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Stakeholders and Initiatives on Early Warning and Civil Defense in Bangladesh

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Stakeholders and Initiatives on Early Warning and Civil Defense in Bangladesh Stakeholders and Initiatives on Early Warning and Civil Defense in Bangladesh Implemented by: Stakeholders and Initiatives on Early Warning and Civil Defense in Bangladesh Implemented by: CONTENTS Foreword from GIZ 5 Acknowledgement BDPC 7 Glossary 9 Executive Summary 13 Chapter 1 Introduction 18 Importance of Early Warning Systems 19 Chapter 2 Methodology 20 Chapter 3 Early Warning Systems and Stakeholder Mapping for Cyclone 23 3.1 The Current Dissemination System 23 3.2 Stakeholders 24 3.2.1 Bangladesh Meteorological Department (BMD) 27 3.2.2 Department of Disaster Management (DDM) 30 3.2.3 Cyclone Preparedness Programme (CPP) 32 Chapter 4 Early Warning Systems and Stakeholder Mapping for Flood 35 4.1 The Current Dissemination System 36 4.2 Stakeholders 37 4.2.1 Flood Forecasting and Warning Centre (FFWC) 37 4.2.2 Department of Disaster Management (DDM) 40 4.2.3 Flood Preparedness Programme (FPP) 40 Chapter 5 Early Warning System and Stakeholder Mapping for Drought 43 5.1 The Current Dissemination System 44 5.2 Stakeholders 45 5.2.1 Bangladesh Meteorological Department (BMD) 45 5.2.2 Department of Agricultural Extension (DAE) 46 Chapter 6 Early Warning System and Stakeholder Mapping for Landslide 47 6.1 Stakeholders 47 6.1.1 Geological Survey of Bangladesh 47 6.1.2 Comprehensive Disaster Management Programme 48 Chapter 7 Fire Service and Civil Defense 50 Civil Defense in Bangladesh 50 Urban Vulnerability to Disaster Risks 50 Stakeholders for Civil Defense in Bangladesh 50 Fire Service and Civil Defense (FSCD) 51 Mandate 51 Organization Structure 51 Services 52 Program for Enhancement of Emergency Response (PEER) 52 Current Initiatives 52 Success Stories 52 Chapter 8 GIZ – Coastal Livelihoods Adaptation Project (CLAP) 55 Chapter 9 Recommendations 56 List of Annexure 60 List of the Policies and Institutional Framework for disaster management 61 Short list of key representatives for Key Informant Interviewees 62 Source of Secondary Data 65 Sample of cyclone warning bulletins issued by BMD 67 The operation of the Storm Warning Center of BMD 68 The organizational structure of CPP 69 The dissemination system for cyclone early warning 70 Sample of a flood early warning bulletin issued by FFWC 71 Flood Preparedness Programme MoU 73 Research and Writing Team 86 Imprint 87 Foreword from GIZ Dr. Purnima Doris Chattopadhayay-Dutt Principal Advisor Coastal Livelihoods Adaptation Project (CLAP) Bangladesh has a long history of natural disasters and faces multiple challenges due to the impacts of climate change, poverty, population growth, increasing urbanisation and calamities. It is not only one of the world’s most densely populated regions, but also one of the most disaster-prone countries in the world. Over the past few decades, the country was able to minimize casualties through tremendous efforts, investments and the support of the international community, bilateral agencies and non-governmental organizations (NGOs). Despite past achievements and its leading role in disaster management and risk reduction, the loss and damage caused by catastrophes still remain high, e.g. the cyclones Aila (2009) and Sidr (2007) had lasting effects on millions of people. Furthermore, slow-onset disasters like increasing salinity, water logging, drought, etc. have immense impacts on the country and its people. Studies show that for every Euro invested in early warning systems and disaster risk reduction (DRR), between four and seven Euros of recovery costs are saved. Germany has been cooperating with Bangladesh for more than 40 years and on behalf of the German Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development (BMZ), the Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH implements projects like the Adaptation to Climate Change and Rehabilitation of Livelihoods in South Bangladesh (CLAP), to promote DRR and climate change adaptation (CCA). I would like to express my gratitude to Muhammad Saidur Rahman (Director of BDPC) for his effort to prepare this publication and using his experience and extensive knowledge to make a valuable contribution to analyse the stakeholders and early warning system of Bangladesh. Furthermore I would also like to thank the Global Initiative on Disaster Risk Management (GIDRM) of GIZ and in particular Olaf Handloegten and Stephan Huppertz for their cooperation and support. February 2015 5 BANGLADESH DISASTER PREPAREDNESS CENTRE House # 151A, Road # 8, Gulshan 1, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh Phone : +88 (02) 986 2769, 988 0573, 881 9718, Fax: +88 (02) 986 2169 E-mail: [email protected]. web: www.bdpc.orq.bd Acknowledgement The impact of natural hazards could be significantly reduced by structural and nonstructural measures. The first one requires huge capital investment for physical infrastructure developments such as construction of embankments, dikes, cyclone shelters etc. Resource-constrained countries like Bangladesh should focus more on low-cost non- structural measures, of which early warning dissemination at community level is one of the most important components. We are grateful to GIZ, fur taking the right initiative at the right time to commission a study with the objective to identify and analyse the national and international stakeholders and their initiatives in tile field of early warning and civil defense in Bangladesh. Allhamdulillah (thanks to ALLAH), in spite of the political unrests severely restricting travels and movements, this report has been made possible due to the support and cooperation received from many individuals and organizations engaged in the field of disaster management in Bangladesh. My appreciation and gratitude to all of them, some to mention are: Mr. Mohammad Abdul Qayyum (National Project Director - Comprehensive Disaster Management Programme), Mr. Mohammad Abdul Waned (Director General, Department of Disaster Management), Brig. Gen. Ali Ahmed Khan (Director General, Fire Service and Civil Defense), Mr. Ahsan Zakir (Executive Chairman of BARIND project). Mr. Moniruzzan Chowdhry (Joint Secretary, Ministry of Disaster Management and Relief) and Engr. Selim Bhuiyan (Former Chief Engineer, Bangladesh Water Development Board). Special thanks to my colleagues in Bangladesh Disaster Preparedness Centre, for assisting me in conducting interviews in Dhaka and compiling information collected from various sources. I am indebted to my friends who conducted Focus Group Discussions rod Key Informant Interviews in remote and high risk auras. Finally, I hardly have words to express my deep sense of gratitude to Dr. Purnima Doris Chattopadhayay-Dutt, Principal Advisor of GIZ, and her colleagues in Dhaka and Bonn for the level of confidence and trust they have shorn in us. Muhammad Saidur Rahman Lead-Consultant and Director Professionals in Disaster Risk Management Risk Reduction through Community Empowerment Community Adaptation to Climate Change, Action Research, Planning and Strategy Formulation, Capacity Building and Training, Pre-disaster Preparedness, Post Disaster Response Monitoring, Material Development, Monitoring and Evaluation. 7 Glossary ADB Asian Development Bank ADPC Asian Disaster Preparedness Centre AFD Armed Forces Division AIS Agriculture Information Service AMCDRR Asian Ministerial Conference on Disaster Risk Reduction AWOS Automatic Weather Observation System BCCSAP Bangladesh Climate Change Strategy and Action Plan BDPC Bangladesh Disaster Preparedness Centre BDRCS Bangladesh Red Crescent Society BMD Bangladesh Meteorological Department BMDA Barind Multipurpose Development Authority BTV Bangladesh Television BWDB Bangladesh Water Development Board CBS Cell Broadcasting System CDMP Comprehensive Disaster Management Programme CEGIS Center for Environment and Geographic Information Services CERDI Central Extension Resource and Development Institute CPP Cyclone Preparedness Programme DA Department of Agriculture DAE Department of Agriculture Extension DDM Department of Disaster Management DDMC District Disaster Management Committee DEM Department of Emergency Management DIANA Digital Analysis DMC Disaster Management Committee DMC Disaster Management Committee DMIC Disaster Management Information Center DMRD Disaster Management and Relief Division DRRO District Relief and Rehabilitation Officer DSM Digital Surface Model ECMWF European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts ECRRP Emergency Cyclone Recovery and Restoration Process EOC Emergency Operations Center EU European Union EWS Early Warning System FFWC Flood Forecasting and Warning Centre FGD Focused Group Discussion FPP Flood Preparedness Programme 9 GBM Ganges-Brahmaputra- Meghna GIS Geographic Information System GIZ Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit GmbH GIDRM Global Initiative for Disaster Risk Management GoB Government of Bangladesh GPDRR Global Platform for Disaster Risk Reduction GSB Geological Survey of Bangladesh GSM Global System for Mobile Communication GTS Global Telecommunication System HCTT Humanitarian Country Task Team HFA Hyogo Framework for Action ICT Information and Communication Technology IFRCS International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies IIT-D Indian Institute of Technology Delhi IMD Indian Meteorological Department IMO International Migration Office IPCC Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change IVR Interactive Voice Response IWM Institute of Water Modeling JAXA Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency JICA Japan International Cooperation Agency KII Key Informant Interviews LAN Local Area Network M&GC Meteorological Geo-Physical Centre MFA Ministry
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