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INORGANIC and ORGANIC LEAD COMPOUNDS 1. Exposure Data

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INORGANIC and ORGANIC LEAD COMPOUNDS 1. Exposure Data P 039-074 DEF.qxp 09/08/2006 11:04 Page 39 INORGANIC AND ORGANIC LEAD COMPOUNDS Metallic lead and several inorganic and organic lead compounds have been considered by previous working groups convened by IARC (IARC, 1972, 1973, 1976, 1980, 1987). New data have since become available, and these are included in the present monograph and have been taken into consideration in the evaluation. The agents considered in this monograph are some inorganic and organic lead compounds. 1. Exposure Data 1.1 Chemical and physical data 1.1.1 Nomenclature, synonyms, trade names, molecular formulae, chemical and physical properties Synonyms, trade names and molecular formulae for lead and some inorganic and organic lead compounds are presented in Table 1. The lead compounds shown are those for which data on carcinogenicity or mutagenicity are available or which are commercially most important. The list is not exhaustive. Selected chemical and physical properties of the lead compounds listed in Table 1 are presented in Table 2. Lead (atomic number, 82; relative atomic mass, 207.2) has a valence +2 or +4. The alchemists believed lead to be the oldest metal and associated it with the planet Saturn. Lead is a bluish-white metal of bright lustre, is very soft, highly malleable, ductile and a poor conductor of electricity. It is very resistant to corrosion; lead pipes bearing the insignia of Roman emperors, used as drains from the baths, are still in service (Lide, 2003). Natural lead is a mixture of four stable isotopes: 204Pb (1.4%), 206Pb (25.2%), 207Pb (21.7%) and 208Pb (51.7%) (O’Neil, 2003). Lead isotopes are the end-products of each of the three series of naturally occurring radioactive elements: 206Pb for the uranium series, 207Pb for the acti- nium series and 208Pb for the thorium series. Forty-three other isotopes of lead, all of which are radioactive, are recognized (Lide, 2003). –39– P 039-074DEF.qxp09/08/200611:04Page40 40 Table 1. Synonyms and trade names, registry numbers, molecular formulae, and molecular weights for lead and lead compounds Chemical name Synonyms and trade names (Chemical Abstracts Service name in italics) CAS registry Molecular formula Molecular numbera weightb Calcium plumbate Pigment Brown 10 12013-69-3 Ca2PbO4 [351.4] Lead, lead powder C.I. 77575; C.I. Pigment Metal 4; Lead element; Lead Flake; Lead S 2; 7439-92-1 Pbc 207.2c Pb-S 100; SSO 1 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 87 IARC MONOGRAPHS Lead acetate Acetic acid, lead(2+) salt; acetic acid lead salt (2:1); dibasic lead 301-04-2 Pb(C2H3O2)2 325.3 acetate; lead bis(acetate); lead diacetate; lead dibasic acetate; lead(2+) acetate; lead(II) acetate; neutral lead acetate; normal lead acetate; plumbous acetate; salt of Saturn; sugar of lead Lead acetate Acetic acid, lead(2+) salt, trihydrate; lead diacetate trihydrate; lead(II) 6080-56-4 Pb(C2H3O2)2·3H2O 379.3 trihydrate acetate trihydrate; plumbous acetate trihydrate; sugar of lead Lead arsenate Arsenic acid (H3AsO4), lead(2+) salt (2:3); lead(2+) orthoarsenate 3687-31-8 Pb3(AsO4)2 899.4 (Pb3(AsO4)2); Nu Rexform; trilead diarsenate Lead azide Lead azide (Pb(N3)2); lead azide (PbN6); lead diazide; lead(2+) azide; 13424-46-9 Pb(N3)2 291.2 RD 1333 [85941-57-7] Lead bromide Lead bromide (PbBr2); lead dibromide 10031-22-8 PbBr2 367.0 Lead carbonate Carbonic acid, lead(2+) salt (1:1); lead carbonate (PbCO3); basic lead 598-63-0 PbCO3 267.2 carbonate; dibasic lead carbonate; lead(2+) carbonate; plumbous carbonate; cerussite; white lead Lead chloride Lead chloride (PbCl2); lead dichloride; lead(2+) chloride; lead(II) 7758-95-4 PbCl2 278.1 chloride; plumbous chloride; natural cotunite Lead chromate Chromic acid (H2CrO4), lead(2+) salt (1:1); lead chromate(VI); lead 7758-97-6 PbCrO4 323.2 chromate (PbCrO4); lead chromium oxide (PbCrO4); plumbous [8049-64-7] chromate; Royal Yellow 6000; chrome yellow Lead fluoride Lead fluoride (PbF2); lead difluoride; lead difluoride (PbF2); lead(2+) 7783-46-2 PbF2 245.2 fluoride; plumbous fluoride [106496-44-0] P 039-074DEF.qxp09/08/200611:04Page41 Table 1 (contd) Chemical name Synonyms and trade names (Chemical Abstracts Service name in italics) CAS registry Molecular formula Molecular numbera weightb Lead fluoroborate Borate(1-), tetrafluoro-, lead(2+) salt (2:1); borate(1-), tetrafluoro-, 13814-96-5 Pb(BF4)2 380.8 lead(2+); lead fluoborate; lead tetrafluoroborate; lead boron fluoride; [35254-34-3] AND ORGANICLEADCOMPOUNDS INORGANIC lead fluoroborate (Pb(BF4)2); lead(II) tetrafluoroborate Lead hydrogen Arsenic acid (H3AsO4), lead(2+) salt (1:1); lead arsenate (PbHAsO4); 7784-40-9 PbHAsO4 347.1 arsenate acid lead arsenate; arsenic acid lead salt; lead acid arsenate; lead [14034-76-5; arsenate; lead hydrogen arsenate (PbHAsO4); lead(2+) monohydrogen 37196-28-4] arsenate Lead iodide Lead iodide (PbI2); C.I. 77613; lead diiodide; lead(II) iodide; plumbous 10101-63-0 PbI2 461.0 iodide [82669-93-0] Lead naphthenate Naphthenic acids, lead salts; lead naphthenates; naphthenic acid, lead 61790-14-5 Unspecified salt; Naphthex Pb; Trokyd Lead Lead nitrate Nitric acid, lead(2+) salt; lead dinitrate; lead nitrate (Pb(NO3)2); 10099-74-8 Pb(NO3)2 331.2 lead(2+) bis(nitrate); lead(2+) nitrate; lead(II) nitrate; plumbous nitrate [18256-98-9] Lead dioxide Lead oxide (PbO2); C.I. 77580; lead brown; lead oxide brown; lead 1309-60-0 PbO2 239.2 peroxide; lead superoxide; lead(IV) oxide; plumbic oxide; Thiolead A [60525-54-4] Lead monoxide Lead oxide (PbO); C.I. 77577; C.I. Pigment Yellow 46; lead 1317-36-8 PbO 223.2 monooxide; lead oxide yellow; lead protoxide; lead(2+) oxide; lead(II) [1309-59-7; oxide; litharge; Litharge S; Litharge Yellow L-28; plumbous oxide; 12359-23-8] yellow lead ochre Lead trioxide Lead trioxide (Pb2O3); C.I. 77579; lead sesquioxide; lead sesquioxide 1314-27-8 Pb2O3 462.4 (Pb2O3); plumbous plumbate Lead phosphate Phosphoric acid, lead(2+) salt (2:3); lead phosphate (Pb3P2O8); C.I. 7446-27-7 Pb3(PO4)2 811.5 77622; C.I. Pigment White 30; lead diphosphate; lead orthophosphate; lead phosphate (3:2); lead(2+) phosphate (Pb3(PO4)2); lead(II) phosphate (3:2); Perlex Paste 500; Perlex Paste 600A; Trilead phosphate; lead phosphate dibasic 41 P 039-074DEF.qxp09/08/200611:04Page42 42 Table 1 (contd) Chemical name Synonyms and trade names (Chemical Abstracts Service name in italics) CAS registry Molecular formula Molecular numbera weightb Lead phosphite, Dibasic lead phosphite; lead dibasic phosphite; dibasic lead 1344-40-7 2PbO·PbHPO3·1/2H2O [743] dibasic metaphosphate; C.I. 77620; lead oxide phosphonate, hemihydrate Lead molybdate Lead molybdate(VI); lead molybdate oxide (PbMoO4) 10190-55-3 PbMoO4 367.1 Lead stearate Octadecanoic acid, lead(2+) salt; 5002G; lead distearate; lead(2+) 1072-35-1 Pb(C18H35O2)2 774.1 VOLUME 87 IARC MONOGRAPHS octadecanoate; lead(2+) stearate; lead(II) octadecanoate; lead(II) [11097-78-2; stearate; Listab 28ND; Pbst; SL 1000 (stabilizer); SLG; Stabinex NC18; 37223-82-8] stearic acid, lead(2+) salt Lead stearate, Dibasic lead stearate; Listab 51; lead, bis(octadecanoato)dioxodi-; 56189-09-4 2PbO·Pb(C17H35COO)2 1220 dibasic stearic acid, lead salt, dibasic Lead styphnate 1,3-Benzenediol, 2,4,6-trinitro-, lead(2+) salt (1:1); 2,4-dioxa-3- 15245-44-0 Pb(C6H3N3O8) [452.3] plumbabicyclo[3.3.1]nona-1(9),5,7-triene, 3,3-didehydro-6,8,9-trinitro-; [4219-19-6; lead, [styphnato(2-)]-; lead tricinate; lead trinitroresorcinate; Tricinat; 6594-85-0; 2,4,6-trinitroresorcinol, lead(2+) salt (1:1) 59286-40-7; 63918-97-8] Lead subacetate Lead, bis(acetato-êO)tetrahydroxytri-; lead acetate (Pb3(AcO)2(OH)4); 1335-32-6 Pb(CH3COO)2·2Pb(OH)2 807.7 lead, bis(acetato)-tetrahydroxytri-; lead, bis(acetato-O)tetra-hydroxytri-; bis(acetato)dihydroxytrilead; lead acetate hydroxide (Pb3(OAc)2(OH)4); lead acetate, basic; monobasic lead acetate Lead sulfate Sulfuric acid, lead(2+) salt (1:1); Anglislite; C.I. 77630; C.I. Pigment 7446-14-2 PbSO4 303.3 White 3; Fast White; Freemans White Lead; HB 2000; Lead Bottoms; [37251-28-8] lead monosulfate; lead(II) sulfate (1:1); lead(2+) sulfate; lead(II) sulfate; Milk White; Mulhouse White; TS 100; TS 100 (sulfate); TS-E; sublimed white lead Lead sulfide Lead sulfide (PbS); C.I. 77640; lead monosulfide; lead sulfide (1:1); 1314-87-0 PbS 239.3 lead(2+) sulfide; lead(II) sulfide; natural lead sulfide; P 128; P 37; [51682-73-6] plumbous sulfide P 039-074DEF.qxp09/08/200611:04Page43 Table 1 (contd) INORGANIC AND ORGANICLEADCOMPOUNDS INORGANIC Chemical name Synonyms and trade names (Chemical Abstracts Service name in italics) CAS registry Molecular formula Molecular numbera weightb Lead tetraoxide Lead oxide (Pb3O4); Azarcon; C.I. 77578; C.I. Pigment Red 105; Entan; 1314-41-6 Pb3O4 685.6 Gold Satinobre; Heuconin 5; lead orthoplumbate; lead oxide (3:4); lead [12684-34-3] oxide red; lead tetroxide; Mennige; Mineral Orange; Mineral red; Minium; Minium Non-Setting RL 95; Minium red; Orange Lead; Paris Red; red lead; red lead oxide; Sandix; Saturn Red; trilead tetraoxide; trilead tetroxide; plumboplumbic oxide Lead thiocyanate Thiocyanic acid, lead(2+) salt; lead bis(thiocyanate); lead dithiocyanate; 592-87-0 Pb(SCN)2 323.4 lead(2+) thiocyanate; lead(II) thiocyanate [10382-36-2] Tetraethyl lead Plumbane, tetraethyl-; lead, tetraethyl-; TEL; tetraethyllead; 78-00-2 Pb(C2H5)4 323.5 tetraethylplumbane Tetramethyl lead Plumbane, tetramethyl-; lead, tetramethyl-; tetramethyllead; 75-74-1 Pb(CH3)4 267.3 tetramethylplumbane; TML From IARC (1980); Lide (2003); National Library of Medicine (2003); O’Neil (2003); STN International (2003) a Deleted Chemical Abstracts Service numbers shown in square brackets b Values in square brackets were calculated from the molecular formula.
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