Lipid Biology of Archaea

Archaea Lipid Biology of Archaea Guest Editors: Angela Corcelli, Parkson Lee-Gau Chong, and Yosuke Koga Lipid Biology of Archaea Archaea Lipid Biology of Archaea Guest Editors: Angela Corcelli, Parkson Lee-Gau Chong, and Yosuke Koga Copyright © 2012 Hindawi Publishing Corporation. All rights reserved. This is a special issue published in “Archaea.” All articles are open access articles distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Editorial Board Maqsudul Alam, USA Dennis W. Grogan, USA Alla Nozhevnikova, Russia Sonja-Verena Albers, Germany Robert P. Gunsalus, USA Francesca M. Pisani, Italy Ricardo Amils, Spain Reinhard Hensel, Germany Marina Porcelli, Italy Haruyuki Atomi, Japan Li Huang, China David Prangishvili, France N. K. Birkeland, Norway Michael Ibba, USA Reinhard Rachel, Germany Paul H. Blum, USA Yoshizumi Ishino, Japan Anna-Louise Reysenbach, USA E. Bonch-Osmolovskaya, Russia Toshio Iwasaki, Japan Frank T. Robb, USA Mar´ıa Jose´ Bonete, Spain Zvi Kelman, USA F. Rodriguez-Valera, Spain Giovanna Cacciapuoti, Italy Serve´ Kengen, The Netherlands Roberto Scandurra, Italy IsaacK.O.Cann,USA Hans-Peter Klenk, Germany Kevin R. Sowers, USA Daniel¨ Charlier, Belgium Paola Londei, Italy Stefan Spring, Germany Antoine Danchin, France Peter A. Lund, UK Michael Thomm, Germany Uwe Deppenmeier, Germany Giuseppe Manco, Italy Herman van Tilbeurgh, France Nejat Duzg¨ unes,¨ USA William W. Metcalf, USA A. Ventosa, Spain Jerry Eichler, Israel Marco Moracci, Italy William B. Whitman, USA Harald Engelhardt, Germany Masaaki Morikawa, Japan Masafumi Yohda, Japan Michael W. Friedrich, Germany Volker Mueller, Germany Chuanlun Zhang, USA Toshiaki Fukui, Japan Biswarup Mukhopadhyay, USA C. Zwieb, USA Roger Garrett, Denmark Katsuhiko Murakami, USA Contents Lipid Biology of Archaea, Angela Corcelli, Parkson Lee-Gau Chong, and Yosuke Koga Volume 2012, Article ID 710836, 2 pages Phylogenomic Investigation of Phospholipid Synthesis in Archaea, Jonathan Lombard, Purificacion´ Lopez-Garc´ ´ıa, and David Moreira Volume 2012, Article ID 630910, 13 pages Coupled TLC and MALDI-TOF/MS Analyses of the Lipid Extract of the Hyperthermophilic Archaeon Pyrococcus furiosus, Simona Lobasso, Patrizia Lopalco, Roberto Angelini, Rita Vitale, Harald Huber, Volker Muller,¨ and Angela Corcelli Volume 2012, Article ID 957852, 10 pages Synthetic Archaeosome Vaccines Containing Triglycosylarchaeols Can Provide Additive and Long-Lasting Immune Responses That Are Enhanced by Archaetidylserine, G. Dennis Sprott, Angela Yeung, Chantal J. Dicaire, Siu H. Yu, and Dennis M. Whitfield Volume 2012, Article ID 513231, 9 pages Lipids of Archaeal Viruses, Elina Roine and Dennis H. Bamford Volume 2012, Article ID 384919, 8 pages On Physical Properties of Tetraether Lipid Membranes: Effects of Cyclopentane Rings, Parkson Lee-Gau Chong, Umme Ayesa, Varsha Prakash Daswani, and Ellah Chay Hur Volume 2012, Article ID 138439, 11 pages Thermal Adaptation of the Archaeal and Bacterial Lipid Membranes,YosukeKoga Volume 2012, Article ID 789652, 6 pages Effect of Growth Medium pH of Aeropyrum pernix on Structural Properties and Fluidity of Archaeosomes, Ajda Ota, Dejan Gmajner, Marjeta Sentjurc,ˇ and Natasaˇ Poklar Ulrih Volume 2012, Article ID 285152, 9 pages Novel Cardiolipins from Uncultured Methane-Metabolizing Archaea, Marcos Y. Yoshinaga, Lars Wormer,¨ Marcus Elvert, and Kai-Uwe Hinrichs Volume 2012, Article ID 832097, 9 pages Archaeal Phospholipid Biosynthetic Pathway Reconstructed in Escherichia coli,TakeruYokoi, Keisuke Isobe, Tohru Yoshimura, and Hisashi Hemmi Volume 2012, Article ID 438931, 9 pages Hindawi Publishing Corporation Archaea Volume 2012, Article ID 710836, 2 pages doi:10.1155/2012/710836 Editorial Lipid Biology of Archaea Angela Corcelli,1 Parkson Lee-Gau Chong,2 and Yosuke Koga3 1 Department of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Piazza G. Cesare, 70124 Bari, Italy 2 Department of Biochemistry, Temple University School of Medicine, 3420 North Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA 3 Department of Chemistry, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu 807-8555, Japan Correspondence should be addressed to Angela Corcelli, [email protected] Received 13 November 2012; Accepted 13 November 2012 Copyright © 2012 Angela Corcelli et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Today, there is increasing awareness of the multiple dynamic chemical properties and biotechnological applications of roles of lipids in cell life. archaeal lipids, mass spectrometry lipid analyses and lipids Knowing how lipid molecular species are organized, of the archaeal viruses. interact with proteins, and change with environmental stress An updated phylogenic analysis of enzymes involved in and metabolic state is crucial to understanding the mem- archaeal phospholipid biosynthetic pathways is presented by brane structure and the cellular functions. the group of D. Moreira. The biosynthetic pathways have The present view of lipid biology arises from the avail- also been analyzed from the experimental point of view in ability of technologies able to detect even minor lipid com- a study of the group of H. Hemmii, which has expressed 4 ponents with short lifetimes. In the late 1990s, the technical genes involved in the biosynthesis of archaeal phospholipids innovation in mass spectrometry led to the development in E. coli resulting in the production of archaeal-type lipids in of “lipidomics” as an evolution of lipid biochemistry. Fur- the bacterium; in the future such engineered E. coli cells may thermore, progress in microscopy and the availability of serve to test the properties of mixed membranes constituted many types of fluorescent probes, together with genetic of both archaeal and bacterial phospholipids. engineering, presently offer the possibility to move quickly Lipid components of the membranes of Pyrococcus towards lipid systems biology. As a consequence, besides furiosus have been analyzed by MALDI/TOF-MS coupled being able to analyze major and minor lipids of all structures to TLC in a study of S. Lobasso et al.; while lipids of and sizes by mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic uncultured methanogens present in geological samples have resonance, we can study topology, structural organization, been detailed characterized by ESI-MS by M. Y. Yoshinaga and dynamics of lipids by microscopy and fluorescent probes et al. in living cells and microbes. The ability of archaeal lipids to act as adjuvant in vaccines Lipids are among the taxonomic traits that can be used designed to give protection against solid tumor has been to clearly delineate the archaea from all other organisms. examinedinastudybyG.D.Sprottetal. Archaeal phospholipids are built on glycero-1-phosphate and A review article by E. Roine and D. H. Bamford describes contain ether-linked isoprenoid chains, while bacterial and the specific lipid components of viral membranes of archaeal eukaryal lipids are constituted of fatty acids ester-linked viruses, in the frame of their possible functional roles in the to glycero-3-phosphate. The radical structural differences mechanism of infection. between lipids of archaea and bacteria or eukaryotes raise The chemical physical properties of the lipid core of many questions about early evolution of cell membranes. membranes constituted of archaeal diether lipids have been This special issue contains selected papers dealing examined in a study by A. Ota et al. by using fluorescence with archaeal phospholipid biosynthetic pathways, physical steady-state anisotropy and electron paramagnetic resonance 2 Archaea measurements and in a review article of P. L. Chong et al. where the role of cyclopentane rings in the lipid chains of tetraether lipids on membrane fluidity is examined. Finally an interesting contribution of Y. Koga compar- atively examines the different mode of adaptation to high temperature of archaea and bacteria pointing out the role that differences in chemical physical properties of archaeal and bacterial lipids might have played in the differentiation of archaea and bacteria during evolution. We hope that this issue will contribute to the understanding of the multiple roles of lipids in the cell biology of archaea and will stimulate further investigation in this field, opened by the pioneering studies of Morris Kates in the 60s. Angela Corcelli Parkson Lee-Gau Chong Yosuke Koga Hindawi Publishing Corporation Archaea Volume 2012, Article ID 630910, 13 pages doi:10.1155/2012/630910 Review Article Phylogenomic Investigation of Phospholipid Synthesis in Archaea Jonathan Lombard, Purificacion´ Lopez-Garc´ ıa,´ and David Moreira Unité d’Ecologie Systématique et Evolution, CNRS UMR 8079, Université Paris-Sud, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France Correspondence should be addressed to David Moreira, [email protected] Received 8 August 2012; Accepted 3 September 2012 Academic Editor: Angela Corcelli Copyright © 2012 Jonathan Lombard et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Archaea have idiosyncratic cell membranes usually based on phospholipids containing glycerol-1-phosphate

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