementand liine being transported. t.Construction material should be stockpiled beyond lOOmiileeward of any village (or residetitial site) rather than at ditto ditto 9 Construction Meterial windward of any village; Stockpiling 2.To cover the stockpile in case of rainv,snowvyand windy days; 3.To stockpile any constnictiol niaterialon iseitlierbank of a river (especially a river with peniatientflow).
16 summary of Environmental mitigation measures for construction sta e supervisor No. Environmental Issue Environmental Measure Implementor I.To fumish pillar,bulldozer ,grader ,excavator and any other noise source equipment operators with earplugs for protect their physical Contractors Management Agency of health; Inner Mongolia Highway 10 Construction Noise 2.To keep material hauling vehicles in good condition so as to cut down noise impacts due to such vehicles; construction 3.To equip high-noise equipment with sound-proof housing; Authority,Local 4.To suspend construction activities during night hours form 22:00-6:00 Environmental Agencies ditto Blown Dust due to Lime Soil 1. To centrally mix lime and soil materials; ditio 11 Mixing 2.To locate lime and soil mixing plants more than 200m leeward of residential sites; 3.To provide lime and soil mixing plant operators with necessary protection measures,such as gauze masks and goggies. I.To centrally mix asphalt concrete; ditto ditto 2.To provide asphalt concrete delivery systems wvithprecipitation devices; 3.To locate asphalt concrete batching plants operators with necessary protection measures , such as shift work and shorter time of 12 Asphalt Smoke exposure to asphalt smoke; 4.To provide asphalt concrete batchinig plant operators with necessary protection measures ,such as shift work and shorter time o exposure to asphalt smoke; 5.To exercise regular physical examingations on such operators so as to replace anybody with health problems or to take other measuires as required. Archiaeological Underground Cultural Relics I.To suspend work for the purpose of protecting any discovered cultural relics; dtitto Local Agencies 13 to Be Discovered in 2.To report to archaeological departments; Construction 3.To provide cooperation and assistace in archaeological salvatioln; 4.To resume work when archaeological excavationi is completed and the archaeological departnent allows wvorkresumption . Set up: Ininer Mongolia Environniental I.The forest belt for wind-break, sand-break anid snow-break. ommunications Management Agency of & Iincr Mongolia highway 14 Aflorestation 2. The forest belt for water and soil conservation Reconnaissince 3.Noiseproof'woods Design ihnstitute . cons ructioni authorit% 4.Aflorestation along the Highway conitractors 5. Greening of fees-collecting stations and the service sector ditto Mtanagemient Agency of To adopted water-soil conservancy measures are road sideslope protection, cut-slope protection, Highway shelterbelts niaking, land Inner Mlongolia llighway 15 Water-Soil Loss recultivation and vater-soil conservancy measures for both side slope surfaces ofthe l-lighway. constructioni Atithority,Local Lniviroriniental Agencies I .The protection measures for the slope of the road base ditto ditto 16 Land Desertification 2.Sand-break for protecting the Highway 3.The comprehensivemeasures for prevention fron sand erosion arotund the fighwayv
17 summary of Environmental mitigation measures for the Operation Period
No. Environmental Issue Environmental Measure Implementor supervisor I.To exercise noise monitoring of vehicles and to stop any vehicle failing to meet the national Expressway Inner Mongolia standard from entering into the road; Management,Traflic Police Departmentof Public 2.Any lowv-speedvehicle shall not be allowed to go on this road; &Environmental Monitoring Security, Department of Traffic Noise 3.To enhance road maintenance and to ensure road quality; Departments Communications and Local 4.To provide comprehensive measures for sensitive points %%ithoutsound arresters within 200 m Cons ruction Environmental from the road.e.g.provision of sound-proof forest belts,raising fences and provision of double- Management Agency layer glass windows. I.To carry out exhaust monitoring of vehicles and not to allow any vehicle failing to meet the ditto ditto national standard onto the road; 2 Vehicle Exhaust 2.To properly maintain afforestation workes and to ensure adequacy of greenbelts; 3.Not to locate any more residential site,school or any other sensitive points xvithina range 200 ni from both sides of the road. 3 Water-Soil Loss To properly protect the slope vith turf,save concrete blocks or grids,to avoid water and soil loss Expressway Maintenance Expressway Management due to scouring precipitated water. Squads Department I .To set up vastewatertreatment facilities for treating vastewaterbefore discharged from service Expressway Management Local Environmental zone; Department Management Agencies 4 Sewage from Service Zone 2.To equip the boilers in the service zones %vithprecipipitators for the smoke concentration to satisfy the national standard; 3.To enhance service szone managemeng and to remove out any trash in the rigt time; 4.To prevent any oil leakage or fire disaster from occurring at service stations near the service zone.
18 6. ALTERNATIVE ANALYSIS
6.1 National Road Route 210 Baotou To Dongsheng Highway
There are no environmental sensitive areas (sopts) needed to be protected and passed round along the intended highway. The content of this chapter mainly discussesthe environmentalsensibility in the four route comparativeschemes and the two comparativeschemes for partial lines put forward by the feasibility report of. the project and recommends the best scheme in respect of the environmental protection.
6.1.1 Analysisof thc SubstitutionRoute Scheme
There are four schemes of the project to be constructed. In the third scheme, the old highway from Guannianfang(K40+500) to Dongsheng interchange (K9 1+000) to be broadened out, consideringthe present traffic volume on the highwayfrom Baotou to Dongsheng, a subsidiary highway of 50 km for the passage of heavyduty vehicles during the constructionmust be first constructed. Moreover,there are many level crossingswith low linear index in the old second-grade highway. If reforming is to be made by raising index, except that the line location and partial roadbed earthwork of the existing highway can be used, the bridges and culverts and road surface are practically unable to be used and all is requiredto be rebuilt. There is a marked unfeasibilityin both economicand teclnical aspects of the scheme.
Compared with the,first, second and fourth schemes the advantages and disadvantages read as follows:
1) First scheme: Advantages: (1) Less farmland is occupied, the old highway is fully used, and the project costs are decreased. (2) The old highway is fully used and the role of the old highway is fully played. The existing normal traffic is also not disturbed during the reconstruction. Disadvantages: (1) The mileage of construction is 1 km longer than that of the second scheme.
2) Secondscheme: Advantages: (1) It benefits motor vehicles and their rational distributionon both the old and the new roads. (2) Most of the old highway can be used as a subsidiaryhighway. Disadvantages: (1) Becausethe old highway is not used when the new highway is constructed,the old highway is not fully used without the role of the old highwayplayed. (2) The scale of project investment is big and costs of the project higher.
3) Fourth scheme Advantages: (1) It benefits motor vehicles and their rational distributionon both the old and the new road. (2) Most of the old highwaycan be used as a subsidiaryhighway. Disadvantage: (1) The mileage of the road to be constructedis 1 km more than that of the second scheme. Because the routes of the four schemes are about the same, the difference of their effects on the environmentis not great.
In the view of the volume of earthwork, a minimal roadbed earthwork is employed and two less separate level crossings in the first scheme, the occupiedarea of the first scheme is by 97.5 ha and 101.5ha. less than that of the second and fourth schemes separately. The investment of the first scheme is 1,370,000,000 yuan (RMB). that of the second scheme is 1,650,000,000yuan, that of the fourth scheme is 1,530,000,000yuan.
19 Accordingto the comprehensivcevaluation, the first schemc is recommendcd.
6.1.2 Route Analysis for the Local Substitution Schemes
6.1.2.1 Brief Introduction for the Local Route There are two routes for the local road section arrangcd from Jiuxiao ferry to Guaniiianfang: 1) Scheme 1: Jiuxiao ferry. Luodavingzi,Banhangadu. Nanhuofang. Guannianfang. 2) Scheme 2: Jiuxiao ferry, Guanjiaving, Hetan Village. Dayaozi Village, Guamnianfang.
6.1.2.2 Analysis for the Environment Sensitivity The two schemes are comparedand analysed in the environment sensibilityin Table 6-1.
Table 6-1 Compareand Analyses for the EnvironmentSensibility Items to the Environment Sensibility Schemz I Sheme 2 The involved sensitive villages 8 3 The involved schools The involved electric lines, railway and communication many positions a few positions equipment along the Route The fertile land occupied must a little Transportation of earthwork for filling the roadbed far local supplies for I:== I=:= most zones Interferenceto trucks c:ai-yinigconistructioniiimaterialls big smliall land railway _ L
6.1.2.3 Analysis Results According to the above comprehensiveanalyses on the environmentsensibility, the second scheme is recommended.
6.2 National Road Route 208 Baiyinca,an To Fengzheng Highway
There are no environmental sensitive areas (sopts) needed to be protected and passed round along the intended highway. The content of this chapter mainly discussesthe environmentalsensibility in the tow route comparative schemes and the two comparative schemes for partial lines put forward by the feasibility report of the project and recommends the best scheme in respect of the environmental protection.
6.2.1 Analysis of the Highway Route Substitutional Schemes There are two schemes in comparisonfor the highway from Baiyinchagan to Fengzhen.
6.2.1.1 Comparison of the Schemes
6.2.1.1.1 The First Scheme: 1) Strong Points: (1) The original road is fully utilized with less engineering work, fewer structures ,less occupied cultivated land and reduced construction costs. 195,460,000Juan may be saved in the construction investment. (2) The highway goes past many important towns and villages, favorable for the local economic development. (3) Since this highway is built near the railway and other roads, it's favorablefor joining the railway with the roads and for the collection and distributionof the goods along the route.
2) Weak Points: (1) The line type is poorly arranged, 10.5km longer than that in the second scheme. (2) The line goes past many towns and villages, which must increase the interference of pedestrains and makeheavier volume of the mixed traffic by affectingdriving safety. (3) Unfavorablefor the master planning for the main artery of the National Road and the highway network. Unfavorablefor the constructionplanning of the towns along the line.
20 6.2.1.1.2 The Second Schemc: 1) Strong Points: (1) The route liic is well arranged and is 10.5kmshorter than that Linthe first sclhcmc. (2) The line goes past fewer towns and villages, favorable for increasing the car driving speed and for driving safety. (3) Favorable for the master planning for the main artery of the national road and the highway network. Favorable for the constructionplanning of the towns along the line.
2) Weak Points: (1) The investment is large, 195.460,000yuan investedmore than that ii the first scheme.
6.2.1.2 Comparison of Environmental Sensibility
1) The Present Situation of the Environmental Quality The present situation of the environment quality in the areas the routes going through in the two schemes is almost the same.
2) Sensibility Analysis Scheme One (1) The route goes past more villages. (2) There is less removal of houses and less land taken over for use than there is in SchemeTwo. SchemeTwo (l) The route goes past fewer villages. (2) There is more removal of houses and more land taken over for use than there is in SchemeOne.
6.2.1.3 Result of thc Analvsis Assessedcomprehensively, Scheme One is recommended.
6.2.2 Analysis of thc Institution of the Partial Lines
6.2.2.1 Scheme There are two shemes in comparison for the section from Jininlgto Huaer Village (that is K220 to K240): 1) Scheme for utilization and transformation of the original road. 2) Scheme for straightening the line betweenJining and Huaer Village.
6.2.2.2 Comparisonof the Schemes: 1) The main strong and weak points of the scheme for utilization and transformation of the original road: (1) The line type is improperly arranged, being right angled in shape. (2) 6.0Km longer than the line planned to be straightened. (3) The investment is less than that in the scheme for straightening the line.
2) The main strong and weak points of the plan for straightening the line from Jining to Huaer Village: (1) The line is straight and reasonable. (2) 6km shorter than the line in the plan for utilizing the original road. (3) The investment is more than that in the scheme for utilizing the original road.
Accordingto the analysis of the environmentalsensibility degree, the area concernedin the plan for straightening the line is the famous high yield grain area in Qahar Rightwing Front Banner. Along the route, the landform is level, the soil is of good quality and the irrigation is convenient.If the plan is carried out, beside the occupation of 840 mu high yield irrigated land by the roadbed, all the earth and stone needed to fill the roadbed must be transported from places far away, which will make great effects on the environments. If the scheme for utilizing and transforming the original road is carried out, the original road only need be widened on both sides with almost no necessity of taking over additional land for use. There will be little effect made on the environments.
21 6.2.2.3 Analysis Result Analyzedin respect of the environments, the scheme for utilizing and transforming the original road is recommended.
7. OUTLINE OF ENVIRONMENT ACTION PLAN ENVIRONMENT COST
7.1 EnvironmentCost
I) National Road Route 210 Baotou To Dongsheng Highway
The investment for environment protection for the Highway section from Baotou to Dongsheng is 30.37 million yuan RMB in total. The investment in environment protection is used mainly for: No. Items Cost (thousand yuan RMB) 1 Water And Soil Conservation 3,020 2 Sand Control Measures 4,602 3 Greening: For Service Sector, Fee-CollectingStations, Viaducts,Etc. 300 Along Both Sides Of Highway 15,055 4 Environment ProtectionFacilities In The Service Sector 500 5 ManagementEquipment For Environment Protection 456 6 Unearthing Cultural Relics 1,000 7 Noise Preventive Treatment 1,800 8 Environment Monitoring 3420 9 Personal Training 217
2) National Road Route 208 Baiyincagan To Fengzhen Highway
The investment for environment protection for the Highway section from Baiyinca,an to Fengzhen is 18.283 million yuan in total. The investment in environment protection is used mainly for:
No. Items Cost (thousandyuan) 1 Water and soil conservationorganism measures 1000 2 Reclamation of land 450 3 Sand control measures 4500 4 Greening: 4920 5 Management equipment for environmenl protcction 609 6 Noise preventive treatment 3600 7 Environmental Monitoring Cost 3120 8 Personal training Cost 84
7.2 OrgnizationalStructure Of EnvironmcntalManagement See Fig 7-1, Fig. 7-2
22 Environment Protection Office ofthe Bureau of Conununications
The Consrtction Command Post for the Highwa Staff size of Environment Protedion Section: 4 Persons)I
| Environmental Administration for Baotou-Dongsheng Highway during the nstruction l Environmental Administration for Baiyincagan-FengZhen Highway dufing the construcion
The Highway Construction The Highway Constructioni The Highway -Fhe Highlway The Highway Construction The lHighway Construction The Highway Construction
Comimuand Post of Baotou Comumand Post of Dalate Construction Construction Coiiasand Conuinaiid Post of liNing Command Post of Conunand Post of FengZhen
(Staff size of Environment Banier. (Stafl'size of Command Post o Post of Baiyincagan (Stafl size of Environment CaYouQianQi (Staff size of (Staff size of Environment
Protection Office, 2 Persons) Environment Protection Dongsheng (Staff size (Staff size o Protection Offic, 2 Envirnosnent Protection Protection Office, 2 Persons)
Office. 2 Persoris) of Environment Environment Protection Persons) Office, 2 Persons)
Protection Office: 2 Ollice, 2 Persons)
Persons)
Fig 7.1 Environmental Management Institutions and Personal Network during the Period of Construction
23 Environment Protection Office of Bureau of Communications
The Highway Administrative BuCeau (Staffsize of Environment Protection Section: 4 Persons)
Environmental Adnministration for Baoto -Dongsheng Highway during the Operation Period Environmental Administration for T3aiyincagan-Fene7hen Highvay during the Operation Period
Baotou Highway Dalate Highway Dongsheng tHighway Baivincagan Managetion JiNing M;anagetion Cavouqianqi Nlanagetion FengZhen Managetior
Adtiinistration Station Adnministration Station Administrative Station Station of Iligh-grade Station of High-grade Station of High-grade Station of High-grade
Highway (staff size of (Stafn size o (Staff size of Environment Highway (stall' size o Highway (staff size of Highway (staflf size of Highway (stafl size of
Environunent lProtectioni Environment Protection Office: 2 Environuent Protectionl Enivironment Protection) Environment lProtectioni Environmiient
011ice: 2 personis) Protection Oflice: 2 Persons) Office: 2 persons) Oftice: 2 persons) 0111ce:2 persons) Protection Oflice: 2
Persons) persons)
Fig. 7-2 Environmental Administration Institutions and Personal Networ-k during the Operation Period.
24 During the period of construction, in each section, there is one person concurrentlyholding a post on environment protectionand taking charge of the daily monitoring on environmentprotection.
7.3 Personal Training
1) The persons holding a post concurrently on environment protection will be trained by the CommunicationBureau of Inner Mongolia.
2)The persons holding a part time post concurrently on environment protection during the constructionwill be trained by the ConstructionCommand Post for the high-grade Highway. See Table 7-1.
Table 7-1 Plan For Environmental Training USD $ 1 =RMB8.3 yuan No. Target of Training At-Home Training Overseas Training = Total Cost No. o Person- Cost No. of Person- Cost RMB USD USD Remarks Person Month (RMB) Person Month (US1D) Equiivalenit I Training of High- 2 2 18560 18560 18560 iManagernent & Supervision Level staff of Environmental Projects 2 Administration for 7 7 49000 49000 5903 Regulation & Administration Environrnental for Enivironmental Protection Protect 3 Environmental 7 7 49000 49000 5903 Environmental Engineering & Engineering & Tcchnology,and Analysis ot Technology Environrmental Data 4 Environment 7 7 49000 49000 5903 Regulatory Environmental Supervision Supervision 5 Total __1__ XF_____ 147000 36269
7.4 Equipment Expense The administrativepersons in charge of environment protection need some working equipment. The equipment expenseis estimatedat 1066 thousandsyuans (RMB).See table 7-2.
Table7-2 Working equipmenttable Nomenclature Numerical Spending Remarks l 10' Yuan ) I Computer 7 14 Each wltere one set for Baotou, DalateQi , Dongsheng, BaiYinCaGan, l__ __I_|_lJiNing. CaYouQianQi Bainerand FengZhen' headquarters Operating 7 84 ditto vehicle |_l_l_._l Camera 7 1.4 ditto Pickup camera 7 4.9 ditto Talk back 14 2.4 Each where two set for Baotou, DalateQi , Dongsheng, BaiYinCaGan, machine | l JiNin_. CaYouQianQi Bannerand FengZhen 'headquarters
7.5 Environmental lUonitoring
1 ) Monitoring Contents The main respects on monitoring are the implementing conditions and operation status of the environmental protective facilities. Items for monitoring of the natural environient: atmosphere, noise, surfacc water. For monitoring and measurementof the ecologicalenvironment: ecosystem,vegetation recovery, planting trees, water and soil conscrvationand soil erosion by desetification. For monitoring of the social environment: tracing investigation for the removed residents,
25 roadblocks during the constructionand work spot clearing after the construction. For monitoring of the polluting sources in the service area: waste gas, waste water.
2) Monitoring Methods The methods of monitoring and measurement for the natural environment include: distributingthc spots, sampling, analyses and data treatment and such technical links. All procedures are carried out according to the unified Standards issued by the National Bureau of EnvironmentProtection and thc departments concerned. The monitoring and measurementfor the ecologicalenvironment and the socialenvironment will be carried out with the method of on the spot investigation.
3) Data Treatment The statistics, treatment and analyses of data will be carried out with computers,using floppy discs for transmitting the measured data.
4 )The Institutionsfor Monitoring The local stations of environment protection are in charge of monitoring for atmosphere, noise, ground water and partial ecologicalenvironment. The Highway Construction Command Post and the stations are in charge of monitoringfor social environmentand partial ecologicalenvironment.
5) The Report Systemfor Monitoring (Shown in the following block diagram)
Inner MongoliaBureau of EnvironmentProtection Office The World Bank Envnment Proetion of the Bureau of Communications
Local Bureaus of The Highway ConstructionCommand Post Environment Protection (Renamed:The Highway AdministrativeBureau) T The HighwayConstruction CommandSection (Renamed:TheHi LhwvayAdmnsrtv Setonal
Local EnvironmentMonitoring Stations
Fig 7-3 The Report System for Monitoring
8. BENEFIT ANALYSES OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND ECONOMY
8.1 National Road Route 210 Baotou To Dongsheng Highway
8.1.1 Economic Assessment
1) Assessmenton the National Economy Assessmentresults issued by "The Report on Feasibilities"are as follows: EIRR=32.6% ENPV=2259.13million RMB EBCR=3.66 The assessment results demonstratethat this project has very good economicbenefits. According to the analyses on the sensibilities of the national economy,this project has very good capabilityagainst risks.
2) Assessmenton Finance The assessment results are as follows: FIRR=7.7% (After tax) FNPV=751.72million RMB (After tax) FBCR=1.44(Aftertax) This project has very good benefit capacity on finance.
26 Accordingto the analyses on the financial sensibility,the project has very good capability against risks.
3) Analyses on RefundableCapability for Loan This project has good refiundablecapability for loan.
8.1.2 Benefit and Loss Analyses on Environmental And Economic
8.1.2.1 Analyses on Benefits 1) Social Benefits The construction of Baotou-Dongshenghighway will bring the followingsocial benefits: the project will (1) Play important and promotive roles in exploiting the local mineral resources,carrying out the strategic transformation of the resources in Inner Mongolia AutonomousRegion, and promoting the economic construction of Inner Mongolia. (2) Have an ijmportantsignificance in enhancing the trust and understanding each other among the nationalities, promoting the national unity and progress and making the society stable. (3) Play an important role in increasing income for the people living near the highway area and decreasing the poor population in the area. (4) Promote the exploitation of the local tourism resources. (5) Increase the amount of local employmentand decrease the pressure of employment. (6)Significantlyimprove the conditions of local transport. (7) Decrease traffic accidents.
2) EconomicBenefits The construction of Bao-Dong Highwaywill bring about bigger economic benefits for the highway area. On direct economic benefits, analysis on the national economy shows: the economic net increment value will reach 2259.13 million RMB (2.25913 billion RNIB). As indirect economic benefits, the highway will promotethe formationof the industrial zone and the developmentof comprehensiveservices along the road.
3) Environmental Benefits (l) It will improve the atmospheric and noisy environment beside present Route 210 highway section from Baotou to Dongsheng. (2) It will promote the work on water and soil conversationand improve the work on protection against sand in the highway area. (3) It will make abundance and variety of products. (4) The natural environment will be improvedthrough planting trees along the highway.
8.1.2.2 Loss Analyses The project will produce the followingloss: l)Compensation for the occupiedland; 2) Compensationfor the removed households; 3) Polluting atmospheric environmentby vehicle tail gas; 4) Producing noise pollution with vehicle transport; 5) Paying funds for the environmentalprotective measures.
8.1.2.3 Analyses for Benefit and Loss The benefit of the project will be much more than the loss, so the project is good and feasible.
8.2 National Road Route 208 Baiyincagan To FengLhen Highway
8.2.1 Economic Assessment
8.2.1.1 Assessment on National Economy 1)Evaluation of national economy Assessmentresults issued by "The Report on Feasibilities"are as follows:
27 EIRR=20.52% ENPV=1995.5 millioniRMB EBCR=1.82 The assessment results demonstrate that this project has very good economicbenefits. According to the analyses on the sensibilities of the national economy,this project has very good capabilityagainst risks.
2) Assessmenton Finance The assessment results are as follows: FIRR=10.63%(After tax) FNPV=537.54million RiMB(After tax) FBCR=2.03(After tax) This project has very good benefit capacityon finance. According to the analyses on the financial sensibility, the project has very good capability against risks.
3) Analyses on RefundableCapability for Loan This project has good refundable capabilityfor loan.
8.2.2 Benefit and Loss Analyses on Environmental And Economic
8.2.2.1 Analyses on Benefits
1) Social Benefits The construction of the Baiyincagan to Fengzhen highway will bring about social benefits in the following respects: (1) Giving great facilitation in exploitingand utilizing the mineral rcsources in the area to convert the rich resources superiorityinto economicsuperiority to developthe economic,cultural, hygiene and educationalundertakings etc. in the minoritynationality regions. (2) Have an important significance in enhancing the trust and understanding each other among the nationalities, promoting the national unity and progress and making the societystable. (3) Play an important role In increasing income for the people living near the highway area and decreasing the poor population in the area. (4) Increase the amount of local employmentand decrease the pressure of employment. (5)Significantlyimprove the conditions of local transport.
2) Economic Benefits The construction of Baiyincagan-FengzhenHighway will bring about bigger economic benefits for the highwayarea. On direct economic benefits, analysis on the national economy shows: the economic net increment value will reach 199.55 million P,MB. As indirect economic benefits, the highwaywill promote the formation of the industrial zoie and the development of comprehensiveservices along the road.
3) Environmental Benefits (1) The measures taken for water and soil conservationin the constructionof the highway not only reduce the soil erosion volume added by the construction of the highway but also reduce the soil erosion volume of the primary ground surfacc, so that the soil erosion on both sides of the highwaywill be brought under control and the building of the original ecotopewill be promoted. (2) The various measures taken for protecting the ecotope promote the local water and soil conservationand sand-preventionand sand-fixationto improve the microclimateconditions, favorable for the growth of the natural vegetation, so that the regional soil erosion and wind-erosion- desertification as well as sand formation will be reduced. (3) Enriching the varieties of speciesby means of planting trees and recovering the vegetation so as to improve the ecotopealong the route.
8.2.2.2 Loss Analysis The project will producethe followNingloss: 1)Compensationfor the occupiedland; 2) Compensationfor the removed households; 3) Polluting atmospheric environmentby vehicle tail gas; 4) Producing noise pollution with vehicle transport;
2S 5) Paying funds for the environmental protective measures.
8.2.2.3 Analyses for Benefit and Loss The benefit of the project will be much more than the loss, so the project is good and feasible.
9. PUBLIC PARTICIPATION
9.1 The Scope of Public Participation
1) National Road Route 210 Baotou To Dongsheng Highway The scope of public participation is the area impacts directly by the project, i. e. Baotou City, Dalate Banner, Dongsheng City and the zone along the Highway.
2) National Road Route 208 Baiyincagan To Fengzhen Highway The scope of public participation is the area impacts directly by the project, i. e. Baiyincagan , Jining City, Cahaeryouyiqianqi Banner, Fengzhen City and the zone along the Highway.
9.2 The Mode of Public Participation and the Main Participators
The modes of public participation this time are as follows:
1) Invite the local environmental workers to take part in inspection for "Thc Outline of Environment Impact Assessment " and "The Report of Environment Impact Assessment".
2) Specially visit the people's representatves and the other representatives of the academically associations,the mass groups and the village resident committees.
3) Invite some departments and persons concerned to attend the discussion meetings.
4) Issue public investigating questionnaires. (1) National Road Route 210 Baotou To Dongsheng Highway: A total of 400 questionnaires were issued and 342 questionnaires were recalled actually. (2)National Road Route 208 Baiyincagan To Fengzhen Highway: A total of 400 questionnaires were issued and 400 questionnaires were recalled actually.
9.3 Public Consultation
1)The local goverment and public opinions have been incorporated in dcsign slage of thc road And the design has considered the local interests as far as possible.
2) In the EIA process,representatives from the local environmental agencies have gathered to discuss and finalize sensitive points deserving focus of the EIA . The local responsible environmental agencies have also reaclhedagreement on the EIA standards.
3) What the local people are concerning .about is the project land coverage and copensation,and they hope that proper compensation be made in accordance with the provincial compensation procedures in the light of the local reality.They also hope this work should be open in order to ensure fair and reasonable compensation.
4) At the EIA outline review meeting ,experts and representatives from the environrmentalagencies expressed their view on the environmental concerns and highlights of the EIA .AII the comments and recommendations of the meeting participants have been considered in the EIA .
- 5) In the investigation ,those people whose housings will be relocated will agree to remove from their land afer they get proper compensation,they hope they can be resettled elsewhere in the origional villages.
9.4 The Public Views and Suggestions
29 1) The Construction of Baotou to Dongsheng section into a high-grade highway and Baivincagan To Fengzhen Highway is welcomed and supported by the public of the area along the road.
2) The Specific Problems Concerned by the Public
(1) Reasonable Arrangements for the Resident Removal Each resident household having to remove pays utter attention to the rcmoval affecting their vital benefits. So when carrying out the removing work iinvestigation of each household to fix specific compensation expenses according to the stipulations of the Government should bc well arranged and specific persons should be authorized to take charge of this work.
(2) Occupied Farmland and Facilities Some farmland occupied by the Highwav involving farmers' living and their production must be reasonably arranged according to the stipulations concerned, making reasonable compensation for the occupied farmland and facilities damaged.
(3) The SeparationiProblem The highway may separate some villages or individuals' farmland into two parts so that the natural (connection will be cut by the road.This problem will make their living and production inconvenient. It is important to listen to the public opinions during the design. The passage should be considered to specially set up. The separated farmland should be adjusted and culverts for irrigation canals well arranged.
(4) Environmental protection facilities In Public investigation, all the participants requested that the ccological environment be well protected when building the Highway. Many people recommended planting trees along the highway and make the Highway section to be built into a "Green Corridor", reduce the pollution caused by the traffic, and raise the natural environmental quality.
For the specific questions or problems put forward by the public during the intention investigation, the recommended relevant countermeasurcs arc stated in the scction "Environment Mitigation Measures" of The EIA.
10. ASSESSMENT CONCLUSION
10.1 National Road Route 210 Baotou To Dongsheng Highway
1) The intended Highway will extremely improve the transportation conditions from Baotou to Dongsheng area bringing considerable social and economic benefits for these areas, also playing important roles in promoting exploitation of the local mineral resources, making the overall economy in these areas rapidly develop, enhancing the unity among the nationalities in the minority area and making the society stable, increasing income for the people living in the poor areas along the highway and reducing the poor population, as well as developing local tourism cause.
2) The Highway construction involves less cultural relics and no protection areas of cultural relics at the levels of the state and Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. In order to protect thc historic relics, the construction work should not be started until the prospecting and unearthing of relics arc carried out by related administrative departments of cultural relics.
3) The project has not much house removing and settlement work involved. The working plan will be drawn up in details for the land requisition, house-removing and settlement, and someones will be put in charge of these affairs. All this work will be finished by the end of December, 1997.
4)The intended Highway can alleviate traffic jams on the present National Road Route 210 and mnitigatethe atmosphere and noise pollution along the road, making evident effects on improving the traffic conditions.
5)The intended Highway will occupy some land. However, there being rich land resources in these
30 areas, the effect exerted by the project is not quite serious. The highway will make increment in value for the land in these areas and have its utilized value improved.
6)The ecological environment along the Highway is mainly of farming, species of plants and animals all of general kinds, no rare plants and animals in imminent danger, so the influence on the wild plants and animals around is not quite big.
7)The project is located in the arid or semiarid region, with sparse vegetation, bad water and soil erosion and land in the part of areas desertified. The excavation and fill of earth and stone, for the construction of the planned highway, will partially transform the topographic features of the areas along the route. The destruction of the vegetation and earth surface due to borrow and spoil of earth may cause partial soil erosion and worsen land desertification. The use of the environment protection measures for the project will be helpful for the water and soil conservation and the prevention of land desertification in some areas along the highway. By implementing the greening and vegetation recovering project, the destroyed vegetationi can be recovered gradually, thus optimizing and beautifying the ecological environment along the route.
8)During the construction of the Highway, noise and dust will have some effect on the residents living near the Highway being built.Therefore some suitable measures will be taken to minimize those problems.
9)During the Highway service course, the environmental noise at the sensitive spots within the range of 200 meters limits on both sides of the Highway is beyond the specified level in most cases, more serious at night than by day, and the impact of noise on the sensitive spots will become stronger with the increase of the traffic volume. So it is necessary to take some comprehensive countermeasures to minimize the effect made by the noise.
lO)During the Highway service course, the tailgas emissions from motor vehicles will not exceed the concentration value specified for the sensitive spots on both sides of the route, thus producing relatively small effect on the environment.
1l)Each measure for environment protection recommended in The EIA should be carried out during the periods of design, construction and service. After these measures are carried out, some negative influence can be diminished or lowered to an acceptable level.
12)The plans recommended in the alternative plans are all decided in the preliminary design documentation.
13)The economic benefits of this project are evident. The recovery time for investment is reasonable and the project has a certain capability against the risks. The total investment on environment Measures is 30.37 million yuan.
14)The public along the highway are active in supporting the intended Highway. Their main problem concerned is about compensation for land for use taken over, removing and settling down. The construction units should make explanation to them and give them reasonable compensation.
15) From the view of environment protection, the highgrade Highway from Baotou to Dongsheng is a good project with its route reasonable and its benefits considerable. The project can be realized.
10.2 National Road Route 208 Baiyincagan To Fengzhen Highway
l)The intended Highway will extremely improve the transportation conditions from BaiyinCaGan to Fengzhen area bringing considerable social and economic benefits for these areas, also playing important roles in promoting exploitation of the local mineral resources, making the overall economy in these areas rapidly develop, enhancing the unity among the nationalities in the minority area and making the society stable, increasing income for the people living in the poor areas along the highway and reducing the poor population, as well as developing local tourism cause.
31 2) According to the initial on-the-spot investigation . no identified cultural relic spots have been found along the intended highway. If cultural relics are found during the construction, the construction work should be stopped and the relevant cultural relic department should be informed. The construction can't be continued until the relics are unearthed and well arranged. The project construction won't affect the cultural relics concerned along the route.
3)The project has not much house removing and settlement work involved. The wvorkingplan will be drawn up in details for the land requisition, house-removiig and settlemcnt, and soieonces will be put in charge of these affairs. All this work will be finished by the end of December, 1997.
4)The intended highway occupies rather little land and the occupation of the land has rather little effects on the utilization of the land. Along with the completion of the highway, and its being put into service the land along the route will get increment in value, raising the usable value of the land resources.
5)The ecological environment along the Highway is mainly of farming, species of plants and animals all of general kinds, no rare plants and animals in imminent danger, so the influence on the wild plants and animals around is not quite big.
6)The project is located in the arid or semiarid region, with sparse vegetation, bad water and soil erosion and land in the part of areas desertified. The destruction of the vegetation and earth surface due to borrow and spoil of earth may cause partial soil erosion and worsen land desertification. The use of the environment protection measures for the project will be helpful for the water and soil conservation and the prevention of land desertification in some areas along the highway. By implementing the greening and vegetation recovering project, the destroyed vegetation can be recovered gradually, thus optimizing and beautifying the ecological environment along the route.
7) The present situation of the sound environment along the intended highway is relatively good. The on-the-spot monitoring results show that no monitoring spot record surpasses the noise criteria.
8) The influence limits of noise from the operating machines in the daytime during the stage of the construction: the noise criteria beyond 50 meters are all below 70 dB(A) and those beyond 100 meters are all below 60 dB(A). Broader influence limits from the operating machines may appear at night. The noise criteria of the most operating machines may be up to 55 dB(A) about 100 meters away and the strong noise may reach 55 dB(A) beyond 300 meters or so. Some measures are to be taken during the construction in order to reduce the influence on the inhabitant around.
9) During the service stage of the highway, the influence of the traffic noise on the sensitive spots within 200 limits on both sides along the line is relatively little, influencing relatively little on all sensitive spots along the line except for Hongshaba Elementary School which receivcs a certain influence of the noise. Only in the later future service, may the influence of noise on the first row of houses beside the road in some individual sensitive places exceed the criteria a little to the extent of 0.1-1.0 dB(A). But the influence at night on every sensitivc spot is somewhat great, able to cxcecd the noise criteria in every service period of the highway. Therefore, the comprehensive measures must be taken to reduce the influence of noise to the minimal extent.
10 )The present situation of the atmospheric environment in the arca along the intended highway is rather good. The on-the-spot monitoring results show that, except for a higher TSP background value for other targets, rather clean results are recorded with relatively low conentration values of every monitoring spot.
I I)During the construction of the Highway, noise and dust will have some inpact on the residents living near the Highway being built. Therefore some suitable measures will be taken to minimize those problems.
12)During the Highway service course, the tailgas emissions from motor vehicles will not exceed the concentration value specified for the sensitive spots on both sides of the r route, thus producing
32 relatively small effect on the environmient.
13)Each measure for environrment protection recommended in The EIA should be carried out during the periods of design, construction and service. After these measures are carried out, some negative influence can be diminished or lowered to an acceptable level.
14)The plans recommended in the alternative plans are all decided in the preliminary design documentation.
15)The economic benefits of this project are evident. The recovery time for investment is reasonable and the project has a certain capability against the risks. The total investment on environment protection is 18.283 million yuan.
16)The public along the highway are active in supporting the intended Highway. Their main problem concerned is about compensation for land for use taken over, removing and settling down. The construction units should make explanation to them and give them reasonable compensation.
17)From the view of environment protection, the Highway from BaiYinCaGan to FengZhen is a good project with its route reasonable and its benefits considerable. The project can be realized.
33 C-)~~~~~~~~
:~~~
V~ ~ ~ ~~~~~XPop!^s's R c puiDl o f China o~~
ig Li, 1-C I Geocr-ap'l-iIcalH poSitLiOIlm--ap of Innr.-IiJioncrolia Aut-onlomois-ResionChina At '
Ru.sl ,
4~~~ %
r- G : r kA Z. 11 ,'yF^K8^
I, r
/P
At.'
C,y ,. ! j '4
A4Ii*ve prK.ectPstilima.,'_g e te ,i,t
j4/}~~N 4 / 03Xi \ j 1 6G>\X It I*lolsglalil (
.~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~.**
J IA .~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Figuire3 ExistinlgEnlviroinmenital Coniditioni Map
16~ ~ ~ .TT~Thf'f~ ''
!V--4hr -* 4"-F' .~N<~;~\ p~/B A>.'AJ ~t
* .~~~~ . / . . ~~~~~~~~~2Y-'~~~~~1 :' ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ '~~~' Legend~~~~-A
JI. ~ ~ ~; t I4 I ' ______f<.~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ii. _ .
i~~~~ ~ ~~~~~...... - Part B: Gansu Tue People's Republlic of 'ClJiiw Nationtal Trulnk Road 312 ill Gainsu provintce Lligouhe-Zhonghe and Xiijiamo-Gnilang Section
ENVIRONMENTALIMPACT ASSESSMENT
EXECUTIVESUMMARY
(RevisedV'e,rsion)
LanzlhouUnivei-shiy - XAdii lhighwayUniiversity
Dec. 1997 ABBREVIATION
EIA Environmental Impact Assessment GPCD Gansu Province CommunicationsDepartment GPCPDI Gansu Province Communication Planning and Designing Institute GPEPB Gansu Environmental Protection Bureau NEPA National Environmental Protection Agency PDNC Planning Department of MC iLZ Liugouhe-Zhong.e of ihe Highway X-G Xujiamo-Gaolan Section of the Highway EP Environmental Protection EAP Environmental Action Plan CONTENTS
I GENERAL ......
1.1 PURPOSEOF EIA ...... 1 1.2 BASESFOR THIE EIA RFPORT...... 2 1.3 SCOPEAND STANDARDS OF EIA ...... 2 1.4 ASSEsSMENTPERIODS: ...... 3 1.5 AsSEsSMENTMETrIODS ...... 3 2 PROJECT DESCRRIPTION...... 4
2.1 PROJECT DESCRIPTION OT L-Z SECTION ...... 4 2.2 PROJECTDEscRIPrIoN OF X-G SECTION ...... 6 3. ENVIRONMENTAL COND1TIONAND SENSMTVEPOINTS ...... 1 0
3.1 ENVrRONMENTAL CONDITION ...... I...... 10 3.2 ENVIRONMENTAL SENsrrIvE PONrs ...... 13 4 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT PREDICITION ...... 16
4. 1 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF L-Z SECTION...... 1 6 4.2 ENVIRONMENT IMPACT OF X-G SECTION...... 21 5 NMTIGATORY MEASURES AND SUGGESTIONS ...... 29
5. 1 MITIGATORY M EASURESAND SUGGESTION OF L-Z SECTION ...... 29 5.2 MITIGATORY MEASURES AND SUGGESTION OF X-G SECTION ...... 33
6 ALTERNATIVE ANALYSIS ...... 35
6.1 ALTERNATIVF ANALYSIS OF L-Z SECTION ...... 35 6.2 ALTERNATIVE ANALYSIS OF X-G SECTION...... 36 7 OUTLINE OF EAP AND ENVIRONMENTAL COST ...... 40
7.1 OUFLINE OF ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION PLAN ...... 40 7.20RGALSa C3oF o ENKALm s UIMON...... 46 7.3 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING ...... 47 7.4 EQUIMENT FOR ENVIRONMNTAL MoNIToRiNG ...... 49 7.5 ENVIRONMNETAL PERSON TRAINING ...... 49 7.6. TOTAL NET COST OF ENVIRONMENT ...... 49
8. BENEFTTANALYSIS OF ENVORONMENTAND ECONMY ...... S1
8.1 ECONOMIC BENEFIT ANALYSIS ...... 51 8.2 SOCIAL ENVIRONMENT BENEFIT...... 5 1 9 PUBLIC PARTICIPATION...... 52
9.1 PUBLIC PARTICIPATION OF L-Z SECTION...... 52 9.2 PUBLIC PARTICIPATION OF X-G SECTION ...... 55 9.3 THE PLANNEDWORK OF THE PUBLIC PARTICIPATIONWHEN EIA, EAP ANDES ARE COMPLETED.. 57 10 CONCLUSIONS: ...... 58
10. 1 CONCLUSIONS OF L-Z SECTION ...... 58 10.2 CONCIUSIONSOF X-G SEC-ION...... 60 1 General
The Liugouhe-Zhonghe Highway(hereafter referred as to "L-Z") and the Xujiamo-Gulang highway (hereafter referred as to "X-G") are two sections of National Trunk Road312 Shanghai-Yining and Lianyungang-Horgous in Gansu-Province. The Road 312 is one of the arteries of traffic connecting -Western and Eastem China. With the opening of Asian-European Continent Bridge. the interior economy in China will be centered on and there will be more economic dealings of Xinjiang with other part of the country. The present Liugouhe-Zhonghe highway, low in grade, seriously streetlike jammed with traffic, and frequent with accidents, goes from east to west through the city proper of Lanzhou, capital of CanstuProvince. With the economic growth in China and the economic development in the northwest region, the highway can no longer satisfy the traffic need, so L-Z Highway should be built as early as possible. In addition, the counties which the route of X-G section passes (Yongdeng, Tianzhu and Gulang), are of the economically developing belt which is rich in natural resources. Also. the X-Z road is an access to the Hexi Corridor called the bam in Gansu. However, the existing Xujiamo-Gulang Highway can no longer meet the requirements of rapid growth of economy as a national trunk artery due to low in grade, numerous crossings, frequent with accidents and, as a result, low transport efficiency. Thus, it has held back the economic growth in Lanzhou City and its neighbouring countries. So, it is very necessary and also urgent to build the X-G road as earily as possible. Therefore, Gansu Province plans to get a loan from the World Bank to build thoes sections of the road. Entrusted bv GPCDI in compliance with the ELA requirements of the World Bank, Lanzhou University completed the EIA reports and EAP of L-Z section in 1997, Xian Highway University completed the EIA reports and EAP of X-Z section in 1997.Allof the documents are approved by NEPA.
1.1 Purpose of EIA
(1) To determine the target of environimenitalprotection by surveying present situations of natural environment and social surroundings along the route; (2) To predict and assess the impact on the environment on both sides during construction and operation phases; (3) To analyze the positive and negative impact on both sides of the road, put forward necessary environmental mitigatory measures to minimize the adverse impact appTopriatelyto keep highway construction in step with environmentalprotection; (4) To provide evidences for the engineering design of environmental protection and environmental management of the section. 1.2 Bases for the EIA Report
(1) "Environmental Management Methods for Construction Projects" issued by NEPAC No 003(86); (2) "Environmental Management Methods for Traffic Construction Projects" issued by MOC No 17.(90): (3) "A Circular Letter on Strengthening ETA of Projects Usilng Loans from International Finance Organizations" No 324(1993); (4) Review of the Pioject Proposal of Lanzhou Liugouhe-zhonghe Highway issued by PDMC. Letter No.622(1994): (5) Feasibility Research Report on Lanzhou Liuliouhe-zhonglie of National Road 312. issued by GPCPDL 1/96 (6) Outline of Environmental Impact Assessment of Lanzhou Liugouhe-Zhongbe of National Trunk Road 312 (7) Mandate of Environmental Impact Assessment of Lanzhou Liugouhe-Zhonghe in National Road 312 (8) "Official Reply on Proposal of Project of Liugouhe(in Lanzhou)-Gulang Highway" No 622(1994)(from MOC); (9) "Project Feasibility Study Report of X-G" by Gansu Planning & Design Institute of Communications. Feb. 1997; (10) "An Outline of EIA;" (I1) "An Inspection Reply on the Outline of EIA of X-G" from the NationaL Environmental Protection Agency, No 293.[1996]; (12) "A Reply on the Outline of EIA of X-G" from the National Environmental Protection Bureau; (13 ) "Soil and Water Conservation law of P.R.C." (14) The Operation directives of the World Bank. 1.3 Scope and Standards of EIA
For the scope and standards of EIA of the proposed road, see Table I - I
Table 1-1 The scope and Standardsof the EIA Item Scope Standards Factors Soil erosion within 200m. extendthe scopeearth wasteand borrow area Agricultural within 200m. Sv-' Gb 14935-94. Food Sanitatioii Pb in crop ecology Standards Ambient air within 200m. GB 3095-96, Ambient air quality CO, NOx, standards(ll) TSP, Pb THC
2 Item Scope Standards Factors Acoustics within 200m. GB 309693, EnvironmentalNoise Leq environment Standards in city Area, class 11for school
______and hospitals. Social Direct impact: within environment 200m, Indirect impact: Key area Water within 1000m of the lower GB 3838-88, Surface waterEnvironmental pH, COD, oil, reaches of rivers or Quality Standard, class II or III use different ss
______reservoirs classes for the differentsurface water. Soil within 200m GB 15618-95soil EnvironmentQuality Pb in soil I_ Standards, class 11.
1.4 Assessment periods:
L-Z section Construction Period( 1998-2002) Operation Period: Initial Period( 1 998-2002), Middle Period(20 1 0), Late peTiod(2020) X-G section 1) Construction phase: 1998-2002 2) Medium-term operation phase: 2010 3) Long-term operation phase: 2022
1.5 Assessment Methods
For assessment contents and methods see Table 1-2. Table 1-2 Assessment Contents and Methods Item Methods Remarks ecological environment model analys:s for soil erosion and lead content sectional calculation for in soil; analogical methods for lead content in soil erosion; typical land crops analysis for lead content traffic noise impact field monitoring for existing environment sensitive spots as subjects ambient air impact quality; model prediction combined with of assessment water impact analogical analysis :--r eavironment impact social environment collecting data, questionaires and prediction analysis
3 2 Project Description
2.1 Project Description ot L-Z section
2. 1.1 Location, Alignment and Major controling points of L Z Section The highway starts at k2196 on National Trunk Road 312, on the liugoube of the east outline of lanizbou, nuis northlward across quanzigou, Liugouhe, Majiagou, Daqling mountain to Guchlenping, then it pass Bao-lan and Long-lhai Railways to soutlhern bal)1kof Yellow River. Because of the separation by Yellow River. The route mav have twvo alternative scheme, They are Nothem scheme (N-scheme) and southlern scheme (S-scheme). The Ilighway of N-scheme pass Yellow River to it's iortlheni bank, througli Qinbaishi to Zaoshugou on the east side of Yanchangbu.(this sclhemeliave beeii recommended by the Feasibility researcli report of the project). S- scheme runs westward aloug the soutlhem baak of the Yellow River, through the NoTtliside of Gansu education institute, to eastern Yantan, then it rmns Northward and pass Yellow river to Zaoshugou on Northern bank of Yellow River linking to N- scieine. theni it extends along the Zaoshugou across Baishitougou, xiaogou, luotuoxialzi, National Trunk road 109 to west side of Dasbagou, extends nortlhward to Zhonglie on the end of project. The Routine can be seen in Fig2.2 From above, We know that the section from Douggang to Zaoshugou of the project lhave two partial altemation scheme. One is at the Nortlern bank of the Yellow River and another at the southem bank. '. 1.2 Constretiction Scale and Main Techlnical Indexes of L-Z Section 112ewlhole activities of the project (Recomniended schieme) are slhowed in table 2.1 and 2.2.
4 Table.2. I Construction Scale and Main Engineering Volume of the Project Items Unit Quantity
N-Scheme
MIav-inRoad km 33.028 .otal Estimated Invesnmenit thiousandvuan 148358.0014 Lazudfor Construction 2843 Retmovalof Houses I,, 8660
Remioval of Wire Poles 108
Removal of Optical Cables kmi. 3
Constriction Penod year 4
Roadbed Earthwork thousand ni3 8084.763
Pa.;vement thousand n 3 201.415 TTunnels m 0 Large Bridges ditto 3265.20/8 Medium and Small Bridges ditto 43.54/1 hiterchinge 9
It )erpazs 3
Chiarge Installations 3
Table. 2.2 Main Technical Indexes Technical Grade N-Scheme
Tec}Hr;.. Jsce.w Mountain Expressway
(' alculntedDriVing Speed (kIm/lh) 80
Width of Roadbed (m) 21.5
Widthi of Driving Lane (ni) 37.5 x 2
iHoriziontalCtu-ve (in) 200
ITcp Rile(%) S
Design Flood Frequenicyof Roadbed 1/100
Design Load of Bridges and Culverts Truck--over 20 Grade with Trailer 120
5 2.2 Project Description of X-G section
2.2. l Alignment and Major Controlling Points of X-G Section
(1) Geographical location The proposed highway starts at Heba of Xujiamo and meets with Shuping- Xujiamo lighlway wlhichiis under construction. It terminates nortli of Gulang Country- L,ll an(I is connected withi existing Trunik Line 312 at K2432+700. then extends lbnvard till K2433+474 (destination). Tfle total length covers 148.99kmr Fig. 2-1 slhows its geograpllical location. (2)Aligninent ( recommended) and major controlling points Basically', the route goes from soutlh to north. Starting at Heba of Nujiamo. it goes tiortlwxvardsoni tlhe' easteni terrace of Zhuanlang River against the current along with exisling liizliway 312 and Lan-Xini Railroad. 'Thien the route goes following this alignment: Lonigquanlsi--Majiapinig--Yongdeng County-town -- Tianzhu County-- towii--Anwen -Wusliao Mountains--Anyuan Town--Longgoubao--Heisongyi-- Sliibaipu--Gulang Gorge--north of Gulang Town--meets existing National Trunk Line 3 12 at(K2432+700)--destination K2433+474. Thle major controlling spots are: Heba of Xujianio, Longquansi west of Yongdeng CoLnty-town. Wushengyi. east of Tianzhu County-town,Anyuan Town. Siubaipu and Gulanig. For thieirlocations, see Fig 2-1. 12.2. Construction Scale and Main Tecllnical Indexes of X-G Sectioni The planned X-G road is 148.9km loing and the total cost of the project is estimated to be 1,618,440,000 RMB yuan (about $194,992,771). Thle teclhnical standards for this project are those for auto-only highways in liglhtrolling areas and lhilly areas. For major teclnical indexes oftlle roa( see Table 2-3. :inl.le2.3 Major Techlnical Indexes of X-G Section sections Xiujiaio-- Lcngqtansi Anmen- Mohewan connecting itetius Longgualsi -Anmen Mohewan -Gulang line landfeatures liglit rolling plain light ieanvyrolling heavy rolling light rolling area on plan i aarea rea il hiarea rea in hills area on plan area class automobile-only, class 11 large width, class Ill class [I design speed (km/h) 80 60 widthof sibgrade(m) 16.50 T 12.00 12.00 15.00 8.50 jstopping vision I10 75 110 75 dist(ni) designed load of automobile-super20, trailer- 120 automobile 20 bridge & culvert trailer 100
6 2.2.3 Work Amount of X-G Section Tluework amounltof X-G sectioniis listed in Table 2-4. Table 2-4 Work Amount of the project of X-G section sections in Yongdeng in Tianzilu in Gulanig total unit County CoLnty CoLunty items _ ittile tengti kin 63.658 54.105 31.2 148.99 CL,Ih-nidenIrrh) kill; 55700(0 1825.73 1373.37 10769.10 s.tb-radestone kii3 _ 615.27 648.29 1263.56 v:nrk paveoinelt kn3 602.60 477.027 368.388 1448.015 iargebrige mn/place 599.80/3 360.78/2 116.00/1 1076.58/6 nied.&small brige rn/place 1296.6/56 1438.5/48 520.4/10 3254/114 cthlvert place 362 216 84 662 tecTlalige 4 2 , 6 ('radeseparation 5 3 5 13 passage 43 21 - 64 servicearea I I 2 :Omininistratioii I I. 3 IWLmitilenia_iwe_ 2 2 I 5
2.2.4 Wotk SclheduLle [)esign: June, 1996 - Dec., 1998 Coonstrulctioni:July. 1998 - Juie 30,2002(48 .;months) 2.L2.5Cost estimate and Funds Raise Thieproposed highway will cost 1,628,437,000 Rennimnbiyuan including a loan of I US $60,000,000 from the World Bank(415,080,000 yuan).subsidizationi of t50).000,00) yuan from MOC. with the remaininig raised by the Government of Gansu provinice.
7 Fig. 2.1 Mlap of Project Location
HuoX ,uosU E
Qingi Provinceg l QQ1JTBai\C inL CAit¶
G~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~l G<312 S/GulullgXlibaliptl Ga~~~~~~Aonoqansiinba L
Qilgliai Provinle G10
l RS LCt0oH E~~~~G10
_-~~~LTR JE U10(A M ~2&t L> ~,74« -~ C½J~-~'.-I A ~ *m 4 r•% ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~tr ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ -
4k- .~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~,~~~~~~~~~ -¾-~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ - 9~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~>r&~~~~~~~~~~~~~I
t~~~r~~/ AVAII1H 119NtI 0 -AI0911 A AVID JQ 3. Environmental condition and sensitive points 3.1 Environmental condition 3. l. I Natural Enivironment 3. 1.1. Topograpliy & Geology & earthiquaike Thlietopograph1ic features along L--Z sectioniis characterized by valley and hills. LiugoLuhte-Doiggailg, Zaosliugou-Zhonghicare situated in hilly region, Douggang-- Zaoshugou is onlvalley flinige. Topography aloiig the X-G route is clharacterizedby level land. The section betweeniYonigdenig Counity-townl goes alonigthe valley belong to ligh rolling areas. In the bowidaiies of TianizliuCounity, it goes oni the grassland. Then it goes into The Gulang,Gorge, with tlie rest being of light undulate area which is relatively flat. Tlhere are some poor geological plhenomenonin both sections. Oni L--Z section iJrcie are Mud-Rock Flow anid loess depressioni cave. The length of poor sections is aIHlI 3.Okm-i.Oni X-G section).tlhere are weak slopes. frost boiling and continuous flux o![wv;IICr. 'lie total lenigtlhof the poor sectiou is 10.5km. Accor-dinigto thie earthquake intensity divisions of Gansu province. the basic iitensity of the L-Z area is 8 degrees., and the inteinityof X-Z area is 7-9 magnitudes. 31. 1.2 Climate aud lhydrology L-Z sectioni is situated deep i3 the inlaimd,time area along it belongs to semi-arid temnperatecLimate zone. and its chiief climate cliaracteristics are great difterence of temperature. low railifall and high evaporation. The meaii annual temperature is 10.1 C, the imiean tenmperatures in July and January are respectively 22.6 'C and -6.7 C. The niaxfiiuulndaily temperature difference amounts to 28 'C-30.2 C due to cold current in spring. The mean annual rainfall is about 300rmn, the evaporation capacity is over 1440mm wlich is approximately 5 times of the rainfall, the annual frost free season 186-200 days, the annuial suneslhiniedurationi 2,675 hours, and the mean annual accwnlllated temperature > 1O is 2,940 'C. The city proper of Lanzhou, situated in a arrniw ba .inof iver valley, lhas smiiallwind speed muchl counterflow and heavy air X-Z SeCtiOli a]'ea is oii the climatic transition belt from temperature and semi-arid zonie to 1-lexicold an(l temperate zone except for Wusliao Mountains and Tiauzhu (Cowil)y which are colt! andl arid because of higlh altitude. Time aluiually average temper-atur-cis between -0.2 - 9. l 'C, withi -0. 2 'C in Wushao Mountains. Thlehighest temperature is between 33-39 'C, while the lowest temperature is between -26.4 - -28 'C, The relative ihuinidityis 54-59%, The annual raoifall is 263.4-411.3mm with WuislizoMoulntainis being the greatest(411.3). Rainy seasoni:July-September. 10 Thle main rivers(gullies) the L--Z highway passes are the Yellow River and its tributaries, the Liugoulie river and the Dashagou Gully which are both seasonal surface waters. For many years the mean annual runoffs of the Dashagou Gully and the Liugouile River are respectively 0.221 and 0.018 million m3. As measured by Lanzhou Hydrometric Station the mean annual runoff of the Yellow river is 33,700 million m3 in h:io1 flow year( 1967), and 32,800 million ni3 in low hiowVyear( 1969).The ratio of strieat1 values of annutlalmnoff is 2.2 and( the inter year difference of runoffs is small. .since 1909 the nuioffofLanzlhou section of the Yellow River has been under artificial coIItol of Liujiaxia Hydraulic Station and the difference between the runoffs is simall.Since 1969, the runoff of Lanzhioti section of the Yellow River has been under artificial control of Liujiaxia Hydraulic station anidthe difference between the runoffs of thlehigl flow period(Juie to November)and of the low flow period (December. the next January to may)has been decreased. The river system whiclhthe X---G passes. are the Yellow River system (south of Wtishao Mountains). The former consists of the Zhuanglang River( in boundaries of Yongdeng County)and the Jinqiang River., a branichof it. while the latter consists of the GullangRiver and its branch the Longgou River.The Shibaipu Reservoir is located on the east side of the road extending from K2412-700 to K24 13100. 3.1.1.3 Soil Fauna and Flora Iyv)e of soil along L--Z highway is loess. Types of soil along the X-G highway are: soil boess.millet calcium soil clierhozern, paramo soil, antliiopogenic-alluvialsoil. 1Iliesectioni the L--Z hiighlwaypasses is thle desert and grassland area the west of the loess plateau on wbich grow desert and grassland vegetation, mainly shortflower iieedlegrass yaTrowajania camel tlhon atid zygooligllumfabago accompaniiedhy typical grassland plants such as bunge needlegrass and awnless cleistogenes. The vegetation is slhort, and poor in variety. The wild aniinals are wolf hiare, fox, wild pigeon, etc. aiid cultivated plants, mainly wheat, corn, buckwlheat,vegetables, Bailan melon, apple, pear, peach and apricot. There are scattered artificial forests of poplar and willow along the lie alid all old forest of poplar, pine and cypress in Xujiaslhanforest Farm that the line passes tlhrouglh. To X-G highway: the vegetation in the section of Xujiamo-Yongdeng is of agricultural, crops: there are some vegetables and orchards on the plain. Kinds of trees tire poplars, willows and birches. Thle section of Yongdeng-Tianzhu has poorer wvetation witlhsome steppe plantation on tenaces hi]ly benclhialidand sloping held and tliiii 'Iisbes oil suwinyslopes. Plantation in GtulanigGorge is cliaracterized by deserted -r;assland with a cover percentage of 10%. Agricultural crops dominate in other parts with a percent of 30-50%. No rare plants lhavebeen found. Thle animals in the X-G areas are mainly fox, wolf, plheasantand some kinds of birds. Based on survy, there are no protected animals and plants in two areas of the proposed higlhway. 3.1.2 Social Environment 3.1.2.1 Social Economy rhe L-Z higlhwaypasses througlh Lanzliou city, the capital of Ganisu Province and I1 the X-G link Lanzhou to Wuwei. Lanzhoui has developed into the largest comprehensive industrial city on the upper reaches of the Yellow River giving priority to petroleum refinement, chemical industry, machinofacture, wool spinning and nonlferrous metallurgical industry. Lanzlhoucity has tlle jurisdiction over five districts anidtllree cotuntieswitlh total area of 13,000km2 . In 1992, its total population reached to 2.6 millioni.The total industrial and agricultural output values were, according to the otiustalntprice of 1990, respectvely 15,700 million yuan and 800 million yuan, and gross national output was 8,470 milliom yuan. The vehicle owning quantity was 42,800, accountinig for 35% of the provincial total. Since 1980, the total values of the mlunicipalindustrial and agricultural outputs, national income, vehicle owning quantity and thie circular volume of road freight have been graduaDlyincreasing by respectively 8.69%,12.36%, 7.77% and 9.16% . Its social economy, science, technology and cultural exchanges are geting increasingly active. It will affect Lanzhou city, Wuwei r-efecture and Jinchang city directly or indirectly promoting the economic growth in these areas. General social conditions of these areas are as follows: populationi: 6,519,000, 27.3% ofthe province total GNP: 32,518,000,000 RMB yuan, 58% oftlie province total GOVOLA: 31,550,000,000 RMB yuan, 45.7% ofthe province total ;ross output of grain: 1,533,400 toii, 24.5% of the province total F:ieC(fassets: 18,300,000,000 RMB yuan, 53.9% ofthe province total ;s venoe: 2,500,000,000 RMB yuan, 74.29% ofthe province total Nleanwhlilethie proposed road directly promote the Yuzlhong,Gaolang, Yongdeng, and GulalngCounties througlhwhlichi the highway will pass. The five countries are developing agricultuiralareas. Annual revenue per person is firom814.2-2520 RMB yuan, Wheat grows well with one crop a year. Major crops are: wheat maize and potatoes. Cash crops are: oil plants, melons and beets. Average yield p niuer is 109kg for crops, that of oil plants is 90kg per mu. 3.1.2.2 Historical and cultural relics According to investigation. there is no important historical site or other cultural relics for preservation within the range of 500m from the proposed hlighway. 3.1.3 Existing EnviioinmenitalQuality 1.3.1 L-Z sectioIn ilic soil erosioni in the place wlhere thie road passes is divided into 3 types: the hiily-gullyregioni with the module 9000-1400t/km2: the terrace on losses hills with the moduttle5000 -9000t/km2 and the alluvial plain of river valley with soil erosion module lower tlhan 3000tIkm2. The lead content in soil in the constructioniarea is between 18.14-24.13 mg/kg, belonging to the imcontaminiatedstate. Tle noise background value is between 32.0-48.8dB(A), belonging to a relatively quiet state. As for thle air quality in the area, the daily average concentration of CO, NOx and THC exceeds the standard in Qingbaishi section. NOx surpasses the concentration 12 standard for one time, which has something to do with the pollution diffision of Lanzhou proper. For other sections, the air quality is rather good in accordance with the national standard of Grade HI. The water quality of the Yellow River that the toad goes though is bad belonging to Grade IIl of waterregion, in which coli index and phenol go beyond the national stanidard of Grade III. The water quality of the Liugouhe river is good. 3.1.3.2 X-G sectioll Soil Erosion: The situations of soil loss in the Toute line area vary with coverage of vegetation. Survev shows soil erosion module is between 800-2000t/km2 * a. Acoustic Quality: the monitored results show that the acoustic environmental qualities at the spots of urban areas, rural areas and schools meet the Environmental Noise Stalidards in GB3096-93. Therefore, existing acoustic environment along the proposed route is good. The residents and villagers enjoy a quiet environment. Ambient Air Quality: The moititored results indicated that the ambient air qualities along the route are fairly good and do not exceed National Ambient Air Quality Standards (class II) except TSP which exceeds the standard by 20-80% due to loess laud soil and poor vegetation. Water Quality: The monitored water quality of water bodies along the route is fairly food., meeting the Gansu local planning water body standards of environmental quality. Soil Quality: Based on the monitoring data,both fanning soil and crops along the proposed road have not been contaminated by lead; 3.2 EnvironmentalSensitive Points 3.2.1 EnviroimnientalSensitive Points on L-Z section On L-Z, there are I I sensitive points. The sensitivty of each point is different to envronmetital facts, among whiclh there are 5 of soil erosion, 5 of noise, 5 of air environment, 2 of water envirorunent, I of vegetation destruction and I of viberation. The details are shown in Table 3-1. Table 3. 1 Summary of the Environmental Sensitive Points of the L-Z Expressway No Place Name Distance From Sensitive Summary Remarks Road Factors 100-200meast soil 160 households, 800 persons; crops: corn, I Xujiaying Village of the road fruit trees, etc.; 3 teachers & 100 students in Xujiaying Primary School Fangjiaquan witlhoverpass & noise, 50mfiorn primary schoolacross Litgoube River, Village embankment water quality housesto be dimianted,conotrated residents; 2 through tunnelaheadwidi largexcavafxiwork 3 Yanerwan across Yellow water Yellow River Bridge 71 Om long with an Northem River quality, approach occupyinga large stretch of orchard soil on the north bank 13 No Place Name t?istance From Sensitive Summary Remarics Road Factors 4 Qingshiwan 150m north of soil 3 hamlets, 1, 700 persons; Northern Village the road orchard;360 personsin Qingshi Primary School 80m right off 5 Qingbaishi 50-200mnorth noise, air, 310 households;30 teachers& 320 students Northem Township of the road soil in Qingbaishi Middle School50m right off; orchards 6 CGanistiEduication 20m south noise, air 400 teachers& 2, 000 students occupying Southem Instittute of the road 1150inu vegetation farms for many years of Forest Bureau in destruction, ChengguanDistrict, ProvincialMachinery 7 Beishan Green through soil loss Dept: & MunicipalElectromechanical Area Bureau;4km long 200m north of noise, air, concentratedresidential area; 8 Yanchangbu the road interference many houses to be dismantled of occupying land 9 Observatory 200m south of vibration, fine seismic measuring geomagneism Southern |road instruments 10 BeilongkoU through occupying 12km long, 1.1km wide at most; already 20 DevelopmentZone longithdinally land, etc. Cliina-Xianggangjoint venttues I I1 Zhoniglhevillage 200m east of noise, air 70 households, 300 persons L .______Lthe road 3.2.2 Environmental Sensitive Points on X-G section On X-G section, the environmentally sensitive spots have been determined: 3 countvytowns, 4 villages, lOschools and I reservoir. See Table 3.2. The locations of major sensitive site can be seen on the Annex Fig I (The Environmental sensitive Points and Environmental Monitoring points). Table 3.2 Environmentally Sensitive Spots along X-G order post No location distancefrom brief description sensitive centreof road (m) issues IK2300+000 Majiaping east 50 150 The placewhere the Management air, noise & Divisionof YongdengEast trunk soil Canal is lkcatedwith populationof 290;theproposed road passes ______througha small rose garden 2 K2307+600 Majiawan The planned road crosses the east water quality canal ineastnain canal 14 order post No location distance from brief description sensitive centre of road (m) . issues 3 K2318+S00 west of 40 - 200 on * On the westem bank of the air, nose, - K2319+300 Yongdeng both sides Zhuanglang River, there are 120 water quality County-town households with 436 people and in Zhuanglang some will have to be removed Rive 4 K2334+700 Tungouwan east 50 - 200 There are 68 households and noise & air - K2335+000 Tungouwan Primary School with 300 students. 5 K2347+800 Tianzhu east 30 - 150 The road passes by the back walls o noise,air & - K2348+300 County-town Tianzhu Minority Normal School soil quality and its primary school and county Minority High School by 30m and 150Imrespectively b K2354+500 Yezlhigou east 30 - 200 There are 126 households,a primary air, noise school with 120 students and 6 teachers. There will be some removement. 7 K2402+600 Longgoubao east 0 - 30 There is a primary school with 300 air,noise * students and 11 teachers. The school will be removed and be resettled. 8 K2408+800 Heisongyi west 40 - 200m There is a high school with 250 noise, air, - K2409+900 students and 24 teachers. The road quality, soil passes by the back wall of thee erosion, land school; a primary school with 300 use shtdents and 8 teachers; about 140 removement & ______households. resettlement K2412+700 Shibalipu west o - On the eastem bank ofShibalipu water quality KK2413+000 Reservoirthere is a ;eologicaflypoor in reservoir & section with loose rocks because of soil erosion bad deflation The reservoir will erode subgrade unavoidably. 10 K2412+50 Guandimian west 50 - 200 There are a primary school with 120 air & noise - K2414+000 Village students and 136 households. IJ K2415+250 Shibalipu south 40 - 150 There are residentialareas with 237 noise & air - K2416+200 Village houscholds and a primary school with 120students and a small clinic. 12 K2424+200 east of east 40 - 200 There are 820 households,electric air, noise, - K2425+500 Gulang substation,a carpet factory,a land-taking & County-town chemical plant, a pharrnacy factory removement and a shoe factory. 15 4 Environmental Impact Prediction 4.1 EnvironmentalImpact of L-Z section 4.1.1 Analysis of Ecological EnviromnentalImpact and Recovery Measures The vegetation in constniction sites such as roadbed, the area in the range of 50m from the road borrow area and spoil area will be completely or partly destroyed. and the soil for plant growth wil be affected in an area about 167,000,000m2. The vegetation destroyed will be mostly the desert and grassland vegetation in the inorthwest of loess plateau. but no key protected plants. It is estimated that the vegetion will be basically restored in this area and the animals will be slightlyaffected. 4.2 Calculation of soil Erosion It is calculated by the general formula of calculation that during construction the soil erosion intensity from Liugoulbeto Donggang and from Zaoshugou-Yanchangbu will be the largest,. 294.74t/ha.yrs. 2.5-3.5 times of that of regional background. In the section of the north bank of the yellow River, the erosion intensity will be I 12.4t.ha.yr., 1.5-2.5 times of present erosion intensity. In the section from Yanchangbu to Zhonghe, the soil erosion intensity is comparatively largest that is 189.83t/ha.yr about 3 times of present erosion intensity. The calculation annual soil erosion volume of whole line in S-schemes 25, 349t/ha.yr.,and that of the N-scheme 28,646tA1a.yr. Wlhenin operation, the soil erosion intenisitywill drop year by year. In 5-8 yrs. it will be below the soil erosion intenisitybefore the construction in this area. 4.1.3 Impact upon Agricultural Environment Thie highway construction will only. occupy about 2,800mu of land, mainly mnountainousland poor in earth quality. Small quatity of vegetable held will be properly compensated and new vegetable fields will be opened upon other places to ensure that agricultural production will not be significantlyaffected. Wheni the highway is put into operation, lead pollution will be somewhat aggravated. In 18 yrs, the lead content will be 33.70-60.67mg/kg in the area 0-20m fromnthe road, the lead content will be lower in the area beyond 20m from the road. Since the soil is alkaline and the activity of lead is low, it is calculated that crops and their products will not be harmed. But when the cumulative effect of lead is considered, with passing of time attention has to be paid to the harm. 4. 1:4 Prediction of Noise Impact (I) In operation0iperiod, it is calculated that in the initial, middle and late period the traffic noise Ifm from thc lane will be no more than 7OdB(A),which will not affect the surroundings significantly at daytime,but at night, the noise will occasionally go beyond the standard and bring about unfavorable impact on Qingbaishi Middle School and Gausu Education Institute in construction and operation periods. It can be seen in Table 16 4.1 and 4.2 for details. Table 4.1 Prediction Values of Traffic Noise in All Sections of the L-Z Expressway Unit:dB(A) Sections -002yr. 201Oyr. 2020yr. Dav Night peak Day Night peak Day Night pea !.ugoulie-Donganng 63.2 55.8 64.9 66.2 59.0 68.0 68.5 61.2 69.8 Dongganga-Zhonghe N-scheme 64.3 57.0 66.1 67.1 59.8 69.1 68.1 60.8 69.6 S-scheme 65.0 57.7 66.8 67.7 60.4 69.7 68.7 61.4 69.9 Zaoshluzou-Yanchanbu 64.1 56.8 65.5 67.3 60.0 69.4 69.6 62.3 70.8 Yanchanibu-Zlhonghe 65.3 57.9 66.9 68.2 - 60.9 69.7 70.9 63.4 71.2 Note: The prediction value is made at 15m from the lane center. Table 4.2 Prediction Values of Environmental Noise on the Sensitive Points of the L-Z Road Unit: dB(A) No Milepost of Distance Environiinetital Over-Standard Remarks Sensitive Points from Lane Year Noise Values values Center (ni) Day | Night Day Night Fanjiaquan 2002 61.8 53.6 0 0 residentialarea I K5+100 20 2010 64.2 56.0 0 1.0 (2150 villagers, 2020 66.9 59.0 0 4.6 420 households) Qilngbaishi 2002 56.5 45.2 1.5 0 school (30 teaclh Nliddle 2 Sclhool 2010 57.8 48.5 2.8 0 ers; 320 students), townslip (Scherilell) 80 2020 59.3 50.5 4.4 0 (310households kl 1+000 andl200 people) Gansu Education 2002 58.3 50.4 3.3 0 school (400 3 Institute 30 2010 60.5 50.8 5.5 0 faculty members (Scheme1) 2020 61.8 52.9 6.8 0 with over 2000 K 11+400 students) Yanclhaingbu 2002 64.3 54.8 0 0 dense residential 4 K15+700 40 2010 67.4 56.8 0 3.4 area 2020 69.6 58.4 0 5.3 ZhiongheVillage 2002 65.3 64.3 0 1.0 residentialarea 5 K22+000 20 2010 67.6 56.0 0 3.6 (I120people in _I_ __ 2020 _67.7 | 58.6 0 5. 260households) Note: Tne )redictioll values include the inonitoring values 60.8of the background and iw(t incic(le the monitoring values pf backgrouvd. * The Ist grade standard is adopted near schools in day time, while the 4th grade standard in other time and sensitive poilnts. (2) In construction period, noise in construction period chiefly comes from the coustruction machiiinery and transportation vehicles. The sound level of the main equipment and the reduction values with the change of distance are 58-9OdB. In consideration of the increase of sound levels when the machines are put to work aI the same tine and the various sound decay factors (excludingthe change of distance). the construction woik in daytime will not produce salient impact upon the villages schools lOOmaway from the proposed road, while there still exists some impact upon 17 ilie resi(leits living with 50m from the road. HIowever,the construction will seriously affect the teaching of neiglhborinigsclhools, such as Qingbaisbi Mliddle school (in W- Schelne I1) and Gansu Education institute (in S-Sclheme1). *Thle sound levels of the construction maclhinesat niglhtwithin 150m all surpass the standard. Thlereforethe severe impact will be inflicted upoII the rest of the residents in both villages and city.Tne vehicles for materials transportation drive in single truck most of the time on the ready-made highways. The unfrequented toads in suburbs are clhoseniso that there is not noise impact. Thie quarry is nun by the Lanzhou railway Buureaut.The mnaterialsneeded will not increase in its noise. The clay ground is located in suburbs witlhouthiabitation aroutid and it will not cause noise impact. 4.1.5 Prediction of Atmosphere Environmental Impact (1) In constlructioniperiod Thte impact of the road constrtuction upon the ambient air environmenit comes mainly fiom the asplhalt blendiing grounds alnd powder materials, for example the I l ansportation of lime, coal aslhand soil, concr ete, etc. and their piling grounds. The air pollutants at the blending groud are chiieflyasphalt smoke and blown dust wihiclhaffect the ambient environment to some extent . According the prediction results of TSP obtained at the blending ground in construction period, TSP concentration at 50m away from the roadside, if the teclnique of blenidingon the road is adopted can meet the 2nd grade standard (1.OOmg/Nm3)of air environment quality . The TSP concentration on the leewards at 50m away from the blending station of the storage ground reaches to 90mg/Nm3 100mg/Nm3 at lOOm away and there exists almost no pollutanitimpact at 150m away. The air pollutantsfrom tie road-used powder materials,transportation and storage are the flyash of these materials. The loading, unloading and storage of the matrials will contaminatethe residents and farmlandwithin scores of meters away from the ground. hi con1striIctionperiod the blown dust due to the soi] tranisportationvehicles acts asthle miiaillpollutant. TSP may surpass the standard at 50m from thte roadside on the leeward and at 150m away as well. (2)In operation period The impact can be seen intable 4.3 and Table 4.4 Table 4.3 Air poutions Daily Average contcentrationi Along L-Z Road Section time CO NOx THC Pb 2002 1.125 0.067 1.190 0.0006 Liugouhe-Donggang 2010 1.316 0.086 1.213 0.0007 2020 1.553 0.160* 1.270 0.0010 2002 3.861 0.196* 1.464 0.0013 N-scheme 2010 4.201* 0.225* 1.500 0.0016* Donggang- 2020 4.532* 0.243* 1.543 0.0018* Z30shugoul 2002 3.927 0.199* 1.471 0.0014 S-scheme 2010 4.321* 0.230* 1.513 0.0017* ______2020 4.718* 0.258* 1.573 0.0019* IS Section time CO NOx THC Pb 2002 1.075 0.056 1.197 0.0005 Zaoshugou-Yanchangbu 2010 1.226 0.076 1.200 0.0006 2020 1.478 0.154* 1.260 0.0009 2002 1.274 0.082 1.222 0.0007 Y'anchangbu-Zhongjie 2010 1.612 0.120* 1.269 0.0011 ______2020 2.142 0.183* 1.325 0.0015 TIhe predictive place is 60m fiom the line Table4.4 Positionsof the Sensitive Points alongL-Z Roadand Predictive Concentration Range- No. Place Nature Impact Scope Concentration Range (mglNm3) Fangijaquan Village 200mfrom the road CO:0.9400- 6.2800 NOx:0.0500- 0.5700 THC:1.2800- 1.8900 Pb:0.0003 - 0.0006 2 Qinbaishi Residents 50m north of the road; CO:3.24 - 7.8609 (N-scheme) School 200m south of the road NOx:0.1464 - 0.6060 THC:1.776- 2.3505 Pb:0.0007- 0.0053 3 Ga.;sti EdiucationSchool lOOmsouth of the road C0:3.36 - 7.98 1i1stitute NOx:0.16 - 0.70 TlC:1.93 - 2.56 Pb:0.0007- 0.0012 4 Yanchianigbu urban residents, 200m south of the road CO:].0 - 8.90 govmmentoffices, NOx:0.051 - 0.63 departments THC:1.18 - 2.43 Pb:0.0004 - 0.104 6 Zhionghe Village 200meast of the road CO:1.02 - .10.80 NOx:0.05 - 0.69 THC:I.19 - 2.49 Pb:0.0004 - 0.0107 * The predictive concentration place in from 30m to 200m. As slhownin the Tables, three pollutants surpass the standards to some extent in a few sections, wlhileTHC iiever does so in all sections. CO surpasses the standard from Donggang to Zaoshugou(N-scheme and S- schene) after 2010, and other sections don't surpass the standard in any periods. NOx suipasses the standard at all sections to some extent. At the section Liugouile-Donggang it will exceed the standard in 2020 by 0.06 rng/Nm3. As to the section DonggangZaoshugou, since the environment background value has exceeded the standard the overstandard appears in every section in every time period with the 19 maximum value of 0.0258mg/Nm3 that is 2.5 times as big as the standard. At the other sections NOx will exceed the standard in 201 0 and 2020. Pb surpasses the standard at all sections Donggang-Zaoshugou in 2020. the maximun-valtie being 0.0019 mng/Nm3 and 1.3 times as big as the standard. rTheresults are classified into two categories. The first shows that the wind directioniconforns with the road alignment with the sensitive points located on one side oir both sides of the road, for instance Fangjiaquan, Yanclialigbu and Zhonghe . The second indicates that the wind direction forms a salielntangle with the proposed road with the sensitive points located on olne side of the road suchias Shajiaping Qingbaishli and Gansu Education lnstitute. Fangjiaquian:Theproposed road goes througli this village with residents dwelling (II both sides of the road. hlieinitial operation period(2002) brings about little impact on the residents on both sides of the road, and the impact scope is confined within 30m fiom the road on both sides. Tlhe scope will reaclhto about 60m in the late operation period (2020) with NOx surpassing tde second grade national environmental quality st.tndard. Qingbaislii: It is located on the nortlh side of the road where north east wind iWre%vails. Thle road lies in the lee side of the sensitive point, thus it does little damage to the poinit. Nevertheless, it will still affect the area to a certain degree when the wind is caimi. Gansu Education Institute: It is situated on the leeward to the south side of the road. In the late operation period(2020), salient impact will be made upon the vicinity of the institute within lOOmfrom the road. Yanchangbu:The road will maiuly bring about impact upon the units situated to the sotutlhof the road such as Lanzhou Veterinary Institute of Chinese Science Academy etc . At present the urban residents live far from the road without much impact. Zlhonghe:About 50 households of villagers live within lOOm,on the west side of the road. The impact mainly affects those who live within 30m away from the lane center but not much on those who live witlhinthe scope of 60- lOOmfrom the road. 4. 1.6 Analysis of Water Environmental Impact In the constniction period the higlhwaywill exert slight impact upon the water LluHllityof the Yellow River and the Liugouhe River. As the Yellow rver has fairly floe and( the Liugouhe River is not the source of drinking water of human beings and livestock, the construction of the highway will not exert significant impact upon the water environment. In the operation period, since the higway is distant from the water bodies, pollutants such as lead will not make significantimpact upon water quality. 4.1.7 Impact upon Social Economy The construction of the highway will optimize the transport network of the higlhway, improve the driving condition of the national road, the comprehensive environimenitalquality of the city and production and investment conditions, but meanwhile bring about the problems of removal of residents and optical and electric cables, intersection with railways, separation of ditch and network in farm fields, and inconvenience to the life of the local people. The negative impact may be solved by 2() appropriate measures. 4.1.8 Other Environmental Impact The construction of the highway will exert some impact upon the instruments of Lanzhou Seismic Observation Station for scientific research.Thieproblem will be solved by a round about way of the obsertary. Ile construction will seriously destroy the vegetation in Xujiashan Farm. The farm has to be compensated to have it restored. 4.2 Environment Impact of X-G section 4.2.1 Analysis on Ecologically Environmental lmpact 4.2.1. I Soil Erosion I )Soil Loss Estimation during Coustruction Phiase a.Soil loss amount caused by subgrade constructioni The strength and volume of soil losse3 during the construction phase have been estimated by using soil loss model. hlie former is 133.79 t/ha.a. with a max. of 428.1 ltAia.a. concentrated mostly at K2386-K2395, K2309-K2313, K2410-K2414, IC2424-K2425. The average loss strength along the ronte is 7 times that of the background one. The total loss is 35,700t/a. b. Analysis on soil loss at borrow and spoil sites Light boirow and spoil sites will be set up which will take 40mu of land. Small lills onibotlh sides will serve as borrow sites and natural ditches will serve as spoil sites. .-V CIha-Gusectioni, borrow sites are decentraliied, mostly at thie foot of hill slope with a short haulinlgdistance. It is required that the excavation sites be reclaimed as soon as the excavation work is completed. At the lower sides of the spoil ditches, dams or protective slopes will be installed to minimize soil loss remarkable C. Analysis on soil loss at sensitve sections Wuslhaoling section (K2386+500-K2393) with a length of 6.5km is a section of exeavation anidthe strike of fault is almost perpendicular to the alignment of the route. Q-l'2i-thick loose gravelly soil and broken sandy sliale are likely to cause slope landside and thus leading to soil erosion. Accordingly, parapet waDls and bank protections shall be built tip, and intercepting..ditehesare necessary as well to hold back the water onithe slope. Shibailipu section (K2411+500-K12413)is another sensitivepart of soil erosion Nvlierether-e is noticeable erosion to the embankment slope of the existing national trunk No.312. Besides, rainstorms may bring about sectional and small-scale landslide thanks [o deel) cutting, losse rocks and severe weathering affecting both traffic and the reservoir. So, not only soil loss resulted from deep cutting and high filling, but also spoil heaping shall be taken into account so as not to silt uiprivers and reservoirs. 2)Analysis on Soil Loss Amount during Operation Plhase Some of protective measures will effectivelly protect the embankments and tllus reduce soil losses. As the operation phase goes oni., vegetation recovery and bushes along thie route will reduce Soil loss greatly.The soil loss in the first year of operation 21 phase will be 80% that during construction phases and in 3-5 years of operation, the less amount will be even lower than that at presenit. Measul-eslike protective slopes, protected aprons, drainage ditclhesand plantation of trees and grasses slhallbe taken as appropliately to protect subgrade. 4 .2.1.2 Impact olnAgriculture (I) Land Use The priciples for constnLctioniof the hiiglhwayare: taking as less arable land as possible, making use of deserted slopes and river bank land, avoiding towns as muclhas possible and less land acqusition and removement. The Table 4.5 sliows the land use of Ilie proposed road. Table 4-5 Land Use of the Propect Unit: nu* land types wet dry honestead artificial deserted flood grass sandy amount land land forest slope land land land comtiles __. Yongdeng 1442.39 16.8 30.73 186.01 1311.95 16.19 I / _ T1Tianzlhu _ 661.85 407.42 115.43 66.25 940.28 50.62 20 Gulang, 436.33 84.53 | 94.94 34.79 . 148.87 377.18 I subtotal 2540.57 5.8.75 | 241.1 287.05 2252.23 215.68 377.18 20 total 6442.56 *lmu =0.6 1 47ac It can lee seen from Table 4.5 that the total land to be taken will be 6,444.56mu including 38.9% of waste land and 47.3% of arable land. (2)Impact-on Irrigation Systems The route will cross some irrigation canals. At Majiawang(K2307+600)it will fly over the E. MainCanal wlhileat Gulang ( K2427-800) it will pass under the Main Canal, notaffecting existing irrigation systems. At otlherplaces, small bridges, culverts, closed pipes will be in stalled for proper operation of irrigation facilities. (3) Impact onivegetation There is few natural vegetation along the route. Most sections go on waste anid floo(i land except Xiu-Clia Section wlhere soiiic farmland is goillg to be used. At Clia- (Gi Section. some grasslanidwill be takeni.287.05mu of artificial forest and 377.18mu of grass land will be acquired. On the other hand plantation to go with the project will compensate for the loss of arable land, forests and grass land. So, there will not be desertification due to plenty of water resources and propel plantatioll. 4.2.2 linpact Assessment on EnvironmenitalNoise at Sensitive Spots 4.2.2.1 Noise Impact Analysis durintgConstr-uction Phase During construction phase, noise mostly comes trom construction mnachineryand transport vehicles.Table 4.6-A shows their noise leveland attenuationrelated to distance Table 4.6-A Acoustic Level from Con-truction Machinery Unit:dB distance(mn) 5 10 20 40 60 80 100 150 machiines loader 90 84 78 72 68-5 fi6 64 61-5 leveller 90 84I 78 72 68 5 66 64 61.5 rToller 86 86 74 68 645 62 60 56 5 bLilldozeer 86 86 74 68 64.5 62 60 5fi 5 excavator 84 84 72 66 62-5 60 58 54 5 spreader 35 85 173 fi7 63 5 161 59 155 5 mixer 87 87 69 655 631 61 59 57.5 The limit noise level for constructionisites in GB 12523-90 is 70-75dB at daytime ;,,1(,55dB at nighittinie Table 4-6B shiows the noise level at sound sensitive points diltiing constriuction phiase. It can be seen fioni the table that the sound levels of all sensitive points do not exceed the 75dB (Gb 12523-95), but at nigit, the sound levels all are more tlhanthe 55dB. So, operating conistructionmachinery at all the sound sensitive points is not permitted at the nighttime. Table 4.6-B Noise level at the sound sensitivepoints dunng construction phase order place & type of dist from noise Le dB(A) beyondstandard (max) L___| post no place road centre daytimelh daytime -nighttime 1. Majiaping residential E.50- 150 <70 <70 NO 15 K2300+000 area 2 YaogTo4n(W) mixed res both sides <72 <72 NO 17 K2334+800 atea 40- 200 3 Ttngouwan village E.50 - 200 <70 <70 NO 15 K2334+800 4 TianzluitTwon sclhool E.30 - 150 <75 <75 NO 20 ____ 1(K348+100 . _ 5 Yezlingou village E.30 - 200 <75 <75 NO 15 K2354+500 _ 6 Heisongyi school W.40 - 200 <72 <72 NO 17 _____ K2409+000 7 Guandimao willage W.50 - 200 <70 <70 NO 15 .__ K2414+200 8 Shibalipti village S.40 - 150 <72 <72 NO 17 K2415+400 _ I__ Gulang Town residential both sides <72 <72 NO 17 . E.K2525+100 area 40 - 200 | Thlelinmit noise level for vonstriction sites in GB12523-95day:70-75dB.niglit 55dB 4.2.2.2 Assessment of Traffic Noise Impact during Operation Pliase I )Noise levels of environment at sensitik'e spots Trhe noise levels at environmentally sensitive spots in 2012 and 2020 predicted by the noise model are seen in Table 4.7. 23 Table 4.7 Envirornnental Level during Op ration Pliase dist.fom noise Leq beyond order place & type of road centre year dB(A) standard post no place (Im) day night day night I Majiaping residential E.50 - 150 2010 <56.0 52.5 0 0 K2300+000 area 2022 <63.5 55.5 0 0.5 2 Yongdeng mixed res botlh sides 2010 <57.0 <53.0 0 0 Town (W) atea 40 200 2022 <62.0 <57.0 0 2 K2318+800 3 Tungouwan Tungouwan E.50 - 200 2010 57.5 52.5 0 0 K2334+800 village 2022 59.5 54.5 0 0 4 TianzhuTwon sclhool E.30 - 150 2010 <62.5 <54.4 2.5 4.4 K2348+100 2022 <65.0 57.5 5.0 7.5 5 Yezhingou village E.30 - 200 2010 <57.0 <51.0 0 0 K2354+500 2022 59.0 56.0 0 1.0 6 H{eisongyi school W.40 - 200 2010 <63.2 <55.0 3.2 5.0 K2409+000 2000 67.6 <58.0 7.6 8.0 7 Guandimao willage W.50 - 200 2010 <59.0 <53.0 0 0 K2414+200 2022 <63.3 <55.0 0 0 8 Shibalipuvillage village S.40 - 150 2010 <59.0 53.1 0 0 K2415+400 2022 <63.0 <53.0 0 0 9 Gulang Town mixed both sides 2010 <58.0 <54.0 0 0 E:K2525+100 resident 40 - 200 2022 <60.0 <56.0 0 0 *Because the Longgoubao primary sclhoolwill be removed, noise assessment is not carried out at this points. 2) EIA on Noise Environment According to Table 4.7, some result can be concluded as follows: a. Road traffic noise does no impact on residential areas at daytime b. Road traffic noise does no obvious impact on residential areas at night except individual villages which will exceed the noise standard in 2022 by less than 2 dB. c. Road traffic noise does impact on to schools close to the road. One is the primary school attached to Tianzhu Normal School and other is Heisongyi high School. Some appropriate mitigation measures shall be taken to minimizeunfavourable impact. 4.2.3 Ambient Air quality Impact Assessment 4.2.3.1 Impact of TSP on Environment during Construction Flying dust or TSP is major pollution source during construction phase. Two concentration processes produce dust pollution: mixture and transport of Lime-ash and earth. Accordino to monitoring data about TSP, the content of TSP at 50 meters from 3 the mixing station onlthe spot is less than l.OOmg/m , while at 50 meters downwind 3 themixing station near the storge yard, the content is 8.9mg/r . At 100 meters- 1.65mg/m3 , beyond 150 meters-no effect. It is suggested therefore that no storage sites and mixing station should be set up 24 witlhin 200m from residential areas, lhospitals and schtool. particularly at section K2347+800-K2348+300. Due to dry weatlher, loessial soil and little rainfall, material transport may produce dust pollution. Transporting. Tranisportinig, loadiing, uniloadinig and storage of construction materials wil contaminiatethie residenitsand fannland, nearby. Thlerefore, mitigation measure slhouldbe conducted with wrin-break, covering. frequent sprinkle etc., wlheneverthe wind blows swiftly. In the project area, because of scare vegetation. thiatalso leads to great dust onithe land surface. This will be aggravated by the destructioni of the vegetation in tlle road constniction Thus, more attentioni slhouldbe paid to the restoration of the vegetation. Vegetation belts on the botlh aides of the road, for example, shiouldbe planted to reduce the dust pollution caused by the constnrctioniof the proposed road. 4.2.3.2 Concentrationi Prediction or Co and NOx during Operation Phase (I) Concentration PTedictionof Pollutants On the.basis of the traffic volume, daily average concentrations of CO and NOx lhave been predicted by Gauses line source model. The background concentration values for superposition are exsting 5-day average concentrations. (2) Daily aver concentration Tihe daily aver concentration of CO at differelntsections utnder typical weatlher conditions in 2010 and 2022 are listed in Table 4.8. Table 4.8 Predicted Concenitrationiof CO and NOx duinng Operation Phase order sports year pollutant daily aver. if exceeds assessment criteria (mg/Nm3 ) standard (vNmi 3 ) 2010 CO _ 160-1.605 no class 11standards for air I Majiaping NOx 0.024-0.038 no quality (daily aver.) 2020 CO 1.60-1.625 no CO:4.00 NOx 0.024-0.063 no NOx:0.10 2010 CO 1.200-1.215 tno 2 Yongdeng - NOx 0.023-0.035 no countytown 2020 CO 1.200-1.215 110 . ______NOx 0.022-0.055 110 2010 CO 1.800-1.816 no 3 Tianzhu NOx 0.034-0.046 no countytown 2020 CO 1.803- .83 no NOx 0.035-0. 068 no 2010 CO 1.202-1.226 no 4 Heisongyi NOx 0.028-0.039 no 2020 CO 1.202- .230 n0o ______NOx 0.026-0.057 no 2010 CO 1.105-1.115 110 5 Gulang NOx 0.028-0.040 no countytown 2020 CO 1.105-1. 138 no NOx 0.032-0058 nio 25 Within 20nn from road -de in 2010, the daily aver. concentration is between 1.105-1.816mg/Nm3, that in 2022 is between I. 14-1.83mg/Nm3 ,with both not exceeding class I standards of Ambient Air Quality (4.00mg/Nm3 ). Table 4.8 also shiow the daily aver. concentrationi of NOx at five crsections in 2010 and 2022 individually,whiclh does not exceed class I standard of ambienlt air quality (0. 1Omg/Nm 3). In short, the air along the proposed higlhwaylhas not been polluted, with CO, Nox and lead in the air not exceedinigthe standard of NAAQ witlhexception of TSP due to the loessisl topography. In the med-tenn anidlong-term operation phase of the hiighway (2010 and 2022) 9the concenitrationisof CO and NOx will not exceed the standards of Ambient Air Quailty ,either. Tlherefore ,the' new road will not affect the air quality along the line. 4.2.4 Water Quality Impact Analysis 4.2.4.1 During Constnrction Phase In the construction period, pollution to water bodies during constructioniperiod comes from: (1)Dredging9material waslhingin bridge constructioni; (2)Oil leakage from building maclhinery; (3)Discliarge of domestic sewage and garbage into water bodies; (4) Improper storage of alplhalt,oiland chemicals. It is difficult to predict the impact on tlle water quality during the construction phase, but the impact on thie water bodies can be reduced by taking some control measures. For example I domestic sewage, garbage and fecal sewage from work camps shall be treated centrally before discharging and materials like asphalt, oil and chemicals shall not be permitted to be stored near drinking water wills or river. 4.2.4.2 Diaring Operatioui Phase For contamination from the road rain water, the results of thie model are ahowi in table 4.9 Table 4.9 Predicted Results of RiunoffImpact on Water Bodies items ShibailiReservoir ZhluanglanigRiver JiqinagRiver (Ic gou River) backgrotni predictionincrenmenit backgrou predictiont inicremenitbackgrou predictionincremenit d value value nd value value nd value value CODMn(rng/L) 5.43 6.11 0.68 1.73 2.13 0.40 2.37 2.85 0.48 oil(nig/L) 0.02 0.09 0.07 0.02 0.06 0.04 0.02 0.07 0.05 Pb (ng/) 0.004 0.006 0.002 0.004 0.005 0.001 0.004 0.0054 0.0014 We can'see from Table 4.9 that early rain water of tlle road surface does some impact water quality of surface water (Slhibali Reservoir, Zhuanglang River and Jinqinag River). During the rain, the superposition of oil and background one tunis the water quality into clsss N grade from the originialclass 1. otlher kinds of pollutants do not contaminate the water much. Table 4.9 also slhowssmall increment of pollutants by 26 max. daily runoff. Therefore we can conclude tllat the impact of runoff on surface water is fairly small. 4.2.4.3 Impact Analysis of Sewage from Service Centres According to the feasibility study report of the project ,two service centres namely at Yongdeng and Tianzhlu will be built UP The facilities are:parking places,petrol stations, garages, food and recreation centres and clinics.Waste water will be produecd from these service centres. There are no municil)aldraiinage systems in these area which are very closs to the zhuanglang River and the Jiinqing River respectively. Disposal stations, therefore, will be set up at the service centres. Waste water can discharge only when it meets class I grade in GB 3978-88" Sewage Discharge Standards" or used for irrigation. Tlle waste materials of the service centre, suclhas batteries, tyres, will be collected and he carried to Lanzllou waste station to dispose. 4.2.5 Impaact analysis on Society and Economy 4.2.5.1 Impact on Life Quality of Residents (1 )Resettlement Tle construction of the road is uniavoidableto take residential homesteads and demolish a few houses. Tlouseliolds to vbe removed will be compensated for their loss satistactorily to build better houses. The project will not do any unfavourable effect on life quality of residents to be removed. For demolitioniamounit, see Table4.9 Table 4.9 Housin, Demolition Unit:m2 county brick lhouse brick and stud adobe thatclied school lhouse liouse Yongdeng 144 784 840 0 0 Tianzhu 1132 651 1449 81 733 Gulang 72 351 452 0 (2) Traffic Disruption People along the proposed road reside mostly in th valley and new road goes along with the existing road be used as a subsidiary one. Beitig a totally enclosed highway, it will bring some incovenienice to local residents in their contact. Thlerefore, enough assage ways will be built up. (3)Effect on Public Utilities The proposed hihgway will cross:the East Main Irrigation Canal ( in Yongdeng). The Main Canal (in Gulang), the existing Gan-Xin Highway and Lan -Xin Railway20 times, Xi'an-. anzhou- Wulumuqi indergound opticalcable 8times. So sa not to interfere with their operation, the following measures will be taken: the planned road will fly over the E. Main Canal. pass under the Main Canal. C ulverts will be built whlere the roaad crosses optocal cable. Relevant units or enterprises shall be consulted for their opinions in design and construction. (4) Impact Anlysis on People'S Life Tle new highway, when in operation, will ivprove traffic conditions, thus, speeding up commodity circulation and helping comvert livestock products int goods. 27 It is goosd for development of tertiary industry and exploitation of minerals. sTibetans and sove other minority nationalities inhabit these areas, so the new highway will improve their life surrotiidings greatly. The living stardards of the residents to be remvoved will be bettered due to financial compensation, favoured pllicy and development of new industries etc. Tlle planned highway will lhave sove unfavourable effect onisound environment along the route by lheavytraffic. Accordingly, some mitigation measures in cluding noise barrier will be taken to keep good life surroundings. 4.2.5.21mpact on Ethnic Groups There ate many minouiitynationialities along the proposed highway. Tianzhu and Gulang counties, for example, are among the major relgions in these areas in whichlthe ethlnicalgroups believe. In construction of the hiighway,the religious policy and beliefif shall be respected. In land acquisition and resettlemelt, their opinions sliaa be fiilly considered, and practical protective measures will be taken so as to mitigate adverse effects on schools and cemeteries etc. 4.2.5.3 Impact on City Planninig Inroute selection, the alighment scheme was discussed asbout with local authorities and city planning departments in Yongdeng, Tianzhtu and Gulang. Instep with their city planning, both Yongedeng aindtianzihu suggested that the route detour their county -towns. Indesign, their suggestio; us have been accepted. 28 5 Mitigatory Measures and Suggestions 5.1 Mitigatory Measuresand Suggestionof L-Z Section 5. 1.1 Mitigatory Measures during constructioniPliase 5.1.1.1 Mitigatory Measure of soil erosion in constnictioni (1) In the initial design period, the quantity of earthl work should be further balanced and the cut should be made better use. Based on the designers carefui study, the line and the road state have been appropriately chosen and the borrow will be made use as much as possible so as to reduce discarded earth (2) Construction process should be rationally arranged, so that the work is done section by section to shorten the construction line. Whienthe initial construction is over, following protections should be made at once suclh as slope protection, angle protection, angle brace, retaining wall, roadbed side slope, vegetation planting, drainage channels, etc. Then the next section can be started. In this way tle' time of water soil loss can be minimized. For the earth work with too much excavation and fill such as the section of Dashagou and the hilly valley section along Heli, the rainy season should be avoided. Before raining season comes, the excavation, the fill, the side slope of the abandoned spoil and the drainage works slhouldbe arranged well and the blocked ditches and chainels slhouldbe cleared out in time to ensure the flood discharge and reduce flood and water soil loss. In order to reduce rain scour and erosion, construction gradient should be minimized; excavation, transport, pavement and flattening should be made olie after anotlher. (3) Wherever the roadbed digging may lead to surface runoff, temporary soil precipitating tank slhould be installed to deposit the silt. Soil precipitating tank is generally 0.5 m deep. The dimensions are determined by sluice area. Its location can be made according to the landform and construction mode. Low-lying gully soil dam can be used as precipitating tank, such as in the section of Qingbaislil. (4) The inlet and.outlet ofthe tunnel, piling ground of longitudinaltransport and the place for abandoned spoil must be designed. Tfle abandoned spoil must be disposed by flattening and afforestation with measures for drainage, leakage and flood control, etc. (5) Abandonment of soil and dregs must be prohibited along the river side sections so that the river course will not be blocked and flood drainage will not be affected in case of mud-rock flow. (6) When the height of cutting slope is over 5 m, ladder-pattern should be adopted on south slope. There should be a terrace every 5 meters with drainage ditches. The height of north slope can be raised to 8-1Om so that scour caused by slope runoff can be avoided. (7) For the scour place of slope top gully of the embankment, the weak place of 2( the side slope of back field embankment and the emilbanikmenitalong the river, grouted flags must be applied for protection. For the other. side slopes of highlfill embankment, turf must be planted. (8) The sidewalk tree planting and the afforestation of thie roadbed side slope should be carried out in the wake of the road constnrction. Some piling places of abandoned soil must be afforested as well. The soil piling grounds must be covered with mellow soil on whiclhtrees slhouldbe planted. 5.1.1.2 Mitigatory Measures of Noise Impact in Constructioni (l) Make reasonable arrangemenitsabout the working time. No construction work shotuldbe pennitted at nigl]t(22:00-6:00) at the sensitive points. No material plants will be permitted to locate near Qingbaislii Middle School (N-scheme ) and Gansu Education Inistitute (S-scheme ). The working time of the high-noise equipment should be detennined after consultation with the schloolsin order to minimizethe impact upon the teachinig. (2) The high-noise equipment whiclhis installed for relativelylonger time has to be separated by necessary devices whichican help prevent and reduce the noise impact. 5.1.1.3 Mitigation Measures of Air Pollutant in Construction (1) The transportation route shotuldbe choseni scientifically and rationally so as to reduce the blown dust and the distance, and mitigate thie interference with the present traffic. (2)Water slhouldbe sprinlked 4 times a day to reduce the blown dust and flyash, twice in the morning and afternoon respectively. (3) Lime,cement, soil and coal ash should be covered closely in transportation. (4) The materials slhouldbe stored I OOmaway from the residence areas and fields. (5)The materials should be stored on the lee side of residential areas. (6) Measures of breakwind, covering, sprinkle, etc. should be adopted wherever there is wind witlhhigh speed. (7) The mixing ground slhould be away from the boundary of the Grade I standard district of air environment quality for nioless than I 0OOni,no less than 300m from common villages, and should be set up)on the leeward of the protective targets. (8) Central mixing of lime, soil and coal aslhshould be made. (9) Central mixing of asphalt and concrete slhouldbe made. (10) Transport asphalt and concrete in special vehicles. ( 11)Materials mixed with asphalt should be kept away from the boundary of Grade I standard district for no less thani I OOOmand no less thaan300m from common villages, and on the lee side of the protective targets. 5.1.1.4 Other Mitigation Measure (1) Occupy waste and arid land for temporary use as muchias possible to reduce the use of farm land. (2).If farm land is taken up, compensaiioii should be made according to the occupation time. (3). Upon cornpletion of the construction, tlae land temporarily occupied should be cleared out in time and restored to its originalstate. 30 (4) Some leftoverbits of materialscan be made in bridgeconstruction, such as thrown away reinforcingsteel and concreteamong wliiclhthe steel can be reclaimedwhile the concretecan be used as fill,and the uselessparts can be disposedas gaibage. (5) Some of the discarded spoil made in coiistrictioniof twnnelsand deep through cuts can be used as fill,and others as waste. (6) Waste from the temporary living areas shotuldbe disposed accordingly. (7) In bridge construction, waste slhouldnot be allowed to contaminate the surface water. (8) If relics are found in constructioni,the work slhouldbe suspended to preserve them and the report of the discovery slhouldbe submitted to the local archaeological department. (9) Tlle work can be resumed only with the consent of the archaeological department. (10) Thie methods of afforestation and land refonn witlhtree planting pits and hard water platform of isolation slope should be adopted. (11) Drouglht and poor soil endurinlgtrees shouldlbe clhosenlto plant. (12) The places with water supply, such as overpasses, management houses, and service zones, should be beautified. (13) Shrubs, grass and flowers used to natural conditions slhouldbe planted on the embankment and vacant space of side slope. 5.1.2 Mitigatory Meaures in Operation Period of L-Z Section 5.1.2.1 Mitigation Measure against Pb pollution in Operation The polution of Pb, whenigoing into the ecological system of air, soil and the plant, will affect such processes as the circulation of matter, the flow of energy and the dispatch of information. The projects for preventing Pb pollution are suggested in the following: (1)Trees should be planted on both sides of the highway to reduce the polluted area. The diffusion of lead containiing air can be blocked by obstacles, so that the pollution of Pb can be controlled within a certain scope. These obstacles can play a part in minimizingthe scope and extent of Pb pollution. (2) Measures should be taken to deposit PI) as much as possible in the component of soil and to prevent its transfer or transformationi.As the soil of tile region concerned is alkaline in nature, the activity of Pb is lessened; it will cause slight harm to the crops. In the near future it cannot bring disasters to lhumanlife. When the traffic flow gets higher aiid the time of accumulation lengthtenis, tile monitoring work should be handled and enhanced so as to prevent Pb from thie pollution of agricultural eco- system ;the environment quality assessment should be done in a proper and correct way. Under necessary conditions, such measures should be taken to improve the quality of the soil and to prevent Pb pollution, including the popularized use of calciferous, magnesian and phosphorous fertilizers, humic acid fertilizers, etc. Thneywill on the one hand reduce the pollution of Pb and on the other increase the yield of agricultural produce. (3)To prevent the entrance of Pb into the human body, it is suggested that leafy vegetables such as rape, spinach , cabbages, should not be grown on either side of the highway since their leaves are larger and have tiny hairs. Pb deposited on the leaves 31 can enter the plant through stomata and so it will do hanr to those wlho eat tbem. Tlle sources of pollution should be reduced as mucli as possible. On the basis of a clear anld distinct view of meclhanismsof Pb pollution, concrete actions should be adopted in a comprehensive way to get rid of its calamities, including blocking the ways of pollution, removing the dangers of pollution, refuisingto cultivate tlle polluted land and minimizingthe sources of pollution. 5.1.1.2 Mitigation Measures against Noise impact in Operation After the proposed road is put into service, the traffic management units together with the concening departments slhotuldtake steps to reinforce the traffic management and the control of the single vehicle noise. Meanwhiile, the following preventive measures are offered for consideration: (1)The green belt slhouldbe built up along the proposed road - the high-grade provincial expressway - for the purpose of beauitifyingthe environmnent, reducilng the traffic noise and preventing pollution. (2)The signs wlhichlprohibit the use of horns at the sensitive points, i.e. schools are to be put up in order to minimize the ablruptnoise events. (3))OtherVarious measures also should be takeento prevent the traffic noise at the sensitive points. The Offices and classrooms Qilbaislhi sclhoolhave to be installed witlhthe double- layer glass and the east enclosure wall of thle schlool slhould be raised to 3 meters.2000OYuan RMB will be put into for the purpose, by so doing the environmental noise inside the school can be reduced below 55 dB(A). In order to make the traffic noise inside Gansui Education Institute below 55 dB(A), the enclosure wall near the proposed road hias to be raised to 3 meters too, and the windows of the teachinig buildinigclose to the road must be equipped with the double-layer glass, and 100000 Yuan RMB will be needed for the purpose. Trees have to be densely planted between other sensitive points and the proposed road. (4)when the road is put into operation, the concerning imanagemenitdepartments have to monitor and investigate the traffic noise at the key noise sensitive points so that more practical measures can be put forth to deal witlhthe traffic nioise. 5.1.2.3 Mitigation Measures against VelhicleExhiaust Gas (I) The technical standards of velicles should be raised so as to reduce the pollutant discharge of one single vehiicleand at the same time the technical standards of the original road should be raised. The idling disclhargebecause of trafficjam slhouldbe prevented. (2) Afforestation design should be maldein consider-ationi of the reqtuiremeintsof the protection, draught, and diffusion of thie targets. (3) No residential area, sclhool, hospital, etc. in any sensitive sites sliould be built within thie range of 200m from botlh sides of the higlhway. 5.1.2.4 Other Mitigation Measures in Operation (1). Upon operation, soil erosion will reduce tremendously while the protective measures of the lhiglhwayare implemented. Yet hiydrolicworks slhould be monitored, repaired and maintained in time. 32 (2) Trees should be planted along both sides of the road. (3) It is suggested that wastewater treatment facilities should be equipped and living garbage should be removed regularly. (4) Petrol discharge and fire disaster should be prohibited and prevented in service zone. 5.2 Mitigatory Measures and Suggestion of X-G section 5.2.1 Mitigatory Measures during Construction Phase 5.2.1.1 Protection of Eclogical Environment On the basis of the ecological Enalysis, the following rmitigationmeasures and suggestions have been put forward: (1) Full use of land features ans topography shall be made to minimize heavy excavation so sa not to damage surface vegetation. (2) Mountanin-cutting shall be avoided by every mens. Interception ditches will be dug where there cutting is done on a large 7scale as at Shibali Reservoiu section. In addition, the cut slopes shall be protected to prevent soil erosion and collapse. (3) All necessatry steps sh]l be taken to perevent earth and stones from silting rivers, particularly at Yongdeng and Tianzhu transit sections. (4) Spoil saUl be stored in the lowlands or gullies, and dams or protective slopes shall be provided down the storage sites. Farmland can be reclaimed where possible. Besides, earth and stone work shall be made full use of to reduce spoil. K2310-K2311, K2351- K2352, K2390-2395are sections where there is more spoil, which shall be paid attention to. (5) The construction can not be carried out unless effective preventative measures are taken so as not to ptrevent the canals from working properly since the planned road will cross E. Ying deng Truck Canal (at K3227+600)AND Gulang Main Canal 9at K2427+800). (6) At Shibali Reservoir Section, it is necessary to build rdtaining walls in case earth and stone slhould silt up the reservoir. River stone embankments will be also important to protect subgrade slopes. (7) Plantation slhallbe done simultaneoulysa the project goes on where plssible. Trees and grasses shall be clhosenthat grow well in those areas such as poplars, willows and duought -enduring grasses. (8) At transit sections of countytowns os Yongdeng, Tianzhu and Gulang, the interchanges and their surrounding areas shall be decorated by planting trees and grasses like a garden. (9) During construction, it is required to as less farmland as plssible and avoid damaging it. Arable land sliall be restored and reclaimed after construction work is completed. All mitigation measures aiming at prevention will be included in the project documents including bid documents so that they will be properly implemented during 33 actual onstruction work. 5.2.1.2 ControlMeasures against Noise (1) Noisy construction work should be avoided between22:00-6:00 at all sound sensitive spots; (2) Construction work near sound sensitive schools (the primary school attached to Tianzhu Minority Normal School and Heisongyi High school ) shall not interfere with teaching. No materials plants will be permitted to locate near the two schools. The working time of high -noise equipment should be determined after consultation with the schools in order to minimizde the impact upon the teaching. 5.2.1.3 Measures against Dust aand Asphalt Fumes (1) Dry weather, mixing of road building materials and earthwork transport will result in dust affecting residents. It is suggested therefore that no storage sites and mixing stations should be set up within200m from residential areas, hospitals and school, particularly at section K2347+800-K2348+300. (2) Great amount of saphalt -concrete for pavement wil be prepaired by enclosed mixing equipment at temporary mixing station, doing no effect on environment with proper location. According to relevant regulations, asphalt-enclosed equipment shall be alloxed to be used. (3)Transporting, loading, uniloadingandstorage of the materials will contaminate the residents and farmland near by. Therefore, mitigation measures of preventing dust should be conducted with windbreak, covering, frequent sprinkle, etc, whenever the wind blows swifty. In addition, at the air sensitive, vegetation belts on both sides of the road, for example, should be planted to reduce the dust poDlutincaused by the construction of the proposed road. 5.2.1.4 Control Measures against Water Pollution (1) Domestic sewage, garbage shall be treated centrally before disclharging. (2)1n bridge contruction, machines and ships shall be examined regularly in case oiDeakageoccurl (3)No construction waste andwaste oil allowed to be thrown into public water bodies. 5.2.2 Mitigatory Measures during Operation Pliase of X-G Section 5.2.2.1 Traffic Noise (1) Engineering measures; Two noise -barrier walls are suggested being built at the Minority Primary School of Tianzhu and HeisonlgyiHighschool where the noise lever exceeds the standard. The scale of insulating walls is shown in Table6-1. There are300students andl Istaff members in Longgoubao Primary School (K2402+600)which is very close to the wxisting highway312, thus teaching is seriouslyaffected by traffic noise. With ahreement of the school and local authority, the school will be removed to a new place, The cost for the new school with better conditions is about 600,0 yuan. (2) Management Measures:Horning prohibition signs shall be posted at school sections. 34 Table 5.1 Control Measures against Traffic Noise sensitive dist from exceedingstandard by measures amount cost implemen spots central line (dB) (height x (10,000 tation (m) year day night length) yuah) time Prim. sch. 2010 2.5 4.4 Constnljc attatched to 30 sound 300 x 3.5m2 31 onofnoise Tm!huMNity 2022 5.0 7.5 barriers barriers nunSch _ill be Heisongyi 40 2010 3.2 5.0 sound 200 x 3.5m2 17 competed H. Sch. 2022 8.6 8.0 barriers befo the Longgoubao 030- removed 1500m2 60 roadwill Prim. Sch. __ . be put into total 108 operation 5.2.2.2 Preventing of Vehicular exhaust gases Scrubs and arbors are suggested to be planted along the route at sections where they grow well to absorb and clean exhaust gases sa well sa tbeautify the environment at same time. Tail gases monitoring spots shall be set up at toll -stations and large - pollution -causing vehicles are not allowed to run on the road. 5.2.3 Protection of ShibalibuReservoir Althongh the project will not affect water quality in the reservoir much, securityi management shall be strengthened to keep vehicles carrying hazardous materials from turning over int LonggouRiver or the reservoir contaminatilg the water. 5.2.4 Slope protection of Subgrade Slope and Cutting Slope Slope pretection works shall be paid attention to r]prevent potential soil erosion from happening as did on embankments of the locas existing class2highways.Plantation of trees and grasses on road shoulder and slopes and other effective measures will be good for that. 5.2.5 Environmental Protection Measures for Service Centres Two sewage disposal stations will be installed at two service centres individually to treat waste water berfore discharging. Isnaddition, dovestic garbage and other pollutants sahll be removed regularly, and management shall be strengthenod to guard against fires and oil leakage 6 Alternative Analysis 6.1 AlternativeAnalysis of L-Z section On the liugouhe-zhonghe highway, the section from Donggang to Zaoshugou have northern scheme and southem scheme can be selected. Both of the two schemes 35 can provide a quick and convenient way for vehicles through the city of Lanzhou, but have different advantages and disadvantage from environmental perspectives. The different impact of two schemes are shown in table 6.1. Table 6.1 Impactof the two schemes Items comparisonof 2 causes schemes S-schempass throughLanzhou's sophtisticallregion of scientificand technologicalexploration. The land occupiedwill be higherin price and betterin quality, social environment the region may be cut in two parts, More N-scheme As shown in the above table, N-scheme have less environmental impact than S- scheme, if we adopt proper policies and tactics, we can lessen influence to the minimum. Although, N-scheme have more soil erosion, taking the environment as a whole, N-scheme is preferable and can be recommended. 6.2 AlternativeAnalysis of X-G section According to "the Feasibility S tudy Report of the Proposed Road, the re are six alternative schemes, namely 1) Yongdeng County- town Transit Scheme; 2)Fuqingbao Railway -Crossing Schenme; 3) Tianzhu County- town Transit Scheme; 4)Shimenhe Transit Scheme; 5) Jinqiangyi River passing over Scheme and6)Wushaoling Mountain- climbing; Scheme. We will compare and analyze Yongdeng and Tianzhu schemes from the viewpoint of E. P. 6.2.1 Engineering Factor Comparison Comparison of work amount and traffic environment of Scheme I ( passing through the town )and Scheme2(detouring the town )of both is shown in Tables6-2 and6-3 36 Bassed on comparison, Scheme2was put forward as recommended one. The Fig 6 land Fig. 6-2 show the sketch maps of Transit schemes at Yongdeng county -town and Tinanzhu Counitry-town. 6.2.2 El Comparison Tn terms of EP, Schemelwill have more interference with urban life ane vore demolition with high cost for land acquisition. In addition, vehicular gases ansd noise will affect more people. While Scheme2, detouring the town, will have less adverse effct. Schemeldoes not keep in step with the urban planning of both counties, but Scheme2does. Seen from all sides, Scheme2was recommended. 6.2.3 Opinionsfrom Local Governments and the Masses The local governments and experts of Yongdeng and Tianzhu were in favour of Scheme2according to consultation for its advantageds in EP. In short, scheme2was chosen and recommended for being reasonable in engineering and EP. Table6-2 Comparison of Transot Scheme at Yongdeng item unit scheme I schemeII _I Land features riversideterrace riversideterrace 2 length km 5.96 6.325 3 subgradeearthwork km3 437.974 439.803 4 protectionand km3 11.936 19.518 drainage works 5 pavement km2 53.640 51.822 6 large bridge mrtplace rebuilt 154/1 453.51/2 7 1 culvert place 52 48 8 interchange place 2 2 9 grade separation place - 10 passage place 6 11 optical cable m 985 500 12 land take mu 427.9 260.92 13 estimatedcost 10,000yuan 7646.1501 9802.8411 smootlhnetwork connection, good for network],good for advantages good for centralizing& protectionof some . distributingtraffic volume farmland,away from central part of city, less noise comparisonof EI will take someparts of more cost Binhe Roadof Yongdeng, not in step with city disadvant planningof Yongdeng, -ages moreeffect resulting from tailgasesand noise, high land-acquisitioncost opinionsof local government in favour of result compared recommended 37 Figule 6-i Sketdh mnal)of' Traisit Sclhcines at Yoliig,elig Coiuilty-towii-- ~\ -~~~ A 31 . k~~~~~~ )~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~2 2 Li~ ~ 7 zj'?4~f7i""~ 00~~~~~~~~~~~I... $~~/k~ '\ i '( "1 1 I 44 U i( 2JJ\ - .- -mJ u .fl -).-- 7 Outline of EAP and Environmental Cost 7.1 Outlineof EnvironmentalAction Plan 7.1.1 EAP of L-Z section The EAP falls into three phases: design, construction & operation. See Table 7.1, 7.2, 7.3 respectively for detail. Table 7.1 EAP in Design Stage of L-Z Section Description Environmental Principles selectionof Protectand make rational use of water and land resources.Connect as much as route possiblewith other roads to formntraffic network. soil erosion In order to prevent the main and surface parts of the subgrade from erosionby surface water, various measures can be appliedto the side slope of the roadbed. The design of waterway system of the line shouldbe made in considerationof water conservationso as to drain off surface water smoothly.The overpassafforestation is plannedfor the whole line with border trees in single row on both sides of the road. Afforestation should be made on road shoulder,fill and side slope. social segment Design a number of overpasses,culverts, bridgesand tunnels. earth work In order to minimizeexcavation, occupy less farTnland and reducelandform destruction to a very small degree, central soil fetch should be made as much as possible, and the fill and cut should be kept in balance. water pollution Wastewater treatment facilities shouldbe designedand equippedin the living areas of the workers. noise Higher walls, windows of double-layerglass, etc. should be furnished at the noise sensitive points. floods Trees and grass should be planted in the drainage areas. Protectthe vegetation to stabilize the slopes. Accordingto the actual floodconditions, appropriate bridges of large, middle and small sizes should be designedaccordingly and the ditchesshould be kept unblocked.The sectionsthat are eroded by mud flow, side slope of roadbed and part of the bank should be strengthened afforestation It is made to shield dazzle and wind, and clean the air. It can make the environment more beautifuland at the same time conservewater and soil as well landscape Artistical effects should be paid attentionto in afforestationand bridge design. 40 Table 7.2 EAp in Construction Period of L-Z Section Environment Environmental Measures Executive Supervisory Problems Unit Unit discarded 1. The borrow ground should be disposed to some extent; the GPCD Environmen spoil pile, form of discardedspoil ground shouldbe regular; the above 2 t Protection excavation& groundsshould be coveredwith earth as thick as 0.5m- 1.Om. Sectionof borrow 2.Theprocess of the constructionshould be arranged rationally. Gansu 3. The slopesshould be fixed. Provincial 4. The drainage ditches shouldbe kept unblocked. highway temporary 1. Occupy waste and arid land for temporary use as much as Bureau, use possibleto reduce the use of faml land. local of land 2.1f farm land is taken up, compensationshould be made environmen accordingto the occupationtime. t protection 3. Upon completionof the construction,the land temporarily dept. & occupiedshould be clearedout in time and restoredto its original agriculture state. dept. bridges & 1. Someleftover bits of materialscan be madein bridgeconstruction, culverts, such as thuwn away reinforcingsteel ard concreteamong which the steelcan be reclaimedwhile the concretecan be usedas fill,and the uselessparts can be disposedas garbage. 2.Someof the discardedspoil made in constructionof tunnelsand deepthrough cuts can be used as fill,and othersas waste. waste from 1. Waste from the temporary living areas should be disposed workers accordingly. 2.1n bridge construction, waste should not be allowed to contaminatethe surface water. blown dust 1. The transportationroute should be chosen scientificallyand from rationally so as to reduce the blown dust and the distance, and construction mitigate the interferencewith the present traffic. materialsin 2.Water should be sprinkled 4 times a day to reduce thieblown transportationdust and flyash, tvice in the morning and afternoon respectively. 3. Lime,cement,soil and coal ash shouldbe covered closelyin transportation. storage of 1. The materials should be stored 1iOOm away from the construction residence areas and fields. materials 2.The materialsshould be stored on the lee side of residential areas. 3. Measures of breakwind, covering,sprinkle, etc. should be adoptedwherever there is windwitlh high speed. 41 Environnient Environmiental Measures Executive Supervisory Problems Unit Unit noise 1. Working time should be reasonably arranged to reduce the impact on the sensitive pohits, such as, Qingbaishi Middle School, Gansu Education Instituite, where the work mainly proceeds in vacations. 2.Apparatus installed for a long time witli loud noise should be kept frolm each sensitive point for a protective distance and simple noise barriers shiould be set up if necessary. 3. Work is forbidden from 22:00 to 6:00 next morning. 4. Apparatus should be often exanined and repaired to reduce noise. blown dust 1. The mixing ground should be away from the boulidary o from mixing the Grade I standard district of air environnienit quality for no ground less than 1iOOOm,no less thani 300iii fronmcominon villages, and should be set up on the leeward oftthe protective targets. 2.Central mixing of lime, soil and coal ash should be made. asphalt 1. Central mixing of asphalt and concrete should be mlade. smoke 2.Transport asphalt and concrete in special vehicles. 3. Materials mixed withi asphalt should be kept away from the boundary of Grade I standard district for no less than IOOmin and no less than 300m from commiionvillages, and on the lee side of the protective targets. cultural relics 1. If relics are found in construction, the work should be under ground suspended to preserve them and the report of the discovery should be submitted to the local archaeological departilent. 2.The work can be resumed only with the consent of the archaeological department. afforestation 1. The methods of afforestation and land reform with tree planting pits and hard water platfoni of isolation slope should be adopted. 2.Drought and poor soil endurinig trees should be chosen to plant. 3. The places with water supply, sucih as overpasses, m anagement houses, and service zones, should be beautified. 4. Shrubs, grass and flowers used to natiral cenditions should be planted on the embankment and vacant space of side slope. 42 Table 7.3 Outline of Environmental Measures in Operation Period Environment Environmental Measures Executive Supervisory Problems Unit Unit noise of 1. As a high-grade expressway in Gansu, conditionsshould GPCD Environment communi- be created to make green belts so that landscape can be Protection cations improvedand noise reduced. Bureau of 2.Traffic signs that prohibit the use of horn shouldbe set tip lanzhou City near the sensitive points of noise, i.e. schools,etc. to prevent abrupt noise event from happening. 3. The traffic noise monitoring, survey and verification should be made in the principalprotective targets of noise by concerning departments. The measures should be further improvedaccording to the practical situation. vehicle 1. The technical standards of vehiclesshould be raised so as exhaust gas to reduce the pollutantdischarge of one single vehicle and at the same time the technical standards of the original road should be raised. The idling discharge because of trafficjam should be prevented. 2.Afforestationdesign should be made in considerationof the requirementsof the protection,draught, and diffusion of the targets. 3. No residential area, school, hospital, etc. in any sensitive sites should be built within the range of 200m from both sides of the highway. soil erosion 1. Upon operation,soil erosionwill reduce tremendouslywhile the protective measures of the highway are implemented.Yet hydrolic works should be monitored, repaired and maintained in time. agricultural 1. Trees should be planted along both sides of the road to ditto ditto impact mitigate the Pb impact pollution. 2.Pb which has come into the ecologicalsystem of "air-soil- plant" should be depositedas much as possiblein the soil stage of the system so that it won't transfer. 3. It is suggested that vegetables such as rape, spinage, Chinese cabbage, etc. with their leaves edible should be planted as little as possible within the scope of Sm from the road so as to prevent Pb from enteringhuman body. waste in 1. It is suggestedthat wastewatertreatment facilities should be servicezone equippedand living garbage should be removedregularly. 2.Petrol discharge and fire disaster should be prohibited and preventedin service zone. 43 7.1.2 EAP of X-G section The EAP falls into three phases: design, construction & operation. See Table 7.4, 7.5, 7.6 respectively for detail. Table 7.4 EAP for Design Phases of X-G stction order item EP requirements responsibleentity managementunit implementation .______time 1 alignment I. avoid large Gansu selection sensitive spots at Parovincial Gansu Yongdeng & TianzhuTraffic Provincial transit section to Planning& communications Jan. - Dec.1996 reduce demolition; Survey Division 2.take arable land as Institute (GPCD) less as possible (GPTPSI) 2 bridge & L.not interfere with culvert Yongdeng E Canal & design Gulang Main Canal; GPTPSI GPCD Dec.1996 - Feb. 2. not interfere with 1997 Xian - Wulumqi optical cable 3 subgrade Minimize earthwork works by carrying out balance analysis to GPTPSI GPCD ditto reduce soil erosion 4 plantation & general management environment and subgrade stability GPTPSI GPCD ditto 5 borrw & 1. use deserted land or spoil area bench land as borrow design pits; GPTPSI GPCD ditto 2. prevent soil erosion at. borrow & spoil sites 6 land 1. reduce land take acquisition & and demolition by resettlement every means GPTPSI GPCD ditto 2. compensation & resettlement 44 Table 7.5 EAP for Construction Phase of X-G section item EPmeasures responsible managemenauditing&. implement entity t unit supervision -ation time 1. No storagesites and mixingstations should be set up within200mfrom residentialareas, and schools. 2. Asphalt-concretemixing stationsshall be300ma way from the residentialquarters on air pollution side. 3. Mitigationmeasure of preventingdust willbe conductedwith windbreak,covering, rfrequentsprinkle, etc in order to minimixeTSP pollutionscaused by transportation, EP Bereauof loadingor unloadingof the constructionmaterials. Yongdeng, 4. Vegetationbelts will be plantedin both widesof the road at the air sensitive points. waterevironment 5. disposalof domestic&. fecal sewageand garbagebefore discharging. employer GPCD Tianzhuand 1998- &. environmental6. garbagewill be collectedat worker'scamps Gulong 2002 hygiene 7. no constructionwork is allowedat night at all soundsensitive points, sepeciallyno construCtion interferencewith teachingpermitted at schoolsections noise 8. earing protectionfor constructionworker operating the high-noiseequipment will be providedand working hours shalll be arranged reasonably. 9. preventionagainst soil erosionat cuttingexcavation sections 10. At ShibaliResrvoir Section, retaining walls willbe installedin case earth and stone will silt up the reservoir. soil erosion 11. preventionagainst soil erosion at horrow&.spoil sites 12. At bad geologicalsection(K2387+ 700- K2391), interception ditches will be built up to EPB of surfacefrom slopes,and net blind ditcheswill be providedto get rid of ground water to Yongdeng, preventthe embankment. Tianzhu construction 13. safety&. securitymeasures employer GPCD and Gulang 1998- safety 14. traffic management(speedlimit, traffic regulationsetc.) 2002 farmland 15. reclamation of arable land on compltion of project where plssible Table 7.6 EAP for Operation Phase of X-G section EP measures amount resposible nots implementati entity on time for traffic noise 1. Noise insulating walls at prim. 300 x 3.5m2 GPCD sch. of Tianzhu Normal School 2. Noise insulating walls at 200 x 3.5m2 GPCD timely heisongyi Hschool implementati 3. No horning signs at school on according July, sections to monitored 2001-2017 . for service centres value & I Waste wter treatment station at GPCD control service centre measuress 2. Waste materials such as batteries, tyres will be collected 7.2 OrganizationalScheme of Environmentalmangaement superivision The orgenization structure and fimctions In construction period: can be seen Fig 7.1 | GPCD/WorldBank Project Office | I(1), (2) |(A Vice directorResos fo Environment)| EnvironmentProtection Office (3), (4), (5) (4 staff) EnvironmentalProtection EnvironmentalProtection Group for L-Z section Groupfor X-G section (2 staff) (2 staff) * No.1 No.2No.3] N~o.4N.Ao6N. o8 N. o1 *: One environmentalsupervision engineer at each contractsection 46 Fig.7. 1 Organization Struction and Function in Construction Period In operationperiod, can be seenFi 7.2 GPCD/WorldBank ProjectOffice ( (A Vice DirectorRes onse for Environment) EnvironmentalProjection Office 3), (4), (5), (6), (7), (8) (4 staff) Fig 7.2 Organization Struction and Function In Operation Period Note: (1), (2), (3), (4), (5), (6), (7), (8) are the number of following functions: (1) Overall responsibilities of environmentalmanagement and super vision (2) Coordination among concerned bodies including local environmental authorities. (3) Development of plans of management and monitoring (4) Preparation of quartly environmental reports includingmonitoring data. (5) Planing and implementing environmentaltraining (6) Inspection/supervision of environmentalor construction sites. (7) Implementation of environmental monitoring (8) Handing daily environmental issues. 7.3 EnvironmentalMonitoring 7.3.1 Enviromental Monitoring of IZ section Table 7.7 EnviromnentalMonitoring Process in ConstructionPeriod of L-Z Section Environs- MonitoringPoints Monitoring MonitoringTime & Executive mental Content Frequency Unit Elements asphaltmixing station, earthmixing 4 timesa year; eachsupervisio air round, excavation, borrowing, T. S. P. timelasting 3 days n engineer cutting;2-3 monitoringpoints in each at section constructi .______on site work site nearresidential areas or environmental I dayevery two noise vicinityof schools;3-4 pointsin each noise Leq, day weeks;2 timesa day section andnight (onein moning, onein aftemoon) fromupstream and downstreamof the pH, SS, DO,4 timesa year, each water rivers to the road where it crossesCOD, BOD5,time lasting 3 days quality themfor I 00mrespectively Pb, oils. . 47 Table 7.8 Environmental Monitorin Process in Operation Period of L-Z Section Environ- MonitoringPoints MonitoringContents MonitoringTinme & Executiv mental Frequency e Unit Elements highway entrance & entrancegas-powered vehicles: Environ exhaust of overpass exhaustgas CO, HC regular check & mental gas & diesel-poweredvehicles: randominspection Protecti noise FSN, traffic noise on Scheme I: NOx, CO, CIIHm,T. S. P. 2 tnies a year(one in Office Fangjiaquan, Yantan winter,one in sumner), under air Scheme II: each time lasting 5 GPCD Qingbaishimiddle school, days; samplingat Yanchangbu 7:00, 11:00,15:00, 19:00 each day ditto enviroiinmienitalnoise leq, 2 times a year, noise day each time lasting I and night day (one time at day, one time at night) from upstreami and pH, SS, DO, COD, BOD5, surface downstreamof the rivers to the Pb, oils. water road where it crosses them for lOOinrespectively; Pb contentin ,vegetables& fruitsfrom Yantan 7.3.2 Environmental Monitoring of X-G section table 7.9 Environmental Monitorin Plan of L-Z Section implementationmonitoring place monitoring monitoringcost repsibleentity time items frequency (10,000/a) I. Ambient Huazangsi dust:quarterly 2.00 supervisor air quality Heisongyi TSP:4 times a Monitor 1). dust VillageGulanhg year, 3 days 4.00 Environmental construction 2).TSP county(E) continuouslya Monitoringsection of phase time,4 times of GPCDReporting EP 1998-2002 samplinga day DEPT.under GPCD 2.Noise Construction weekly,2-3 0.50 supervisor sites at sensitive times a day sports I.Air Huazangsi 2 tiiesayear, pollution Heisongyi 5as ofpsan-ing 6.00 EMS of GPCD NOx,CO, VillageGulanhg atines,4tmes TSP county(E) p__eday operatrion Pni sixdattaied 4 daysa year, phase 2. Noise toDTizliuNcni-I onetimeat 0.80 EMS of GPCD 2002-2022 Sdxd Fswg H daytime& SdWl nigihttimlea day 3. Water ShibaliReservoir 2 timesa year,2 bodiesCOD, andlingqiang daysof sampling 1.20 EMS of GPCD _Po, pH River atimen 48 7.4 Equipmentfor EnvironmentalMonitoring See table 7. 10 for details Table 7.10 Monitoring Instruments/Facilities Order Name Model Unit price Number total cost (10. 000 yuan (thousandyuan RMB) _____ RMB) I BODmeasuring equipment MACH 0.5 1 0.5 2 CODtester MACH 0.7 1 0.7 3 Ultraviolet WF-2900-D4 6.2 l 6.2 spectrophotomiieter 4 TSP sampler KB-120E 0.35 6 2.1 5 air pollution sampler HB-2 0.35 6 2.1 6 CO tester KKLS-401 3 1 3.0 7 atoniicabsorption IF2132 12.0 1 12.0 _____ spectrograph 8 noisedictator 2.5 4 10.0 9 analysisscale (1/10000) TQ328A 0.6 2 1.2 10 dust tester 0.05 16 0.8 11 computer AST-586 3.0 1 3.0 12 reagentetc. 10 13 monitoringcar 30 1 30 Total ... 41 81.6 7.5 Environmnetalperson Training See table 7.1 1 for details Table 7.11 Personal Training for EP of The ProposedHighw ay Training Component Number Duration Cost (Yuan) Remarks High-LevelEngineer I 30days 83000 Foreign Env. Protection 2 2 x 30days 2 x 83000 Foreign (Management/ Administrative) EnvironmentalSupervision 16 16 x 30days 16 x 2100 Domestic And Monitoring(Technical) Total - -__ 19 19 x 30day 282,600 7.6. Total net cost of Environment Table 7.12 Cost of Environmental Protection of L-Z unit million Yuan RMB Items Cost slope protection & prevention of water soil loss 16.9260 noise prevention 0.3120 afforestation & green area on road sides 1.7620 pollution control in living areas 0.0980 wastewater treatment 0.1200 Total 17.9020 49 Table 7.13 Cost Estimate for EP of X-G and Its Sources order items amout cost fund remarks (10,000 yuan) sources I EP design 15.00 2 sprayingfor dust controlduring 500 days 10.00 engineering 500 day x 200 yuanld construction 3 disposal of domesticgarbage & 3.00 engineering constructioncamps waste at worker' s camps 4 waste water treatment stationat 2 60.0 engineering servicecentres 5 clearingup the site & land 6.00 engineering reclamation 6 measuresfor borrow & spoil sites 30.00 engineering borowor spoilareas to prevent soil erosion I 7 maintenaceof lical road 40.00 engineering mendingor compensation 8 safety measures 54.00 engineering 27 x 20.00(yuan) 9 noise-insulatingwalls Tianzhu 1050m2 31.00 engineering 300 yuangtm2 Ischool 10 noise-insulatingwalls for 700m2 17.00 maintenace 250 yuan/im2 HeisongyiHSchool II removement& rebuildingof 1500m2 60 engineering LonggoubaoPrim.Sch envir.monitoring during 6.50 maintenace 12 construction envir.monitoring during operation 8.0 meterpurchaset 13 euipment & meters for monitomg 4 1 8 1 meter purclhase______14 maintenaceof equipment 4.20 meter purchaseequipment & meter 15 personneltraining 20.00 trainingcost 20 x 10,000(yuan) 16 embankment& sidewalkplantation 350 engineering 17 slope drainage, measures agaist 2100. engineering soil erosion total 2895.7 Table 7.14 Total Net Cost of EP Unit million RMB Yuan L-Z section 17.902 X-G section 28.957 Total 46.859 50n 8. Benefit Analysis of Envoronment and Econmy 8.1 EconomicBenefit Analysis The direct and indirect benefits of the proposed- hihgway are as follows: (I) improvement of environment for social production; (2) more employment chanced; (3)promotion of resoturce exploitation and rise in value of land; (4)extension of social commodities; (5) speeding- up of turnover of materials; (6) increase of ability to fight againg st natural disasters; (7)mitigation of crowded traffic; ( 8) shoTtage of mileage; (9)saving of time; (lO)improvement of driving conditions and thus rdueduction of traffic accidents. The resultsof economicevaluation of L-Z highwayare as follows:the economiccost ratio is larger than l; the present economicnet value of dynamic economyis larger than O;the reclamationperiod of investmentis about 15 years; and the economicinterior benefitratio is largerthan 12% The indicesare fairly good. Afinancial assessment on the recommeded scheme X-G which shows that the dynarnic EBCRis greater thanl; the dynamic GNPVis greater than zero; financial recoverhypreriod isl5years:EIRRis greatertlianl2%'the social discount rate is2O. 07%. n'he sensitivity analysis also shows that if the cost were to be increased by2O%with a decrease of benefit of2O%, the dynamic EBCRwould be greater than]; the dynamic ENPVwould be greater than zero; the social discount rate would be 7. 86%/The project, therefore, will have great risk-resistance ability. 8.2 Social environmentBenefit The project will have good social beniefitsas well as financial ones. The socisl beneflits are:(I)great role in completion of the national main trunk networks and rational layout of Gansu highway networks:(2)promotion of local economy along the route asnd farming and animal husbandry in minority areas; (3) Although the proposed project will bring about sove environmental problems during construction phasse, the preventive and mitigative measures will decrease adverse dffect to a minimum. To sum up, the project will bring about great benefits botlh financiallyand socially. Therefore, it is necessary and urgent to construct L-Z and X-G Highway. 51 9 Public Participation 9.1 Public Participation of L-Z section 9. 1. 1 Opinions and Suggestions from the Local Government, Units and School A survey was carried out in December 1996 along tlhe line from Liugouhe to Zhonglhe in QingbaislbiTownship, Gansu Forestry Research Institute, Qingbaishi Middle School, Gansu Education Iilstittute, ZlhonglheVillage and Fangjiaquang Village whiclhwill be affected by the project. There view poinitcan be generally summarized up as follows: 1. They advocate building the road as soon as possible. 2. They think that the road can improve the local traffic condition and promote the economical development. 3. They see that the road will cause damage to the environment to which attention should be paid and necessary measuires slhouldbe adopted so as to mitigate it to the least degree possible. 4. The leaders are all more concerned about the impact situation in places that they are in charge of Qingbaishi Township , as a basic adminstrative unit in the rural area, is afraid of land occupation and hopes that it can be reduced as much as possible; the forestry research institute is worried about the forest destruction and hopes that the forest.damaged can be restored and afforestation along the road should be made when the road construction is over; Qingbaishi Middle School and Gansu education Institute are more concerned about the noise impact on their teaching and learning and they claim that mitigation measures slhouldbe made to shield the noise and ensure their work; Zhonghe Village demands that sufficient compensation should be made for the * teardown of the houses. 9.1.2 Opinions and Suggestions fi-oma qtuestionnilairelnvestigation The region the investigation was undertaken includes 2 counties and I district where the planned expressway will go across. The investigated were any of those inhlabitantsbeing or over 15 years old before December 12, 1996, living in the above said 2 counties and I district. In the investigation we used the metlhodof random sampling, taking the densely populated places as the investigation centers and gradually reducing sampling ratio outwardly from them. 52 Table. 9.1 Statistical results of the questionnaire investigation of the public participation on the project of the expressway between I,iugouhe and Zhonghe in Lanzhou Items of the Investigation Answers 0 Results (%) (1) How do you feel about the present 1. Very satisfied. 15 transportation situation in your place? 2. Satisfied 29 3. Not satisfied. 56 (2) Do you know that an expressway will be 1. Yes. 62 built near by? 2. Not very clear. 22 3. No, don't know. 16 (3) How do you think about the present 1. Very satisfactory. 7 Oenvironment conditions in your place? 2. Satisfactory. 20 3. Not satisfactory. 73 If not satisfactory, what do you think is the 1. Solid erosion. 10 main environmental problem in your place? 2. Vegetation destruction 21 3. Air pollutioL1. 36 4. Noise 21 5. Solid pollution. 17 ______6. Water pollution. 47 (4) Do you like to participate in the work I. I am strongly willing to 74 of environment protection? . 2. Not very particularly. 25 3. No, don't. I (5) Don't you think the construction of an 1. Very strong influences. 15 express way will have any influences on the local environiient? 2. There are, but not very 59 serious. 3. No influenlces. 26 If any, what are the chief influences? I. Waste gases 31 2. Noise 37 3. Soil erosion. 10 (6) What functions do you think the 1. The express way will 54 construction of an express way will exert on powerfully promote the local the local economical development? economical development.. 2. The forrner will proniote the 42 latter somehow. 3. No or not very significant. 4 53 Items of the Investigation Answers 0 Results (%) (7) Do you think that the construction of the 1. Living standard will be 48 express way will have any positive or negative enhanced and environment quality influences on your living qualities? will be concurrently inmproved. 2. Living standard will be 26 enlhanced, but environment quality will be worsened. 3. Livinig standard will drop, I buit enivironmlent quality will be improved. 4. Both living standard and 5 environmllent quality will be worsened. 5. No influienices 20 (8) What is your choice between the I I am in favor of the 37 construction of the express way and construction of the express way environment protection? anid look forward to local economical development. 2. I don't like to see an I expressway built at the' cost o environment quality. 3. I support the construction of 62 the expressway and look forward to an actual implementation of environmiiienitprotecthon measures. (9) What is your attitude, in case you are 1. I refiuse to move away. 2 asked to move away forever from your present residence because of the construction of the expressway? 2. 1 will moveaway if decentlypaid. 53 3. 1 will moveaway if reasonablypaid. 33 4. 1 will moveaway unconditionally. 12 In answer to "How do you feel about the present traffic condition?", 56% of the people are not satisfied with the present traffic conditioln.Generally, they think that the roads in urban district can suit far from the need of traffic growth as the economy and trade develop continuously along the line. Meanwhile, the inhabitants' awareness of enironmental protection has commonly been enhanced. 74% of the people are particularly willing to participate in environmental protection. The fact that the majority of the inhabitants are concerned about environmental problems provides a substantial public .base for environmnent protection. 73% are not satisfied with the present environmental condition, and the other.27% are satisfied witli it wlho are mainly living in the rural areas. Because of the slow industrial development, their environment is basically unpolluted. In the vicinity of Lanzhou proper, people think that air pollution and noise pollution are the worst; and in 54 Qingbaislii area, water pollution appears to be the worst. 74% think that the construction of the road will affect the surrouinidingsin a degree, and the pollution will be mainly noise and exhaust gas. 96% think that the construction of the road will help the development of local economy. 99% support the conistruction, and 62% require corresponding measures for environmental protection to be carried out when the project starts. The construction of the expressway causes removal and resettlement. 89% agree to move and 86% require certain compelnsationi.Tlherefore, before the project starts, the housing and fiuture living problems of these people slhouldbe well solved. A lump- sum payment for compensation is required by them. In our investigation, we find that most of the urban inhabitants in Lanzhou claim the road to be built as soon as possible to reduce the traffic pressure and to improve the environmental quality. Farmers along the line demand the expressway to be built so as to quicken the development of the local economy. All in all, the public attitude toward the expressway construction is positive, and its social and economical benefits are confinned. With thie citizens' awareness of environmental protection enhaniced, the colTesponding measures for environmental protection are required to be carried out with the road construction simultaneously. 9.2 Public participationof X-G section 9.2.1 Opinions and Suggestions from Local Governments Opinions about the project from the masses and local governments have been solicited, and a series of forums have been held on selection of the alignment by GPCPDI in Yongdeng, Tianzhuland Gulang. Opinionisand ideas from the public have been heeded and accordingly, some revisions hiave been made. Considering their opinions and suggestions, the EA group and GPCPDI have changed the original alingment in the Project Feasibility Study Report, avoiding some sensitive areas in Tianzhu County. The second forum was held in November, 1996about El in Tianzhu and Gulang. The attendants were experts in municipal managenment,agriculturse, forestry, water conservancy, culture, EP and traffic; representatives of county congress and politecalconsultative conference. Througlhfull discussion, a memeoralndumwas worked out. see tables 9.2 and 9.3 for detail. 55 Table 9.2 Memorandum of Public Involvement in Tianzhu County. place:meeting room of the Standing Committee of Peoplee's Congress of Tianzhu County presients:Xian HiglhwayUniversity and GPCPDI date:Nov.26, 1996 Memorandum of the forum: 1. X-GHighway is a project to benefit the people along the route by playing an important role in improving local economy and investmenitenvironment; 2. Representateives were in favour of the alingmenitdue to less environimentalimpact and less demolition and the sclhemeis feasible; 3, Traffic noise effect on three sclhools slhall be taken into fill account by taking mitigation and controol measures; 4, Pactchy ancient tombs located at Maclhualnwani-Anmeni Wection shall be given attention to in design. Table 9.3Mernorandum of Public Inivolvemenitin GulanigCoun1ty. place:meeting-room of the Gulang County Govermen. presiders:Xian Highway University and GPCPDI date:Nov.27, 1996 Memorandum of the forum: 1. Thle project is of great significance in encouragemenit of local economy. Three accesses should be provided for convenieiit traffic. Necessary accessories should be given attention to. River course would be kept from silting up and flood bandk would be built if the higlhwaywere to located on the eastern bank; 21Thepeoject will provide the county witlh quick transportationi for promoting the economic growth, exporting agriculture prodocts; 3. The project will do no obvious effct on environimentand surrowudings; 4. It will promote tourist industry without affecting cultural relics. 9.2.2 Opinions and suggestions from the Masses Thle opinions and suggestioins friom the masses were collected through questionaires and interviews.1 16questionaire forms avout thie project were sent out witlh98came back, Thle statistical results are slhownin Table 9.4. Table9.4 QuestionaireFonrm about X-G Higlhway contents answer nuLnber ratio(%) vei mluclh 55 56 l knowledgeof the project some 43 44 no O n latisfie v>erynuch 16 1 2 opinionsabout localtraffic satisfiedbasically 36 37 not 46 47 adverse effect on great 8 8 3 environment slight 81 83 no idca 9 9 56 contents ianswer number ratiD% 4 opinions about in the same village 83 85 removement & resettlement in other villages 15 15 role in promotion of local Seat 97 100 5 econiomy 110o O _no idrea O O in favout of 80 82 6 about alignment against I I ______noidea 14 14 general attitude towards early start 81 83 7 X-G late start O O Highway constntctioni no project O O The findings of investigation and questioniaires slhow that47%of the people interviewed were not conitent witlh the wxisting traffic conditionis; 82%of the masses agreed to construct the lhighway and staTt as early as plssible; 85%of the villagers were willing to resettle in the same village. 9.2.3 Opinions and Suggestions from Schools The followinig sclhools were visited for tlleir opinions and suggestions: LSonggu Primary School, Heisongyi Junior Highl Schlool, Primary Sclhool attached to Tianzhu Normal School. Findings; 1. All schools were in favour ofthle project. 2. They hoped to be compensated reasonably. It was suggested being built another Longgoubao Primary Sclhool smewliere else of the same scale. In slhort, all the local govemments, the public and sclhools surveyed were in favour of the project. Good suggestions about the alignment were put fonvard and on the basis of these suggestions and EPreqquirements, the alignment was revised. 9.3 The Planned Work of The Public Participation When EIA, EAP and ES are Completed When the EIA, EAP and ES are completed , the documtlentswill be put in thepublic places of the GPCD, the Communications Bureau of the Chengguan District in Lanzhou City and the Communications Bureau of Gaolan County, which will be reported in the local newspapers with the addresses and telephone numibersopen to the public for their consultation. When the one-month consutation is over, the public opinions will be carefully handled and passed on the communications deparitmnts for reterence when decisions are made. 57 10 Conclusions: 10.1 Conclusionsof L-Z section 10.1.1 Main aspect of El Liugouhe-ZlionglheHighway is located in the nortlhwest part of the loess plateau. The main aspects of the environmiiientalimpact are: soil erosion, ecological environment, agricultural production, noise environment, air environment, water environment and social economy. 10.1.2 Ecological El (1) The area in whichi the road crosses belongs to the region of desert and grassland in the northwest of the loess plateau. The vegetation in this region is sparse and poor in variety. Tllere is no rare fauna and flora here that need special protection. The road construction will destroy the natural vegetation to some extent, but it will be restored in 5 - 8 years by adopting a number of measures. There is little impact on wilde animals. (2) In the area where the road passes, the soil erosion is comparatively serious. IlTeerosion intensity is between 3000t./km. A and 9000t./krn. A. In construction period, the soil erosion will be aggravated to about 3 times of the present level. After the construction is finished, the soil erosion intensity will decrease greatly due to the implementation of the precautionary measures. It will be restrained and controlled to a certain degree in this area. (3) The place that the road goes througlh belongs to the farming area in suburbs. Agriculture, forestry and animal husbandry are in good condition; and soil and plants are basically not affected by Pb pollution. Thle road construction will occupy some arable land, and the soil and crops will be polluted by Pb to a certain degree. But according to the calculation, though Pb pollution will be aggravated in a degree, it will not affect the soil and crops until the year 2020 because the soil in this area is alkaline. But as the vehicle flow increases and the time span of operation extends, attention should be paid to Pb pollution. 10.1.3 Noise El In the area that the road passes, the noise background value is low and within the limit. But in construction and operation periods the noise will increase. On several sensitive points such as Gansu Education Institute, tlie noise will go beyond the limit, and appropriate measures and methods should be adopted to mitigate it. 10.1.4 Air El The results of the impact assessment of the air environment show: along the proposed road, CO, NOx, and Pb will exceed the standard in varying degrees in operation period. Among them, NOx will surpass the standard apparently. The late period of operation (2020) will be the main stage that the pollution exceeds the 58 standard. In the initial period (2002) and middle period (2010) of operation, pollutants will not go beyond the national environmental standards for air quality of Grade It. Within 10On-r it will have impact on the inhabitanitsahd administrativeunits on the sensitive points on both sides of the road. Outside of 200rn it will exert hardly any influence. Within 150m of the surroundings on the leeward, the blown dust in construction period will cause a heavy pollution. 10.1.5 Water El In construction period, the water quality will be slightly affected of the Yellow River and the Liugouhe River. Since the Yellow River lias a large flow, and the Liugouhe River is not the source of drinking water for humanis or animals, the construction will not affect the water environment significantlyfrom an overall view. As there is a distance between the road and the water body, the water quality will not be affected significantlyby Pb dust in operation period. 10.1.6 Social El Liugouhe - Zlhonghe Expressway will promote the economical and social development in Lanzlhou and Gansu province. In a degree, it will alleviate the air pollution in Lanzhou, and other social influencesare minor. 10.1.7 Other El Thlere is no historical relics in 200m from the road, But in construction period, the underground cultural relics should be paid much attention. In operation period, the management of transporting hazardous materials and iiarmful waste should be tightened up, and the traffic accidents which damage environment should be avoided. 10.1.8 Comparision of Alternative Scheme There are two alternative scheme of Zhonighe to Donggang. N-scheme have less environmental impact than S-scheme. N-scheme are recommend. 10.1.9 Economical El The economic benefit from the expressway will be significant. The investment in environmentalprotection is appropriately apportioned to the total investment and it will bring in large profits. 10.1.10 Environmental Management The environmental monitoring, controlling and management and superring of Liugouhe -Zhonghe Expressway will be implemented from tlhe beginning of the design stage. The work should be strictly carried out according to the corresponding regulations. 10.1.11 Conclution of Public Participation The public participation shows that the public positively supports the construction of the road. Its social and economical benefits are confirmed. Meanwhile, the public has a pressing requirement of the corresponding measures for environmental protection and of the reasonable compensation for the impact in the process of the road construction. In one word, the negative impact on environment will be reduced to a minimum and the environmental condition will be improved at the same time, if the work of environmental protection is exactly carried out and thie investment for environmental 5) protection is guaranteed. Hence, Liugouthe- Zhongl e Expressway is feasible from the angle of environment. 10.2 Conclusionsof X-G section 10.2.1 Ecological El (1) The otential soil erosion during construction plhase will be great, the loss strength of which will be 7times that at present, mostly concentrated at K2286-K2395, K2411-413+20. It will be mitigated by carefiuldesign, rational use of earthwork and other preventive works. (2) The amount of soil loss in the first year of operation is 80% tlhatduring construction phase. 1s3-5years following, whteinthe plantationlis put back to the original state, it will be reduced to less tlm at present. (3) The effect on irrigation systemds during construction will be temporary and it can be removed on completion of the road. (4) The effect of vehicle exlhaust gases onisoil on botlh sides will be slight and within the threshold level of lead contenit, lhavingminior impact oil yield and quality of agriculture produce. 10.2.2 Acoustic El (1). At present, all tee towns and villages throtiglhwhich the route passes enjoy quite good sound environment. (2). During the operation plhase,the proposed lhighwaywill do no obvious effect on acoustec environment both in the nighttime and daytime. Howecver, the noise lever of individual villages will exceed the noise standard by 0.5-6db by2022. (3). The Primary School attaclhedto Tian zhlu Normal Sclhoolsnd Heisongyi High S chool will suffer from noise somewhat, but by taking appropriate meatures, the noise can be reduced to the standard level. 10.2.3 Air EI (1) Existing ait quality; The air quality along the proposed road is quite good with the concentration of CO, NOx and lead dust meeting grade2standards, TSP excdeding the standard slightly. (2) Air quality impact:The concentrations of both EOand NOx does not exceed grade2of the national standards fdue to local velocity and relevant good diffusion conditions, so having no obvious effect on air quality. 10.2.4 Water EI (1). Exsisting water quality:The findings slhowsthat the qualities of water in the rivers and reservoir aling the routes are quite good, meeting the related standards of surface water. (2) Water quality impact: Analysis shows thiat during constructrion, construction activities will affect the water quality somewlhat. 10.2.5 Social El (1) The project will do little adwerse effect on surroundings, and do good for (o promoting local economy and helping the poor. (2). It will improve zonal traffic conditions. (3). Analysis of benefit-loss slhowsgreater benefits than losses. 10.2.6 Conclusion of Alternative Schemes In the light of municipal planning, opinions and suggestion from local govemments and engineering itself, Scheme ll (town-detouring) has been suggested from the viewpoint of EP. 10.2.7 Public Participation All in the masses,-schools and local governments are in favour of the project and put forward some reasonable suggestions about the aliglment. All in all, the X- G Highway will play an important role in developing local economy, in improving traffic and communicationsand tourism. Thlenew road, on the other hand, will have some adverse effedts on environment. These impacts can be acceptale levels. Therefore, we can arrive at the conclusion that in the light of Epthe project is practical and feasible. () I Appendix 1. Distribution Chart of EnivironimzentImnuoilm,itn Sitc in Conistruction / Operation period Of L-/. HighwaY ' ,'... . '~~~~~~ '. 5'' ., - , ,, . *' .~~~ ~ Ci0t' .~ e.S:x KLa0 ... i .~~~~~~~~M Aw ,40$ a'~ ~ a Stkrtinu Qingbaisei L.ugouhe Shajinping ' 'e54 27M P40Q Dazhuznwa YellowRiver Luotuoxianzi Scale 210 ou i Plane I: 200000 c Gaolan Section 1:2 5 0 000 (Horizontal) ] 30000 (Vertical )i1CO . _ |Milepost - ~- K2210 -- -- -K - - * - Monitoring Sites of Lead Content in Soil * - Monitoring cSites of Noise Environnment OC Monitoring Sites of Air Environment 62 Appendix2 Aiiiiex ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~.'.t'-.Mig. 1.1 . .~~~~~~~~~~~ * - X -_ X,mli~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~i I~~ ~ ~~~~- .' v- .- ~~~~~~~,' 1k. 1~~~~~~~~~~~k 1.. 'lfl i 'j Asf!in.z Jige 1f -i-stsg; 1 LZ'1^ZZe1 .- 1 A'iIe j't -. 1alllst lufL 6 '*-s',-- I'Fie M oiutor01inigSites of Ex\;Sistig - IIIopsd rund Nolse Ell viromnlent (coutedd) 1 -soil (11loiig(lie X-. il i'x ~isting ron 11'- Cruop ~~'- Ait-quality -g Water- qLuaidi Annex2. ------ At I ituex Fi1-g 7 .Amin - . .I ______. .\-~~~-.,... ~~~-- ...... Thiie AfToitioring Sites (f EfZ'ispig i'esed iuad Noise iitotig the _ . Anitiex Fig i-izoy~k-~U\-~ .' . ; -I , MII CY~~_ , .:j '.. ..i ,. . r~.--. . ~ / ~~~~~~~~~~4 poi iosed rnd i'lie Alfoliio-i(ing Sites of E(xisting Lnivil (ItIclie n 3 cli) X -- so,l tilolig lthe X . HighlliY'x cistig riad i Crol)l _ m ,1IISir quality - Watcer jitlalit% Part C: Ningxia Ningxia Highway Project of P. R. China Guyaozi-Wangquanliang Highway of National Trunk Lines Yanchi-Xingren Highway Improvement Project Executive Summary Report of the Environmental Assessment Communications Division of Ningxia Huizu Autonomous Region December, 19 97 Contents 1 Introduction . 1 1.1 Legislation and Policy of Assessment ...... 1 1. 2 Scope and standards of Assessment. 2 1. 2. 1 Assessment Scope 2 1. 2. 2 Assessment Standards. 2 1. 3 Assessment Contents and EP Objectives. 2 1. 4 Assessment Phases ...... 3 1. 5 Techniques and Methods of Assessment .3-.--.-.. -- 3 2 Brief Introductionto the Projects ..... 4 2. 1 Geographical Location .--- 4 2. 1. 1 Gu-Wang Highway ...... 44------...... - 2.1. 2 Yan -Xing Highway .. * - ...... 4 2. 2 Traffic Volume Predicted ...... -...... 4 2. 3 Major Technical Standards. 6 2. 4 Construction Scale and Major Work Amount. 6 2. 4. 1 Guw-Wang Highway. 6 2. 4. 2 Yan-Xing Highway .-- 7 2. 5 Implementation Scheme .*-- ..--..--..- 8 3 General Introductionto the Existing Environment in the Study Area. 9 3. 1 Natural Environment .- ...... 99---..- 3. 1. 1 Land Features .9- - g 3.1. 2 Climatic Features. 10 3.1.3 Soil. 10 3. 1. 4 Water Regime and Surface Water. 1 0 3. 2 Ecological Environment .11 3. 2.1 Main Features of Ecological Environment .11 3. 2.2 Vegetation .11 3. 2. 3 Soil Desertification and Drifting Dune Belts .13 3. 2. 4 Soil Erosion .13 3. 2. 5 Wild Fauna .14 3. 2. 6 Natural Reserves .14 3. 3 Social Environment .*- 14 3. 3. 1 A Survey of Social Econom).14 3. 3. 2 Major Infrastructure .16 3. 3. 3 Cultural Heritage .16 3. 3. 4 Environmentally Sensitive Spots in the study Area ...... - 16 3. 4 Current Situation of the Living Environment ...... 16 3. 4. 1 Environmental Quality in the Study Area of Gu-Wang Highway ...... 16 3. 4. 2 Environmental Quality in the Study Area of Yan-Xing Highway ...... 19 4 Social Environmental Benefits and Impact Mitigation Measures .20 4. 1 Gu-Wang Highway .*- --- 20 4. 1. 1 Prediction of Economic Benefit .20 4. 1. 2 Analysis of Socio-economic Benefits .20 4. 1. 3 Regional Economic Benefits .20 4. 1. 4 Improvement of Living Environment Quality .20 4. 1. 5 Impact of Land Requisition and Mitigation Measures .21 4. 1. 6 Impact on Infrastructures and Mitigation Measures .21 4. 1. 7 Traffic Severance and Mitigation Measures .22 4. 2 Yan-Xing Highway .*--..-- ..--..--..--..--..--.. --..-- 22 4. 2. 1 Prediction of Economic Benefits.22 4. 2. 2 Analysis of Socio-economic Benefits . 22 4. 2. 3 Regional Economic Benefits .22 4. 2. 4 Improvement of Living Environment Quality ...... 22 4. 2. 5 Impact of Land Requisition and Mitigation Measures .23 4. 2. 6 Impact on Infrastructures and Mitigation Measures .23 4. 2. 7 Operation Maintenance and Safety Measures .23 5 Major Impact on Environment and Mitigation Measures .24 5. 1 Analysis of Impact on Cultural Remains (Great Wall of Ming Dynasty) and Protection Measures .24 5. 1. 1 The Cultural Remains (Great Wall of Ming Dynasty) . 24 5. 1. 2 Scheme of the Passage through the Great Wall. 26 5. 1. 3 Potential Impact on the Great Wall .26 5. 1. 4 Protection Measures .26 5. 2 Impact on Ecological Environment and Mitigation Measures ...... 26 5. 2. 1 Impact on vegetation ...... 26 5. 2. 2 Measures for Subgrade Protection and Prevention from Soil Desertification ...... 27 5. 2. 3 Vegetation Protection Measures during Construction Phase ...... 28 5. 2. 4 Impact on Soil Erosion and Mitigation Measures .28 5. 2. 5 Analysis of Impact of Lead Accumulation in Soil during Operation 30 5. 3 Impact on Acoustic Environment and Mitigation Measures .30 5. 3. 1 Gu-Wang Highway .-----...... 30 5. 3. 2 Yan-Xing Highway . 31 5. 3. 3 Impact of Noise and Mitigation Measures during Construction Phase . 33 5. 4 Impact on Ambient Air and Mitigation Measures . ------33 5. 4. 1 Operation Phase ...... 33 5. 4. 2 Construction Phase ...... 33 5. 5 Impact on Water Environment and Mitigation Measures ...... 33 5. 5. 1 Gu-Wang Highway during Operation Phase .-.-. *.----33 5. 5. 2 Yan-Xing Highway during Operation Phase ...... 34 5. 5. 3 Impact on Water Environment during Construction Phase .34 5. 6 Major Environmental Impact and Mitigation Measures during Construction Phase ...... 34 5. 6. 1 Noise Impact and Mitigation Measures .------.-.------34 5. 6. 2 Impact on Ambient Air and Mitigation Measures during Construction Phase ...... 34 5. 6. 3 Impact on Water Environment and Mitigation Measures during Construction Phase .--...... 35 5. 6. 4 Vegetation Protection to Avoid Soil Desertification ...... 35 5. 6. 5 Land Resources Protection .---...... 35 5. 6. 6 Impact on Existing Local Roads and Mitigation Measures .35 5. 6. 7 Safety .36 5. 6. 8 Protection Measures of Cultural Remains (Great Wall of Ming Dynasty) ...... 36 5. 6. 9 Impact Analysis of Material Yards ...... 36 5. 7 Major Environmental Impact and Mitigation Measures during Ope:ration Phase as Summary ...... 36 5. 7. 1 Prevention Measures of Environmental Impact ...... 36 5. 7. 2 Management Measures of Noise Control -----.------... 37 5. 7. 3 Transportation Management . - ...... 37 6 Public Involvement and Investigation Summary...... 38 6. 1 Public Involvement and Investigation and Statistics *.------38 6. 1. 1 Way of Investigation and People Investigated ...... 38 6. 1. 2 Investigation Statistics and Analysis .38 6. 2 Major Issues and Settlement ...... 38 7 Environmental Protection Program and Environmental Monitoring Program ...... 40 7. 1 EP Program . - - ...... 40 7. 1. 1 Preliminary Stage ...... 40 7. 1. 2 EP Program of Construction Stage . 41 7. 1. 3 EP Program of Operation Stage ...... 42 7. 2 Environment Monitoring Plan and Monitoring Instruments ...... 42 7. 2. 1 Environment Monitoring Plan during Construction Stage ...... 42 7. 2. 2 Environment Monitoring Plan during Operation Stage ...... 43 7. 2. 3 Environmental Monitoring Instrument .------... 43 8 Environmental Institutions and Expenses Estimate .--. - -.. 44 8. 1 Environmental Institutions and Responsibilities .- 44 8. 1. 1 Construction Phase ... 44 8. 1. 2 Operation Phase . 44 8. 2 EP Personnel Training Program ...... 45 8. 3 Cost Estimate for EP ...... 46 9 Resettlement Action Plan .------...... 47 9. 1 Land Requisition and Amount of Resettlement ...... 47 9.1.1 A Survey .----...... 47 9. 1. 2 Amount of Land Requisitioned and Housing Demolished .47 9. 2 Resettlement Principles and Compensation Standards .49 9. 2. 1 Resettlement Principle ...... 49 9. 2. 2 Way of Compensation . 49 9. 2. 3 Compensation Standards for Land Requisitioned .49 9. 2. 4 Compensation Standards for Demolition .--. 50 9. 3 Institutions of Land Requisition and Housing Demolition .50 9. 4 Cost of Land Requisition and Resettlement and Schedule .51 9. 4. 1 Cost Estimated .51 9. 4. 2 Schedule of Land Requisition and Resettlement .51 Appendix and Attached Figure Appendix 1 Key Elements for Environmental Action Plan for Ningxia Highway-Projects .*- 52 Appendix 2 Yanchi County Government (Approval) Document No. 17 (1997) 57 Attached Fig. 1 Route Trend and Environmental Sensitive Spots Distribution and Monitoring Spot Locations along Gu-Wang Highway .60 Attached Fig. 2 Sensitive Spots Distribution and Monitoring Spot Locations along Yan-Xing Highway .61 Attached Fig. 3 Distribution of Materials along Gu-Wang Highway .65 Attached Fig. 4 Distribution of Materials along Yan-Xing Highway .66 1 Introduction The Ningxia highway projects applying for the WB loan is part of the highway projects of Ningxiaa, Inner Mongolia and Gansu. Ningxia WB loan application projects include Guyaozi Wangquanliang Section (Highway) and improvements to Yanchi - Xingren Highway of Qingdao-Taiyuan-Yinchuan National Highways (upgraded to class I highway) and rural "poor-assistance roads" which total up to 253km of 13 roads distributed in 5 poor undeveleped counties, namely Haiyuan, Xiji, Pengyang. Tongxin and Yanchi. The Executive Summary Report is the summary of EIA of Guyanzi-Wangquanliang Section (Highway) and Yanchi-Renxing Highway. The Environmental Action Plan is also included in the summary. The EIA of 'the poor-assistance roads" and their action plans are found in other reports. 1. 1 Legislation and Policy of Assessment 1. The review by the State Environmental Protection Bureau regarding the Qutline of EIA of Guyaozi - Wangquanliang Section and Yanchi - Xingren. Highway Improvements, 062, (1997), 7 March, 1997. 2. The review by the Environmental Protection Bureau of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region regarding the ETA standards for Ningxia highway projects applying for WB loans, 029 (1997), 15 March, 1997. 3. The Qutlines of Guyaozi-Wangquanliang Section and Yanchi-Xingren Highway improvements of Qingdao - Taiyuan - Yinchuan Highway as a national trunk line, November, 1996. 4. "The Reply on the Proposal of Guyaozi-Wangquanliang Section from the Mimistry of Communications", No 861, [1994], September, 1994. 5. "The Letter on the Trust Deed of EIA of Guyaozi - Wangquangliang Section and Yanchi - Xingren Highway from- the Communications Division of Ningxia", No. 079, (1996), July, 1996. 6. 'The Viability Study Reports of Guyaozi-Wangquanling Section and Yanchi- Xingren Highway" by China Highway Project Consultancy and Supervision Co. Ltd, January, 1997. 7. "Chinese Forest Protection Act", December, 1989. 8. 'Administration Policies of Environmental Protection of Construction Projects" by the State Environmental Protection Bureau, No. 003, 1986. 9. "Administration Policies of Environmental Protection of Communications Construction Projects" by the MOC, No. 17. 10. 'On Strenshening Maragement of EIA of Construction Projects Using Loans from Foreign Finance Organigations" by the State Environmental Protection Bureau and three other organigations, No, 324, [1993]. 11. "Soil Conservation Act of P.R. China", June 29, 1991. 12. "Pasture Act of P. R. China", 1985. 13. "Cultural Relics Protection Act of P. R. China", Nov. , 1982 14. 'Assessment Specitications for EIA of Highway Construction Projects", (JTJ 005- 96) (trial), Jan., 1996. 15. Other regulations, laws and standards for environmental protection, management and monitoing. 1. 2 Scope and Standards of Assessment 1. 2. 1 Assessment Scope On the basis of the review on the Outline of ETA, the scope of both highways is shown in Table 1-1. Table 1-1 Assessment Scope Contents Gu-Wang Highway Yan-Xing Highway social environment 200m on both sides and sensitive areas 200m on both sides and sensitive areas ecological environment 500m on both sides 200m on both sides acoustic environment 200m on both sides 100m on both sides ambient air 200m on both sides 100m on both sides 1. 2. 2 Assessment Standards On the basis of the review from the Environmental Protection Bureau of Ningxia, they are shown in Table 1-2 Table 1-2 Assessment Standards and Amount contents standards remarks (Quality Standardsfor Soil Environ-ment) lead in soil GB15618-1995,Grade I acoustic V(NoiseStandards for Urban Areas) GB 3096-93. night Leq=5odB encionmeti Grade I schools &-hospitals; Gaenigdatim Leq=7 OdB environment Grade TV villages, towns and residential areas night Leq=55dB water (Quality Standards for Surface Water Environment) PH, COD.,B1Ds,NH,-N environment GB3838-88,Grade I (for Yan-Xlng Highway only) Notet Constructionnoise shall conformto the (Limit Levelsfor ConstructionSite Boundaries)(GB12523-90) 1. 3 Assessment Contents and EP Objectives Assessment contents, key points and EP objectives are listed in Table 1-3 on the basis of the following elements: project engineering, environmental features, identification and selection of environmental impact, and the review of the outlines of ETA. * 2 * Table 1-3 Assessment Contents and EP Objectives contents Gu-Wang Section Yan-Xing Highway social environment V key-point assessment V key-point assessment ecological environment v key-point assessment v key-point assesment acoustic noise V/ key-point assesment ambient air V t V water environment V V 1. ecology: vegetation, prevention from desertification 1. ecology: vegetation, preveation objectivs.2. acoustic environment at sensitive from desertification objectives spots 2. acoustic environment at sensitive 3. cultural relics (Great Wall of Ming spots Dynasty) Note: i>/ means assessment contents 1. 4 Assessment Phases According to the predicted traffic volume and work progress, the phases are scheduled in Table 1-4. Table 1-4 operation phase projects construction phase short-term med-term long-term Gu-Wang H. July, 1998-July, 2001 2003 2010 2020 Yan-Xing H. July, 1998-July, 2002 2002 2010 2020 1. 5 Techniques and Methods of Assessment Assessment will be carried out according to (the Specifications for EIA of Highway Construction ) (JTJ 005-96) by the MOC (trial) , See Table 1-5 for details. Table 1-5 Assessment Techniques and Methods assessment of contents existing situation El prediction assessment social investigation On the basis of socio-economic benefits, positive and negative effect on social investigatin. environment, and with the social environment taken into account the environment analysis prediction analysis will be conducted. ecolgical investigation (DModel prediction assessment will be used for soil erosion and prediction calculation will be used for natural environmentenvirne andan m.onitoringmonigatoin ()Bothecosystem. investigation aconstic investigation envionmti an mnigatoin Model prediction assessment will be used. environment and monitoring ambientambiet air andinvestigation monitoring Model prediction assessment will be used. water investigation and Investigation analysis will be conducted environment data collection depending on engineering situation .3. 2 Brief Introduction to the Projects The target of the ninth 5-year plan of Ningxia highwaysis to speed up both the national and provincialartery highway constructionincluding improvements to county and township roads to form a complete 3 - longitadinal and 5-cross highway network. Guyaozi WangquanlingHighway (Gu-Wang Highway) and Yanchi-Xingren Highway (Yan-Xing Highway) is one of the key constructionprojects of the ninth 5-year plan of Ningxia, and it has substantial significancein promotingeconomy and 'poor-assistance project" of Ningxia Region. 2. 1 Geographical Location 2. 1. 1 Gu- Wang Highway The Gu -Wang Highway is located in the central part of Ningxia by the north. It originates from Guyaoziof Lingwu City and terminates at Wangquanlingat the borber of Ningxia and Shaanxi with a total length of 93. 908km. This road connectswith Yinchuan in the west, wvithDingbian of Shaanxi in the east, and with Ertuokeqian Prefecture of Inner Mongoliain the north. See Fig. 2-1 for detail. 2.1. 2 Yan-Xing Highway The Yan-Xing Highway is located in the back-land of Ningxia, passing through the widest part of Ningxia from east to west; see Fig. 2 - 1. The start point is at the north- eastern corner of the region, and the destinationis at Haojiajion the border of Ningxia and Gansu, with a total length of 250. 78km. 2. 2 Traffic Volume Predicted Accordingto the ViabilityStudy Report, the traffic volumeof both highways is shown in Tables 2-1 and 2-2 respectively. Table2-1 TrafficVolume Predicted of Gu-WangHighway (medium-sized vehicles) unit:v/d sections stations 2000 2010 2020 Guyaozi-Gaoshawo K47+247-K89+500 2938 6535 10316 Gaoshawo-Yanchi K89+500-K130+500 2957 6591 10506 Yanchi-WangquanliangK130+500-K140+670 0 4523 7432 Table2-2 TrafficVolume Predicted of Yan-Xing Highway(medium-sized vehicles) unit:v/d sections stations 2000 2010 2020 Yanchi-Fengjigou KO+000-K54+400 930 2580 5110 Fengjigou-Huianbao K54+400-K86+000 750 2010 4020 Huianbao-Taoshankou K86+000-K192+300 1015 2540 5100 aoshankou-XingrenTown K192+300-K246+700 1292 3618 5181 XingrenTown-Haojiaji K246+700-K253+890 1315 3567 6433 .4 1~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ) NIngxi~~~~~~~~f7BeJ21Siumng20 Pt,,i m> r n \ pcclalpurpo I tsehighway . /X - w />~~~~~~~~~~~~ propa5cdGU-W.,, ~~~~~n~ ~ wn .. .l't* . 1.1 i .,f, 3 ., Fi . S 't t !1'-tZA.n wi Zhongni * 4 _ Fig. 2-1The Geographic Locishatino h iha Fig1;.2- <1 The, Geograpi Location of}1th Highwa .X. 2. 3 Major Technical Standards Gu-Wang Highwayis proposedto be contructed accordingto the stardards for class I auto-only highways in the plane light rolling areas; for Yan-Xing Highway stardards for ordinary class I highways, see Table 2-3 for detail. Table 2-3 Major TechicalIndexes technical indexes names unit Gu-Wang H. Yan-Xing H. class of road class I , plane light rolling areas ordinary class I design speed km/h 100 80 width of subgrade m 26(4-lane) 12. 0 width of carriageway m 2X7. 5(by stage), first stage-2 lanes 9. 0 width of divider m 3 minradius of horizontalcurve m 700 400 clear width of bridge surfaee-9, stop visual distance m 160 that for small bridges is same as for subgrade max. longditudinalgrade % 4 5 type of pavement bituminousconcrete bituminous designload for auto-super20, trailer-120 auto-20. trailer-100 bridges and culverts a Note:The standards for Yan-Xing Highway apply for Yan-Hui Highway. 2. 4 Construction Scale and Major Work Amount 2. 4. 1 Gu-Wang Highway The total mnileageof Gu-Wang Highway is 93. 908km with an estimated cost of 879, 892,900 RMB yuan. The land to be vequisitioned is 7241. 49mu. The first stage construction includes: 1.Guyaozi-Yanchi Section K47+247. 29-K130+500 (with a disconnection of 15. lrm). Subgrage. bridges and passages with total width will be completed at one time; the surface paving will be completed in the following way: the outer lane of both up and down lanes will be paved first (with hard shoulders included) with a width of 7m. The middle part will be left for green belts for the time being. The rest of the work will be for the next stage. 2. Yanchi-Wangquanling Section (K130+500-K140+670,with a length of 10. 170km). Class I , half-width subgrade (14m) will be constructed for the first stage. Major work amount for Gu-Wang is shown in Table 2-4. Table 2-4 Estimated Work Amount for Gu-Wang Highway recommended(north) order iterns unit alignment remarks 1 mileage km 93.908 2 earth work of subgrade km' 5831.02 3 drainage& protection m3 64726.31 4 treatmentof unusual km 2.65 subgrade(desertification) 5 pavement(bituminous) km' 1216.14 6 culvert 128 7 smallbridge m/place 19. 4/1 8 medium-sizedbridge m/place 212. 56/4 9 large bridge m/place 206/1 Huiminxiangguo 10 interchange place 3 Guyaozi,Gaoshawo, Yanchi 11 gradeseperation place 2 12 passage place 73 includinggrazing passages 13 flyover place 10 14 land used mu 7241.49 15 administrativeagency place 2 Gaoshawo,Yanchi 16 toll station place 4 Guyaozi,Gaoshawo ,Yanchi 17 servicecentre place 2 Guyaozi,Yanchi 18 funding (10,000yuan) 87989.29 2. 4. 2 Yan-Xing Highway The total mileage of Yan-Xing Highway is 250. 78km with an estimated cost of 472, 038,600 yuan. The land used is 3335. 06mu. The major construction work is as follows. 1. Yanchi -Huianbao Section (KO+ 000 -OOK89+ 244 with 3. 109km of disconnection included) is 86. 14km long. It is a project of improvements to the existing highway (Yanchi -Maerzhuang KO+000-K63+ 700) and new construction (Maerzhuang-Huianbao K63 +700-K89+244). 2. Huianbao-Taoshankou Section (K89+244-K197+500), with a length of 108. 25km is of a paving project. 3. Taoshankou'-Haojiaji (destination) (K197+500-K253+ 890) with a length of 56. 39km is of recapping project by using the existing national highway 109. See Table 2-5 for the major work amount of Yan-Xing Highway. .7.- Table 2-5 EstimnatedWork Amount for Yan'-Xing Highway order items unit amount remarks 1 mileage km 250. 78 2 subgradeearthwork lOOOm' 2081.98 3 mortar schistside ditch m3 23520 4 protection m3 19507.29 5 pavement m1 2979622 bituminousconcrete 186 of new construction,with 172 for 6 culvert place 469 Yan-Hui sectionincluded 7 smallbridge m/place 473. 63/23 with one crossingover YellowRiver Irrigation Canal, new constructionfor Yan-Hui Section . mediumbridge m/place 663/11 two, one for Yan-Hui section, with the other 8 mediumbridge rn/place 663/11 for Huitaosection, new construction 9 levelcrossing place 4 10 grade separation place 2 fliesover G211 road, new construction 11 land requisitioned mu 3335.06 Yan-Hui Section 12 cost estimated 10,000yuan ab. 47203. 86 2. 5 Inplementation Scheme For detailed implementation scheme for the project, see Table 2-6. Table 2-6 Implementation Scheme scheme Gu-Wang Highway Yan-Xing Highway construction comencesin July, 1998, completedin July, commencesin July, 1998, completed in schedule 2001, with 3 year constructionduration duration 1.total cost: 879,892,900 yuan 1. total cost 472,038,600 yuan 2.US S 40,000,000 (332,000,000 yuan) 2.US S 10,000,000 (83,000,000 yuan) funding from WB loan from WB loan source 3. 366,440,000 yuan of allowancefrom the 3. 223,812,800 yuan of allowancefor the source MOC. MOC 4. the remaining part raised by the 4. the remaining part raised by the autonomonsregion itself autonomasregion itself *8- 3 General Introduction to the Existing Environment in the Study Area 3. 1 Natural Environment Geographycally,Ningxia Region is locatedin the middlelatitute inland area of the north semisphere,being far from the sea. It rains scarecdythanks to the weak S-E monsoon. Consequenty,this regionsuffers drought and severenatural eonditions. 3. 1. 1 LandFeatures The land in Ningxiais dividedinto 6 topographicalunits: Helan mountainouslands, Yinchuan plain, Lingyan Terrace, Ningzhong mountainouslands and plains among mountains,Ningnan loess hills and Liupanmountainous lands. The alignmentof Gu - Wang Highwaygoes in the LingyanTerrace (Lingwu and Yanchi)of the Erdos gentlelight rollingareas. whileYan-Xing Highwaygoes in both the LingyanTerrace and Ningzhongmountainous lands and plainsamong mountains. See Fig. 3 -1 for detail. *4b Lw the propoeat Gu-Wg h4Lhway nhe Yellow Rvec oW/ 't-*^ul! / ill1 Landforms Distribution the poepd Yan-XIn bigh . Hl n' M.ch rion. YR) Zhoagwel-D \& m Ybdn plains ~~~$ W ~~~~~~~~~Ln-Yen beach ^> r ~N Thoaxngntnt w Momitahom regiont and &~~~'~~; tct"a I *ramutlnoo pbain bmthe ~>9) '-¢UttE-\TonO ZiIIIl[n n mIddlW rtof the NInea \ 'V ]3 Southr.n hUli tn NMngd. * X I . ) [ Wt I Lnan Moauntnbtlr on .!%GayanLatdfnom boundary Fig. 3-1 Topographyin Ningxia .9. 1. Lingyan Terrace Lingyan terrace is characterised by undulated iands with flats or wide valleys. There are plenty of sand dunes and salt lakes. Average elevation is 1300-1500m. 2. Ningzhong mountainous lands and flats amoung mountains The route goes from northeast to southwest passing throuth Hongsibao plain, Luoshan & Yantongshan mountainous lands, Qingshuihe Plain, Xiangshan mountainous lands and finally, Xingren plain. The mean altitude of these areas is 1400 - 2300m. The average altitute of some flats among the mountains is 1300-1800m. 3. 1. 2 Climatic Features Ningxia Region lies in the inland, being far from seas, and on the eastern edge of the monsoon belt of China, forming a typical continental climate. The climatic features are: long and cold winter, short hot summer, short warm spring and fall comes early; it is dry and rains seldom, with plenty of sunshine, great evaporation and strong winds with sand, causing disasters frequently. The major natural disasters are: drought, frost injury, hails, rainstorms, strong winds and xerothrmic winds, with drought and sand - blowing heading the list. In the middle area in Ningxia, the annual mean temperature is 8 9 C. The average annual precipitation is 212 - 300mm concentrated in July, August and September. The annual average evaporation is 2000-2100mm, 7-9 times of rainfull. The annual average wind velocity is 2. 0-3. Om/s. There are strong winds and sandstorms in winter and spring. 3.1.3 Soil In the part where there the road lies in, sierozem, desert, grey soil can be found mostly in some terraces and highlands or diluvial plains. Linyan Terrace is characterized by wind- blown sandy soil. Obviously, the soil here is loose and not fertile, with only 1% of organic matter. 3. 1. 4 Water Regime and Surface Water Lingyan area is located in the dividing belt of Yellow River System and inland water system with no passing surface runoff or ground water for water supply. Gu - Wang Highway passes over only two seasonal gullies namely Shijingzi and Huimingxiang Water sources are very scarce here. 10- The branches of the Yellow River through which the route passes are Kushui River and Qingshui River ( first level branches ). The Qingshui River originates from Liupan Mountains, then it goes northward and runs into the Yellow River via Ningnan Loess Plateau, Ningzhong mountainous lands and plains amoung mountains. The total length of the river is 320. 2km with sand content of 229kg/m3 . The water in it can not be used as drinking water, or as irrigation water because of high mineralization of 4. 9g/L. While the Kushui River, originating from the hilly lands in Huan County with a lotal length of 223. 8km, and sand content of 352kg/m3 , minearalization of 4. 5g/L. Accordingly, it can not be used as drinking water or for irrigation. There are no drinking water sources and aquatic farming water bodies along the projected route. 3. 2 Ecological Environment 3. 2. 1 Main Features of Ecological Environment For the ecologicaldivision in Ningxia, refer to Fig. 3-2. The road-located area belongs to Xiangshan desert steppe in Yanchi and Tongxin district, an ecological division of desert steppe. The pastures in this area have been deteriorated and desertificated. There are drifting sand dunes and salt lakes in the Lingyan Terrace area. Generally speaking, this area is dominated by disastrous climate leading to a very weak ecological environment. 3. 2. 2 Vegetation 1. Types of vegetation The type of vegetation along the two roads is of "Ningzhong and Ningbei desert steppe "plot and"dry steppe transition plot'. The vegetation here belong to steppe vegetation. Steppe vegetation is the leading part in this region accounting for 79. 5 % of natural vegetation with an area of 39. 003 million mu including 38. 145 million mu of desert steppe and arid steppe, making up 97. 8% of the whole steppe, being the representive one of the vegetation in Ningxia. 2. Forestry According to the forestry planning. the l1ingyuan Terrace is in the scope of the 'Maoysu checking the wind and fixing the shifting dune belt", while Ningzhong area is in the Tongxin and Xiangshan hilly windreak forest belt. (1)Maoysu-wind-checking-sand-fixing tree belt 11 -1 Legends maorrlot lOUeruorn areas IIZ ,Z rnora'1 desertLfkated areas 13| major salLnizated areas n ) major environmentally polluted areas _;5/ evologkally envronment zone 2 boemdary eoologkilly environment boundary | /"t HLodinY _ _ _ ecologlcally environment subboumndry T t/p;t ./ - AridAt". InEed- Pinwa S-ir4 Ar.* ot Mi4 N.C. Ptlins Lose Ptt ua 1 For-t. brt`bmmds and g.Utaed4 In Heden . N2Z'Ari4 Furm and Grast.on Ag-8 in I iForas izath. swhmn Helead idatUine WI1- Arid tat. areas in srothw. -rid I 18rashweds and jpraul.nds In the northern > paseisodl in Y%nToag Ha"n Moeunes IVl Arid fatr ae_s in HaSyua Arid I tDwried 4 u aro4 Sblanjing Otalu//ds I IrrigatedFirae4ds hi NheptaPlaLne IV Arid ters, bkribwna andmt1 smds It irrigated- nM Irrlgnd rotttionin eor ofnto s u n4 entatno2/ / N 4 Aid tam and greadeda to Xa3ifg I girtripgd reas ot north et Yinteon n V Feess d gsacinds tin LiUng I rDwtW rgrassland betere Hoigted Atoir Ueentbu < _| t b~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Lapnt Macktel * Drtttierted gysiabdr in LeU-Yen Bach V 3 Grunda in imnH tnalahsM I z)aeste me" th semmapinea emTeaQl. Sueh Is3 De.dU..t.d P6asslad' 'a Tofg-Xhnpballin SiFnr", tro d greade L Fig. 3-2 Ecological as pnn area- soh p I- Environment in Ningxia Region iasneea,at Wsl-Nhng 12. This belt includes sandy lands in Taole county, Yanchi county and Lingwu county with an area of 14. 078 millionmu. It is one of the key belts of the "3 - north - forest - belt" scheme which started in 1978 and completed in 2050. and the forest coverage rate comes to 2. 47% compared with that of 1. 37% originally. Take Yanchi county as an example, the forest coverage rate now is 8. 85 % because of artificial and aerial afforestation. By 2020, the coverage rate shall be up to 20%. The best afforestation tree species having better economic benefits are bushes like urssianolive, caragana microphylla, korshinsk peashrub, salix mongolica, almond willow, sea-buckthorn, rose willow, and nitraria etc. (2)Tongxin and Xiangshan protection tree belt in hilly lands This belt includes Tongxin County, mountainous areas in Zhongning and Zhongwei and the northern part of Haiyuan County. The total area of the belt covers 18. 134 million mu. The natural conditions are featured by dryness and scareness of rain. Planting trees, therefore, is very difficult, which results in lower forest coverage rate (1. 5%), being the least in the Region. However, according to the plan, it must reach 21% by 2020. It is required that prevention shelter belt be given priority, but cash trees are also planted, such as fruit frees, Chines matrimony-vine and ill trees. 3. Pastures Ningxia has a large area of grasslands making up 58. 2% of the total area of which 39. 003 million mu can be used. The average per capita is 10. 8mu campared with 3. 85mu of the national level, with Yanchi County heading the list followed by Tongxin county, Zhongwei, Haiyuan, Lingwu and Kuguan: The grasslands in the study area fall into dry steppe or desert steppe category. The mean coverage rate of the pasture is 20-50%. 52. 8kg of fresh grass can be used per mu. The major plants growing in these grasslands are stipa breviflora, convolvulus tragacanthoides, oxytropis aciphylla, caragana tibetica, prairia sagework, aiania chillodes, loosestrife, reaumuria soongorica, solsola arbuscula, cynanchum komarovii, harmel, allium polyrrhizum, lespedeaz potaninii, harmel, allium polyrrhizum, lespedeza potanii, liquorice, sophora alopecuroide, thermopsis lanceo lata and flax etc. . 3. 2. 3 Soil Desertification and Drifting Dune Belts Ligyuan Terrace is one of major desertificated areas in Ningxia (see Fig. 3-2). There are two shifting dune belts with a thickness varying from several to 20 meters. The length of the drifting dune belt in the northern part of Lingyan through which Gu-Wang Highway passes is about 50km. The width is 5-lOkm. The length of the Baha drifting dune belt in the middle part of Lingyan through which Yan-Xing Highway passes is about 60km. Its width is 5-15 km. The shifting belts are the sources of sand causing serions damage to the regional traffic, husbandary, farming and production. It is also one of the most major factors of soil desertification. 3. 2. 4 Soil Erosion The report of (Planning of soil and water conservation in Ningxia Autonomous Region) shows that the study area is of arid steppe category, the soil erosion modulus being 200- 2000t/km' * yr. belonging to light water erosion and moderate wind erosion category. * 13 - 3. 2. 5 Wild Fauna Based on the investigation in the study area reptiles are: sand lizard, wall gecko and snakes etc. Mammals are: field voles, ground squirrels, hares and foxes. Birds are: sand pheasants, swallows, tits etc. No rare wild animals are found here. 3. 2. 6 Natural Reserves There are no natural or wild animal reserves since it is a very dry area with poor ecological environment. 3. 3 Social Environment 3. 3. 1 A Survey of Social Economy The directly affected areas by Gu-Wang Highway are Lingwu City and Yanchi County. While those by Yan - Xing Highway are Yanchi County, Tongxin County and Haiyuan County. See Fig. 3-3 for detail based on the data of 94- 96, the survey of the regional economy is shown in Tables 3-1 and 3-2. It can be seen that agriculture is the most leading industry in those areas. The local economy, limited by various factors, is very backward. The farmers and residents are living a hard life. Table 3-1 A Survey of Socio-eccnomy in Gu-Wang Highway Affected Area population land livestock tatic of .amual mean place o tatio of the i forfarmors dr ught fazmers(yuan/ rmark hod tion c ato (mu) (mu/ animals person) cpopulto of Hui persou) ______~~~~~~~~MinorityI __I Ciyaopu Township 1113 21230 5230 8 31830 6.1 21333 648 568. 0 Lingwucity Gaoshawo Township 2609 8964 8375 9 44610 5.3 32830 1931 574.0 Yanchi Chengjiao Township 2630 12517 12278 114 43385 3.5 24407 2494 687.4 County Table 3-2 A Survey of Socio-economy in Yan-Xing Highway Affected Area population land livestock annual taiooftaioof the farmland - - mean towrns or tioo ai*income of place townshins house- popula- agricultural popuiation farm- for draught farmers hold tion population of Hui land famuors animalssheep (yuan/ Minority (mu) mnupen ( % ) (person) I I Chengjia Township 2630 12517 98. 0 0. 90 43385 3. 50 2494 24407 687 Wangleing Township 2348 11494 97. 4 0. 12 70605 6. 39 2409 29063 412 Yanchi Fengjigou Township 1209 6369 85. 9 26. 0 33390 6. 10 1264 14622 535 county Maerzhuang Township 1023 4849 97.0 0 38145 8.03 265 34432 522 Huianbao Town 2325 9261 86. 0 13. 0 69690 8. 74 1710 41779 650 Weizhou Town 5445 22196 90. 0 76. 0 12327C 6.14 3968 66050 494 Shitangou Township 1075 5220 100 99. 7 64290 12.32 1660 28000 494 Tongxi Hexi Town 4703 21617 94.0 93.0 44295 2.19 3692 12307 871 County ____ Hanjiaoshui Township 1980 8934 94. 0 87. 0 63300 7. 58 3134 16000 395 Xialiushui Township 2196 10995 97. 0 99. 8 60240 5.67 2668 20320 389 HCioun Xingren Town 3301 20132 90. 0 2. 2 87695 4. 84 600 * 14* "a-. Ningxia Bii 1 -. ~ T Jr s I Yinchuan (I YnG a~~~~~~~~~~~~~~hg C o. rsPlo.'pcd Gu-%V.,n l' ' iir'g , 'M, -I F 3-3 .*;-ran The ZmacsnHighwayswg Project Areag J G1X0 ;y\t \ \ a~~Fgr 3- s0 sThe*Higwa P sroect nnmpaczXr:_Uxtin Area t 15- 3. 3. 2 Major Infrastructure 1. Highway. Traffic r In the study area there are national trunk lines: 109, 211 and 307; provincial lines: Yin -Ping Highway, Zhong-Jing Highway, local county roads: Yan Hui Road, Ma-Hui Road and Hui - Hing Road. However, there is not a west-east bound highway passing through the widest part in the central Ningxia. It is sustantially important to build Gu- Wang class one highway and Yan-Xing highway due to the fact that the low class and poor capacity of the existing traffic has badly held up the economic growth in this area. Fig. 3-4 show the configurations of Ningxia highway planning. 2. Irrigation Works In the study area there are: Daliushu Yellow River Water Lift Irrigation Canal, Guhai Yellow River Water Lift Irrigation Canal, Yanhuanding Canal and Hongsibao Canal to be developed for the poor-assistance project. See Fig. 3-5. All these canals are benefit-bringing projects for the local people. 3. 3. 3 Cultural Heritage 1. Gu-Wang Highway The projected Gu-Wang Highway will pass through the remains of the Great Wall of Ming Dynasty at Chengjiao Township of Yanchi County (K126+120). For the relationship of the WaLland the highway, see Fig. 5-1. The impact of the highway on the Wall has been analysed. Protection measures towards it have been or will be taken. See 5. 1 for detail. 2. Yan-Xing Highway No cultural relics have been found worthy of protection in the study area. 3. 3. 4 Environmentally Sensitive Spots in the Study Area See Table 3-3 for the number of the sensitive spots. As for their names and locations, refer to EIA and Attached Fig. 1 and 2. Table 3-3 Environmentally Sensitive Spots residentialareas schools hospitals number householdpopulation number teacher students number teacher bed Gu-Wang 6 1684 6387 l hig4hcod 3 175 1164 Yan-Xing 24 4311 21401 1 6 3 ______._ __ _ _ prDim boo[6 174 2825 _ l______ 3. 4 Current Situation of the Living Environment 3. 4. 1 Environmental Quality in the Study Area of Gu-Wang Highway 1. Acoustic environment quality (1) 20m begond National Highway 307, the noise level Leq=5. 87dB at daytime, Leq= 50. 4dB at night which is in conformation with Grade I standards. At a small town (Guyaozi), close to Highway 307, Leq =58. 2dB at daytime, Leq 48. 5dB, which is in conformation with Grade I standards. * 16 - Legends Innovatbn ofPingJw-Ruql R&DBran iror_|Cootroo tbe second line ot diiLJ 1u3 n- Zi ~~~~~single track lIEnt rala nnovuiot o .BSIzMh n yi X S M ,,- , multiple track llneI tel ric Pal =D- e~~~~~~lectricrailway f; iJ, ~=- = ~planned railway trunk highway network Highways to Be Buuit Ding the 9th 5-year plan plannedt highwaly 1 VgHlnj Guyaozi-Wangquinliang 2 ^ _ | [/7i ;fSsinchsn/; , ~~~~~~~~94kmOf _iiiIna eClasOneHlghway j83kMn YaiCu-Yinin-YeshereCeIgaOneHghway (e// 92kmDof W 3g-Z4ongnbag Te Tn d N r in N T7 1r a clan 1 ' :,.EA s mX ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Lingwu-W=hgHgwy ( /Yrsieg ;/' 'i \ 2 <\;,-- t ( | ~~~125=of T ohasn-Hunb ianselw tb : ' 55 P_ oxt n 38im d Xbanihron~~-Cbelu"0cst twtzostsOoa(~~~Pont lFig.3-4 The Trunk Road Network in Ningxia Regionl .17~. .- - .~. , LEGENG ( / ^ jp;>l>,,^gX,,,*f,c/ GX Completed key '.Z< / /,r&Xffi/water contra] works plannedi key \ dSstruct bounda iwatery contral works * distruct boundary !, /-iX 7 (.Yinchumn DM/ / c 1 3 ._/, , imediurn-reservoir Ilrrigated farmFands in Nin3 Irrgai onswors | '~~~~~~~~ > ,_ " "- , 4t+,< \X\\ntt -~~draln area by //X/ Gravity) irrigated\\\\\ A , ~undergroundpipes area \\5\ ) \ \ _ planned irrlgated \ S,, _ ...... _are-a in the near future)s'9'_>/ 18 Well-irrigated area A'^31tIEas N O fonae Planned Dallushu '/\ in thge long ter i Q 4;,\ , e\ \ X planned main canal \.^ g < in the near future .3 In the long termTn(%b4z Prlr s In l;os j s Fig. 3-5 Irrigation works in Ningxia Region (2) In rural areas Leq=440-46dB at daytime, Leq=35-40dB at night which conforms Grade 0 Standards. It is concluded that the acoustic environment along bi-xn'>popnsedr-autes is quite good. 2. Quality of Ambient Air 3 (1) The hourly concentrations of CO are between 0. 625 - 2. 50mg/Nm ; daily concentrations of CO are between 0. 625-1. 88mg/Nm 3 , both in accord with Grade I . (2) The hourly and daily concentrations of No. are between 0. 003-0. 058mg/Nm 3 and 0. 004-0. 032mg/Nm 3 respectively, meeting Grade I of GB 3095-1996. (3) The daily concentrations of TSP(O. 151-0. 811mg/Nm 3 ) all exceed the standards by 40-80% because of wind and sand. 3. Lead contents in soil The sample analysis shows that the lead contents are below 14. 5mg/kg, less than the standards. 3. 4. 2 Environmental Quality in the Study Area of Yan-Xing Highway 1. Acoustic environment quality (1) The noise levels of national and provincial roads at 20m on both sides are Leq= 57. 6-62. OdB(daytime), Leq= 53. 9 -56. SdB(night), basically meeting the standard levels (70dB and 55dB) of Grade 4. At 50m, the levels monitored are:45. 9-56. 6dB and 41. 4- 51. 5dB repectively, meeting Grade 2 basically (60dB and 50dB). (2) In the rural areas the noise levels are: Leq=40. 1 - 55. 3dB (daytime), Leq= 32. 8 -45. ldB(night), in accord with Grade 0-1. (3) At Taoshankou-Haojiaji section of either side of G109 the noise levels are 59. 6- 69. 2dB(daytime), meeting Grade 4, but 53. 1-57. 4dB(night), exceeding the limit by 2. 4dB. However, beyond 60m, they meet Grade 0. 2. Ambient air quality 3 (1) The hourly concentrations of CO is between 0. 625 - 2. 50mg/Nm . the daily average is 0. 625-1. 41mg/Nm 3 , not exceeding Grade I in GB 3095-1996. (2) The hourly and daily average concentrations of NO, are 0. 003-0. 032 mg/Nm 3 and 0. 003-0. 019mg/Nm 3 respectively, meeting Grade I in GB 3095-1996. (3) The daily average of TSP is between 0. 114 1. 005mg/Nm 3 , exceeding the standards by 20-100% because of strong wind and plenty of sand. 3. Lead contents in soil Through sample analysis, the lead content in soil is found between 14. 2-21. Omg/kg, lower the standards. 4. Water environment quality (1) Water sources for drinking and aquatic farming are very scarce. (2) The highway will pass over the Main Yellow River Water Canal for irrigation and drinking at two places (K73+500 and K179+160). According to the cross section data, the quality of the Yellow River is in accord with Grade 3 of GB3838-88. * 19- 4 Social Environmental Benefits and Impact Mitigation Measures 4. 1 Gu-Wang Highway 4. 1. 1 Prediction of Economic Benefit It is viable to construct the highway thanks to notable financial benefits. See Table 4-1 for the predicted benefits resulted from the highway construction. Table 4-1 Predicted Financial Benefits of Gu-Wang Highway (2001-2021) benefits reduction of cost time savinig reductionof accidents total traffic predicted ratio predicted ratio predicted ratio predicted ratio volume value ( ) va'Lue W value ( O) valiue O (1O,000yuan) (10,000yuan) (10,000yuan) (10,000yuan) high 203405 31. 06 440996 67. 34 10458 1.60 654859 100 moderate 157201 28. 77 379703 69.49 9515 1.74 546419 100 low 123308 26.10 340849 72. 16 8222 1.74 472379 100 4.1. 2 Analysis of Socio-economicBenefits The analysis is described as follows: (For detail, see 2. i of EIA): 1. It will play an active role in completion of national trunk line construction and regional highway networks (See Fig. 3-4). It will serve as a traffic artery in commodity circulation as well. 2. It will urge the regional economical grouth, Lingwu and Yanchi in particular. 3. It will help promote the resources development in project-affected areas. 4. It will improve the traffic conditions in the remote and backward areas of Shaanxi, Gansu, Ningxia and Inner Mongolia to help them get out from poverty. Therefore, the proposed highways are great "poor-assistance projects". 4. 1. 3 Regional Economic Benefits 1. The highway construction will employ lots of labour in transportation and manual work. It is estimated that 2,409, 000 days of temporary work force will be used. Assuming that the daily pay of a temporary worker is 18yuan a day, the income will total up to 43,362, 000 yuan during the construction period. 2. Long-term employment such as cleaners, maitenace workers will be provided with the region. 3. Factors, businesses or service centres will be set up at the would-be economic development belts resulted from the highway construction. 4.1. 4 Improvement of Living Environment Quality The National Trunk Highway G307 is a main artery traffic line. It is clear that without Gu-Wang Highway, the whole traffic volume of Gu-Wang Highway would be transferred to G307. (See Table 2-1 for predicted volume). Because of the low capacity and poor conditions, the regional environment will be polluted seriously. So, Gu-Wang Highway will 20 - better the environment along G307. 1. Reduction of noise The traffic volurne of G307 will be reduced by 40% by the construction of Gu-Wang Highway when it is put into operation. In the long term, the traffic volume will be maintained the same as present. So, the noise level on either side of G307 will be reduced by 3 -4dB. If Gu-Wang Highway were not to be constructed, the noise level on either side of G307 will be increased by ab. 2dB (2003), ab. 4dB (2010) and ab. 6dB (2020) at daytime. At night, the figures are ab. 4, 6 and 8 respectively. 2. Improvement of Ambient Air Quality (1) When the traffic volume of Gu-Wang Highway is the same as that of G307, its pollutants in the air will be much less than that of G307. (2) On completion of the new highway. the traffic volume of G307 will be reduced by 40%; CO on either side of G307 will be reduced by 30%; HC will be reduced by about 30%; NO. will be reduced by about 25%. (3) Due to the upgradate of the highways. dust resulting from traffic will become much less. It can be seen that the air quality will be bettered by the construction of Gu - Wang Highway in the study area (the corridor of) Gu-Wang Highway and G307. 3. The number of the people who will gain benefits from bettering environment The distance between Guyaozi and Wangquanling (G307) is about 94km. On both sides along the highway there are sensitive spots: Guyaozi, Huimmxiang, Huimingxiang Primary School, Dongwan Village, Dongwan Primary School, Gaoshawo Town, Gaoshawo Primary School, Gaoshawo High School, Liub Village, Babao and YanchiCountytown. On both sides of the highway, small streets have appeared. G307 has been streetlized at Yanchi County town section. According to the survey, within 200m of G307 the population is about 32,000 (6,387 in the study area of Gu - Wang Highway). On completion of Gu - Wang Highway, it will benefit these 32,000 people by improving their living standard. 4. 1. 5 Impact of Land Requisition and Mitigation Measures The highway construction will use 7241. 49 mu of land. Due to the fact that the land per person along the route is plentiful, the land use will not have any adverse impact on the lile of the tarmers. However, it is very dificult to control desertification of soil. Therefore, farmland, espeeially puddy land, will be given special attention to protect in construction of the highway. For more protection measures of farmland, land requisition and impacts, see 5. 1. 3 of EIA of Gu-Wang Highway. 4. 1. 6 Impact on Infrastructuresand Mitigation Measures 1. Existing roads Gu-Wang Highwaywill be installed with two grade separations and three interchanges. In the course of construction, the existing roads will be impproved, G307 in particular. Impacts on local roads and mitigation measures, are listed in 5. 1. 3 of 5. 6. 2. Protection measures of irrigation ditches and surface runoff One large bridge, four medium-sized bridges. one small bridge and 128 cullverts will be * 21 - built (see Table 2-4) which can ensure smooth running of ditches and runoff. 4. 1. 7 Traffic Severance and Mitigation Measures For the need of grazing, farming and contact of masses, 73 passages, 9 pedestrian flyovers, 2 grade separations and 3 interchanges will be provided with 0. 93 passages per kilometres (1 place per 1. 08km), which can meet the need. 4. 2 Yan-Xing Highway 4. 2. 1 Prediction of Economic Benefits See Table 4 - 2 for the forecast of econoncic benefits of Yan -Xing Highway which imdicates the feasibility of construction due to notable economic benefits. Table 4-2 Predicted Benefits of Yan-Xing Highway(2000-2020) traffic volume high medium low benefits(10,000yuan) 121846.64 100568.6 85350.4 4. 2. 2 Analysis of Socio-economic Benefits The benefits are described as follows (For detail, see 5. 2 of the EIA): 1. Yan-Xing Highway is an east-west bound trunk road passing through the central part of Ningxia; it will complete the road net configuration and improve the transport capacity to a great extent. (See Fig. 3-4). 2. Passing through the central three counties (Yanchi, Tongxin and Haiyuan) which are poor and backward will certainly help them to get out from poverty and, accordingly, become richer by developing their economy fast thanks to the construction of the road. 3. The Irrigation Works by lifting Yellow River water and Yanhuang Irrigation works are of 'a poor-assistance project" in Ningxia. Yan-Xing Highway, passing through the Hongsibao Irrigation Area (See Fig. 3-5 ), will promote the economic growtn in these areas. 4. In the areas where there lies Yan-Xing Highway live Hui people mostly, and in the proposed Hongsibao Irrigation Area, about 400000 poor farmers (most of them are Hui people) will be migrated. The new highway, therefore, will play an active role in the migration and promotion of the econonlic growth. Besides, it will encourage national unity. We can conclude that the construction of Yan Xing Highway will have profound significance. 4. 2. 3 Regional Economic Benefits 1. For construction of the road, 1,766,000 labor days of manual work or transportation will be needed. Supposing an hourly payment is 18 yuan, the total benefit in terms of money will be 31,788,000 yuan. 2. In operation phase, permanent employment such as cleaning and maintenace will be provided. 3. It will bring about some new industries and businesses, both state and private. 4. 2. 4 Improvement of Living Environment Quality If the Yan-Xing Highway should not be constructed, due to the low grade of the road and low capacity, and increased traffic volume, noise, air pollution (TSP in particular) would *22* be much more serious than the predicted levels of Yan-Xing Highway. More sensive spots and people would be affected than No-build option. So, the construction of the Yan-Xing Highway will better the environment much. 4. 2. 5 Impact of Land Requisition and Mitigation Measures 3335. 06mu of the land will be requisitioned for Yan - Xing Highway right-of-way (including improvements to existing roads and new construction). See Table 4-3. Because of the larger area of farmland per person in Wanglejing, Fengjigou, Maerzhuang and Huianbao of Yanchi County (See Table 3- 2), the land use will not have much adverse impact on the regional economy by reducing only 0. 07mu of land per person. Yet, it is better to take as less land as possible for the project in design. Table 4-3 Land use of Yan-Hui Section for Right-of-Way stationarea type of land and amount (mu) total station area l(tota arid puddy forest deserted (mu KO+000-K86+300 Yanchi county 2666.89 56.36 2.10 609. 71 3335.06 4. 2. 6 Impact on Infrastructures and Mitigation Measures 1. Protection measures for Yellow River Irrigation Canals The Yan-Xing Highway passes the Irrigation Canal twice by means of bridge at K73+ 500 and K179+160. The length of the bridge is parallel to the width of the canal (16m). The cross section of the canal is 8m, so smooth running the water can be ensured. To keep the water in canals not to be polluted, the roadside ditches to catch surface runoff will be provided. 2. For protection measures of farmlands irrigation ditches and runoff, 469 culverts (172 new ones for Yan-Hui Road), 23 small bridges (1 new for Yan-Hui Road) and 11 medium bridges (1 new for Yan-Hui Road) have been designed to ensure smooth irrigation ditches and surface runoff. 4. 2. 7 Operation Maintenance and Safety Measures 1. Operation maintenace To maintain normal operation, the following measures will be taken: (1) No buildings shall be permitted to be built within 20m on either side of the road. (2) No business activities shall be allowed to conduct on the road. (3) No garbage, waste or sewage shall be allowed to be dumped or discharged on (or near) the road. (4) No irrigation ditches shall be allowed to dug on the road. (5) Traffic order shall be kept by strengthening management 2. Safety measures Being an ordinary class I and not an enclosed highway, it will have some impact on safety. Therefore, at crossings, schools or villages speed-limit signs will be put up to warn drivers to slow down. * 23 5 Major Impact on Environment and Mitigation Measures 5. 1 Analysis of Impact on Cultural Remains (Great Wall of Miing Dynasty) and Protection Measures 5. 1. 1 The Cultural Remains (Great WVallof Mling Dynasty) The Gu Wang Highway will pass through the Great Wall of iMing Dynasty at Yangjiaquan west of Yanchi Countytown (K1926+120). See Fig. 5- 1 for the relationship between of the alignment and the Wall and other works. The Wall is located north of G307, originating from the east bank of the Yellow River. going eastward till Fengyaojing of Dingbian County of Shaanxi Province. It was built in the tenth year of Jiajing Period of Ming Dynasty (1531 AD). It was founded on the flat sandy soil. In the long course of exposure to the weather and human activities, it has been collapsed or damaged badly with only remains left (See Fig. 5-2). According to the document of Yanchi County Goverment No 144, (1997), the Great wall now is under protection of county level sectionally. The section befween Shiliupu and Wubao is not listed as the protection section because of serious collapse. Through the reconnaissance-level survey by experts, the Yanjiaquan Section through which the highway will pass does not belong to the protection section, Experts claimed that the passage of the highway through the wall will not impact on the protection of it. The county government issued an official letter regarding this. agreeing with passing through the Wall (See Appendix 2). For detail, see 5. 2 of EIA of Gu-Wang Highway. ,. .wz.~~~~~~~., . ~~~~~~~~~~~~~, , .. . , ,,v.. . .. . ~~~~~~~.-.. . . Fig. 5-2 Remains of the Great Wall at Present - 24 WA- ~ - -'37 / ;iur/ Cr 7 -I ' 'j ' 'i A, R/ !\d Fig. 5-1 Distribution of Engineering projects Near The Remains of The Ming Dynasty Great Wall and Place Where Planned Expressway Pass Through The Great Wall *25- 5. 1. 2 Schenic or thie Passage throaigh the Great Wall A demonstration on varions locations and modes of passage has been carried out. See 5. 2 of EIA of Gu-Wang Highway. 1. Location of passage On the basis of demonstration, there is no No Pass Scheme. A greater opening at Yanjiaquan (KI26 + 120) has been chosen as the most suitable place to pass throuigh the remains of the Wall. 2. Modes of passing the Wall (1) Flying over by means of bridge Based on demonstration, the cost of the bridge would be as high as 64, 000,000 yuan for a 600m-long bridge. The great amount of borrow for embankments will do damage to the environment. Therefore. this scheme is not rational both technically and financially. (2)Passing through by means of underpass Based on demonstration, an underpass (tunnel with a length of 800m and a width of 28m would be needed, which would cost 68. 000, 000 yuan, This scheme is not feasible because of huge amount of work. A mountain of spoil would be harmful to ecology. Besides, it would be difficult to drain the water in the tunnel. (3) Passing through the remains of the Wall Based on demonstration, passing through the remains at a greater opening at Yangjiaquan (K126+120) is the optimal scheme for the folowing reasons: this section is not under protectioni by passing through it at a greater opening it will not make any impact on the Wall as a whole. It can be seen that it is viable both technically and economically. 5. 1. 3 Potential Impact on the Great Wall Because of the fact that the proposed route will pass through the remains of the Wall which is not under protection program, it will not bring about any obvious impact or do any damage to its historical or economic value. 5. 1. 4 Protection Measures 1. Meastires during design phase (1) The excavation amount will be reduced by moving the passage eastward by about 100m at a greater opening. (2) The excavation cross section will be reduced by increasing the included angle of the route and the Wall. The above two measures have been included in design. 2. Protection measures during the construction phase are included in 5. 6. 8 of 5. 6. 5. 2 Impact on Ecological Environnmentand Mitigation Measures 5. 2. 1 Impact on vegetation 26 1. Impact elements and the amount 2 The vegetation along the road will be undermined by the such factors as right-of-way, sites for subgrade borrow and spoil, construction temporary roads, mixing sites and construction camps. Based on the design data, the impact degree is listed in Table 5-1. Table 5-1 Impact on Vegetation land borrow sites spoil sites temporary road requisitioned (mu) (mu) land take remark ______(m u) (m u) Gu-Wang 7241. 49 1960. 0 589.1 deserted land will be used for Yan-XingYa .Xn (Yan--Hui3335.Section) 06 (Yan-Hui 316.Section) 8 517.51.6borrow 6 temporaryand use 2. Analysis of Impact on vegetation Due to the fact that the two highways are located in the ecology of deserted steppe, the damaged soil will be desertificated easily, and as a result, the pasture will be deteriorated causing irreversible effect. The only way to prevent the soil from being desertificated is to preserve and restore them. 5. 2. 2 Measures for Subgrade Protection and Prevention from Soil Desertification The most effective way to protect subgrade and prevent the soil-from being desertificated is to plant forest belts and protect vegetation (including vegetation restoration). 1. Subgrade protection tree belts The section (K53+500-K98+500) of Gu-Wang Highway lies in the area of drifting dunes (See Fig. 3-2), 14. 56km of it suffering from sand disaster. while two sections (K23 +800-K80+400 and K89+832-K100I+932) of Yan-Xing Highway lies in the Baha drifting dunes in the central Lingyan, 38. 79km of them suffering from sand disaster. To control and check the disaster, forest belts have been designed on both sides of the related sections. To get better effect, straw-obstacle plant belts are proposed to be adopted. In the 3 -5 years' time, due to biological effect, fixed or semi-fixed sandy fields will be formed. In Ningxia, the drifting dunes move forward at a speed of 6. 0-7. 8m a year. The width of the belts must be 50m windward and 30m leeward. The area of forest belts is listed in Table 5- 2. 2. Plantantion within right-of-way Plantation within right-of-way is aimed at preventing soil erosion of suhgrade, beautifying the scenery along the road and compensating for the loss of vegetation. See Table 5-2 for detail. 3. Vegetation restoration On completion of the construction, borrow sites, material yards, mixing sites, access roads and other temporary land shall be cleared up for plantation. See Table 5-2 for detail. The protection forest belts will be formed by afforestation within*right-of-way, subgrade forest belts and plantation restoration which will bring about enormous economic and social benefits. 27 - Table 5-2 Plantation Area of the Highways area requirements type of plantation Gu-Wang H. YanXing H of plantation objectives ab. 800mu drought enduring sob 1. compensation for right-of-way 2970. 5mu (Yan-Hui for slope; beyond toe: vegetation loss Section drought enduring 2. prevention from bushes soil erosion vegetation restoration 1960. Omu 316. 8mu of borrow sites drought 1. prevention from durogh soil desertification vegetation restora- endurng 2. prevention from tion of temporary 589. lmu 517. 6mu bushes soil erosion land use to plant protection 1. prevention from subgrade protection 1747. 2mu 4654. 8mu forests according to sand disaster tree belts Afforestation Tech 2. improvement of Specifications ecosystem total 7266. 8mu 6289. 2mu Note: Plantation shall be conducted as soon as the project is finished, the design of which must be made by specialists in afforestation. 5. 2. 3 Vegetation Protection Measures during Construction Phase The Xingshan Deserted Area (Lingyan Terrace in particular) of Yanchi County and Tongxin County is characterized by drought, plenty of sand and strong wind. Therefore, it is substantially important to prevent soil from being desertificated. Its vegetation protection measures are listed in 5. 6. 4 of 5. 6. 5. 2. 4 Impact on Soil Erosion and Mitigation Measures 1. Analysis of soil erosion during construction phase According to soil erosion zoning, the alingnment area belongs to semi-arid steppe of moderate wind erosion and light water erosion with an erosion modulus of 200-20OOt/km 2 D yr. Based on forecast, the erosion strength during the construction phase will be 7. 5 times and 5. 0 times as compared to the existing levels of Gu - wang Highway and Yan - Xing Highway respectively. See 5. 4 and 6. 2 of the EIA of Gu - Wang and Yan - Xing individually. 2. Preventron measures of soil erosion (1) Highway drainage works To ensure stable subgrade and prevent soil erosion, reliable drainage works have been designed. (2) Subgrade protection works To prevent subgrade water and wind erosion, mortar block retaining walls, mortar schist slopes and stone square network slopes have been designed. Some other supplementary measures of plantation have been also considered. (See Table 5-3). (3) Subgrade sand-fixing tree belts 28 - In the areas of drifting dunes, for both highways, subgrade protection tree belts have been incorparated to prevent sand encroachment (See Table 5-2). (4) Sand-checking belts Sand-checking belts are used to protect green belts and highway protection belts on either sides during the construction phase and early phase of operation. They will be set up in the front of drifting dunes to prevent dunes from going forward. Table 5-3 Subgrade Protection and Estimated Cost measures stone slops . fraeok groutedstone protection anti-sand cs highway grameworp net slopes wall and wind (10,000yuan) hlghway\ grass slops Gu-Wang 308905.00m 2 12149.28m' 42550.20m2 3470m 1644.07 Yan-Xing 16487.61m 3 3019.68m 3 8744.Oom 8744m 2092.73 (5) Gentle slopes for subgrade According to 6. 9 in {Highway Subgrade Design Specifieations) (JTJ 013 - 95), fill slope of highways is 1 : 2. 0- I: 4. 0;cut slope 1 : 2. 5-1 : 4.0 (1: 4.0 in areas of shifting dunes). (6) Borrow sites and protection * Borrow shall be centralized. * Borrow sites shall be located on leeward hills. Depth of borrow sites shall be the same or a litlle bit lower than ground level. And the slope of the site shall be gentle for plantation. * As soon as borrow work is over, plantation must be made to restore vegetation. (7) Protection measures of plantation As afforestation is an effective measure to prevent soil erosion, it must be conducted as follows considering the regional features: * All the areas damaged by construction activities except permanent structures shall be restored for plantation of vegetation. * At the wind erosion areas, the lower I of the slope shall be planted with erosion 3 enduring bushes such as hedy sarum scoparium, populus, psamochloa villosa and caragana korshinskilete. * When the height of embankments and cuttings is less than 3m, the lower part of 1 will be planted with drought enduring bushes, while the upper part-drought enduring sobs or bushes to conserve soil and beautify the landscape. When the height is more than 3m, the 1 lower part of 3 shall be protected by means of mortar stones or stohe squares, or by greening as an auxiliary means. The upper part-sobs. * When the slope height of cuttings exceeds the standards, terraced slopes will be adopted. A terrace will be provided every 2-3m. The width of the terrace will not be less than 1. 5m on which bushes will be planted. But on the slope, sobs or bushes will be planted. 50% - 70% of soil erosion will be mitigated by all the measures metioned above, like - 29 - subgrade protection works, drainage works and forest belts. In 3 -5 years of operation, the soil erosion strength will b refurn back to the original state prior to construction. With the increase of time, the green corridors along the route will control and check wind-sand erosion to improve ecologicalenvironment. 5. 2. 5 Analysis of Impact of Lead Accumulation in Soil during Operation See Table 5-4 for detail. The table shows that the lead particles from vehicle exhaust gases will hardly make any impact on soil quality with the use of lead-free petrol, the lead contents will be less than the predicted levels. Table 5-4 Lead Predicted Accumulation on Both Sides of Highways highwayPb stardard ~ PH Pb accumulatedlevels (mg/kg) highway soilP)H (mg/kg)rd . (mg/kg) 2010 2020 Gu-Wang 8.08 350 15. 34-15. 98 17.25-18. 56 Yan-Xing 8.28 350 14. 79-21. 83 16. 27-23. 09 5. 3 Impact on Acoustic Environment and Mitigation Measures 5.3.1 Gu-Wang Highway 1. Predicted levels of ambient noise in the study area See Table 5-5 for noise levels and levels beyond the standards at the sensitive spots of Gu-Wang Highway. Table 5-5 Predicted Noise Levels at Sensitive Spots in Study Area predictedlevels & levelsbeyond senstivpoldist. from the standardsL.,(dB) order station spots tion centre 2003 2010 2020 measures (in) day night day night day night_ suitable 64.2 57. 2 66.3 58. 7 67.5 60. 7 measures 1 K48+150 Guyaozi 127 40 will be taken in 0 2. 2 0 02. 2 3.73. 7 0 5. 77 theof construction secondstage 2 K53+500 Huiminxiang 130 120 55.2 47.9 58.9 50.0 60.4 52.0 2 K53±500Huiminxiang 130 120 -a--- 0 1 0 0 3 K61+75Dongwan 2800 180 53.1 44.5 55.2146.2157.2 47.6 Village ___0 0 0 0 0 0 54.7 46.4 56.4 48. 1 58.4 49.8 4 K90+200 Gaoshawo 1500 150 0 0 0 0 0 53. 1 44.2 55. 2 45. 7 57. 3 47.7 5 K128+180 Wubao 600 180 - 0 -0 70- 0 0 0 0 0 0 52.4 43.3 52.9 43.7 55.1 45.3 6 K131+220 Beiguanzi 1230 200 0 0 0 0 0 0 Note:Predictionpoint is at im before the windowsof first row of the building.The same is in the followingtables. 30 2. Impact assessment of acoustic environment (1) Traffic noise will have no notable impact on environment by avoiding sensitive villages and towns and other sensitive spots. (2) The noise at night at Guyaozi exceeds the standards a little in short-term and med- term operation. But in 2020 the levels will exceed the standards by 5. 7dB, disturbing residents. 3. Mitigation measures for impact on acoustic environment Noise monitoring will be conducted at Guyaozi. Suitable measures will be taken in the second stage of construction. Yard walls are suggested to be built for the first row buildings. 5. 3. 2 Yan-Xing Highway 1. Predicted levels of ambient noise in the study area See Table 5-6 for noise levels and levels beyond the standards at sensitive spots during operation phase. Predicted Noise Levels at Schools and Hospitals Table 5-6a and Prevention Measures noise levels & levels distance beyond standards L.,(dB) order sensitive spots population from road measures centre (m) 2002 2010 2020 day night day night day night_ Shitangwo Prim. 162 32 56.8 47.8 59.6 50.6 62.5 53.6 yard walls 1 Schoi 162 32 300m X 3m School0 0 0 O. 6 2. 5 3. 6 after 2002 Majiahewang Prim. 51. 8 42.8 54.6 45. 6 57.5 48. 6 existing walls 2 School 143 30 0 0 0 0 0 0 educed by 5. Odl 3 Hanjiaoshui High 20 60. 4 52. 2 63. 5 55. 3 65. 1 56. 9 yard walls School 3 376 20 0. 4 2.2 3.5 5.3 5.1 6.9 500~~~~~~~~SOmX3mafter 2002 4 Hanjiashui Prim. 1077 60 54. 0 44. 9 56. 4 45. 8 57. 9 47. 3 noise School 0 0 0 0 0 0 monitoring Xialiushui High 243 60 54. 0 44. 9 56. 4 45. 8 57. 9 47. 3 School 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 Xialiushui Prim. 50 54. 6 46. 0 57. 7 47. 6 59. 3 49.1 6 ~~School 120 o o o o 0 7 Xingren High 920 180 44.6 34.4 46.1 36.2 48.7 38.7 existing walls School 0 0 0 0 0 0 8 Xingten prim. 1060 170 45.0 34.8 46.5 36.7 49.1 39.3 existing waUls School 0 o o o o .0 Haojiaji Prim. 49.4 38. 9 51. 4 40. 2 54. 0 42. 8 9 ~ Sho School 430 80… ~~~~0…… 0 0 0…- 0 0 existing wails 10 Xialiushui staff:6 60 53.2 45.1 56.3 45.7 58. 9 48.3 Hospital bed3 0 0 0 0 0O O 31 - Table 5- 6b PredictedNoise Levelsat Towns and Villagesand PreventionMeasures -noiselevels & levels distance beyond standards L (dB) order sensitive spots population from road 2002 2010 2020 measures centre (m) day- night day night day- night- 1 Shengiing 630 20 60. 3 51. 6 62. 5 54.2 65. 3 56. 6 Village 630 0 0 0 1. 6 measures taken 2 Bianjiwa2 Bianjiwa 1165 30 59.0 0 49.50 61.00 51.0 7 63.30 54.0 ______monitoredlevels 3 Zhengjiabaozi 1980 60 52.6 42.6 55.2 45.0 57.7 47.7 ____ ~~0 0 0 0 0 0 4 Guengtan 520 30 59. 0 49. 5 61. 0 51. 7 63. 3 54. 2 4 Guangtan 520 30 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 Qianjitan 248 30 59. 0 49.5 61.0 51.7 63.3 54.2 5 Qianjitan 248 30 0 0 0 0 0 0 55.1 45.6 57.7 48.0 59.8 49.7 6 Jierzhuangzi 63 50 ~0 0 0 0 0 0 49.3 39.6 51.7 41.2 54.7 43.5 7 Fenghuangliang 76 80 0 0 0 0 0 0 59.7 50.7 61.9 53.3 64.4 55.6 8 Gongerzhuang 117 20 0 0 0 0 0 0. 6 9 Xueganzi 384 80 49. 9 39. 7 52. 7 42.1 55. 8 44.6 Village ______0 0 0 0 0- 0 10 Bacunzhuang 102 10 49.2 38.3 51.3 40.4 54.3 43.0 0 0 0 0 0 11 Guandian 147 30 56. 8 47. 8 59. 6 50.6 62. 5 53. 6 Village 14I3 0 0 0 60 *0~* 12 Lianyi Village 1087 30 56.8 47.8 59.6 50.6 62.5 53.6 ____ ~~0 0 0 0 0 0 13 Majiahewang 146 20 59. 0 50. 8 61. 8 53.6 64. 8 56. 6 measures taken 13 146 20 - -- -based on Village 0 0 0 0 1.6 mntrdlvl 14 Xinmajiahewang 1400 30 56. 8 47. 8 59. 6 50.6 62.5 53.6 14 Village 1030 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 Wufengtai 560 30 58.2 49.2 61.3 52.3 62.9 53. 9 .______0 0 0_ 0 0 Hanjiashui 58.2 49.2 61.3 52.3 62.9 53. 9 noise 16 Village 878 30 0 0 0 ,0 0 0 monitoring 55. 2 45. 9 57. 7147,6 59.3,49.1 17 Xinzhuang 1307 50 0 40 0 470 0 420 18 Datanchuan 1593 30 58.2 49.2 61.3 52.3 62.9 53.9 18 0 0 0 0 0 0 56.9 48.9 59. 0 49.3 60.6 50.9 19 Baiquanzi 1171 40 O- 0 0 0 0 O 53. 3 43. 7 56. 4 45.8 57.9 47.3 20 Duanjiashang 1487 60 0 0 0 0 0 0 62.3 56. 2 64. 5 57.7 65. 8 58. 7 measures taken 21 Dongtah 604 20 6235- - -. 77 585. basedon 0 1. 2 0 2. 7 6 3. 7 monitored levels 69. 7 58. 2 70. 2 59.5 70. 6 60. 2 exceeding 22 Xingren Town 2900 20 0 3. 0.2 4.5 0.6 5.2 levels by 2. 4 dB 00 23. 24. 5 . 6 S. 2 at night 55. 0 46.2 57.6 47.5 60. 2 50.11 23 Lijiazhuan 404 50 0 0 0 0 - 0-- 62. 3 56. 2 64. 5 57. 7 65. 8 58. 7 measures taken 24 Haojiaji 2432 20 - -based on 24 Haojiaji20 24320 1. 2 0 2. 7 0 3. 7 monitored levels * 32 2. Impact assessment of acoustic environment (1) Because of light traffic volume and low speed, there will not be obvious acoustic impact at sensitive spots during operation phase of Yan-Xing Highway with a level of Grade I 30m away from the road, 40m away Grade II. (2) Traffic noise will have some impact on schools in the study area making the levels at Shitangou Primary School and Hanjiashui Junior High School exceed the standards. 3. Mitigation Measures for impact on acoustic environment (1) Yard walls 300 X 3m and 500 X 3m will be provided with the above mentioned schools, by means of which noise can be reduced by 5-8dB. (2) At Dongtang Haojiaji and other towns or villages closer to the roads, environmental monitoring will be tightened. If necessary, suitable measures will be taken. (3) The distance of new buildings from the road shall be limited. The housing planning for migrants in Hongsibao District shall be controlled. New houses will be >40m from the road for safety. (4) At densely populated villages (Fengjiguo, Xinmaiiahewang, Hanjiashui and Xingren Town ete. ) and schools (Shitangou Primary Shool, Xinmaiiahewang Primary School, Hanjiashui Junior High Shool and Elementary School ete. ) 'no-horning marks" shall be installed. 5. 3. 3 Impact of Noise and Mitigation Measuresduring ConstructionPhase See 5. 6. 1 of 5. 6 for detail. 5. 4 Imnact on Ambient Air and Mitigation Measures 5. 4. 1 Operation Phase 1. Gu-Wang Highway According to prediction, the concentrations of CO and NO. in the study area during the operation phase (2003-2020) are in conformation with Grade I in (Standards of Ambient Air Quality) GB 3095-1996, making scarcely any impact on air quality along the route. See 5. 6 of EIA of Gu-Wang Highway. 2. Yan-Xing Highway According to predietion, the concentrations of CO and NO, in the study area during the construction phase (2002 - 2020) are in conformation with Grade I in (Standards for Ambient Air Quality) GB 3095-1996, making searcely any impact on air quality along the route. See 7. 2 of EIA of Yan-Xing Highway. 5. 4. 2 ConstructionPhase The mitigation measures of construction phase are listed in 5. 6. 2 of 5. 6. 5. 5 Impact on Water Environmentand Mitigation Measures 5. 5. 1 Gu-Wang Highway during Operation Phase The majorpollutants will come from domestic sewage in the service centres. For the first 33 * stage, only toll stations and power supply facilities will be provided. Other service facilities such as restaurants and shops will be set up in the second stage. The small amount of sewage from toll stations will be disposed of in the septic tanks, and solid garbage will be carried away in cans. 5. 5. 2 Yan-Xing Highway during Operation Phase 1. Impact on surface runoff and mitigation measures The alignment passes over Yanhuanding Yellow River Irrigation Canal at Maerzhuang (K73+500) and Daliushu Yellow River Irrigation Canal at Shitangou (KI79+160). To prevent the canals from being polluted, drainage ditches are used to catch runoff. 2. Sewage from service centres No other services will be installed except small toll stations for an ordinary class I highway. The small amount of sewage will be disposed of in septic tanks and solid garbage will be carried away in dustbin. 5. 5. 3 Impact on Water Environment during Construction Phase See 5. 6. 3 of 5. 6 for detail. 5. 6 Major Environmental hnpact and Mitigation Measures during Construction Phase 5. 6. 1 Noise Impact and Mitigation Measures 1. Noise-producing machinery shall not be allowed to work at night (22: 00 6: 00) at densely residential areas. 2. Hearing protection for construction workers will be provided such as ear plugs or helms. Their working hours must be arranged properly. 3. Material transportation vehicles must avoid traffic peak h6urs to reduce traffic jam and interference to residents. 4. To reduce noise, material yards shall be 100m or beyond from sensitive spots. 5. The builders shall get permision about working hours from schools exposed to construction noise from large machinery (spreaders or such things). 5. 6. 2 Impact on Ambient Air and Mitigation Measures during Construction Phase 1. Measures to reduce construction dust (1)By spaying water, dust may be reduced. But in this area water is very scarce, so only at residential areas and construction sites this work can be done appropriately. (2)Lime and ash mixing sites must be located 100m beyond sensitive spots. (3) Powder materials such as cement, lime shall be transported in cans, bags, not in bulk. Stockpiles and storage areas shall be covered. (4)Transport vehicles with earth, sand and stones shall not be overloaded to mninimize spills. 2. Prevention measures against asphalt fumes (1)Asphalt mixing sites shall be located at least 300m from sensitive sites on the leeside 34 - of the wind direction. (2) Asphalt mixing equipment will be fitted with dust collection facilities to guarantee Grade I emission standard in (Asphalt Pollutants Emission standards)(asphalt tarS150mg/ m3 ), GB4916-85. 5. 6. 3 Impact on Water Environment and Mitigation Measures during Construction Phase 1. Domestic sewage and dung shall be treated in the septic tanks with brick inner walls to fertilize the soil. Domestic garbage shall be cleared up timely, or fermented as manure. 2. Harmful materials such as asphalt, cement or ashes shall not be stored near the canals or wells to prevent from scouring into water bodies. 3. Production waste water will not be discharged into irrigation channels. Evaporation tanks shall be provided when necessary and they will be filled out when construction work is over. 4. During construction, waste asphalt, construction garbage or other waste materials will not be stockpiled on the site. They must be disposed of properly. 5. 6. 4 Vegetation Protection to Avoid Soil Desertification 1. The alignment shall to pass through the woods by detouring them on the outer edges as much as possible. 2. Borrow shall be centralized and not use forest land. 3. Material yards and mixing sites shall not encroach forest land. Trees beyond righ-of- way shall be forbidden to be cut. 4. Construction camps shall not be set up in forest lands. Workers will be told not to cut trees as fuel. 5. Workers are forbidden to dig licorice roots. 5. 6. 5 Land Resources Protection 1. Borrow and cutting shall be balanced as much as possible to reduce borrow amount. 2. On completion of construction, the borrow sites shall be cleared up for plantation and reclamation. 3. Material yards, mixing sites and access roads and other kinds of temporary land use shall not use farmland. On completion of construction, all temporary land taken shall be cleared up and loosened for plantation and vegetation restoration. 5. 6. 6 Impact on Existing Local Roads and Mitigation Measures 1. Material transport activity time shall be controlled; no or less transport during peak hours to reduce noise, pollution and traffic accidents. 2. No overload of construction material is permitted when transported to avoid spill. 3. Damaged roads shall be repaired timely during or after construction activities, or be compensated for. 4. The disrupted traffic by construction shall be connected by building temporary access roads to existing roads. 5. Section of Huianbao Haojiaji and section of Huianbao - Taoshankou of Yan - Hui * 35 - Highway are of paving sections or improvements to G109. To ensure normal traffic, the following measures are to be taken: (1) It will be constructed by section. (2) Half-width construction model will be used. (3) Traffic wardens will be posted at both construction ends to avoid traffic jams. 5. 6. 7 Safety 1. Material transport vehicles shall avoid peak hours to reduce traffic congestion and accidents. 2. A safety person will be responsible for safety. A remarkable warning line will be used to keep residents and cattle away from construction sites. 5. 6. 8 Protection Measures of Cultural Remains (Great Wall of Ming Dynasty) 1. The excavated spoil shall be put on the remains of the Wall and compacted properly. 2. No borrow shall be allowoed within 80m from the Wall. No human activities like building cooking stoves will be permitted. 3. If cultural relics are found, the local authority shall be informed of such discovery, and excavation shall be stopped until permission is got to resume. 5. 6. 9 InpactAnalysis of MaterialYards 1. Gu-Wang Highway (1) Stones: come from Heishantao Quarry, Shijingzigou Quarry and Huiminxiang Quarry. The everage haulage distance is 15-20km by using G307. (-2) Sand: comes from Shijingzigou Quarry, Huiminxiang Quarry, Qingshuiying Quarry. (3)Earth: comes from 19 borrow sites, most of which are located on or nearby the line location. See Attached Fig. 3. All the Material Yards are 100m beyond sensitive spots. 2. Yan-Xing Highway (1) Stones: 3 quarries for Yan Hui Section. 7 quarries for Hui - Hao Section. The average haulage distance is 20-50km using access transport means. (2)Sand: 4 quarries for Yan-Hui Section with an average distance of 10. 7km. Some large gullies or alluvial flats can be used for Hui-Hao Section. (3)Earth: comes from small centralized borrow sites along Yan-Hui Section. See Attached Fig. 4 for more information about the quarried mentioned above. All of the quarries are 100m beyond sensitive spots, making no obvious impacts. Stones and sands are purchased, the cost for which include expenses for environment control cost. 5. 7 Major Environmental Inpact and Mitigation Measures during Operation Phase as Summary 5. 7. 1 Prevention Measures of Environmental Impact Prevention measures for both Gu-Wang and Yan-Xing highways are listed in Table 5 * 36 v -7. With these measures, the impact can be eliminated or reduced to a minimum. Table 5-7 Major Environmental Prevention Measures during Operation Phase environmen- highway environmental measures target tal issues Gu- 1. Noise monitoring at Guyaozi. In second stage, the first rows of noise reduced Wang buildings will provided with yard walls 60 X 2. 5m' by 3-5dB noise 2. Yard walls 300m X 3m for Shitangou Primary School noise reduced Yan- 3. Yard walls 500mX 3m for Hanjiaoshui J. High School by 5-8dB Xing 4. Noise monitoring at Shengjing Village, Majiahewang, Dongtan and Xingren Town. Suitable measures if necessary 5. At K73+ 500 and K179+ 160 where the route passes over irrigation canals, ditches are provided to protect canal water Water Yan- quality Water Xing -______environ- 6. Small amount of sewage from toll stations will be disposed of in ment septic tanks; soild garbage is carried away in cans to protect water Gu- 7. Small amount of sewage from toll stations will be disposed of in environment Wang septic tanks; solid garbage is carried away in cans 8. 2970. 5 mu of green project within righ-of-way wind/sand Gu- 9. 2549. 1 mu of borrow sites and temporary land use will be to protect encroach- Wanb restored for plantation subgrade, to ment soil 10. 1747. 2 mu of subgrade forest belt set up improve ecological erosion 11. 800 mu of green project within right-of-way (Yan-Hui environment, soil Scin tesertifi- Yxan 12. 834. 4mu of borrow sites and temporary land use will be to better cation Xing restored for plantation scenery 13. 4654. 8mu of subgrade forest belt set up 5. 7. 2 Management Measures of Noise Control 1. Within 50m of Gu-Wang Highway, no new houses are allowed to be built; within 100m, no new schools and hospitals are allowed to be built. 2. Development planning will be controlled along Yan-Xing route, Hongsibao District in particular. No permanent buildings will be allowed to be set up within 40m from the road. No-horning marks shall be set up at densely peopled villages or towns (like Bianjiwa, Xingmajiahe, Hangjiaoshui and Xingren Town) and schools (like Shitanguo Primary School, Xinmajiahewan Primary School, Hanjiaoshui J. High School and Centr School) 5. 7. 3 Transportation Management 1. Prevention against risk of transportation of hazardous materials (1 ) Transport of hazardous materials shall be reported to the Public Security Department. Proper danger sign shall be painted on the vehicles. The vehicles and drivers shall be inspected. Transport of hazardous materils shall not be allowed during the traffic peak time. (2) Hazardous materials shall not be transported together with passengers, other goods or materials. When transported, they shall be supervised by special vehicles. (3) Warning signs shall be posted at sensitive spots, residential areas or main canals for drivers. 2. Operation management of Yan-Xing Highway Operation management will be conducted according to 4. 2. 7 of 4. 2 in this report. * 37 . 6 Public Involvement and Investigation Summary 6. 1 Public Involvement and Investigation and Statistics 6. 1. 1 Way of Investigation and People Investigated Three ways were used: 1. Small scaled talks with participants from county goverments and deputies of the County People's Congress related (Yanchi County and Tongxing county). Participants were also from enterprises and businesses. Opinions and suggestions from different circles were collected in the talks. 2. Consultance-investigation among personncl from local governments and village conunittecs was conducted. 3. Individual,questionaire investigation among the masses by asking them to fill out the questionaire forms was carried out. 6. 1. 2 Investigation Statistics and Analysis More than 370 people were investigated. 319 forms were distributed with 291 copies collected back. For their opinions and hopes, see Table 6-1, which shows that the public are in favour of the project; most of them are not againt their resettlement; about 4%o of the masses investigated hoped that the compensation for demolition and resettlement must be arranged reasonably. Only 2. 4% of the persons investigated were reluctant to be removed or to requisition their land. So, these people should be persuaded patienty to do so; about 11% of them were worried about traffic noise (people in or close to Xingren Town for example). During operation phase, noise monitoring will be conducted in these areas. Table 6-1' Public Involvement qnd Investigation Statistics if in favor of highway attitude to land requisition worried people construction and resettlement about highway ingated Yes no no idea yes no no idea environ- . ~ ~ ~ ~~~()YO (%O) (YO) ( YO)_ (/) (YO) ment Gu-Wang 79 100 93. 6 5.1 1. 3 Yan-Xing 212 94.8 0.5 4.7 93.9 1.4 4.7 11% 6. 2 Major Issues and Settlement 1. Action plans for land requisition and resettlement will be worked out to ensure individual interest and living conditions. Losses of land of enterprises shall be compensated for, and to help them arrange production. 2. Engineering designers, after they heeded the opinions and suggestions, have revised the engineering designs and construction management designs by adding grazing passages and pedestian flyovers for Gu - Wang Highway; sidewalks at town sections for Yan - Xing * 38 - Highway; signs at crossings close to or at residential areas and schools; not taking farmland for borrow sites etc. 3. A greater opening was chosen for Gu Wang Highway to pass through the Great Wall. The included angle of the route and the Wall was increased by adjusting the alignment; cut of the Wall was reduced. 4. Requirements of sand-fixing and improvement of ecological environment were taken into account in designing the subgrade protection forest belts. 5. Environmental monitoring will be monitored at densely populated areas to potect environment. 6. Protection measures put forward by the masses will be carried out step by step in design, construction and operation. 39 * 7 Environmental Protection Program and Environmental Monitoring Program 7. 1 EP Program 7. 1. 1 Preliminary Stage 1. Viability study stage See Table 7-1 for detail. Some work of this stage has begun or being carried out. Table 7-1 EP Program of Viability Study Stage highway contents institutions responsible administration implementation entity tune State Planning China Highway Commission, MOC project feasibility study Consultance- Communications Gu-Wang SupervisionCO. Ltd Division & Planning Feb. ,1995 Gu-Wang ~~~~~~~~~~Commissionof Ni Feb 199 Yan-Xing State EP Bureaus EP July,1998 EIA Xian Highway Office of MOC; Com. University Division & EP Office of Ningxia Note: Plannig Commission anndCommunications Division ar: the adtninistrative entities of Yan-Xing Highway 2. Design Stage The environmental protection program of design stage is shown in Table 7 - 2. Requirements of EP in the table have been or will be carried out. Table 7-2 EP Program of Design Stage Drder designitemns EP requirements responsible management implementatiof entity entity time Q avoiding envir. sensitive spots, taking as less land as possible 1 route plane design @)protecting cultural relics (Gu Wang only) ©taking less farmland 2 route longitudinalroute. profile design. (4)protectminimizing veyetation borrow & spoil to 3 de(ign of unall 3designof small bridge & culvert O)protectingensuring run-off irrigation unblockced works SupervisionConsult & Ningxia Company 7ommunica Feb. 1995 4 design of passages and paing preventingtraffic disruption of China tions ovt facilitiesin Highwvay Division July,1998 Engineering (NCD) subgrade protection and (CSCCHED) revention from sol eroon ®preventing soil erosion 5S std Protection & dpreventing road damage by sand ©2)planning of fidring sand & Oditch water not go into canal forest belts @reducing effect on local road 6 desgn of borrow yards Onot taking forest or farmland for borrow sites 40* Continued Table 7-2 EP Program of Design Stage responsible managementimplementation ordedesign - Items EP requirements entity entity time plgntation design for right-of- @subgrade protection wsay (lp restoration of forest land and 7 I)esubgrade sofpe fixing sand __ ®ivther side of road @highway landscape EP design Ningxia (3-)divider (Gu-Wang) ~~~~~~instituteHigh class July, 1999 8 forest belt design at sections of ¢Qprotecting subgrade from sand or other Highway drifting sand @improving ecological environment qualified Adminis- July, 2001 institution tration vegetation restoration design restoring. vegetation damaged Bureau 9 (03poil & borrow sites during constction phase Qtemporary land yard wall design against noise for 10 schools for Yan-Xing Highway (reducing noise by 5-8dB EP design NCD after 2002 (DShitangou Primary School institute QHanjiaoshui High School 7. 1. 2 EP Program of ConstructionStage The program will be carried out according to Table 7-3. The measures in the table will be included in the construction documents and be implemented. Table 7-3 EP Program of the Construction Stage (July,1998-July,2002) responsible administa- highwayEP issues EP measures entity tion entity remarks noise 1. measures 1-4 of 5. 6. 1 part in 5. 6 air 2. measures of 5. 6. 2 part in 5. 6 NCD water Office of Chief environmen 3. measures of 5. 6. 3 part in 5. 6 Supervision Gu- niomn Wang vegetation Stationing Office soil deserti- 4. measures of 5. 6. 4 part in 5. 6 of Gu-Wang Yan- fication . Highway Xing land 5. measures of 5. 6. 5 part in 5. 6 Stationing Office resources tofYaniXing local road 6. measures 1-4 of 5. 6. 6 part in 5. 6 Highway one supervisor safety 7. measures of 5. 6. 7 part in 5. 6 contractors each bid ditto section Gu--- cultural excluding Wang relics 8. measures of 5. 6. 8 part in 5. 6 Stationing Office of Yan-Xing .______Highway 9. the fifth measures of 5. 6. 1 part in NCD noise 5. 6 for the sections with school Office of Chief Yan- close to road Supervision Xing Stationing Offic local road 10. The fifth measure of 5. 6. 6 part in Yan-Xing 5. 6 for Huianbao-Haojiaii Section Highway 41 7. 1. 3 EP Program of Operation Stage See Table 7-4 for the program. Table 7-4 EP Program of Operation Stage (2002-2022) environmental highway EP measures implementa- responsible administra- issues h tion time unit tive unit 1. yard walls of first row Gu--Wang buildings at Guyaozi 6OmX 2nd stage 2. 5m EP office noise 2. yard walls at Shitangou after of NCD, Yan~-Xing Prim. School 300m X 3m when 2002 g 3. yard walls at Hanjiaoshui when Leq Ningxia School 500mX3m 23dB High Glass Highway NCD 4. septic tanks at toll stations 2002 Bureau water Gu-Wang environment Yan-Xing 5. solid garbage carried away in 2002-2022 Ningxia cans Highway wind/sand ~~~~~~~~~~~~Bureau wid/mgesand Gu-Wang 6. for highway plantation see 8 2001-2003 desertification Yan-Xing -13 of Table 5-7 7. 2 Environment Monitoring Plan and Monitoring Instruments 7. 2. 1 EnvironmentMonitoring Plan during ConstructionStage Monitoring items, factors, frequency and institutions for both highways are listed in Table 7 - 5. Monitoring spots are at major sensitive spots, transport roads, quarries and construction camps. For their locations, see Annex Fig. 1 and 2. Table 7-5 Environment Monitoring Plan during Construction Stage items ambient air.. highway. ~~~noise monitonng year monitoring institutions noise of site dust TSP ______boundary ______ Gu-Wang V V July,1998-Dec. 2001 Yan-Xing V July.1998-Dec.2002 1. noix & dust: supervisors of bid 1. noise,1 day monthly, 2^-3 times a day or randomly 2. ur & TSP:Environmen Monitoring frequency 8 2. dusts 1 time every 10 days or randomly Station of Ningxia ments 3. TSP: quarterly, 5 consecutive days, samples taken conforming national standards Notes. 1. "'/"stands for monitoring items (same as in the following tables) 2. 2 weeks prior to construction work, major sensitive spots and construction sites are chosen to monitor the background levels of dust and TSP 3. Monitored results are reported to EP Bureau of Ningxia regularly. * 42 - 7. 2. 2 Environment Monitoring Plan during Operation Stage Monitoring items factors, locations, frequeney and institutions for both highways are listed in Tables 7- 6, 7- 7. For monitoring places. see Attached Fig. I and 2. Monitoring methods are in accord with the national standards and specifications. Table 7-6 Monitoring Plan for Gu-Wang Highway locations of monitoring places ^ item& frequency Guyaozi Gaoshawo Wubao of Yanchi remarks K48+150 K90+200 K128+180 ambient re _dtial 1. Ningxia Envir. Monitoring noise Leq rea centre (quarterly) res2. Monitored results are (quambientearlv) areported to Ningxia EP ambient air NO. ,CO TSP Bureau regularly (twice a year ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~3.Ambient airi 5 conseuctive v / days; ambient noise: 1-2 tail grasn) CO.CH TSP interchanges interchanges yght. ( same is the I ran o _ toll statrons toll station following tables) Table 7-7 Monitoring Plan for Yan-Xing Highway locations of monitoring places item & frequency Chengjiao Xueyanzi Xingmajia Hanjiaoshui Xingren remarks of Yanchi village hewang Township Town K4+870 K86+600 K190+300 K209+550 K246+700 schools V 1. Ningxia Envir. ambient noise Monitoring L, (quarterly) residential s Centre areas 2. Monitored results are reported to (twbicet air NO. CO TSP Ningxia EP (twice___a year)___ bureau regularly monitoring year 2002-2022 7. 2. 3 Environmental Monitoring Instrument Instruments for environmental monitoring are shown in Table 7-8, which have been included in procurement list of Ningxia Highway Projects. Instrument List for Environmental Monitoring and Table 7-8 Their Estimated Cost order names =model unit price number cot remarksc '10.000 yuan: (unit) '10,000 yuan, ri 1 exhaust gas tester 20. 0 1 20. 0 imported 2 acoustic level meter HS5633 0. 6 9 5. 4 home made collector 0. 02 3 dust _ors_ton 9 1.08 home made balance TN-100B,1G0g/10rmg 0. 10 total 26.48 * 43 - 8 Environmental Institutions and Expenses Estimate 8. 1 Enviromental Institutions and Responsibilities 8. 1. 1 ConstructionPhase See Fig. 8-1 for their institutions and responsibilies GeneralSupervisor' s Agency A deputychief stupervisoris responsiblefor envir supervision; An engineeris responsiblefor EP SeniorIncal Agencyof SeniorLocal Agency of Yan-Xing Highway; Gu-Wang Highway; An engineeris An engineeris responsiblefor EP responsiblefor EP 3o 1 1. No.5 Note:The supervisorof the bidsection is responsiblefor bothenvironmental monitoring and supervision. Fig. 8-1 EnvironmentalProtection Institition duringthe ConstructionPhase The responsibilitiesof the personnelin Fig. 8-1 are as follows. 1. General Supervisor's Agency: A deputy chief supervisoris resporisiblefor the policy decisionsconcerning EP as a leading role; an engineer is responsiblefor EP supervision, implementationand collectionof data. Their higher authority is Ningxia Communications Divisionand its EP Office. 2. Local Agenciesof Gu-Wang and Yan-Xing Highways: An engineer is responsible for instructionof environmentalmonitoring and supervisionof each bid section, and handling EP matters. 3. Bid section: A supervisor is responsible for the whole process of environmental supervision, in noise and dust monitoring, and implementationof the EP measuresin bidding documentsand the Action Plan. 8. 1. 2 OperationPhase See Fig. 8-2 for EP institutions. The responsibilitiesin Fig. 8-2 are as follows: 1. EP officeof NCD: responsiblefor highway EP managementof the whole region with Gu-Wang and Yan-Xing highways includedby drawing up annual monitoring, EP plans, regulationsand policies. 2. Ningxia High ClassHighway Bureau: A deputy director is responsiblefor EP of high- * 44 - class highways including Gu-Wang Highway. Highway Management Department under its leadership is responsible for EP through a director-engineer, and in responsible for regular environmental monitoring for NCD. 3. Ningxia Highway Administration Bureau: A deputy head is responsible for EP of ordinary highways including Yan-Xing Highway and regular environmental monitoring for EP Office of NCD. NCDEP Office (one director, two other staff mumbers) NJngxiaHghway NingxiaHigh- class A inistrationBureau Hghway Bureau(one deputy (one -deputyhead in head in chargeof EP) chargeof EP) head_In_charge_of_EP) I I [an-Xing Highway Highway1bnagement Dept of Gu-Wang Highway(one director responsiblefor EP) Gu-Wang Highway Fig. 8-2 Environmental Protection Institutions during Operation Phase 8. 2 EP Personncl Training Program The training program is shown in Table 8- 1. Both the administrative personnel and workers have to have some EP knowledge. Table 8-1 EP Personnel Training Program type of number of cost training personncl people study time (10,000yuan) maintraming contents General regulations, policy and Supervisors 1 20 specifications of environmental Agency management EP officeof NCD, Personnel 3 15 regulations & management of homestudy fromNCD 15. 00 environment Management&Management 3&6 15 techniques of environmental meronitorln 3-6 15 engineering and monitoring and technicians data processing 1. Environment monitors of construction 1. regulationsand techniquesof EP training phase environmentalsupervision courses 2. EP personnel 12 30 12. 00 2. regulationsand techniquesof from HCHB environmentalmonitoring & Highway Bureau total 27. 00 * 45 - 8. 3 Cost Estimate for EP The cost of EP of Ningxia Highway Projects includes the expenses on impact mitigation, monitoring, instruments, training and others. See Table 8-2 for detail. Table 8-2 Gu-Wang HighwayYan-Xing Highway phase EP measures cost cost funding responsible remarks amnount(10v000) amount an source en0tity 1. EP design with EP design 2. EP measuresin engi- 20.00 15.00 preliminary EP designer measures neering funds excluded 3. soilconservation S.00 3.00 measures 4. water sprayingin sites 20. 00 10. 00 5.sewage treatment 4 8. 00 S 10. 00 (septictanks) 6. protection of road- 5.00 3. 00 buildingmaterials construction 7. mufflers for trucks S. GO 3. 00 engineenng contractor 8. clearing up of borrow sites & temporary land 2549. Imu 12. 80 834. 4mu 4. 20 use______9. repairingof localroads 50. 00 10.00 10. safety supervision, 25. 00 1S. 00 lamp marks 11. protection of Great 10. 00 Wall 12. disposal of sewage and 15. 00 20. 00 garbage of toll stations 13. yard walls 150m2 3. 00 240Gm' 48.00920 14. greening projects in 2970.5m 1188.20 800m 320.00 cot NCD 4,000 operation right-of-way ungency HCHB yuan/mu I - funds ~NHB 15.vegetation restoration 2549. lmu 76. 50 834. 4mu 25. 00 ______300 yuan/mu 16. subgrade forest belts 1747. 2mu 52.40 4654. 8mu 139.70 . 17. construction phase 1S. 00 15. 00 monitoring supervisor 50,000 environmental (3 yer) funds uyn/yr monitoring 18. operation phase 100. 00 100.00 management EP Office 50,000 (20 yers) 10010.0 funds of NCD yuan/yr evieronviei 19. coeruction phase 15.00 15. 00 umpervin S 50,000O.X0 supervision ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~offriceya/r 20. construction phse 15.00 15. 00 management 50.000 environmental 21. operationphase 100.00 100. 00 HCHB Uan/yr. management . NHB 22. EP faciity maintetiace 100. 00 100. 00 itnace 23. purhe cost instrument NCD instrtrment (10,000 Yuan) 26.48 funds NCD 24. traingcost training domestic training (10,000 yuan) 27.00 funds NCD training total (10,000yuan) 2865. 28 * 46 - 9 Resettlement Action Plan 9. 1 Land Requisition and Amount of Resettlement 9. 1. 1 A Survey This resettlemement action plan has been drawn up by the Consultance Centre of Economics and Laws of Shanghai Social Academy, who carried out on-the-site survey in the study area in June-July, 1997 along with NCD, HCHB, NHB and designers. 9.1. 2 Amount of Land Requisitioned and Housing Demolished 1. Amount of Land Requisitioned See Table 9-1 wvhich shows little impact on farming. Table 9-1 Amount of Land Requisitioned highway type unt Lingwu Yanchi Tongxing Haiyuan tot highway type unit ~~city county county county toa permanent mu 1302.8 4801.1 6103. 9 farmland mu 193. 0 1626. 6 1819. 6 non-farmland mu 1109.8 3174.5 4284. 3 temporary (deserted) mu 206. 0 383. 1 589. 1 population directly affected person 253 1062 1315 Gu enterprises affected person 3 2 5 Wang villagesaffected person 3 8 11 farmland per mu c-apitabefore m! 5. 48 6. 10 Townships requisition person affected farmland per mu/ person after person 5.44 6. 06 I ~~~requisitionpeso permanent mu 2318. 4 216. 8 64. 4 2599. 6 farmland mu 493. 4 86.1 47. 8 627. 3 non-farmland mu 1825. 0 130. 7 16. 6 1972. 3 temporary (deserted) mu 739. 8 47. 3 47. 3 834. 4 population directly affected person 639 114 151 904 Yan enterprises affected person 5 3 8 Xing villagesaffected person 15 9 4 28 farmland per / capita before mu 6. 09 5. 78 5.48 Townships requisition person affected farmland per mu/ person after 6. 08 S. 78 5. 48 requisition person * 47 - 2. Amount of demolition and resettlement See Table 9-2 who shows small amount of demolition and resettlement: 20 households with 96 people for Gu - Wang Highway; 30 households with 170 people for Yan - Xing Highway. Table 9-2 Amount of Demolition and Ressettlement post & soil & low yard total highwayhighway impactimpactsnr ma(into) pancl timber cost wall building hus-holds oplation (m) (m2) (mn2 ) (in 2 ) area (m') no demolition 1 5 1 Gu- with partial impact 17 25 17 1 5 Wang demolished 24 1007 376 680 439 2087 20 96 no demolition Yan- with partial impact 123 255 123 10 53 Xing demolished 240 1679 710 424 589 3053 31 170 total 264 2686 1086 1244 5280 62 324 3. Enterprises Affected The proposed project will not impact on enterprises much by demolishing only some low- cost houses or yard walls. without moving. See Table 9-3 for detail. Table 9-3 Enterprises Affected buildings demolished total post&, soil&,.ybernumber of highway impact paonso snly buiding num people (M) pancl timber cst wails areafafecte ( (M)2) (M2)) (m) (m) (in 2 ) Gun ilo-movement 80 519 68 80 667 5 131 Wang with ___ Yan-.. partial Xing impact 102 563 168 845 833 8 267 total 182 1082 236 925 1500 13 398 4. People affected by land-requisition & demolition See Table 9-4. Table 9-4 Population Affected direct effect by direct effect by enterprises effect by readjust- highway land-requisition demolitionof houses affected ment of farmland population . ~ ~ ~ affected householdspopulation households population enterprises staff householdspopulation Gu-Wang 254 1178 21 101 5 131 3138 14243 14316 Yan-Xing 107 538 41 223 8 267 3314 15885 16121 total 361 1716 62 324 13 398 6452 30128 30437 NotesPopulation affected are not recounted. *48 . 9. 2 Resettlement Principles and Compensation Standards 9. 2. 1 Resettlement Principle 1. All- assets affected shall be compensated for at new purchase price without any depreciation. 2. Compensation fee are paid prior to requisition of land or assets. 3. Compensation standards are decided together with local governments and representives of persons concerned. 4. All asset losers because of the project enjoy the equal right to receive compensation and resettlement. They will enjoy better or original living standards before the project is finished. 9. 2. 2 Ways of Compensation See Table 9-5 for detail. Table 9-5 Ways of Compensation of Resettlement kinds of executive In charge of impact receivers compensationdue compensation& remarks resettlement farmland Cj)liandcompensation farmland adiitrtvadministrative()adcmnsto (9resettlement al lowance resettlrstlmn ement officesfie villagesvii lges econimic restorationtowance oroeconimicfres county and townships residents Cjresettlement compensation village in same houses affected (®economicrestoration committee vllages enterprises enterprises (iDresettlementcompensation resettlementoffices enterprises affected )economlc restoration of county and townships no movin resettlementoffices other ground their owners repurchasecompensation of county and townships auxiliaries (village committee) 9. 2. 3 CompensationStandards for Land Requisitioned 1. Land typical annual ontput value The typical land output value per year is shown in Table 9-6. Table 9-6 Typical Annual Output Value typical annual output value (yuan/muY=B area homestead land of deserted puddy land dry land forest land land enterprises land Lingwu City 890 430 590 with reference to 50 ______type of adjacent land Yanchi County 810 390 540 with referenceto so ______type of adjacent of land Tongxin County 780 370 typewithof referenceadjacentlandto 50 HaiyuanCounty . 360 Haiyuan_County 3______0___ typewith of referenceadjacent landto so 2. Compensationstandards of land requisition See Table 9-7 for dotail 49 Table 9-7 Compensation Standards of I,and Requisitioned resettlement frln s a type of land typical annual compensation compensation farmland use tax output value(B) standards standards (yuan/mu) puddy B 6B 3B 2000 dry B 6B 3B 667 forest B 4B 667 homestead B 6B _ of enterprises B 6B _ deserted B 1B 9. 2. 4 Compensation Standards for Demolition See Table 9-8 for detail. Table 9-8 Compensation Standards for Demolition Lingwu Yanchi Tongxin Haiyuan type unit City County County County mansonry yuan/mr 270 250 - 2 post & panel yuan/M 230 220 - 210 2 soil & timber yuan/m 170 160 - 150 low-cost yuan/mr 50 50 - 45 yard walls yuan/m2 20 20 20 20 trees yuan/each 55 50 45 45 resettlement allowance yuan/Mr 5 5 5 5 Interim allowance yuan/m2 5 5 5 5 9. 3 Institutions of Land Requisition and Housing Demolition 1. Working Institutioms The following organizations have been formed to ensure better management and cooperation of resettlement and demolition work. * Leading group responsible for resettlement * Project Office responsible for ressettlement * County-level Office responsible for resettlement * Township-level Office responsible for resettlement 2. Other Institutions Other concerned institutions include: * Regional Planning Commission * Regional Communications Division * Regional Land Administrative Bureau * WB Loan Office of NCD * High-class Highway Administrative Bureau * Consultance Centre of Shanghai Social Academy in Economics, Laws and Society * Administrative departments of communications and finance of counties and townships * s50 concerned * Administrative departments of land of town(ships) concerned * Village committees concerned 9. 4 Cost of Land Requisition and Resettlement and Schedule 9. 4. 1 Cost Estimated Total estimated cost for land requisition &. resettlement is as follows: Gu-Wang Highway: 12,358,017 RMB yuan Yan-Xing Highway: 5,971,621 RMB yuan 9. 4. 2 Schedule of Land Requisition and Resettlement See Table 9-1 for detail Table 9-9 Schedule for Land Requisition and Resettlement time code 1997 1998 6 7' 8 9 101112 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 aontl A B C D E F G H I K L M N 0 Q R Notes: Codes of A-0 are the same as in the above table; those of P-R are: P. demolition of existing houses & groundauxiliaries Q. construction commences R. independent monitoring assessment *51 Appendix 1 Key Elements for Environmental Action Plan for Ningxia Highway Projects environmental issues actions taken/to be taken responsible entity remarks A Design Phase 1. The alignment was chosen from several alternatives on the basis of 1. route taking less land, of reducing adverse impact of noise, air pollution on residents by avoiding environmentally sensitive spots, unfaverable ecological conditions and cultural relics 2. enough bridges and underpasses and flyovers have been designed for See 4. 1. 6 2. traffic disruption grazing and local traffic & 4. 1. 7 3. gentle subgrade slope: 1 s 4. 0 at drifting dune areas 4. subgrade protection works: mortar schist slope protection or squares 3. wind erosion/land 5. temporary or permanent drainage works to reduce impact on soil See 5. 2. 2 desertification erosion or irrigation canals NCD & 5. 2.4 6. dividers, plantation on slope & roadsides * . 7. sufficient subgrade protection forest belts General Consultant & ul ______Supervision Company 8. Besides 1, quarries and borrow & spoil sites were properly chosen of China Highway, 4. dust/air pollution (lOOm beyond sensitive spots) Ningxia 5. waterpollt9.sewage treatment at toll stations Highway Survey S. water pollution 10. highway drainage to prevent runoff flow into canals (Yan-Xing) Design Institute See 5. 5 11. Besides 1, sufficient measures such as yard walls taken into See 5. 3. 1 6. noise account 12. no-horning signals at necessary spots (Yan-Xing) & 5. 3. 2 7. flood 13. standards of bridges & culverts shall meet flood discharge 8. cultural relics 14. cultural relics protection measures taken properly (Gu-Wang) See 5. 1. 4 (Ming Wall) 1 15. sidewalks & signals of crossings provided at some places (Yan- See 4. 2. 7 9. safety Xing) Appendix 1 Key Elements for Environmental Action Plan for Ningxia Highway Projects environmental issues actions taken/to be taken responsible entity remarks B Construction phase 1. All applicable measures including spraying to reduce dust. 2. Mixing sites or storage sites shall be sprayed or covered and they must 100m or more from sensitive spots. 1. dust/air pollution 3. Transportation vehicles of materials must be covered with mufflers. As for powder materials. they shall be bagged or canned when transported. 4. Asphalt mixing equipment will be located 300m leeward of residential areas. 5. They shall be fitted with dust collection facilities. 6. Grass & bushes must be planted on slopes & along roadsides. 7. Damaged irrigation works shall be repaired. 8. Temporary drainage or irrigation canals shall be built where necessary. 2. soil erosion/water 9. During construction of permanent drainage systems, all necessary pollution steps shall be taken to prevent earth & stones from silting up rivers, water channels or existing irrigation and drainage systems. contractors supervisors 10. All reasonable measures shall be taken to prevent direct discharge of polluted water from construction activities into rivers and irrigation canals. 11. Adequate measures, such as provision of septic tanks or sewage treatment facilities shall be taken at the construction camps. 3. construction camps Sludge in sewage treatment pits shall be disposed of regularly. 12. Drinking water shall meet drinking water standards. 13. Garbage shall be collected in garbage cans on fixed places and disposed of regularly. 14. Where residences are located within 200m from the construction sites, noisy construction works shall be undertaken during the daytime (6:00O22:O0) 4. noise 15. Construction activity time of heavy machines will be arranged with the schools concerned to ensure normal teaching. 16. Maintenace of machines and trucks shall be strengthened so as to keep them with low noise. Appendix 1 Key Elements for Environmental Action Plan for Ningxia Highway Projects environmental issues actions taken/to be taken responsible entity remarks .17. Forests shall not be used for material borrow sites. 18. Arable land shall not be selected as material borrow sites as much as possible. If excavation has to be done in arable land, top soil layer shall be saved and returned after construction work is 5. conservationof completed so as to minimize impacts on ecosystem and agriculture. ecologicalresources 9. Education of construction workers shall be strengthened to protect natural resources, plants and shelter belts. Digging licoriceshall be forbidden. 20. Construction trucks shall be driven on the temporary roads so as to avoid damage to farmland and forests. 21. Temporary land use shall be restored for plantantron. 22. In order to guarantee construction safety, safety guards shall be posted, and efficient ligting equipment & safety signs shall be 6. safety installed. 23. During peak hours, to relieve traffic congestion, material transport on vehiclesshall be reduced or stopped. contractors supervisors 24. Borrow is forbidden 80m within the Great Wall 25. Excavated soil is put on remains of the Wall and compacted 26. If cultural relics are found, the the local cultrual authority shall be 7. cultural relies immediately informed of, and excavation shall be stopped until identification is completed. 27. Worker are educated ro protect the Wall. 28. Local construction materials shall be used as much as' possibleto avoid long distance transportation, especially earth & stones. 29. Adequate actions to direct traffic shall be taken in consultation 8. traffic vwithCommunications & Public Security Dept. , when roads are 8. traffic jammed during the construction period. transportation! 30. Plan for transportation of construction materials shall be developed local roads to avoid transport activities during hours of peak traffic. 31. Damaged local roads shall be repaired or compensated for. 32. If material transport vehicles use existing road, some temporary roads shall be built up to reduce traffic jams. Appendix 1 Key Elements for Environmental Action Plan for Ningxia Highway Projects environmental issues actions taken/to be taken responsible entity retnarks C. Operation Phase 1. According to the monitoring decide the anti-noise measures for sensitive buildings of over noise standard. See 5. 3 1. noise 2. Development planning, housing planning, at Hongsibao in particular, shall be developed in study area. EP Office of NCD 3. By using proper techniques, on both sides of the road, sand-fixing 2. sand-erosion/land shelter belts shall be planted to improve local ecosystem. Highway Management 4. Vegetation shall be restored by using proper measures at borrow &Dept. of See Table 5-2 desertificationdesertiicationspoil sites. Gu'-Wang Highway 5. Dlantation within right-of-way Ningxia Highway 6. If vehicle noise & tail gas exceed the standards, it shall not be Bureau allowed to go on roads. 3. vehicle management 7. Tail gas testers are set up at toll stations of Gu-Wang Highway 8. Public awareness and education shall be promoted to familiarize people with air pollution and noise by vehicles & related cn regulations. 9. The Public Security Department (PSD) shall be informed before transport of hazardous materials is carried, especially with regard to time routes and parking places of Vehicles to carry these materials. The vehicles and drivers sholl be inspected. Experienced, qualified drivers are required. Proper danger sign shall be painted on the Ningxia Public 4. riskofleaage of vehicles.SeuiyDprmn .azardous goolegs 10. Transport of hazardous material shall not be allowed during the Security Department hazardousgoodstraffic peak time.NC 11. Hazardous materials shall not be transported t6gether with NCD passengers, other goods or materials. 12. Signs shall be set up in thie environmentally sensitive areas such as residential areas and water sonrces in order to warn drivers to pay special attention. 13. No new houses are allowed to be built 50m within roadside, loomn 5. Others~ Iwithin school & hospitals (Gu-Wang Highway). iniaNCD 5. Others 14. Sufficient measures taken to prevent moving close to roads or doing Ningxia ghway Bureau other harmful activities to the road. government Appendix 1 Key Elements for Environmental Action Plan for Ningxia Highway Projects environmental issues actions taken/to be taken responsible entity remarks D. environmentalmonitoring 1. Construction phase, (1)monitoring items: TSP, dust (2)monitoringfrequency,quarterly for TSP and 3 continuous days TuSPNiervisor each time. Mning Dust, once every 3 days 10 days before constructionI once every Station 1. ambient air 10 days after construction. (3)monitoring place, construction site, material yards quarries and main transportation roads. 2. Operation phase, (1)monitoring items,NO.,CO and TSP (2)monitoring frequency: twice a year, 5 days in successiona time; Ningxia reported to (3)monitoring place, identified in Environmental Action Plan Monitoring Ningxia EP Bureau, 3. technicalstandards Station Se Attached Current monitoring methods for ambiemt air issued by the State Fig. 1 and 2 EnvironmentalProtection Bureau for monitoring spots 1. monitoring frequency (l)construction phase: 1 day a month with 2-3 times a day, or at random; (2)operation phase: quarterly with one time at daytime and the suphase: other at night or at random. supervisor 2. noise 2. monitoring places operation phase: (D)construction phase: same as for air quality operationiphaseg (2)operation phase; identified in Environmental Action Plan Station 3. technicalstandards, current monitoring methods for noise issued by the State Environmental Protection Bureau. 1. testing itemss CO, HC (petrol vehicle); TSP (diesel vehicle) EP Office 3. tailgas testing 2. testing frequency, at random offiCe 3. testing place, toll stations of Gu-Wang Highway of NCD Appendix 2 Yanchi County Government (Approval) Document No 17 (1997) An Approval of passing through the Great Wall of Guyaozi-Wangquanliang Class I Highway To Cultural Bureau, We have received your report for passing through the Great Wall of Guyaozi-Wangquanliang Class I highway. Through careful consideration, we agree to your plan and also make the following further directions: 1. The Great Wall section the Gu-Wang highway passes lies between Shiliubao and Wubao, which belongs to the non-protection section. 2. Before the construction the protection area should be marked and there should be protection signs. 3. During the construction, the project supervision unit should supervise the construction work so as try to reduce the passing section. No increase of it is allowed! 4. During the construction, no earth is allowed to be borrowed within 80m inside and outside the Great Wall. Yanchi County Government May 22,1997 Send to: Transportation Bureau 57 * My Opinsions for Passing through the Great wall of Gu-Wang Class I Highway I'm a professional staff in Yanchi County Relics museum, in charge of the county's relics protection and management. Invited by the relics protection investigation group of Gu-Wang class I highway. I took part in the investigation of relics protection along Gu-Wang Class I Highway. This section of the Great Wall is called as Daobian, built in Ming Dynasty (1531). It starts from the yellow River, enters Yanchi County at Zhangjiabianhao and pass horizontally the north of the county town with a total length of 97km. It is built of loess with the width of foundation of 8- 10m, the remaining height of 3-8m and the top width of 1-3m. This section of the Great Wall is under the county level protection. As to passing through the Great Wall of the highway, my opionions are as follows: 1. It is proper for the highway to pass through the Great Wall at the opening of Yangjiquan (K126+12). This section of the Great Wall suffers a lot from wind erosion and collapse. The present remaining height of it is only about 4 m. No impact will be done for the protection work. 2. According to the protection work in sections, this section is non- protection of the county level, Class I highway can pass through it. 3. In order to protect cultural relics effectively, the construction unit should should try the best to reduce the passing section during the construction. A Professional Staff for Relics Ren Yonggang May 21.1997 58 - Syggestions for Passing through the Great Wall of Guyaozi-Wangquanliang Class I Highway To County Government, After on-the-spot inspection for the Great Wall section Gu-Wang Class I highway will pass by the experts made up of County Government, County Relics Management Section and County Transportation Bureau, We make the following suggestions. 1. This section of the Great Wall in Yanchi County was built in Ming Dynasty. According to the document No 144 (1994 ) by the countv government, the section of the Great Wall should be protected by the countv and managed in sections. 2. The section from Shiliubao to Wabao suffers a lot from wind erosion. It is non-protection, but the highway can pass through. 3. If there is need for the construct of the highway along the non - protection section of the Great wall. it should get approved by the countv government before the start of the constrction work. 4. During the construction, efforts should be made to reduce the passing section. And no earth is allowed to be borrowed within 80m inside and outside the Great Wall. Yanchi Relics Management Section May 21. 1997 59 A-.. Attac Foute Trend and Envl"on'men l Mo - -~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~' ...... ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ - ~ &Z .. Gu wang High.d Spots Locations and Sensitive Spots and materials Distribution Along 2 Attached Figure A Sensitive Spots Distribution a. X I-- f i- -- C.)i. G). a .G. - * ., .~~~.*** £4SXiUrw. onStun. :- - -'_, L_ - - - ,_ ' . -iloring Spot Locations Along Yan -Xing Highway 1: 50000-- ; __w; - ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~...... -> 1:50000 CA-..:\-^_S _1- -' .: -- - ' i3 -Z$tœs*s~~-- i; j m- .t . @. @, @, +s~~~~~®.UUEasecu*.gzmzu (D~~~~~.. WA~~~~~~ \\ .#4 -_, oiseomoonito'Iog spol p.eot-t nd during costrocton-stc & ko timeo tooophik u,oaIto.ig spot at p,went and duting monrudin & e Attached Figure 2B Sensitive Spots Distribution ai 1: 50000 <-. .s~~~~7 I ', N, ,.' X'', 1,'i l 1 x C- ~~~~~~~~~~~'r- ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~4-~ :t~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~J \ ~ .3 ~I 6 'N - x '~~~~~~~~ -VI ~~~~~~oo or *utomobflesd.ri.g seI tme tof sampling spotat present.. d during cons-ntdhntlo ,sku time m o.ilordg spot for toll ys Monitoring Spot Locati.ons Along Yan- Xing Highway {Attached Figure 2c Sensitive Spots Distribution and aS V..s,< > , j A T; t A , - fe Uq C ~ ~'''-'Ytmia I _V r omItoringspot atp andt dauristotrtudtbin I tb:e\J't poise monitoringspot at prnt and during rnsdion str,et tb,n alorherk . . .-~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~_ oring Spot Locations Along Yan-Xing Highway ' ltitil,&X6XS : ;t ,~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~',<- - I -100000 i K I iX~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~K :,,. ^ j', A i ' . ' ' i ^ 0 1 *^ 2 4 ; ' ''>;$<;1 _ INEj,tllt5i' I \' l ,@ ,+tE,, s=^ 4-L1 *..;2.P' 1(12t0o -0i-, Rir- - r u-mble lri 'e,evtm - ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~~~\ I soil samp.ing sotat res nt and during e lst de63onset-ce lime 63 0. 0. tAsIQWAzalait v~~~~"~~~~'~~~~~ / / /~~~~~~KO v~~~~ -V~~~~~~~~~ / C Zy " *- A/4.,.p~~~~~"~~:~~. 1 100000 Attached Figure 2D Sensitive Spots Distribution a , . .0. P. 1 fds# e l. I £d L-^ !1O u_ -X00$:9.'~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~R0 nitoring Spot'16it3,Ls Along Yan-Xing Highway nitoring Spot Locations Along Yan-Xing Highwayl |-- K47+247.29 K50+000 K60+000 lump stone gra el ,,0.8. _-, 4000 o 1 00 lzIiilI...II ~~~~~228141 ^ lime crashed stone of gravel K91+000 K100+000 KllO+000 II I lump stone gravel 10800 160000 460000 170000 96000 90000 240000 38.2 40.2soil I s sil si i |oil4 sol | I3.5 300000 CD +±+ + + + 1357-300 1900 1600 1000800 grave st0o0e crashed ottche Fiur 0itibto o fM Atacie 0iur 0 Ditrbtin0fM 000 K80+000 K90+000 33484 + + )0 ~~~~~11971 155397 d20+000 Kl30+000 K140+O00 f sand o o 0~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~qaniyo g~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~orwnLsoi -~ ~ ~ ~ - lump stone crashed stone ±7=jP-(krn) .~transport mnileage jals~~~'R;Aln Gu-an Hi'' Eghwayrn to highway -o ~~~~0 E ials$AlongH Gu-Wang 0~~~~~ KO+000 K20+000 K40+000 K60+01 L grni el grnvel . crashedstone - 10.7 0. 6 new construt O~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 10. ~~~~~~~~~~~49.96 [: s 1gravel Slump st 1K125+000 K140+000 K160+000 K180+000 c r~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Attacled Figure 4 Disbgravel 0~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ -3 transpOrt mileage tO highway t *~~ Attached Figure 4 Distrib K80+000 K100+000 K120+000 A. gruvel m p stone +~~~~~ ection lime ~~~~~~~crashedstone K200+000 K1220+000 K240+000 K253+889.5 Crashed stone pavement recapping section c crashed stone on of Materials Along Yan-Xing Highway 66