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Appendix: Chronology Appendix: Chronology Date Event Source This book 23 June 1880 Family travels to Ischl. Swales (1988) p. 59 17 July 1880 Beginning of first Hirschmüller p. 16 (latent incubation (1989) p. 278 stage) of illness; Bertha sits up at night nursing her father. Beginning of Family returns to Hirschmüller September 1880 Vienna. (1989) p. 280 End of Breuer first visits Hirschmüller pp. 19–22, November Bertha because of (1989) p. 280 151 1880 nervous cough. Beginning of Bertha’s convergent Breuer and Freud December 1880 squint appears. (1895) p. 23 11 December End of latent stage Breuer and Freud pp. 16, 21, 1880 of illness. Bertha (1895) p. 23 25 takes to bed; start of second (manifest) stage of illness. March 1881 Bertha overcomes Breuer and Freud aphasia, regains (1895) p. 25 movement and begins to speak in English. 1 April 1881 Bertha leaves bed for Breuer and Freud pp. 22, 182 first time since (1895) p. 25 December. 5 April 1881 Father dies; end of Breuer and Freud pp. 16, second (manifest) (1895) pp. 22, 25 22-4, 26, stage of illness. Start 58, 66, 112, of third (persistent 126, 152, somnambulism) stage. 176 Approx. 15 Krafft-Ebing Hirschmüller p. 20 April 1881 consulted. (1989) p. 285 7 June 1881 Bertha taken to Breuer and Freud pp. 23, 32, Inzersdorf. (1895) p. 28 42, 66, 101, 189 168 Appendix: Chronology 169 Date Event Source This book First week Breuer leaves for Hirschmüller p. 183 of July 1881 five-week holiday trip. (1989) pp. 287, 288 Mid-August Breuer returns from Hirschmüller p. 183 1881 holiday trip. (1989) p. 287 End of August Bertha goes to Vienna Hirschmüller p. 24 1881 with Breuer for (1989) p. 288 eight days. Beginning of Bertha leaves Inzersdorf Hirschmüller pp. 24-5, November 1881 to live with her mother (1989) p. 289 144-5 in Vienna. 4 November Breuer writes to Hirschmüller pp. 25, 1881 Binswanger concerning (1989) p. 292 145, 176 prospective admission to Bellevue for convalescence should Bertha’s acclimatisation to her family fail. Beginning of End of third (persistent Hirschmüller p. 16 December 1881 somnambulism) stage (1989) p. 278 of illness. December 1881 Bertha begins reliving Breuer and Freud pp. 66-7 one year in past. (1895) pp. 32–3 February 1882 Dental operation on Hirschmüller pp. 129-31, left upper jaw. (1989) p. 302 143, 191 11 March 1882 Birth of Dora Breuer. Ellenberger pp. 65, 67 (1970) p. 483 Mid-March Onset of severe facial Hirschmüller p. 131 1882 neuralgia. (1989) p. 301 7 June 1882 Treatment by Breuer Breuer and Freud pp. 16, 29, ends as hysteria (1895) p. 40 32, 42, 63, comes to a close on 93, 101, anniversary of 102, 189 committal to Inzersdorf. 19 June 1882 Bertha goes to Hirschmüller pp. 28, 29, Karlsruhe to stay (1989) p. 294 32, 63, 134 with relatives; Breuer writes to Binswanger concerning prospective admission to Bellevue. 170 Appendix: Chronology Date Event Source This book 12 July 1882 Bertha enters Bellevue Hirschmüller pp. 28, 63, five weeks after end of (1989) p. 112 177 treatment by Breuer. 21 July 1882 Letter from Robert Hirschmüller Binswanger to Recha (1989) p. 300 Pappenheim. He reports that Bertha’s loss of her mother tongue occurs only on odd occasions in the evening for a matter of minutes. 23 July 1882 Letter from Fritz Hirschmüller Homburger to Robert (1989) p. 298 Binswanger. Bertha reporting facial pains during the day and regular speech disturbances in the evenings. Mid-August 1882 Letter from Robert Hirschmüller pp. 26, Binswanger to Recha (1989) p. 301 130 Pappenheim contemplating surgical treatment of Bertha’s neuralgia. 27 August 1882 Letter from Recha Hirschmüller p. 26 Pappenheim in (1989) p. 301 Karlsruhe to Robert Binswanger advising against surgery; neuralgia closely connected to psychic processes. Approx. Report by Bertha on her Hirschmüller pp. 30-1, 32, beginning of inability to speak (1989) 34, 177 October German. pp. 296–7 5 October 1882 Letter from Robert Hirschmüller p. 101 Binswanger to Recha (1989) p. 303 Pappenheim reporting that Bertha is just as dependent on morphine as she ever was. 7 October 1882 Letter from Recha Hirschmüller p. 101 Pappenheim in Karlsruhe (1989) pp. 303–4 Appendix: Chronology 171 Date Event Source This book to Robert Binswanger, reporting that Breuer is unable to take over treatment. 15 October Letter from Recha Hirschmüller 1882 Pappenheim in Vienna (1989) p. 304 to Robert Binswanger. Bertha has told her that her facial neuralgia is worse rather than better and her morphine consumption has therefore increased. 29 October Bertha leaves Bellevue Hirschmüller pp. 29, 31 1882 for Karlsruhe. (1989) p. 290 8 November Letter of thanks from Hirschmüller p. 31 1882 Bertha Pappenheim in (1989) p. 306 Karlsruhe to Robert Binswanger, in which she reports still having to rely on syringe. 25 December To Frankfurt for family Hirschmüller p. 31 1882 visit. (1989) p. 307 28 December To Mainz for family visit. Hirschmüller p. 31 1882 (1989) p. 307 4 January 1883 Letter from Fritz Hirschmüller pp. 31, 6 Homburger to Robert (1989) p. 307 Binswanger reporting that English speaking had occurred for about an hour in the evening from time to time two weeks after her arrival and that the neuralgic pains had persisted. 22 January Letter from Martha Freud and p. 33 1883 Bernays to Minna Bernays Bernays; Bertha (2005) p. 47 reported to be completely cured. 13 July 1883 Letter from Freud to Freud (1961) Martha Bernays relating p. 55 discussion with Breuer about Bertha Pappenheim. 172 Appendix: Chronology Date Event Source This book 30 July 1883 Bertha enters Inzersdorf Hirschmüller p. 33 Sanatorium. (1989) p. 115 5 August 1883 Letter from Freud to Forrester (1990) pp. 34, 138, Martha Bernays reporting p. 26 148, 187 that Breuer wishes Bertha were dead so she could be free of her suffering. 31 October Letter from Freud to Borch-Jacobsen pp. 34-5, 99, 1883 Martha Bernays. Tells (1996) pp. 40–1 103, 187, her that Bertha is in a 190 sanatorium getting rid of her pains and morphine poisoning and gives account of Breuer’s withdrawal as Bertha’s doctor. 2 November Letter from Martha Appignanesi, L. pp. 103-4, 1883 Bernays to Freud and Forrester, J. 187 imagining herself in (1992) p. 82; the position of Library of Breuer’s wife. Congress 4 November Letter from Freud to Appignanesi, L. pp. 104-5 1883 Martha Bernays and Forrester, J. reassuring his fiancée (1992) p. 82; about being different Library of from Breuer. Congress 13 January Letter from Breuer to Hirschmüller p. 35 1884 Robert Binswanger (1989) p. 310 reporting Bertha in good health with no pains or other troubles. 17 January Bertha leaves Inzersdorf Hirschmüller p. 33 1884 Sanatorium. (1989) p. 115 4 March 1885 Bertha enters Inzersdorf Hirschmüller p. 33 Sanatorium. (1989) p. 115 2 July 1885 Bertha leaves Inzersdorf Hirschmüller p. 33 Sanatorium. (1989) p. 115 28 November Letter from Martha Library of p. 35 1886 Bernays to Minna and Congress Emmeline Bernays; Bertha apparently extraordinarily well. Appendix: Chronology 173 Date Event Source This book 1 February Letter from Martha Library of p. 35 1887 Bernays to Emmeline Congress Bernays reporting visit from Bertha whose illness has taken its toll. 31 May 1887 Letter from Martha Library of pp. 35-6 Bernays to Emmeline Congress Bernays reporting Bertha quite miserable. After 5 in the evening she gets into one of her states. 30 June 1887 Bertha enters Inzersdorf Hirschmüller p. 33 Sanatorium. (1989) p. 115 18 July 1887 Bertha leaves Inzersdorf Hirschmüller p. 33 Sanatorium. (1989) p. 115 14 November Registered address in Hirschmüller pp. 116-7 1888 Frankfurt. (1989) p. 372 Notes Preface 1. The greatest difficulties are situated where we’re not looking for them. (The English translations of the quotations from Goethe at the head of each chapter are based on those made by Elisabeth Stopp and published in the Penguin Edition of Goethe’s Maxims and Reflections (1998), edited by Peter Hutchinson.) Introduction: The changing history of a case history 1. The unreasonable thing about otherwise reasonable people is that they don’t know how to sort out what someone is saying when he’s not really put it as precisely as he should have done. 2. These will be discussed below. 3. Micale (1995, pp. 59–62) gives a brief but useful survey of some of this literature and Macmillan (1997, pp. 10–12; pp. 631–3) likewise looks at some of the problems associated with it. 1 The 1882 documents 1. The present moment is a sort of public: you have to deceive it so that it imagines you are doing something; then it leaves you alone to carry on in secret with what its descendants will surely view with astonishment. 2. The Latinism ‘hystericis’ used by Breuer here could most literally be translated as ‘hysterics’, although this has connotations in English of a general attack of fits or convulsions, rather than a range of hysterical symptoms, as Breuer intends. The passage quoted is a modified translation of the German, since the rendering in the published English edition (p. 279) masks the point of the distinction between the absences and the hysterical symptoms that is much clearer in the original: ‘In solcher Weise traten eine ungemeine Menge von hystericis immer zuerst im Affect oder in der Absence auf, die sich dann immer häufiger wiederholten…’ (Hirschmüller, 1978, p. 351). 3. Fritz Schweighofer appears to be rare in the secondary literature in noticing this crucial distinction in Breuer’s work: ‘The hypnosis and hypnoid states assume a central place in Breuer’s presentation.
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