DOCSLIB.ORG

Explorations in Semantic Parallelism

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Explorations in Semantic Parallelism Explorations in Semantic Parallelism Explorations in Semantic Parallelism James J. Fox Published by ANU Press The Australian National University Canberra ACT 0200, Australia Email: [email protected] This title is also available online at http://press.anu.edu.au National Library of Australia Cataloguing-in-Publication entry Author: Fox, James J, 1940 - author. Title: Explorations in semantic parallelism / James J. Fox. ISBN: 9781922144690 (paperback) 9781925021066 (ebook) Subjects: Semantics. Parallelism (Linguistics) Dewey Number: 401.43 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying or otherwise, without the prior permission of the publisher. Cover design by Nic Welbourn and layout by ANU Press Printed by Griffin Press This edition © 2014 ANU Press Contents Acknowledgments . vii Dedication . xi Comparative Issues 1 . Introduction . 3 2 . Roman Jakobson and the comparative study of parallelism . 19 3 . Trajectories in the continuing study of parallelism . 41 4 . Semantic parallelism in Rotenese ritual language . 91 5 . ‘Our ancestors spoke in pairs’ . 129 6 . On binary categories and primary symbols . 149 7 . Category and complement . 181 8 . Exploring oral formulaic language . 201 The Traditional Oral Canon 9 . Genealogies of the Sun and Moon . 219 10 . Manu Kama’s road, Tepa Nilu’s path . 229 11 . Genealogy and topogeny . 265 12 . Blood-red millet: An origin narrative . 277 13 . Admonitions of the ancestors: Giving voice to the deceased . 283 14 . To the aroma of the name: The celebration of a ritual of rock and tree . 295 The Christian Oral Canon 15 . The appropriation of Biblical knowledge in the creation of new narratives of origin . 317 16 . Adam and Eve on the island of Rote . 343 17 . The Rotenese sermon as a linguistic performance . 355 18 . Present and future research . 365 Bibliography . 387 Appendix: Petrus Malesi’s Recitation Of ‘The Coming Of Rice’ . 419 Index . 433 Acknowledgments This volume in the ANU Press’s Summations series comprises a collection of my published papers on parallelism to which I have added an introduction and a conclusion. I have also added a couple of papers intended to extend the scope of the presentation of my research on parallelism. The preparation of this volume has given me the opportunity to make minor corrections and changes to each of my previously published articles. I have also slightly altered some of the introductions to these papers to give them an overall coherence in this context. These papers follow developments in my research on parallelism and I am grateful to the publishers of the original articles for their permission to reprint them. I wish to acknowledge my debt to the organisations and presses that originally hosted these publications. Specifically, I express my thanks to the following. The Koninklijk Instituut voor Taal-, Land en Volkenkunde for permission to publish the following three papers • 1971 ‘Semantic parallelism in Rotinese ritual language’ in Bijdragen tot de Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde 127:215–55. • 1989 ‘To the aroma of the name: the celebration of a Rotinese ritual of rock and tree’ in Bijdragen tot de Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde 145:520–38. • 2003 ‘Admonitions of the ancestors: giving voice to the deceased in Rotinese mortuary rituals’, in P. J. M. Nas, G. Persoon and R. Jaffe (eds) Framing Indonesian Realities: Essays in symbolic anthropology in honour of Reimar Schefold, pp. 15–26. Leiden: KITLV Press. Cambridge University Press for permission to publish the following two papers • 1974 ‘“Our ancestors spoke in pairs”: Rotinese views of language, dialect and code’ in R. Bauman and J. Sherzer (eds) Explorations in the Ethnography of Speaking, pp. 65–85. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. • 1988 ‘“Manu Kama’s road, Tepa Nilu’s path”: theme, narrative and formula in Rotinese ritual language’ in J. J. Fox (ed.) To Speak in Pairs: Essays on the ritual languages of eastern Indonesia, pp. 161–201. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Pacific Linguistics at The Australian National University for permission to publish the following two papers • 1982 ‘The Rotinese Chotbah as a linguistic performance’, in A. Halim, L. Carrington and S. A. Wurm (eds) Accent on Variety, Papers from the Third vii Explorations in Semantic Parallelism International Conference on Linguistics Vol. 3, pp. 311–18. Canberra: Pacific Linguistics. • 2010 ‘Exploring oral formulaic language: a five poet analysis’ in J. Bowden and N. P. Himmelman (eds) A Journey through Austronesian and Papuan Linguistics and Cultural Space. Canberra: Pacific Linguistics. The Association of Social Anthropologists of the Commonwealth for permission to publish the following paper • 1975 ‘On binary categories and primary symbols: some Rotinese perspectives’, in R. Willis (ed.) The Interpretation of Symbolism, ASA Studies 2, pp. 99–132. London: Malaby Press. Southeast Asia Program Publications at Cornell University for permission to publish the following paper that appeared in the journal Indonesia • 1983 ‘Adam and Eve on the island of Roti: a conflation of oral and written traditions’ in Indonesia 36:15–23. University of Michigan Press for permission to publish the following paper • 1989 ‘Category and complement: binary ideologies and the organization of dualism in eastern Indonesia’, in D. Maybury-Lewis and U. Almagor (eds) The Attraction of Opposites: Thought and society in a dualistic mode, pp. 33– 56. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press. A version of the paper entitled ‘Blood-red millet: an origin narrative’ was originally published in German as follows • 2008 ‘Blutrote Hirse. Eine locale Ursprungserzählung von der Insel Roti’, in V. Gottowik, H. Jebens and E. Platte (eds) Zwischen Aneignung und Verfremdung: Ethnologische Gratwanderung, pp. 401–9. Frankfurt: Campus. I express my gratitude to Peter de Ridder and the Peter de Ridder Press, which appears to have ceased publishing in 1986, for the following paper • 1977 ‘Roman Jakobson and the comparative study of parallelism’, in C. H. van Schooneveld and D. Armstrong (eds) Roman Jakobson: Echoes of his scholarship, pp. 59–90. Lisse: Peter de Ridder Press. I also express my gratitude to the Assosiasi Antropologi Indonesia for the following paper • 1997 ‘Genealogies of the sun and moon: interpreting the canon of Rotinese ritual chants’, in E. K. M. Masinambow (ed.) Koentjaraningrat dan Antropologi di Indonesia, pp. 321–30. Jakarta: Assosiasi Antropologi Indonesia/Yayasan Obor. Over the years, many individuals have supported me in my research on parallelism. In the endnotes to my various papers, I specifically thank those who gave me advice and comment at the time. Here I want to thank those who have viii Acknowledgments been involved in helping me put together this volume and assisting me in my current research on parallelism. First and foremost, I thank my wife, Irmgard, who has been with me from the time of our first fieldwork and, over the years, has read and reread all my writings, and corrected and advised me on my work. I would also like to thank all of the Rotenese poets whom I have known and recorded over many decades but I would like to extend special thanks to Esau Pono, my oldest living colleague on Rote, whom I first came to know in 1965 and with whom I have continued to work until the present. He is a close friend and collaborator with whom I share many memories. I would also like to thank three individuals who have joined me in my most recent research efforts. The first of these is the late Dr Tom Therik, who helped organise the first three gatherings of poets on Bali; Dr Lintje Pellu, who joined the second gathering of poets and has organised and joined all the subsequent poet gatherings; and Dr David Butterworth, who worked as my research assistant and joined our third gathering. In addition, I would like to thank Jennifer Sheehan of the Cartography Unit in the College of Asia and the Pacific for all of the charts and diagrams she has produced for this volume. For the record, these charts, diagrams and figures are all of my creation; the translations from the Rotenese are my personal attempts to convey the beauty of Rotenese poety while still retaining its parallel structure; and the photographs of Rote in this volume are from my extensive archive of photographs dating back to 1965. The film clip of the poet, Peu Malesi, included in this volume was taken by Tim Asch during our joint film expedition to Rote in 1977. I was responsible for sound recording. ix Dedication ’Old Meno’, Stefanus Adulanu, my first and foremost teacher on Rote xi Comparative Issues 1. Introduction Since 1965, when I first began to record and attempt to understand the ritual poetry of the Rotenese, the study of semantic parallelism has been a major focus of my research. My chief concern has been with the semantics of canonical parallelism. In my view, the study of parallelism and particularly the study of canonical parallelism is no minor subject but is, in fact, a matter of central theoretical importance for both anthropology and linguistics. To introduce this collection of papers, let me begin by offering some explanation of the importance I attach to research on this topic. Parallelism as a focus for research Parallelism describes the common tendency to resort to the pairing of words and phrases to provide emphasis, authority or significance to an expression of ideas. It is a common, frequently used rhetorical device in many forms of elevated speech. It is also a recurrent feature of poetic discourse—what the linguist Roman Jakobson has called the ‘poetic artifice…of recurrent returns’, or, in a similar vein, what the poet Gerald Manley Hopkins referred to as ‘the repeated figure’ in poetry. Examples of such parallelism are numerous and can be encountered daily.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Circumambulation in Indian Pilgrimage: Meaning And
    232 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC & ENGINEERING RESEARCH, VOLUME 12, ISSUE 1, JANUARY-2021 ISSN 2229-5518 Circumambulation in Indian pilgrimage: Meaning and manifestation Santosh Kumar Abstract— Our ancient literature is full of examples where pilgrimage became an immensely popular way of achieving spiritual aims while walking. In India, many communities have attached spiritual importance to particular places or to the place where people feel a spiritual awakening. Circumambulation (pradakshina) around that sacred place becomes the key point of prayer and offering. All these circumambulation spaces are associated with the shrines or sacred places referring to auspicious symbolism. In Indian tradition, circumambulation has been practice in multiple scales ranging from a deity or tree to sacred hill, river, and city. The spatial character of the path, route, and street, shift from an inside dwelling to outside in nature or city, depending upon the central symbolism. The experience of the space while walking through sacred space remodel people's mental and physical character. As a result, not only the sacred space but their design and physical characteristics can be both meaningful and valuable to the public. This research has been done by exploring in two stage to finalize the conclusion, In which First stage will involve a literature exploration of Hindu and Buddhist scripture to understand the meaning and significance of circumambulation and in second, will investigate the architectural manifestation of various element in circumambulatory which help to attain its meaning and true purpose. Index Terms— Pilgrimage, Circumambulation, Spatial, Sacred, Path, Hinduism, Temple architecture —————————— —————————— 1 Introduction Circumambulation ‘Pradakshinā’, According to Rig Vedic single light source falling upon central symbolism plays a verses1, 'Pra’ used as a prefix to the verb and takes on the vital role.
    [Show full text]
  • Indonesia Film Expedition 2005 Final Report: November 2005
    Indonesia Film Expedition 2005 Final Report: November 2005 Exploration Committee Agenda 07.12.05 Paper M INDONESIA FILM EXPEDITION 2005 FINAL REPORT by Max Goldzweig and Rebecca Lomax November 2005 Max Goldzweig and Rebecca Lomax 1 Indonesia Film Expedition 2005 Final Report: November 2005 TABLE OF CONTENTS Page 1. INTRODUCTION 3 2. EXPEDITION AIMS 3 3. THE TEAM 3 4. PRE-PRODUCTION STAGE 4 4.1 Research and Development 4 5. FILM PROPOSAL 5 6. PRODUCTION STAGE 7 6.1 Arrival 7 6.2 Filming 8 6.3 Interviews 12 7. POST-PRODUCTION STAGE 16 7.1 Editing 16 8. PEOPLE AND ORGANISATIONS 17 9. TECHNICAL INFORMATION 19 10. EXPEDITION ACCOUNTS 19 11. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 21 12. BIBLIOGRAPHY 21 Max Goldzweig and Rebecca Lomax 2 Indonesia Film Expedition 2005 Final Report: November 2005 1. INTRODUCTION We are two postgraduate students who have just completed the MSc in Science Media Production at Imperial College London. In the summer of 2005, we visited a very remote region of South East Sulawesi in Indonesia to make a documentary film about the Bajo community of Sampela. 2. EXPEDITION AIMS Our original aims were set down in our applications for funding as follows: • To make a documentary film about the Bajo community of Sampela. This will raise awareness in the West of the problematic situation outlined in the proposal. By closely involving the Bajo in the film’s production, we will also give the community the opportunity to express their thoughts and feelings and tell their story. • To aid the conservation work carried out in Sulawesi by Operation Wallacea by producing a version of the film in Indonesian and Bajo to raise awareness in Sampela and Kaledupa of the danger that is faced from the collapsing fishery.
    [Show full text]
  • Association Between Osteosarcopenic Obesity and Hypertension Among Four Minority Populations in China: a Cross- Sectional Study
    Open access Research BMJ Open: first published as 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-026818 on 18 July 2019. Downloaded from Association between osteosarcopenic obesity and hypertension among four minority populations in China: a cross- sectional study Xingcai Chen,1 Cunqing Kong,1 Hongrong Yu,1 Jiangu Gong,1 Ling Lan,1 Lining Zhou,1 Jichun Gong,1 Peng Liu,1 Lin Xu,1,2 Qiongying Deng1,2 To cite: Chen X, Kong C, Yu H, ABSTRACT Strengths and limitations of this study et al. Association between Objective Osteosarcopenic obesity (OSO) may be osteosarcopenic obesity and associated with an increased prevalence of hypertension. ► To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first hypertension among four The aim of this study was to examine the difference in the minority populations in China: a to explore the association between osteosarcopenic prevalence of OSO and hypertension among four minority cross-sectional study. BMJ Open obesity (OSO) and hypertension by sex among mi- populations in China and explore the relationship between 2019;9:e026818. doi:10.1136/ nority groups in China. OSO and hypertension by sex. bmjopen-2018-026818 ► This study is based on the four minority populations Design This study adopted a cross-sectional design. in China, and these groups are regarded as isolated ► Prepublication history for Participants In total, 1939 participants aged ≥50 years, populations because of intraethnic marriages. this paper is available online. including 459 Jing, 514 Maonan, 535 Hmong and 431 Yao To view these files please visit ► The cross-sectional design of this study prevented participants from Guangxi Province, China, were included the journal online (http:// dx.
    [Show full text]
  • Embodiment in Middle English Lyric
    Beste of bon and blod: Embodiment in Middle English Lyric Sarah Kathryn Moore A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy University of Washington 2015 Reading Committee: Míċeál Vaughan, Chair Colette Moore Carolyn Allen Program Authorized to Offer Degree: English © Copyright 2015 Sarah Kathryn Moore ii University of Washington Abstract Beste of bon and blod: Embodiment in Middle English Lyric Sarah Kathryn Moore Chair of the Supervisory Committee: Professor Míċeál Vaughan English This dissertation argues that Middle English lyric is uniquely successful at connecting readers and hearers with our own bodies and with the bodies of medieval textual subjects. This effect occurs on the levels of content, form, and tone, although my emphasis is primarily on the formal components through which the connection is achieved, and my evidence is drawn largely from formal analysis of the songs. The methods through which the lyrics connect us with our bodies are sophisticated and include especially the carefully managed use of the linguistic category of deixis; nuanced, intentional portrayal and evocation of affect, or physically demonstrated emotion; and implicit and explicit reference (via form and content respectively) to the ways in which lyrics were literally embodied by medieval subjects through danced performance. I argue that Middle English lyrics construct and maintain the “I” of an uttering subject while also reinforcing an embodied sense of self in the text’s reader or hearer. The corpus of surviving lyrics uniquely demonstrates how language, subjectivity, the body, and poetic form are related, speaking to the profound utility of verse (both in the medieval period and today) in constructing a sense of self and in relating to and empathizing with others.
    [Show full text]
  • 'Tradizione E Contaminazione': an Ethnography of The
    ‘TRADIZIONE E CONTAMINAZIONE’: AN ETHNOGRAPHY OF THE CONTEMPORARY SOUTHERN ITALIAN FOLK REVIVAL Stephen Francis William Bennetts BA (Hons), Australian National University, 1987 MA, Sydney University, 1993 Graduate Diploma (Communication), University of Technology, Sydney, 1999 This thesis is presented for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy of The University of Western Australia, School of Social Sciences, Discipline of Anthropology and Sociology 2012 ‘Pizzicarello’, Tessa Joy, 2010. 1 2 I have acquired the taste For this astringent knowledge Distilled through the Stringent application of the scientific method, The dry martini of the Intellectual world, Shaken, not stirred. But does this mean I must eschew Other truths? From ‘The Bats of Wombat State Forest’ in Wild Familiars (2006) by Liana Christensen 3 4 ABSTRACT The revival since the early 1990s of Southern Italian folk traditions has seen the ‘rediscovery’ and active recuperation, especially by urban revivalist actors, of le tradizioni popolari, popular traditional practices originating in peasant society which are still practiced by some traditional local actors in remote rural areas of Southern Italy. This thesis draws on interviews, participant observation and historical research carried out mainly during fieldwork in Rome and Southern Italy in 2002-3 to present an ethnography of the urban revivalist subculture which has been the main driving force behind the contemporary Southern Italian folk revival. In the course of my enquiry into why the movement has emerged, I combine both synchronic and diachronic perspectives, as well as a phenomenological analysis of revivalist motivation and agency, to explore the question of why contemporary urban revivalists have begun to take an interest in the archaic and marginalised cultural practices of rural Southern Italy.
    [Show full text]
  • Ekologi & Bencana Dalam Refleksi Kebudayaan Nusantara
    Ekologi & Bencana Dalam Refleksi Kebudayaan Nusantara (Sebuah Bunga Rampai Tulisan) Karya Dolorosa Sinaga Dolorosa Karya andemi tidak sebatas urusan virus yang mematikan. Lebih dari itu, pandemi juga masalah Plingkungan, budaya, sosial, dan politik pada suatu wilayah. Pandemi dapat mendorong dan menciptakan perubahan-perubahan sosial untuk mencari wujud penyelenggaraan kekuasaan yang lebih baik, dalam kekuasaan tradisional maupun modern. Buku BHŪMIŚODHANA, Ekologi dan Bencana dalam Refleksi Kebudayaan Nusantara adalah upaya refleksi terhadap pelbagai bencana dan pandemi yang terjadi di bumi Nusantara. Harapannya ada pemahaman dan upaya-upaya yang lebih baik dalam menghadapi pelbagai bencana dan pandemi di Nusantara. 19-23 November Virtual Festival @Studio Banjarmili, Yogyakarta Bhūmiśodhana Ekologi dan Bencana dalam Refleksi Kebudayaan Nusantara (Sebuah Bunga Rampai Tulisan) Dr. Sofwan Noerwidi | Dr. Ferry Fredy Karwur Dr. Karina Arifin | Dwi Woro Retno Mastuti, M.Hum Prof. Dr. I Made Bandem | Dr. Khanizar, M.Sn Dr. Tuti Gunawan | Dr. Juniator Tulius Dr. Marko Mahin, MA | Prof. Dr. Peter B.R. Carey Dr. Amrullah Amir | Prof. DR. Misri A. Muchsin Dr. Lutfi Yondri | Dr. Adolina V. Samosir Lefaan, M.Pd Bhūmiśodhana Ekologi dan Bencana dalam Refleksi Kebudayaan Nusantara (Sebuah Bunga Rampai Tulisan) Bhūmiśodhana Ekologi dan Bencana dalam Refleksi Kebudayaan Nusantara (Sebuah Bunga Rampai Tulisan) Penulis: Dr. Sofwan Noerwidi | Dr. Ferry Fredy Karwur Dr. Karina Arifin | Dwi Woro Retno Mastuti, M.Hum Prof. Dr. I Made Bandem | Dr. Khanizar, M.Sn Dr. Tuti Gunawan | Dr. Juniator Tulius Dr. Marko Mahin, MA | Prof. Dr. Peter B.R. Carey Dr. Amrullah Amir | Prof. DR. Misri A. Muchsin, Dr. Lutfi Yondri | Dr. Adolina V. Samosir Lefaan, M.Pd Editor: Romo Mudji Sutrisno, SJ Seno Joko Suyono Imam Muhtarom Tata letak isi: Marsus Cetakan ke-1, November 2020 15,5 x 23,5 cm., vi + 336 hlm ISBN: 978-623-6791-08-0 Borobudur Writers and Cultural Festival 2020 www.borobudurwriters.id Bekerja sama dengan Cv.
    [Show full text]
  • Explorations in Semantic Parallelism
    Explorations in Semantic Parallelism Explorations in Semantic Parallelism James J. Fox Published by ANU Press The Australian National University Canberra ACT 0200, Australia Email: [email protected] This title is also available online at http://press.anu.edu.au National Library of Australia Cataloguing-in-Publication entry Author: Fox, James J, 1940 - author. Title: Explorations in semantic parallelism / James J. Fox. ISBN: 9781922144690 (paperback) 9781925021066 (ebook) Subjects: Semantics. Parallelism (Linguistics) Dewey Number: 401.43 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying or otherwise, without the prior permission of the publisher. Cover design by Nic Welbourn and layout by ANU Press Printed by Grifn Press This edition © 2014 ANU Press Contents Acknowledgments ..................................vii Dedication ....................................... xi Comparative Issues 1. Introduction ...................................3 2. Roman Jakobson and the comparative study of parallelism .. 19 3. Trajectories in the continuing study of parallelism ........ 41 4. Semantic parallelism in Rotenese ritual language ......... 91 5. ‘Our ancestors spoke in pairs’ ..................... 129 6. On binary categories and primary symbols ............ 149 7. Category and complement ....................... 181 8. Exploring oral formulaic language .................. 201 The Traditional Oral Canon 9. Genealogies of the Sun and Moon .................. 219 10. Manu Kama’s road, Tepa Nilu’s path ................ 229 11. Genealogy and topogeny ........................ 265 12. Blood-red millet: An origin narrative ................. 277 13. Admonitions of the ancestors: Giving voice to the deceased .............................. 283 14. To the aroma of the name: The celebration of a ritual of rock and tree .............................. 295 The Christian Oral Canon 15.
    [Show full text]
  • PDF Hosted at the Radboud Repository of the Radboud University Nijmegen
    PDF hosted at the Radboud Repository of the Radboud University Nijmegen The following full text is a publisher's version. For additional information about this publication click this link. http://hdl.handle.net/2066/54498 Please be advised that this information was generated on 2017-12-06 and may be subject to change. LAURENS BAKKER Foreign images in Mentawai Authenticity and the exotic What the imagination seizes as beauty must be truth John Keats Introduction Human cultures and groups, when defining themselves, compare themselves with others.1 Names used to denote other groups often refer to characteristics associated with these groups, frequently in a way that expresses the superiori- ty of the naming group or the strangeness or even danger of the named group. Derogatory terms such as ‘barbarians’, ‘head-cutters’ or simply ‘edible ones’2 are examples of names referring to dangerous traits. The number of groups in the world using a name for themselves that translates simply as ‘human’ to differentiate themselves from neighbouring groups is staggering. In today’s industrialized nations, the fear of being eaten by neighbouring groups has been replaced by a fascination with the ‘other’. The ‘dangerous primitives’ of the past have not disappeared; instead, they have become exotic. Interest in such peoples is widely accepted and catered for through television documentaries, books, exhibitions and performances. These days it has become popular to visit such people in the flesh as a tourist. The perceived authenticity of tourist visits, as compared to observing from afar, rests on two assumptions. Firstly, people trust personal experience more than what they learn from books 1 Data for this paper was gathered during research on and visits to Siberut in 1996, 1999, 2000, 2001 and 2004.
    [Show full text]
  • Dance Imagery in South Indian Temples : Study of the 108-Karana Sculptures
    DANCE IMAGERY IN SOUTH INDIAN TEMPLES : STUDY OF THE 108-KARANA SCULPTURES DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Bindu S. Shankar, M.A., M. Phil. ***** The Ohio State University 2004 Dissertation Committee: Approved by Professor Susan L. Huntington, Adviser Professor John C. Huntington Professor Howard Crane ----------------------------------------- Adviser History of Art Graduate Program Copyright by Bindu S. Shankar 2004 ABSTRACT This dissertation explores the theme of dance imagery in south Indian temples by focusing on one aspect of dance expression, namely, the 108-karana sculptures. The immense popularity of dance to the south Indian temple is attested by the profusion of dance sculptures, erection of dance pavilions (nrtta mandapas), and employment of dancers (devaradiyar). However, dance sculptures are considered merely decorative addtitions to a temple. This work investigates and interprets the function and meaning of dance imagery to the Tamil temple. Five temples display prominently the collective 108-karana program from the eleventh to around the 17th century. The Rajaraja Temple at Thanjavur (985- 1015 C.E.) displays the 108-karana reliefs in the central shrine. From their central location in the Rajaraja Temple, the 108 karana move to the external precincts, namely the outermost gopura. In the Sarangapani Temple (12-13th century) at Kumbakonam, the 108 karana are located in the external façade of the outer east gopura. The subsequent instances of the 108 karana, the Nataraja Temple at Cidambaram (12th-16th C.E.), the Arunachalesvara Temple at Tiruvannamalai (16th C.E.), and the Vriddhagirisvara Temple at Vriddhachalam (16th-17th C.E.), ii also use this relocation.
    [Show full text]
  • The Expression of Sacred Space in Temple Mythology
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Unisa Institutional Repository EXPRESSONS OF SACRED SPACE: TEMPLE ARCHITECTURE IN THE ANCIENT NEAR EAST by Martin J Palmer submitted in accordance with the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Literature and Philosophy in the subject Ancient Near Eastern Studies at the UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH AFRICA Promoter: Prof. P S Vermaak February 2012 ii ABSTRACT The objective of this thesis is to identify, isolate, and expound the concepts of sacred space and its ancillary doctrines and to show how they were expressed in ancient temple architecture and ritual. The fundamental concept of sacred space defined the nature of the holiness that pervaded the temple. The idea of sacred space included the ancient view of the temple as a mountain. Other subsets of the basic notion of sacred space include the role of the creation story in temple ritual, its status as an image of a heavenly temple and its location on the axis mundi, the temple as the site of the hieros gamos, the substantial role of the temple regarding kingship and coronation rites, the temple as a symbol of the Tree of Life, and the role played by water as a symbol of physical and spiritual blessings streaming forth from the temple. Temple ritual, architecture, and construction techniques expressed these concepts in various ways. These expressions, identified in the literary and archaeological records, were surprisingly consistent throughout the ancient Near East across large expanses of space and time. Under the general heading of Techniques of Construction and Decoration, this thesis examines the concept of the primordial mound and its application in temple architecture, the practice of foundation deposits, the purposes and functions of enclosure walls, principles of orientation, alignment, and measurement, and interior decorations.
    [Show full text]
  • CDISC CDASH Controlled Terminology, 2020-05-08
    CDISC CDASH Controlled Terminology, 2020-05-08 Source: NCI EVS Terminology Resources website: http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/cancerlibrary/terminologyresources/cdisc NCI CDISC Submission Codelist Name CDISC Definition Codelist Code Value Extensible C78418 CMDOSFRM Concomitant A terminology subset of the CDISC SDTM Pharmaceutical Dosage Form Yes Medication Dose Form codelist created for CDASH Concomitant Medication Dose Form codelist. (NCI) C78419 CMDOSFRQ Concomitant A terminology subset of the CDISC SDTM Frequency codelist created for Yes Medication Dosing CDASH Concomitant Medication Dosing Frequency per Interval codelist. Frequency per (NCI) Interval C78417 CMDOSU Concomitant A terminology subset of the CDISC SDTM Unit codelist created for CDASH Yes Medication Dose Units Concomitant Medication Dose Units codelist. (NCI) C78420 CMROUTE Concomitant A terminology subset of the CDISC SDTM Route codelist created for CDASH Yes Medication Route of Concomitant Medication Route of Administration codelist. (NCI) Administration C78421 DAORRESU Unit of Drug A terminology subset of the CDISC SDTM Unit codelist created for CDASH Yes Dispensed or Unit of Drug Dispensed or Returned codelist. (NCI) Returned C78422 EGORRESU ECG Original Units A terminology subset of the CDISC SDTM Unit codelist created for CDASH Yes ECG Original Units codelist. (NCI) C128690 ETHNICC Ethnicity As Collected A terminology codelist relevant to the ethnicity of an individual as collected Yes on the case report form. C78426 EXDOSFRM Exposure Dose Form A terminology subset of the CDISC SDTM Pharmaceutical Dosage Form Yes codelist created for CDASH Exposure Dose Form codelist. (NCI) C78745 EXDOSFRQ Exposure Dosing A terminology subset of the CDISC SDTM Frequency codelist created for Yes Frequency per CDASH Exposure Dosing Frequency per Interval codelist.
    [Show full text]
  • COMPILATION ART & CULTURE.Indd.Indd
    PRELIMS SAMPOORNA As IAS prelims 2021 is knocking at the door, jitters and anxiety is a common emotion that an aspirant feels. But if we analyze the whole journey, these last few days act most crucial in your preparation. This is the time when one should muster all their strength and give the fi nal punch required to clear this exam. But the main task here is to consolidate the various resources that an aspirant is referring to. GS SCORE brings to you, Prelims Sampoorna, a series of all value-added resources in your prelims preparation, which will be your one-stop solution and will help in reducing your anxiety and boost your confi dence. As the name suggests, Prelims Sampoorna is a holistic program, which has 360-degree coverage of high-relevance topics. It is an outcome-driven initiative that not only gives you downloads of all resources which you need to summarize your preparation but also provides you with All India open prelims mock tests series in order to assess your learning. Let us summarize this initiative, which will include: GS Score UPSC Prelims 2021 Yearly Current Aff airs Compilation of All 9 Subjects Topic-wise Prelims Fact Files (Approx. 40) Geography Through Maps (6 Themes) Map Based Questions ALL India Open Prelims Mock Tests Series including 10 Tests Compilation of Previous Year Questions with Detailed Explanation We will be uploading all the resources on a regular basis till your prelims exam. To get the maximum benefi t of the initiative keep visiting the website. To receive all updates through notifi cation, subscribe: https://t.me/iasscore https://www.youtube.com/c/IASSCOREoffi cial/ https://www.facebook.com/iasscore https://www.instagram.com/ias_gsscore/ https://twitter.com/IASSCORE1 Contents 1.
    [Show full text]