File Systems: Semantics & Structure What Is a File
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Technical Standard
Technical Standard X/Open Curses, Issue 7 The Open Group ©November 2009, The Open Group All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of the copyright owners. Technical Standard X/Open Curses, Issue 7 ISBN: 1-931624-83-6 Document Number: C094 Published in the U.K. by The Open Group, November 2009. This standardhas been prepared by The Open Group Base Working Group. Feedback relating to the material contained within this standardmay be submitted by using the web site at http://austingroupbugs.net with the Project field set to "Xcurses Issue 7". ii Technical Standard 2009 Contents Chapter 1 Introduction........................................................................................... 1 1.1 This Document ........................................................................................ 1 1.1.1 Relationship to Previous Issues ......................................................... 1 1.1.2 Features Introduced in Issue 7 ........................................................... 2 1.1.3 Features Withdrawn in Issue 7........................................................... 2 1.1.4 Features Introduced in Issue 4 ........................................................... 2 1.2 Conformance............................................................................................ 3 1.2.1 Base Curses Conformance ................................................................. -
Allgemeines Abkürzungsverzeichnis
Allgemeines Abkürzungsverzeichnis L. -
Active@ UNDELETE Documentation
Active @ UNDELETE Users Guide | Contents | 2 Contents Legal Statement.........................................................................................................5 Active@ UNDELETE Overview............................................................................. 6 Getting Started with Active@ UNDELETE.......................................................... 7 Active@ UNDELETE Views And Windows...................................................................................................... 7 Recovery Explorer View.......................................................................................................................... 8 Logical Drive Scan Result View..............................................................................................................9 Physical Device Scan View......................................................................................................................9 Search Results View...............................................................................................................................11 File Organizer view................................................................................................................................ 12 Application Log...................................................................................................................................... 13 Welcome View........................................................................................................................................14 Using -
Active @ UNDELETE Users Guide | TOC | 2
Active @ UNDELETE Users Guide | TOC | 2 Contents Legal Statement..................................................................................................4 Active@ UNDELETE Overview............................................................................. 5 Getting Started with Active@ UNDELETE........................................................... 6 Active@ UNDELETE Views And Windows......................................................................................6 Recovery Explorer View.................................................................................................... 7 Logical Drive Scan Result View.......................................................................................... 7 Physical Device Scan View................................................................................................ 8 Search Results View........................................................................................................10 Application Log...............................................................................................................11 Welcome View................................................................................................................11 Using Active@ UNDELETE Overview................................................................. 13 Recover deleted Files and Folders.............................................................................................. 14 Scan a Volume (Logical Drive) for deleted files..................................................................15 -
Partition Wizard About Minitool Partition Wizard Minitool Partition Wizard Is an Easy-To-Use Partitioning Software with High Security and Efficiency
MiniTool Partition Wizard About MiniTool Partition Wizard MiniTool Partition Wizard is an easy-to-use partitioning software with high security and efficiency. Due of its simple user interface, you can create, delete, format, move, and resize partitions with ease. What’s more, your data will always be protected when using MiniTool Partition Wizard to move and resize partitions. Main Functions of MiniTool Partition Wizard: Resize/ Move partitions Merge Partitions Create partitions Delete partitions Change Partition Label Delete all partitions Format partitions Change Cluster Size Convert file system Convert FAT to NTFS Convert NTFS to FAT Explore Partition Check Partitions Recovery Partition Wipe disk Wipe partition Copy partition Copy disks Initialize to MBR disk Initialize to GPT disk Align All Partitions Align Partition Convert MBR Disk to GPT Disk Convert GPT Disk to MBR Disk Dynamic Disk Create volume Delete Volume Format Volume Move/Resize Volume Wipe Volume Explore Volume Check File System Change Volume Label Change Volume Letter Change Volume Cluster Size Volume Properties MiniTool Partition Wizard Staring MiniTool Partition Wizard You can start MiniTool Partition Wizard from the Start menu in Windows Click Start menu > All Programs > MiniTool Partition Wizard xxx Edition > MiniTool Partition Wizard xxx Edition Xxx is your present edition of MiniTool Partition Wizard, Such as Home, Professional, Server, and Enterprise MiniTool Partition Wizard Hardware Requirements Minimum Hardware requirements: 500 MHz x86 or compatible CPU. 256mb RAM memory. Mouse and Keyboard. Recommended Hardware requirements: 1 GHz x86 or compatible CPU. 512mb RAM memory. Mouse and Keyboard. MiniTool Partition Wizard System Requirements Note: you should have access to administration while using Partition Wizard. -
MSD FATFS Users Guide
Freescale MSD FATFS Users Guide Document Number: MSDFATFSUG Rev. 0 02/2011 How to Reach Us: Home Page: www.freescale.com E-mail: [email protected] USA/Europe or Locations Not Listed: Freescale Semiconductor Technical Information Center, CH370 1300 N. Alma School Road Chandler, Arizona 85224 +1-800-521-6274 or +1-480-768-2130 [email protected] Europe, Middle East, and Africa: Information in this document is provided solely to enable system and Freescale Halbleiter Deutschland GmbH software implementers to use Freescale Semiconductor products. There are Technical Information Center no express or implied copyright licenses granted hereunder to design or Schatzbogen 7 fabricate any integrated circuits or integrated circuits based on the 81829 Muenchen, Germany information in this document. +44 1296 380 456 (English) +46 8 52200080 (English) Freescale Semiconductor reserves the right to make changes without further +49 89 92103 559 (German) notice to any products herein. Freescale Semiconductor makes no warranty, +33 1 69 35 48 48 (French) representation or guarantee regarding the suitability of its products for any particular purpose, nor does Freescale Semiconductor assume any liability [email protected] arising out of the application or use of any product or circuit, and specifically disclaims any and all liability, including without limitation consequential or Japan: incidental damages. “Typical” parameters that may be provided in Freescale Freescale Semiconductor Japan Ltd. Semiconductor data sheets and/or specifications can and do vary in different Headquarters applications and actual performance may vary over time. All operating ARCO Tower 15F parameters, including “Typicals”, must be validated for each customer 1-8-1, Shimo-Meguro, Meguro-ku, application by customer’s technical experts. -
Computer Hardware
Chapter Computer Hardware ENCE EXAM TOPICS COVERED IN 1 THIS CHAPTER: ✓ Computer hardware components ✓ The boot process ✓ Partitions ✓ File systems COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL Computer forensics examiners deal most often with the media on which evidentiary data is stored. This includes, but is not lim- ited to, hard drives, CDs, DVDs, fl ash memory devices, smart phones, tablets, and even legacy fl oppies and tapes. Although these devices might be the bane of the examiner’s existence, media devices don’t exist in a void, and knowledge of a computer’s various components and functions is a must for the competent examiner. As an examiner, you may be called upon to explain how a computer functions to a jury. Doing so requires you know a computer’s function from a technical standpoint and that you can translate those technical concepts into real-world, easy-to-understand terms. As an examiner, you may also be subjected to a voir dire examination by opposing coun- sel to challenge your competence to testify. Acronyms are hardly in short supply in the fi eld of computing—some well-known and meaningful, others more obscure. Imagine being asked during such an examination to explain several of the common acronyms used with computers, such as RAM, CMOS, SCSI, BIOS, and POST. If you were to draw a blank on some obscure or even common acronym, picture its impact on your credibility. Some acronyms are difficult to remember because their meaning is often obscure or meaningless. A good example is TWAIN, which stands for T ech- nology W ithout a n I nteresting N ame. -
CIS 4360 Secure Computer Systems Attacks Against Boot And
CIS 4360 Secure Computer Systems Attacks against Boot and RAM Professor Qiang Zeng Spring 2017 Previous Class • BIOS-MBR: Generation I system boot – What BIOS and MBR are? – How does it boot the system? // Jumping to MBR – How does multi-boot work? // Chain-loading • The limitations of BIOS and MBR – Disk, memory, file system, multi-booting, security, … • UEFI-GPT: Generation II system boot – What UEFI and GPT are? – How does it boot the system? // UEFI boot manager – How does multi-boot work? // separate dirs in ESP CIS 4360 – Secure Computer Systems 2 Limitations of BIOS-MBR • MBR is very limited – Support ~2TB disk only – 4 primary partitions at most (so four OSes at most) – A MBR can store only one boot loader • BIOS is very restrictive – 16-bit processor mode; 1MB memory space (little spare space to accommodate a file system driver) – Blindly executes whatever code on MBR CIS 4360 – Secure Computer Systems 3 UEFI vs. BIOS • Disk partitioning schemes – GPT (GUID Partition Table): part of UEFI spec.; to replace MBR – MBR supports disk size 232 x 512B = 2TB, while UEFI supports much larger disks (264 x 512B = 8,000,000,000 TB) – MBR supports 4 partitions, while GPT supports 128 • Memory space – BIOS: 20-bit addressing; UEFI: 32-bit or 64-bit • Pre-OS environment – BIOS only provides raw disk access, while UEFI supports the FAT file system (so you can use file names to read files) • Booting – BIOS supports boot through boot sectors (MBR and VBR) – UEFI provides a boot partition of hundreds of megabytes (and boot manager and secure boot) CIS 4360 – Secure Computer Systems 4 Previous Class How does dual-boo-ng of Linux and Windows work in UEFI-GPT? Each vendor has a separate directory storing its own boot loader code and configuraon files in the ESP (EFI System Par--on). -
Synchronizing Threads with POSIX Semaphores
3/17/2016 POSIX Semaphores Synchronizing Threads with POSIX Semaphores 1. Why semaphores? 2. Posix semaphores are easy to use sem_init sem_wait sem_post sem_getvalue sem_destroy 3. Activities 1 2 Now it is time to take a look at some code that does something a little unexpected. The program badcnt.c creates two new threads, both of which increment a global variable called cnt exactly NITER, with NITER = 1,000,000. But the program produces unexpected results. Activity 1. Create a directory called posixsem in your class Unix directory. Download in this directory the code badcnt.c and compile it using gcc badcnt.c -o badcnt -lpthread Run the executable badcnt and observe the ouput. Try it on both tanner and felix. Quite unexpected! Since cnt starts at 0, and both threads increment it NITER times, we should see cnt equal to 2*NITER at the end of the program. What happens? Threads can greatly simplify writing elegant and efficient programs. However, there are problems when multiple threads share a common address space, like the variable cnt in our earlier example. To understand what might happen, let us analyze this simple piece of code: THREAD 1 THREAD 2 a = data; b = data; a++; b--; data = a; data = b; Now if this code is executed serially (for instance, THREAD 1 first and then THREAD 2), there are no problems. However threads execute in an arbitrary order, so consider the following situation: Thread 1 Thread 2 data a = data; --- 0 a = a+1; --- 0 --- b = data; // 0 0 --- b = b + 1; 0 data = a; // 1 --- 1 --- data = b; // 1 1 So data could end up +1, 0, -1, and there is NO WAY to know which value! It is completely non- deterministic! http://www.csc.villanova.edu/~mdamian/threads/posixsem.html 1/4 3/17/2016 POSIX Semaphores The solution to this is to provide functions that will block a thread if another thread is accessing data that it is using. -
Openextensions POSIX Conformance Document
z/VM Version 7 Release 1 OpenExtensions POSIX Conformance Document IBM GC24-6298-00 Note: Before you use this information and the product it supports, read the information in “Notices” on page 73. This edition applies to version 7, release 1, modification 0 of IBM z/VM (product number 5741-A09) and to all subsequent releases and modifications until otherwise indicated in new editions. Last updated: 2018-09-12 © Copyright International Business Machines Corporation 1993, 2018. US Government Users Restricted Rights – Use, duplication or disclosure restricted by GSA ADP Schedule Contract with IBM Corp. Contents List of Tables........................................................................................................ ix About This Document............................................................................................xi Intended Audience......................................................................................................................................xi Conventions Used in This Document.......................................................................................................... xi Where to Find More Information.................................................................................................................xi Links to Other Documents and Websites.............................................................................................. xi How to Send Your Comments to IBM....................................................................xiii Summary of Changes for z/VM -
So You Think You Know C? [Pdf]
So You Think You Know C? And Ten More Short Essays on Programming Languages by Oleksandr Kaleniuk Published in 2020 This is being published under the Creative Commons Zero license. I have dedicated this work to the public domain by waiving all of my rights to the work worldwide under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights, to the extent allowed by law. You can copy, modify, distribute and perform the work, even for commercial purposes, all without asking permission. Table of Contents Introduction......................................................................................................... 4 So you think you know C?..................................................................................6 APL deserves its renaissance too.......................................................................13 Going beyond the idiomatic Python..................................................................30 Why Erlang is the only true computer language................................................39 The invisible Prolog in C++..............................................................................43 One reason you probably shouldn’t bet your whole career on JavaScript.........54 You don't have to learn assembly to read disassembly......................................57 Fortran is still a thing........................................................................................64 Learn you a Lisp in 0 minutes...........................................................................68 Blood, sweat, -
IT Acronyms.Docx
List of computing and IT abbreviations /.—Slashdot 1GL—First-Generation Programming Language 1NF—First Normal Form 10B2—10BASE-2 10B5—10BASE-5 10B-F—10BASE-F 10B-FB—10BASE-FB 10B-FL—10BASE-FL 10B-FP—10BASE-FP 10B-T—10BASE-T 100B-FX—100BASE-FX 100B-T—100BASE-T 100B-TX—100BASE-TX 100BVG—100BASE-VG 286—Intel 80286 processor 2B1Q—2 Binary 1 Quaternary 2GL—Second-Generation Programming Language 2NF—Second Normal Form 3GL—Third-Generation Programming Language 3NF—Third Normal Form 386—Intel 80386 processor 1 486—Intel 80486 processor 4B5BLF—4 Byte 5 Byte Local Fiber 4GL—Fourth-Generation Programming Language 4NF—Fourth Normal Form 5GL—Fifth-Generation Programming Language 5NF—Fifth Normal Form 6NF—Sixth Normal Form 8B10BLF—8 Byte 10 Byte Local Fiber A AAT—Average Access Time AA—Anti-Aliasing AAA—Authentication Authorization, Accounting AABB—Axis Aligned Bounding Box AAC—Advanced Audio Coding AAL—ATM Adaptation Layer AALC—ATM Adaptation Layer Connection AARP—AppleTalk Address Resolution Protocol ABCL—Actor-Based Concurrent Language ABI—Application Binary Interface ABM—Asynchronous Balanced Mode ABR—Area Border Router ABR—Auto Baud-Rate detection ABR—Available Bitrate 2 ABR—Average Bitrate AC—Acoustic Coupler AC—Alternating Current ACD—Automatic Call Distributor ACE—Advanced Computing Environment ACF NCP—Advanced Communications Function—Network Control Program ACID—Atomicity Consistency Isolation Durability ACK—ACKnowledgement ACK—Amsterdam Compiler Kit ACL—Access Control List ACL—Active Current