ARCHAEOLOGY VISION to Protect the Historical Monuments and Sites
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Migration and Small Towns in Pakistan
Working Paper Series on Rural-Urban Interactions and Livelihood Strategies WORKING PAPER 15 Migration and small towns in Pakistan Arif Hasan with Mansoor Raza June 2009 ABOUT THE AUTHORS Arif Hasan is an architect/planner in private practice in Karachi, dealing with urban planning and development issues in general, and in Asia and Pakistan in particular. He has been involved with the Orangi Pilot Project (OPP) since 1982 and is a founding member of the Urban Resource Centre (URC) in Karachi, whose chairman he has been since its inception in 1989. He is currently on the board of several international journals and research organizations, including the Bangkok-based Asian Coalition for Housing Rights, and is a visiting fellow at the International Institute for Environment and Development (IIED), UK. He is also a member of the India Committee of Honour for the International Network for Traditional Building, Architecture and Urbanism. He has been a consultant and advisor to many local and foreign CBOs, national and international NGOs, and bilateral and multilateral donor agencies. He has taught at Pakistani and European universities, served on juries of international architectural and development competitions, and is the author of a number of books on development and planning in Asian cities in general and Karachi in particular. He has also received a number of awards for his work, which spans many countries. Address: Hasan & Associates, Architects and Planning Consultants, 37-D, Mohammad Ali Society, Karachi – 75350, Pakistan; e-mail: [email protected]; [email protected]. Mansoor Raza is Deputy Director Disaster Management for the Church World Service – Pakistan/Afghanistan. -
PAKISTAN Haveli, the Defining Symbol of Rohtas Fort
Restoring Man Singh PAKISTAN Haveli, the defining symbol of Rohtas Fort ohtas Fort has towered majestically on its height above the ancient "royal road" since it was con- Rstructed in 1541 by Emperor Sher Shah Suri after his defeat of Mogul Emperor Humayun. It is one of the most important historical medieval forts still in existence in Pakistan. Within the four-kilometer cir- cumference of this World Heritage Site is the Man Singh Haveli, a Rajput palace. Funded by the U.S. Ambassador's Fund for Cultural Preservation, the Himalayan Wildlife Foundation was able, starting in 2004, to take the first important steps of documenting the structure and layout of the palace, while carrying out a topographic survey of the area. After constructing scaffolding and walkways to allow safe access to the site, emergency consolidation of decaying parts of the ground floor of the haveli were com- pleted. Damaged floors, walls and shades on the upper floors were repaired with lime plaster. Soil erosion in the courtyard allowed rainwater to seep into the ground floor; that problem was resolved so that water does not accu- mulate. The restorers also had to contend with tufts of grass and even a tree penetrating the walls. The expand- ing tree trunk caused part of the base of the cupola's drum to separate from the structure. Two original motifs encircling the cupola were dis- covered as workers stripped away damaged and decayed mortar; they have been restored, as well as the brick design on part of the rim. This allows viewers to get an idea of what the original design looked like. -
AFCP Projects at World Heritage Sites
CULTURAL HERITAGE CENTER – BUREAU OF EDUCATIONAL AND CULTURAL AFFAIRS – U.S. DEPARTMENT OF STATE AFCP Projects at World Heritage Sites The U.S. Ambassadors Fund for Cultural Preservation supports a broad range of projects to preserve the cultural heritage of other countries, including World Heritage sites. Country UNESCO World Heritage Site Projects Albania Historic Centres of Berat and Gjirokastra 1 Benin Royal Palaces of Abomey 2 Bolivia Jesuit Missions of the Chiquitos 1 Bolivia Tiwanaku: Spiritual and Political Centre of the Tiwanaku 1 Culture Botswana Tsodilo 1 Brazil Central Amazon Conservation Complex 1 Bulgaria Ancient City of Nessebar 1 Cambodia Angkor 3 China Mount Wuyi 1 Colombia National Archeological Park of Tierradentro 1 Colombia Port, Fortresses and Group of Monuments, Cartagena 1 Dominican Republic Colonial City of Santo Domingo 1 Ecuador City of Quito 1 Ecuador Historic Centre of Santa Ana de los Ríos de Cuenca 1 Egypt Historic Cairo 2 Ethiopia Fasil Ghebbi, Gondar Region 1 Ethiopia Harar Jugol, the Fortified Historic Town 1 Ethiopia Rock‐Hewn Churches, Lalibela 1 Gambia Kunta Kinteh Island and Related Sites 1 Georgia Bagrati Cathedral and Gelati Monastery 3 Georgia Historical Monuments of Mtskheta 1 Georgia Upper Svaneti 1 Ghana Asante Traditional Buildings 1 Haiti National History Park – Citadel, Sans Souci, Ramiers 3 India Champaner‐Pavagadh Archaeological Park 1 Jordan Petra 5 Jordan Quseir Amra 1 Kenya Lake Turkana National Parks 1 1 CULTURAL HERITAGE CENTER – BUREAU OF EDUCATIONAL AND CULTURAL AFFAIRS – U.S. DEPARTMENT -
Ghfbooksouthasia.Pdf
1000 BC 500 BC AD 500 AD 1000 AD 1500 AD 2000 TAXILA Pakistan SANCHI India AJANTA CAVES India PATAN DARBAR SQUARE Nepal SIGIRIYA Sri Lanka POLONNARUWA Sri Lanka NAKO TEMPLES India JAISALMER FORT India KONARAK SUN TEMPLE India HAMPI India THATTA Pakistan UCH MONUMENT COMPLEX Pakistan AGRA FORT India SOUTH ASIA INDIA AND THE OTHER COUNTRIES OF SOUTH ASIA — PAKISTAN, SRI LANKA, BANGLADESH, NEPAL, BHUTAN —HAVE WITNESSED SOME OF THE LONGEST CONTINUOUS CIVILIZATIONS ON THE PLANET. BY THE END OF THE FOURTH CENTURY BC, THE FIRST MAJOR CONSOLIDATED CIVILIZA- TION EMERGED IN INDIA LED BY THE MAURYAN EMPIRE WHICH NEARLY ENCOMPASSED THE ENTIRE SUBCONTINENT. LATER KINGDOMS OF CHERAS, CHOLAS AND PANDYAS SAW THE RISE OF THE FIRST URBAN CENTERS. THE GUPTA KINGDOM BEGAN THE RICH DEVELOPMENT OF BUILT HERITAGE AND THE FIRST MAJOR TEMPLES INCLUDING THE SACRED STUPA AT SANCHI AND EARLY TEMPLES AT LADH KHAN. UNTIL COLONIAL TIMES, ROYAL PATRONAGE OF THE HINDU CULTURE CONSTRUCTED HUNDREDS OF MAJOR MONUMENTS INCLUDING THE IMPRESSIVE ELLORA CAVES, THE KONARAK SUN TEMPLE, AND THE MAGNIFICENT CITY AND TEMPLES OF THE GHF-SUPPORTED HAMPI WORLD HERITAGE SITE. PAKISTAN SHARES IN THE RICH HISTORY OF THE REGION WITH A WEALTH OF CULTURAL DEVELOPMENT AROUND ISLAM, INCLUDING ADVANCED MOSQUE ARCHITECTURE. GHF’S CONSER- VATION OF ASIF KHAN TOMB OF THE JAHANGIR COMPLEX IN LAHORE, PAKISTAN WILL HELP PRESERVE A STUNNING EXAMPLE OF THE GLORIOUS MOGHUL CIVILIZATION WHICH WAS ONCE CENTERED THERE. IN THE MORE REMOTE AREAS OF THE REGION, BHUTAN, SRI LANKA AND NEPAL EACH DEVELOPED A UNIQUE MONUMENTAL FORM OF WORSHIP FOR HINDUISM. THE MOST CHALLENGING ASPECT OF CONSERVATION IS THE PLETHORA OF HERITAGE SITES AND THE LACK OF RESOURCES TO COVER THE COSTS OF CONSERVATION. -
Widening / Improvement of Main Road Leading to Uch Sharif District Bahawalpur
ENVIRONMENT AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT PLAN (ESMP) Widening / Improvement of main road leading to Uch Sharif District Bahawalpur (December, 2020) Environment and Social Management Plan (ESMP) Table of Contents EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ........................................................................................... 3 CHAPTER-01 INTRODUCTION .............................................................................. 7 1.1 Project Description ..................................................................... 7 1.2 Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF). 78 1.2.1 Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP) ................ 78 1.2.2 Objectives of Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP) ................................................................................................... 78 1.3 Scope of Environmental and Social Management Plan ......... 89 1.4 ESMP Methodology .................................................................. 89 I. Literature Review ........................................................................ 89 II. Review of Legal and Policy Frameworks Requirements ............. 89 III. Baseline Data Collection- Environmental and Social Surveys ..... 89 IV. Identification and Assessment of Environmental and Social Impacts Mitigation Measures ........................................................ 9 V. Environmental and Social Impacts Mitigation and Monitoring Plan ................................................................................................. 910 VI. Institutional -
World Bank Document
ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT (EA) AND THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT FRAMEWORK Public Disclosure Authorized PUNJAB EDUCATION SECTOR REFORMS PROGRAM-II (PESRP-II) Public Disclosure Authorized PROGRAM DIRECTOR PUNJAB EDUCATION SECTOR REFORMS PROGRAM (PESRP) SCHOOL EDUCATION DEPARTMENT GOVERNMENT OF THE PUNJAB Tel: +92 42 923 2289~95 Fax: +92 42 923 2290 url: http://pesrp.punjab.gov.pk email: [email protected] Public Disclosure Authorized Revised and Updated for PERSP-II February 2012 Public Disclosure Authorized DISCLAIMER This environmental and social assessment report of the activities of the Punjab Education Sector Reforms Program of the Government of the Punjab, which were considered to impact the environment, has been prepared in compliance to the Environmental laws of Pakistan and in conformity to the Operational Policy Guidelines of the World Bank. The report is Program specific and of limited liability and applicability only to the extent of the physical activities under the PESRP. All rights are reserved with the study proponent (the Program Director, PMIU, PESRP) and the environmental consultant (Environs, Lahore). No part of this report can be reproduced, copied, published, transcribed in any manner, or cited in a context different from the purpose for which it has been prepared, except with prior permission of the Program Director, PESRP. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This document presents the environmental and social assessment report of the various activities under the Second Punjab Education Sector Reforms Program (PESRP-II) – an initiative of Government of the Punjab for continuing holistic reforms in the education sector aimed at improving the overall condition of education and the sector’s service delivery. -
Pakistan) 4–9 October 2000
Report on Mission to Evaluate the State of Conservation of the World Heritage Site of the SHALAMAR GARDENS Lahore (Pakistan) 4–9 October 2000 ROBERT DE JONG (President, ICOMOS International Committee on Historic Gardens and Landscapes) 49-51 rue de la Fédération - F-75015 Paris - France - Tel + 33 1 45 67 67 70 - Fax + 33 1 45 66 06 22 Report on Mission to Evaluate the State of Conservation of the World Heritage Site of the SHALAMAR GARDENS, Lahore (Pakistan) 1 BACKGROUND TO THE MISSION The mission concerned World Heritage Site (No. 171-172) – the Fort and Shalamar Gardens of Lahore (Pakistan) The reason for the mission was the information received by the UNESCO World Heritage Centre from the national authorities of Pakistan that the Department of Archaeology was proposing to "restore the demolished hydraulic works of Shalamar Gardens," and that the authorities "had expressed their intention to nominate two sites (ie the Fort and Shalamar Gardens of Lahore and Taxila) to the List of World Heritage in Danger" (Letter from the Director, UNESCO World Heritage Centre, to H.E. Mr Shararyar M. Khan, Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary Ambassador of Pakistan to France Permanent Delegation of Pakistan to UNESCO, 2 August 2000, WHC/74/400/ PKS/00/JT/425). The Centre and ICOMOS had also already considered sending a mission "to elaborate a comprehensive management plan for both the Fort and Shalamar Gardens of Lahore site and the Taxila site". During its 24th Session in Paris on 26 June–1 July 2000, the Bureau of the World Heritage Committee decided to request the World Heritage Centre and ICOMOS "to organise a reactive monitoring mission to the Fort and Shalamar Gardens." The Bureau, while "expressing its appreciation for the information received from the Pakistan authorities concerning its intentions to undertake corrective measures .. -
Sheikhupura Fort: a Forgotten Monument1
Scientific Cooperations International Journal of Arts, Humanities and Social Sciences Vol. 1, Issue 1, September 2015 SHEIKHUPURA FORT: A FORGOTTEN MONUMENT1 Mariam Saleem Farooqi Department of Humanities & Social Sciences, Lahore University of Management Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan e-mail: [email protected] Abstract Pakistan is a country with a rich cultural heritage built from the traditions of the scores of civilizations that have lived and thrived on its soil. Under each new ruler, art and architecture took on a new shape – learning from each other and growing. Sheikupura Fort in the Punjab province is a result of Mughal, Sikh and Hindu influences on the region. The crumbling structure is filled with exquisite frescoes depicting typical Sikh art, but ineffective preservation efforts from Pakistani and international authorities have put the entire Fort and the art contained within at risk of permanent ruin. This paper seeks to explore the mixed cultural and political history of the art through the intricate frescoes left behind on its walls and the themes used by the artisans of the time. Keywords: frescoes; heritage; preservation; Sikh; art 1. Introduction The Islamic Republic of Pakistan stands on soil that has seen the immense glory and majesty of many powerful empires of the past. Grand relics of these great empires lay scattered all across Pakistan – in small cities and large – in the form of palaces, forts, tombs, havelis2, etc. Unfortunately, many great treasures of the past have completely collapsed and are lost forever. The fault lies with careless handling, a lack of preservation, and a severe shortage of funds and hands willing to undertake any sort of restoration work on these monuments. -
The Ancient Geography of India by Alexander Cunningham
THE ANCIENT GEOGRAPHY ov INDIA. A ".'i.inMngVwLn-j inl^ : — THE ANCIENT GEOGRAPHY INDIA. THE BUDDHIST PERIOD, INCLUDING THE CAMPAIGNS OP ALEXANDER, AND THE TRAVELS OF HWEN-THSANG. ALEXANDER CUNNINGHAM, Ui.JOB-GBirBBALj BOYAL ENGINEEBS (BENGAL BETIBBD). " Venun et terrena demoDstratio intelligatar, Alezandri Magni vestigiiB insistamns." PHnii Hist. Nat. vi. 17. WITS TSIRTBBN MAPS. LONDON TEUBNER AND CO., 60, PATERNOSTER ROW. 1871. [All Sights reserved.'] {% A\^^ TATLOB AND CO., PEIKTEES, LITTLE QUEEN STKEET, LINCOLN'S INN EIELDS. MAJOR-Q-ENEEAL SIR H. C. RAWLINSON, K.G.B. ETC. ETC., WHO HAS HIMSELF DONE SO MUCH ^ TO THROW LIGHT ON THE ANCIENT GEOGRAPHY OP ASIA, THIS ATTEMPT TO ELUCIDATE A PARTIODLAR PORTION OF THE SUBJKcr IS DEDICATED BY HIS FRIEND, THE AUTHOR. PEEFACE. The Geography of India may be conveniently divided into a few distinct sections, each broadly named after the prevailing religious and political character of the period which it embraces, as the Brahnanical, the Buddhist^ and the Muhammadan. The Brahmanical period would trace the gradual extension of the Aryan race over Northern India, from their first occupation of the Panjab to the rise of Buddhism, and would comprise the whole of the Pre- historic, or earliest section of their history, duiing which time the religion of the Vedas was the pre- vailing belief of the country. The Buddhist period, or Ancient Geography of India, would embrace the rise, extension, and decline of the Buddhist faith, from the era of Buddha, to the conquests of Mahmud of Ghazni, during the greater part of which time Buddhism was the dominant reli- gion of the country. -
The Age of Akbar
CHAPTER 3 THE AGE OF AKBAR MUGHAL THEORIES OF KINGSHIP AND STATE POLITY Akbar is generally recognized as the greatest and most capable of the Mughal rulers. Under him Mughal polity and statecraft reached maturity; and under his guidance the Mughals changed from a petty power to a major dynastic state. From his time to the end of the Mughal period, artistic production on both an imperial and sub-imperial level was closely linked to notions of state polity, religion and kingship. Humayun died in 1556, only one year after his return to Hindustan. Upon hearing the call to prayers, he slipped on the steep stone steps of the library in his Din-Panah citadel in Delhi. Humayun's only surviving son and heir- apparent, Akbar, then just fourteen years of age, ascended the throne and ruled until 1605 the expanding Mughal empire. Until about 1561, Akbar was under the control of powerful court factions, first his guardian, Bhairam Khan, and then the scheming Maham Anga, a former imperial wet-nurse. Between about 1560 and 1580, Akbar devoted his energies to the conquest and then the con- solidation of territory in north India. This he achieved through battle, marriage, treaty and, most significantly, administrative reform. Concurrent with these activities, Akbar developed an interest in religion that, while initially a personal concern, ultimately transformed his concept of state. Many of the policies he adopted, such as the renunciation of the poll-tax (jiziya) for non- Muslims, had a solid political basis as well as a personal one, for Akbar, much more than his Mughal predecessors, saw every advantage in maintaining good relations with the Hindu majority. -
Punjab Tourism for Economic Growth Final Report Consortium for Development Policy Research
Punjab Tourism for Economic Growth Final Report Consortium for Development Policy Research ABSTRACT This report documents the technical support provided by the Design Team, deployed by CDPR, and covers the recommendations for institutional and regulatory reforms as well as a proposed private sector participation framework for tourism sector in Punjab, in the context of religious tourism, to stimulate investment and economic growth. Pakistan: Cultural and Heritage Tourism Project ---------------------- (Back of the title page) ---------------------- This page is intentionally left blank. 2 Consortium for Development Policy Research Pakistan: Cultural and Heritage Tourism Project TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF ACRONYMS & ABBREVIATIONS 56 LIST OF FIGURES 78 LIST OF TABLES 89 LIST OF BOXES 910 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 1011 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1112 1 BACKGROUND AND CONTEXT 1819 1.1 INTRODUCTION 1819 1.2 PAKISTAN’S TOURISM SECTOR 1819 1.3 TRAVEL AND TOURISM COMPETITIVENESS 2324 1.4 ECONOMIC POTENTIAL OF TOURISM SECTOR 2526 1.4.1 INTERNATIONAL TOURISM 2526 1.4.2 DOMESTIC TOURISM 2627 1.5 ECONOMIC POTENTIAL HERITAGE / RELIGIOUS TOURISM 2728 1.5.1 SIKH TOURISM - A CASE STUDY 2930 1.5.2 BUDDHIST TOURISM - A CASE STUDY 3536 1.6 DEVELOPING TOURISM - KEY ISSUES & CHALLENGES 3738 1.6.1 CHALLENGES FACED BY TOURISM SECTOR IN PUNJAB 3738 1.6.2 CHALLENGES SPECIFIC TO HERITAGE TOURISM 3940 2 EXISTING INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENTS & REGULATORY FRAMEWORK FOR TOURISM SECTOR 4344 2.1 CURRENT INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENTS 4344 2.1.1 YOUTH AFFAIRS, SPORTS, ARCHAEOLOGY AND TOURISM -
Archaeology: Summary
ARCHAEOLOGY: SUMMARY (PKR Million) Provision for 2020-21 No. of Projection for Projection Type / Sub Sector G. Total Schemes Capital Revenue Foreign Aid 2021-22 for 2022-23 (Cap + Rev) ON-GOING SCHEMES Regular 27 20.430 263.570 0.000 284.000 608.000 366.102 Local Development 1 0.000 6.000 0.000 6.000 3.461 0.000 Programme Total: ON-GOING SCHEMES 28 20.430 269.570 0.000 290.000 611.461 366.102 NEW SCHEMES Regular 1 0.000 10.000 0.000 10.000 0.000 0.000 Total: NEW SCHEMES 1 0.000 10.000 0.000 10.000 0.000 0.000 Grand Total 29 20.430 279.570 0.000 300.000 611.461 366.102 451 Archaeology (PKR Million) Accum. Provision for 2020-21 MTDF Projections Throw fwd GS Scheme Information Est. Cost Exp. G.Total Beyond No Scheme ID / Approval Date / Location Cap. Rev. 2021-22 2022-23 June, 20 (Cap.+Rev.) June, 2023 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 ON-GOING SCHEMES Regular 3859 Development and Restoration of 150.299 142.984 0.000 7.315 7.315 0.000 0.000 0.000 Archaeological Sites from Taxila to Swat (Taxila Section), Rawalpindi 01291200016 / 01-07-2012 / Rawalpindi 3860 Improvement and Up-gradation of Taxila 15.607 13.357 0.000 2.250 2.250 0.000 0.000 0.000 Museum 01291604472 / 29-08-2016 / Rawalpindi 3861 Conservation and Restoration of Losar 21.000 1.910 0.000 5.000 5.000 14.090 0.000 0.000 Boali, Wah Cantt, 01291901438 / 21-08-2019 / Rawalpindi 3862 Master Plan for Preservation and 218.094 154.419 0.000 10.000 10.000 27.000 26.675 0.000 Restoration of Rohtas Fort, Jhelum, 01281200011 / 01-07-2012 / Jhelum 3863 Development of Rothas Fort Distt 38.572 19.282 0.000