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Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) Established in Hawaii

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Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) Established in Hawaii CORE Metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk Provided by eVols at University of Hawaii at Manoa KEY TO THE COCCINELIDS (COLEOPTERA: COCCINELLIDAE) ESTABLISHED IN HAWAII JOHN R. LEEPER PO Box 13086 Las Cruces, NM USA, 88013 [email protected] Abstract. Leeper (2015) identified 167 coccinellid species as having been introduced to the Hawaiian Islands. Forty-six (46) species are considered established for which this paper provides a key. INTRODUCTION Leeper (1976) wrote the only previous key to the Coccinellidae established on the seven habited Hawaiian Islands (Niihau, Kauai, Oahu, Maui, Molokai, Lanai, and Hawaii). This paper revises and updates Leeper’s key and is based on a survey of unpublished Hawaii State Department of Agriculture (DoA) records, material published in Hawaii and specimens and notes located at the Hawaii State Department of Agriculture, the Bernice P. Bishop Museum (BM), the University of Hawaii, Manoa Insect Museum (UH) and Leeper (2015). Leeper (1976) identified 38 species, two with varieties included (Coelophora inaequalis and Coelophora inaequalis var. novemmaculata; and Olla abdominalis and Olla abdominalis var. plagiata). Both variants are not recognized and removed from the present key. Three other species (Diomus pumilio, Diomus near pumilio and Diomus sp.) were removed due to the lack of documentation of establishment. The names of nineteen species remain valid while the names of sixteen species required changes. Eleven species were added to the list of established species. Documentation for the above changes can be found in Leeper (2015). METHODS and Materials The phylogeny and classification in this paper is based on the preliminary classification of Coccinellidae proposed by Kovar (1996) and further defined by Nedved and Kovar (2012). Their classification system recognizes nine subfamilies, five (Coccinellinae, Sticholotidinae, Chilocorinae, Scymninae, Coccidulinae and Ortaliinae) of which are represented in Hawaii. Observations of specimens in the UH and DoA collections were supplemented by insect descriptions from within the following references in constructing the keys to subfamilies, tribes, genera and species in this paper: Booth and Pope (1986); Booth, Cross, Fowler and Shaw (1995); Chapin, E. A. (1926, 1965); Chapin, J. B. (1974), Escalona and Slipinski (2010); Gordon (1970, 1972, 1976, 1977, 1978, 1982, 1985, 1997, 1999, 2000); Gordon and Gonzalez (2002); Kamiya, 1961; Leeper (1976); Pang and Gordon (1986); Pang and Slipinski (2009, 2010); Peck (2006); Pope and Lawrence (1990); Raimundo and van Harten (2002); Sasaji (1968, 1971); Slipinski (2004, 2007); Slipinski and Burckhardt (2006); Slipinski and Giorgi (2006); Vandenberg (2002). Colors used in describing the species within this paper relied heavily upon what was observed on specimens at the UH and DoA collections. Many of the specimens were old and colors may have faded or become muted. Additionally, a few specimens within the collections appear to have been killed soon after adult emergence and had not taken on their full adult coloring. The overall key is broken down into a series of sub-keys to subfamilies, tribes and then the species within each tribe. Gross morphological characteristics and color patterns were used in writing the keys. Examination of genitalia requires the destruction of specimens and was not possible for writing the keys. However, notations were made when authorities relied upon genitalia to differentiate between species and their papers may be relied upon to more definitively identify species. The final step in the key for identifying a species also includes, in parenthesis, the islands on which the species has been recorded to be established on. Abbreviations for the islands are as follows: Niihau: Ni; Kauai: Ka; Oahu: Oa; Maui: Ma; Molokai: Mo; Lanai: La; and Hawaii: Ha. Lack of an island reference for particular species should not preclude it from being on an island as new island establishments through interisland commerce or natural distribution may occur. A. KEY TO THE SUBFAMILIES OF COCCINELLIDAE ESTABLISHED IN HAWAII 1a. Clypeus expanded laterally, shelf-like, under eyes; distinctly ventral insertion of antennae; tarsus trimerous or cryptotetramerous ......................Chilocorinae Sasaji, 1968: 20 (B.) 1b. Clypeus not expanded laterally, or if so, just slightly and not shelf-like ..................... 2 2a (1b). Pronotum and elytra glabrous; mandible bifid at apex, basal tooth present; maxillary palpus securiform ….Coccinellinae Ganglebauer, 1899: 954, 986 (C.) 2b (1b). Pronotum pubescent, elytra pubescent or glabrous ............................................3 3a (2b). Body small to medium sized, hemispherical to elliptical; maxillary palpus thin, apical segment elongate and conical, with spindle shaped club; antennae inserted dorsally ……..Sticholotidinae Gordon, 1977: 186 (emendation) (D.) 3b (2b). Maxillary palpus broad, apical segment angled, not conical apically................................... 4 4a (3b). Body minute to small size; antenna short, two thirds or less of head width, apical segment reduced with flagellomeres; eyes large; apical segment of maxillary palpus weakly securiform to parallel- sided ….. Scymninae Della Beffa, 1912: 168 (E.) 4b (3b). Antenna long, more than two thirds of head width ……….5 5a (4b). Body shape oblong oval, weakly to moderately convex, pubescent; maxillary palpus securiform; antenna long, 8-11 segmented; eyes with coarse facets; pronotum red, elytra uniformly black; length of pubescence medium with long, erected setae ………Coccidulinae Sasaji, 1968: 22 (F.) 5b (4b). Body oval to rounded, pubescence fine and short; eyes large with small to minute facets; mandible bifid at apex, basal tooth present; apical segment of maxillary palpus short and securiform; antennae inserted between eyes, not dorsally or ventrally ….Ortaliinae Kovar, 1996: 26 (G.) B. KEY TO THE TRIBES IN THE SUBFAMILY CHILOCORINAE ESTABLISHED IN HAWAII 1a. Glabrous (round helmet shaped), shiny, lacking pubescence, males with six visible abdominal sternites, females in some species with only five visible abdominal sternites ……………….. Chilocorini Costa, 1849: 9 (B1.) 1b. Elliptical in shape, one-third longer than wide, pubescent, with five visible sternites in both males and females ...Telsimiini Casey, 1899: 16 (B2.) B1. KEY TO THE SPECIES IN THE TRIBE CHILOCORINI ESTABLISHED IN HAWAII 1a. Tibial spurs present on legs II and III, metacoxal arcs as in Scymnus or Pullus, antenna 10, 9 or 8- segmented…………………… 2 1b. Tibial spurs absent on all legs, metacoxal arcs as in Nephus or Diomus, antenna 9, 8 or 7- segmented…………………..3 2a (1a). Elytra black, each with two yellow-gold longitudinal stripes, one stripe along outer margin, stripes meeting at apex, elytral margin yellow-gold and slightly reflexed ; head and pronotum orange- yellow; tarsal claw simple, sometimes slightly thickened at base, antenna 8-segmented; body oval, convex; length 2.5-3.5 mm, width 1.5-2.5 mm; tibia 2 and 3 with apical spurs; tarsal claw simple; post coxal line of 1st abdominal ventrite complete, recurved; antenna 8-segmented; apical antennomere very small and embedded in penultimate one (Ni, Oa) ……. Brumoides suturalis (Fabricius, 1798: 78) 2b (1a). Body dark metallic blue with prothoracic hypomera orange-brown; elytral margin slightly reflex; venter and legs orange-brown, tarsal claw with tooth in basal half, which is sometimes quadrate, sometimes acute, often very small, antenna 10-segmented, size up to 6 mm, elytra blue; body nearly hemispherical; length 4.9-5.2 mm, width 4.5-4.75 mm; all tibia without spurs; tarsal claw with tooth at base; post coxal line of 1st abdominal ventrite incomplete; antenna 10-segmented; apical antennomere not embedded in penultimate one (Ni, Ka, Oa, Ma, Mo, La, Hi) …… Curinus coeruleus Mulsant, 1850: 472 3a (1b). Antenna 7-segmented; body hemispherical; length 3.0-4.25 mm, width 2.85-3.9 mm; upper surface glabrous; elytra stronglt reflexed; postcoxal line of 1st abdominal ventrite parallel and close to posterior margin; body metallic iridescent blue-green to purple; males with anterior margin of pronotum yellow-orange, female with entire pronotum same metallic color as the rest of the body (Ka, Oa, Ma, Mo, La, Hi) ……Halmus chalybeus (Boisduval, 1835: 595) 3b (1b). Antenna 8-segmented ………4 4a (3b). Body nearly hemispherical; length 4.5-5.1 mm, width 4.1-4.7 mm; dorsum strongly convex, orange-brown (elytra may at times be yellow-brown to gray) with elytral margin strongly edge strongly reflex and black; venter uniformly orange-yellow (Oa, Ma, Mo, Hi) …. Chilocorus circumdatus (Gyllenhal in Schonherr, 1808: 152) 4b (3b). Body nearly hemispherical; length 3.2-4.0 mm, width 2.9-3.9 mm; dorsum strongly convex, black with prothoracic hypomera orange-brown to brown; elytral margin reflex and same color as rest of elytra; venter and legs orange-yellow to yellow-brown; head orange-yellow (Oa, Ma) ……. Chilocorus nigrita (Fabricius, 1798: 79) B2. KEY TO THE SPECIES IN THE TRIBE TELSIMIINI ESTABLISHED IN HAWAII 1a. Body oval; length 1.85 mm, width 1.5 mm; posterior margin of fifth abdominal sternite of male feebly bisinuate; metasternum with short, median, finely impressed line moving from posterior margin forward; dorsal pubescence gray to white, very fine and suberect; epistomal hairs with yellow tinge; width between eyes about half the entire head width; anterior margin of clypeus narrowly yellow- brown; punctures on thorax and abdomen more coarse than on dorsum (Oa) …….Telsimia nigra
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