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Аpplication of the Preliminary Geosite Assessment Model (GAM): the Case of the Bela Crkva Municipality (Vojvodina, North Serbia)

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Аpplication of the Preliminary Geosite Assessment Model (GAM): the Case of the Bela Crkva Municipality (Vojvodina, North Serbia) ISSN 0354-8724 (hard copy) | ISSN 1820-7138 (online) Аpplication of the Preliminary Geosite Assessment Model (GAM): The Case of the Bela Crkva Municipality (Vojvodina, North Serbia) Jovana BoškovA*, Stefan KotrlaA, Mlađen JovanovićA, Nemanja TomićA, Tin LukićA, Ivan RvovićA Received: June 17, 2015 | Revised: August 27, 2015 | Accepted: September 1, 2015 DOI: 10.18421/GP19.03-06 Abstract Bela Crkva municipality is located in the northeastern part of Serbia, in the southeast of the Autono- mous Province of Vojvodina. This Municipality has a high concentration of geosites which are of a great importance, and providing a good basis for the geotourism developement in this area. This paper pro- poses an inventory of geosites in the Bela Crkva municipality. One of the aims of the paper is to evalu- ate different values of geosites using preliminary Geosite Assessment Model (GAM) in order to deter- mine whether this area has the potential for geotourism development. Key words: geosites, geoheritage, geotourism, evaluation, Bela Crkva, Vojvodina, Serbia Introduction cept for the exploitation of such resources), whithout As a result of contemporary tourism trends there is diminishing their intrinsic or environmental values an appearance of new, special forms of tourism that (Sharples, 2002). Another term that is closely related differ from mass tourism primarily because the cent- to the previous is geoconservation which includes the er of their interest is to satisfy the needs of tourists preservation of rocks, fossils, minerals, relief forms and locals, with heightened environmental concerns. and museum settings (www.geoconservation.com). One of these special forms of tourism is geotourism, Hose (2005) also claims that geoconservation meas- based on geodiversity and geoheritage. Geodiversi- ures joined with tourism promotion are key geotour- ty can be defined as natural range of rocks, minerals, ism elements. The same author has provided a com- fossils, geomorphological forms and processes, and prehensive definition of geotourism as “The provision soil features; it includes their assemblages, relation- of interpretative and service facilities for geosites and ships, properties and systems (Gray, 2004). Geoherit- geomorphosites and their encompassing topography, age usually includes all geological, geomorphological, together with their associated in-situ and ex-situ arte- pedological and distinct archaeological values created facts, to constituency-build for their conservation by during the formation of the Earth’s crust, its morpho- generating appreciation, learning and research by and logical shaping and interdependence of nature and for current and future generations” (Hose, 2012). human culture, which thanks to their great scientif- Among many potential geotourism destinations in ic and cultural importance have to be under special Serbia, is Bela Crkva, i.e. the entire Municipality with a concern of all social factors (Đurović, Mijović, 2006). number of individual sites such as the Banat Sands, Mali Geoheritage includes particular examples or elements pesak, rivers Nera and Karaš with their fossil meanders, of geodiversity which are of great importance for hu- Danube with the Danube-Tisa-Danube (DTD) canal, mans, regarding to the use for various purposes (ex- Labudovo okno etc. In addition to the natural values A University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Science, Department of Geography, Tourism and Hotel Management, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 3, 21 000 Novi Sad, Serbia Corresponding author: Jovana Boškov, e-mail: [email protected] 146 Geographica Pannonica • Volume 19, Issue 3, 146-152 (September 2015) Jovana Boškov, Stefan Kotrla, Mlađen Jovanović, Nemanja Tomić, Tin Lukić, Ivan Rvović that are the basis for geotourism development, there are tance of other centers is: Vršac (37 km), Kovin (47 km), plenty of anthropogenic values that complement the of- Požarevac (50 km), Smederevo (60 km), Pančevo (80 fer of geotourism. However, despite its significant geo- km) (Boškov, 2014b). potential, developed destinations for this type of tour- Tourist position of the Municipality is also ade- ism are in a low extent present in Serbia (Devil’s Town, quate regarding to complementary tourist sites, such Resavska cave, Ceremošnja cave, Mramorna cave and as Special Nature Reserve “Deliblato Sands” National other caves). In order to promote geotourism in some park “Iron Gate”, the remains of old fortresses in Ram, area it is necessary to assess the current status and val- Smederevo, Vršac, Kovin, as well as numerous hunt- ue of all geosites that are present in that area, which can ing and fishing areas. be achieved by proper tourist evaluation. GAM model Over the border crossing Kaluđerovo, Bela Crkva should help in assessing the potential for the geotour- is connected with border villages in Republic of Ro- ism development, as well as to assist the planning pro- mania. The distance from Timisoara (Romania) is cess and sustainable management of geosites. approximately 110 km. In the vicinity of the Munic- ipality there are several protected natural areas: Na- ture Park “Iron Gate” (Parcul Natural “Portia de Study area Fier”), National Park “Gorge Nera-Beusnica” (Par- Bela Crkva municipality is located in the northeast- cul Naţional “Cheile Nerei- Beuşniţa”), National Park ern part of Serbia, in the southeast of the Autono- “Semenik-Gorge Karaš” (Parcul Naţional “Semenic- mous Province of Vojvodina. It covers an area of 353 Cheile Căraşului”), National Park “Domogled-Černa km2 and territorially belongs to the South Banat dis- Valley” (Parcul Naţional “Domogled-Valea Cernei”) trict. On the north it borders with the municipali- etc (Boškov, 2014a). The Bela Crkva municipality has ties of Kovin and Vršac, on the east it borders with a high concentration of geosites which are of great sci- the Republic of Romania, while on the south it comes entific, educational, aesthetic and touristic impor- out on the left bank of the Danube. The Municipality tance (Boškov, 2014b). These values are the result of is characterized by a relatively good tourist position. a complex geological structure and geomorphologi- The distance from Belgrade, the capital and most im- cal processes that took place in this area, during the portant city center is approximately 95 km. The dis- Earth’s history. On the territory of the Municipality Figure 1. Location of Bela Crkva municipality in the Autonomous Province of Vojvodina (North Serbia) Geographica Pannonica • Volume 19, Issue 3, 146-152 (September 2015) 147 Аpplication of the Preliminary Geosite Assessment Model (GAM): The Case of the Bela Crkva Municipality (Vojvodina, North Serbia) there are numerous natural values, and some of them where 0 ≤ SIMVi ≤ 1 (4) are protected. Loess plateu Dumača is part of Special 15 Nature Reserve “Deliblato Sands”, Labudovo okno is AV =+VFnVTr ≡ ∑SIAVi , protected as a Ramsar site, and the protection pro- i=1 cess of the Landscape of exceptional features “Karaš- where 0 ≤ SIAVi ≤ 1 (5) Nera” as a protected area of II category with total area of 1,541.27 ha is currently in progress (Provincial Insti- where, SIMV represents 12 subindicators within MV tute for Nature Conservation, 2011). (Main Values) and SIAV represents 15 subindicators Furthermore, there is a big number of anthropo- within the AV (Added Values), all as a basic assessment genic values, such as important archaeological sites. of the lowest rank for the evaluation of geosites. As it High concentration of geoheritage sites provides a can be seen from equations (1) - (5), total assessment of good prerequisite for geotourism development, but geosites is obtained as the sum of all subindicators. these sites may also be used as additional attractions The list of all subindicators and the method of de- to other forms of tourism. termining their values can be found in the original work of Vujičić et al. (2011). As previously stated, in total sum there are 12 sub- Methodology indicators of Main Values, and 15 subindicators of Ad- The evaluation of geosites has been developing since ditional Values. All these subindicators were graded the 1990s. Numerous papers were written concerning from 0 to 1, for each proposed geosite separately. Based the evaluation of scientific, aesthetic and other val- on the results of the assessment, a matrix of Main and ues of geosites (e.g. Pralong 2005; Pereira, et al. 2007; Additional Values can be created, where these values Reynard, et al. 2007; Tomić, 2011; Vujičić, et al., 2011; are presented via X and Y axes respectively. The ma- Tomić, Božić, 2014; Vasiljević, at al., 2014; Petrović, et trix is divided into nine fields (zones) that are indicat- al., 2013; Hrnjak, et al., 2013; Lukić et al., 2013). ed by Z(i,j) (i,j=1,2,3) based on the grade they received In this paper, the preliminary geosite assessment in the previous evaluation process. Major gridlines model (GAM), created by Vujičić et al. (2011) was used. that create fields, for X axe have value of 4 and for Y This model actually shows the evaluation of geosites axe of 5 units (Vujičić, et al., 2011). which should assist the sustainable management and For example, geosites that fit in cell Z31 and Z32 planning proces as well as determining the potential have high scientific, aesthetic and protection val- for geotourism development. ues, but low developed tourist and functional sec- Basically, the GAM model consists of two compo- tor. Thanks to these indicators, geosite managers now nents and for this opportunity it will be written in a know that they need to better promote, plan and en- modified form of an equation (Hrnjak, et al., 2013):\ hance these assets, while not degrading the first one. On the other side, geosites that fit in Z11 and Z12 cell GAM = MV + AV (1) have low main values and also low additional val- ues. In this case there are two possible plans of ac- where, MV are the Main Values and AV represent Ad- tion: the first one is that the geosite has no main val- ditional Values, whereby both values are used for the ues which resulted in also lower additional values; the quantitative assessment of geosites.
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