DOCSLIB.ORG

Land Use History for Marsh-Billings National I Historical Park

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Land Use History for Marsh-Billings National I Historical Park Land Use History for Marsh-Billings National I Historical Park $t m ;6 Olmsted Center for Landscape Preservation L--1 Itural Landscape Program North Atlantic Region National Park Service Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2012 with funding from LYRASIS Members and Sloan Foundation http://archive.org/details/landusehistoryfoOOfoul Land Use History for Marsh-Billings National Historical Park by H. Eliot Foulds Katharine Lacy Lauren G. Meier Olmsted Center for Landscape Preservation CULTURAL LANDSCAPE PUBLICATION NO. 4 National Park Service North Atlantic Region Cultural Landscape Program Boston, Massachusetts 1994 Prepared for the Division of Planning, Development and Engineering National Park Service, North Atlantic Region By the Olmsted Center for Landscape Preservation A partnership between the Frederick Law Olmsted National Historic Site, the North Atlantic Regional Cultural Landscape Program and the Arnold Arboretum of Harvard University In collaboration with David Donath, Director, Billings Farm & Museum Janet Houghton, Curator of Decorative Arts, Billings Farm & Museum John Wiggin, Director of Land Use, Woodstock Resort Corporation Cover illustration Four-square garden and Palm house before installation of the fountain designed by Piatt, c. 1895. Photograph courtesy Billings Family Archives Publication Credits Information in this publication may be copied and used, with the condition that credit is given to the authors, the National Park Service and other contributors. Appropriate citations and bibliographic credits should be made for each use. Table of Contents List of Figures v Foreword vii Preface viii Acknowledgements ix Introduction 1 Sources Consulted 1 Part One: Conservation Philosophies of Marsh, Billings and Rockefeller 5 Introduction 5 Early American Attitudes Towards Wilderness 5 Early Conservation Efforts 6 The Boyhood Landscape of George Perkins Marsh 6 George Perkins Marsh's Innovative Conservation Philosophy 7 Marsh's Legacy 9 Frederick Billings 10 Laurance Rockefeller 13 Part Two: Land Use History 19 Pre-Marsh Period (Pre-History to 1789) 19 Documentation 19 Indigenous Landscape 19 Early Settlement 21 Marsh Period (1789-1 869) 25 Documentation 25 Landscape Setting 25 Evolution of the Marsh Landscape 27 Description of Marsh Landscape c. 1869 29 Billings Period (1869-1914) 37 Documentation 37 Landscape Setting 37 The Billings Domestic Landscape 38 The Billings Farm and Forest 59 Billings Heirs/Rockefeller Period (1914-1992) 67 Documentation 67 Transfer and control of the property following Frederick Billing's death 67 The Domestic Landscape 68 The Farm and Forest 70 The Establishment of the Marsh-Billings National Historic Park 76 iii Part Three: Analysis and Recommendations 83 Preliminary Evaluation of Significance 83 Preliminary Discussion of Integrity 89 Preservation Issues 90 Recommendations for Subsequent Work 91 Bibliography 95 Books and Published Sources 95 Reports and Unpublished Materials 96 Interviews 97 Archives Consulted and Outcome 97 Appendices 99 A. Local Gazetteer (from Houghton) 99 B. Forest Stand Chart (from Wiggin) 108 C. Chronology of Events, Plans and Photographs (adapted from Donath) 113 IV . List of Figures Figure Page 1 Drawing from The Abenaki by Colin Calloway 20 2. Map of Woodstock, Vermont, 1832 22 3. Rogers stone boundary marker 23 4. Map of Woodstock by Hosea Doton, 1855 26 5. Charles Marsh house, Woodstock Vermont 28 6. Advertisement, Female High School, Rev. B.C.C. Parker, Schoolmaster, 1839 30 7. Ottauqueechee floodplain occupied by the Windsor County Fairgrounds, 1865 31 8. Charles Marsh's Federal Style house and hillside grounds c. 1864-69 32 9. Period Plan, Marsh Period (1789-1869) 33 10. Billings Property Acquisitions from Doton Surveys, 1887-88 39 11. Billings landscape plan, by Robert Morris Copeland, 1869 41 12. Typical American landscape design of the mid- 19th century 42 13. Kitchen garden in the upper meadow, c. 1887-90 44 14. Comparison of a typical rustic shelter with "summer house" on south lawn, 45 Billings Mansion 15. Billings Estate Map No. 2 by Doton and others, 1887-88 46 16. View of northeast side of Billings mansion and grounds, c.1870 47 17. Billings summer-house, gate house and greenhouse, no date 48 18. Billings mansion and grounds from iron bridge, c. 1870 49 19. Billings mansion after 1886 remodeling by H. H. Holly 50 20. Billings mansion, grounds and floodplain meadow, c. 1886 52 Figure Page 21. Billings mansion and ground, c. 1890 53 22. Four-square garden and Palm House before addition of fountain, c.1895 54 23. Four-square garden after installation of fountain, post- 1899 55 24. Long terraces and Piatt benches before Shipman's planting design, post 1899 56 25. Driveway redesign by Hutcheson, c. 1902 57 26. Herbaceous boarders for long terrace, designed by Ellen Shipman, 1913 58 27. Aitken's restored 1890 farmhouse 59 28. Sketch map, Billings estate showing forest plantations, c. 1917 61 29. Period Plan, Billings Period, 1869-1914 65 30. The Bungalow 68 31. The swimming pool, c.1960's 69 32. Tracing of contour map of mansion grounds, c.1956 71 33. Secondary entrance drive, Bryan Lynch, landscape architect, c.1978 72 34. Windsor County Fairgrounds in the 1890's 74 35. Visitor's center, Billings Farm and Museum, by Sasaki and Associates 75 36. Period Plan, Billings Heirs/Rockefeller Period, 1914-1992, shown c.1992 77 VI " Foreword "The true importance of Marsh, Billings and those who follow in their footsteps goes beyond simple stewardship. Their work transcends maintenance. It involves new thought and new action to enhance and enrich and even repair errors of the past. This may be the real importance of what we can be taught and learn at Marsh-Billings. We cannot rest on the achievements of the past. Rather, each generation must not only be stewards, but activists, innovators and enrichers. Laurance S. Rockefeller I commend the Olmsted Center for Landscape Preservation project team for this perceptive report documenting the land use history of the Marsh-Billings National Historical Park. The conservation philosophies of George Perkins Marsh, Frederick Billings, and Laurance S. Rockefeller are reflected in the evolution of the park's cultural landscape. While each generation's approach to stewardship differs, there has been a continuous commitment to conservation. Evidence of this legacy transcends the site and forms the foundation of our conservation ideals today. The National Park Service, guided by this report, is committed to meeting Laurance S. Rockefeller's challenge. We will perpetuate the history of conservation stewardship while being activists, open to bringing new ideas for action, innovation and enrichment to the management of Marsh-Billings National Historical Park. Marie Rust Regional Director North Atlantic Region National Park Service Boston, Massachusetts vu Preface The Land Use History for Marsh-Billings National Historical Park is the fourth publication in our Cultural Landscape Publication Series. This series is intended to aid managers and other preservation professionals in the planning and management of cultural landscapes. This report was prepared by the Olmsted Center for Landscape Preservation, the National Park Service's cultural resource center dedicated to providing landscape technical assistance, training, and technology development. The Olmsted Center is a partnership between the North Atlantic Region's Cultural Landscape Program, the Frederick Law Olmsted National Historic Site, and the Arnold Arboretum of Harvard University. The project team of Eliot Foulds, Katharine Lacy, and Lauren Meier compiled a concise yet comprehensive overview of the landscape history of the Marsh-Billings estate and associated Billings Farm. This report provides critical resource information for the current planning and future stewardship of this significant property. Nora Mitchell Manager Cultural Landscape Program and Series Editor Cultural Landscape Publication Series North Atlantic Region National Park Service Boston, Massachusetts Vlll ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Many individuals assisted with and contributed to this Land Use History for Marsh-Billings National Historical Park. Specifically, we would like to thank David Donath, Director of the Billings Farm & Museum, whose materials prepared for the Conservation Stewardship Workshop, held in October of 1993, were invaluable in the preparation of this document. Janet Houghton, Curator of Decorative Arts graciously and efficiently directed our research at the Billings Family Archives, a collection rich in landscape history. John Wiggin, Director of Land Use for the Woodstock Resort Corporation, made possible access to the site during blizzard conditions by arranging transportation via the WRC ski trail grooming equipment. Mr. Wiggin's "Forest Management and Ecological Inventory" provided information critical in the preparation of period plans of the site's forested areas. These three individuals reviewed drafts of the report, providing helpful guidance and comments. Phil Lewis, David Yates, James Sawyer, and Carl Bergstrom were kind enough to be interviewed, each offering valuable personal knowledge of the evolution of the Marsh-Billings landscape. We would also like to thank the librarians of the University of Vermont's Bailey/Howe Library whose timely search of the Marsh Papers located there yielded a map useful in understanding the layout of the Marsh farmstead prior to 1869. We would like to express our appreciation to the North Atlantic Region's Division of Planning, Development and
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Rockefellers an Enduring Legacy
    The Rockefellers An Enduring Legacy 90 / OCTOBER 2012 / WWW.WESTCHESTERMAGAZINE.COM alfway through a three-hour tour The views from Kykuit were astound- of the Kykuit mansion, the for- ing—possibly the best in Westchester. The mer home to four generations Hudson sparkled like a thousand stars lit up of Rockefellers, it became appar- in the night sky. Surrounding towns, includ- ent that I was going to need to ing Tarrytown and Sleepy Hollow, looked as Huse the bathroom—a large mug of iced coffee if civilization had yet to move in, the tree- purchased at a Tarrytown café was to blame. tops hiding any sign of human life. I felt like My guide, Corinne, a woman of perhaps 94, a time-traveler whisked back to a bygone era. Look around eagerly led me to a marble bathroom enclosed This must have been the view that had in- by velvet ropes, telling me this may have been spired John D. Rockefeller to purchase land you. How where John D. Rockefeller had spent a great in Westchester in 1893. New York City, where deal of his time. When, after several high- the majority of the Rockefeller family resided, much of decibel explanations, she gathered the nature was just 31 miles away and a horse-drawn car- of my request, I was ushered away from the riage could make the journey to the estate in the land, tour by two elderly women carrying walkie- less than two hours. It was the perfect family talkies, taken down a long flight of wooden retreat, a temporary escape from city life.
    [Show full text]
  • The Republican Right Since 1945
    University of Kentucky UKnowledge American Politics Political Science 1983 The Republican Right since 1945 David W. Reinhard Click here to let us know how access to this document benefits ou.y Thanks to the University of Kentucky Libraries and the University Press of Kentucky, this book is freely available to current faculty, students, and staff at the University of Kentucky. Find other University of Kentucky Books at uknowledge.uky.edu/upk. For more information, please contact UKnowledge at [email protected]. Recommended Citation Reinhard, David W., "The Republican Right since 1945" (1983). American Politics. 24. https://uknowledge.uky.edu/upk_political_science_american_politics/24 Right SINCE 1945 David W. Reinhard THE UNIVERSITY PRESS OF KENTUCKY Coypright© 1983 by The University Press of Kentucky Scholarly publisher for the Commonwealth, serving Bellarmine College, Berea College, Centre College of Kentucky, Eastern Kentucky University, The Filson Club, Georgetown College, Kentucky Historical Society, Kentucky State University, Morehead State University, Murray State University, Northern Kentucky University, Transylvania University, University of Kentucky, University of louisville, and Western Kentucky University. Editorial and Sales Offices: Lexington, Kentucky 40506-0024 ISBN: 978-0-8131-5449-7 Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Reinhard, David W., 1952- The Republican Right since 1945. Bibliography: p. Includes index. 1. Republican Party (U.S.) 2. Conservatism-United States-Histoty-20th century. 3. United States-Politics and government-1945- I. Title. JK2356.R28 1983 324.2734 82-40460 Contents Preface v 1. If Roosevelt Lives Forever 1 2. A Titanic Ballot-Box Uprising 15 3. The Philadelphia Story 37 4. ANewSetofGuts 54 5. If the Elephant Remembers 75 6.
    [Show full text]
  • Oveta Culp Hobby: a Study of Power and Control Robert T
    Florida State University Libraries Electronic Theses, Treatises and Dissertations The Graduate School 2008 Oveta Culp Hobby: A Study of Power and Control Robert T. Pando Follow this and additional works at the FSU Digital Library. For more information, please contact [email protected] FLORIDA STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES OVETA CULP HOBBY: A STUDY OF POWER AND CONTROL By ROBERT T. PANDO A Dissertation Submitted to the Department of History In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Degree Awarded: Spring Semester, 2008 Copyright © 2008 Robert T. Pando All Rights Reserved The members of the Committee approve the dissertation of Robert T. Pando defended on March 31, 2008 _____________________________ Elna C. Green Professor Directing Dissertation _____________________________ Barney Warf Outside Committee Member _____________________________ Maxine D. Jones Committee Member _____________________________ Neil Jumonville Committee Member _____________________________ Jennifer Koslow Committee Member The Office of Graduate Studies has verified and approved the above named committee members. ii for Trilla and Katy iii Long afterward, Oedipus, old and blinded, walked the roads. He smelled a familiar smell. It was the Sphinx. Oedipus said, "I want to ask one question. Why didn't I recognize my mother?" "You gave the wrong answer," said the Sphinx. "But that was what made everything possible," said Oedipus. "No," she said. "When I asked, What walks on four legs in the morning, two at noon, and three in the evening, you answered, Man. You didn't say anything about woman." "When you say Man," said Oedipus, "you include women too. Everyone knows that." She said, "That's what you think." Muriel Rukeyser “Myth” My father taught me that I could turn the world around just as well as any of my brothers.
    [Show full text]
  • Annual Report 1993
    1993 ANNUAL REPORT WBBKM NATIONAL GALLERY OF ART 1993 Annual Report Copyright © 1994. Board of Trustees, Details illustrated at section openings: National Gallery of Art. All rights reserved. p. 5: Attributed to Francesco Righetti, Mercury, c. 1780/1800, Andrew W. Mellon Collection, This publication was produced by the Editors 1937.1.131 Office, National Gallery of Art p. 7: Winslow Homer, Breezing Up (A Fair Wind), Editor-in-chief, Frances P. Smyth 1876, Gift of the W. L. and May T. Mellon Foundation, 1943.13.1 Editor, Tarn L. Curry p. 9: Thomas Cole, The Notch of the White Mountains (Crawford Notch), 1839, Andrew W. Mellon Fund, Designed by Susan Lehmann, 1967.8.1 Washington, D.C. p. 13: Lovis Corinth, Girl Reading, 1911, Gift of the Printed by Schneidereith & Sons, Marcy Family in memory of Sigbert H. Marcy Baltimore, Maryland The type is Meridien, set by BG Composition, p. 55: Raphael, Saint George and the Dragon, c. 1506, Andrew W. Mellon Collection, 1937.1.26 Baltimore, Maryland p. 59: Georges Braque, Still Life: Le Jour, 1929, Chester Dale Collection, 1963.10.91 ISBN 0-89468-205-9 p. 67: Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres, Mrs. Charles Photographic credits: Badham, 1816, The Armand Hammer Collection, p. 24 © Robert Frank 1991.217.20 p. 71: Jan Gossaert, Portrait of a Merchant, c. 1530, Works of art in the collection were photographed Ailsa Mellon Bruce Fund, 1967.4.1 by the department of imaging and visual services. Other photographs by Rex Stucky (p. 8), Shelley p. 81: Franz Innocenz Josef Kobell, Seacoast with a Sturman (p.
    [Show full text]
  • The Rockefeller Legacy: Philanthropy and Conservation
    National Park Service Grand Teton U.S. Department of the Interior Grand Teton National Park John D. Rockefeller, Jr. Memorial Parkway The Rockefeller Legacy: Philanthropy and Conservation John D. Rockefeller, Sr. & John D. Rockefeller, Jr., 1920 Laurance S. and Mary Rockefeller, 1965 John D. Rockefeller, Jr., 1915 Three Generations John Davison Rockefeller, Sr. was one of the wealthiest people in American history. Even as his wealth grew, he gave a portion of his earnings to various charities. His son, John D. Rockefeller, Jr. continued to pursue philanthropic and civic activities including the expansion of Grand Teton National Park. A third Rockefeller generation, known as “the Brothers,” visited the Yellowstone and Jackson Hole area as children. Laurance S. Rockefeller donated the family retreat to Grand Teton National Park in 2007 fulflling his father’s vision for this land. John Davison John Davison Rockefeller, Sr. (1839-1937) was once His funding advanced public health and medical Rockefeller, Sr. one of the most powerful men in America. He research, and promoted education “without started Standard Oil Company in 1870 and ran it the distinction of race, sex, or creed” including until 1896. Even as a young man, Rockefeller gave establishing the University of Chicago. In 1913, part of his earnings to his church and charities. he established the Rockefeller Foundation “to After retirement, he focused on philanthropy with promote the well-being of mankind around the the same intensity he brought to his business. world.” John D. Rockefeller, Jr. John D. Rockefeller, Jr. (1874-1960) graduated from Rockefeller including the desire to preserve the Brown University in 1897 and went to work for his valley as a “museum on the hoof.” Dismayed by father.
    [Show full text]
  • National Register of Historic Places Registration Form
    NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Registration Form This form is for use in nominating or requesting determinations for individual properties and districts. See instructions in National Register Bulletin, How to Complete the National Register of Historic Places Registration Form. If any item does not apply to the property being documented, enter "N/A" for "not applicable." For functions, architectural classification, materials, and areas of significance, enter only categories and subcategories from the instructions. 1. Name of Property Historic name: Woodstock Village Historic District (AD, BC) Other names/site number: ______________________________________ Name of related multiple property listing: _ N/A__________________________________________________________ (Enter "N/A" if property is not part of a multiple property listing ____________________________________________________________________________ 2. Location Street & number: Multiple City or town: Woodstock State: Vermont County: Windsor Not For Publication: Vicinity: ____________________________________________________________________________ 3. State/Federal Agency Certification As the designated authority under the National Historic Preservation Act, as amended, I hereby certify that this nomination ___ request for determination of eligibility meets the documentation standards for registering properties in the National Register of Historic Places and meets the procedural and
    [Show full text]
  • Billings Family Collection of Printed Materials
    National Park Service U.S. Department of the Interior FINDING AID THE BILLINGS FAMILY COLLECTION OF PRINTED MATERIAL 1830-1994 (Bulk dates: 1860-1900) Prepared by Marianne Zephir July 2013 Marsh-Billings-Rockefeller National Historical Park National Park Service Catalog Number: MABI 14174 MABI 14174 i TABLE OF CONTENTS Copyright and Restrictions …………………………………………………………..…ii History ………………………………………………………………………………….1 Scope and Content ……………………………………………………………………...2 Hierarchy ………………………………………………………………………………..3 Series Descriptions …………………………………………………………………….. 4 Container List ………………………………………………………………………….14 MABI 14174 ii COPYRIGHT AND RESTRICTIONS The copyright law of the United States (Title 17, United States Code) governs the making of photocopies or other reproductions of copyrighted materials. The various state privacy acts govern the use of materials that document private individuals, groups, and corporations. Under certain conditions specified in the law, libraries and archives are authorized to furnish a reproduction if the document does not infringe the privacy rights of an individual, group, or corporation. These specified conditions of authorized use include: non-commercial and non-profit study, scholarship, or research, or teaching criticism, commentary, or news reporting as a NPS preservation or security copy as a research copy for deposit in another institution If a user later uses a copy or reproduction for purposes in excess of "fair use," the user may be personally liable for copyright, privacy, or publicity infringement. This institution's permission to obtain a photographic, xerographic, digital, or other copy of a document doesn't indicate permission to publish, exhibit, perform, reproduce, sell, distribute, or prepare derivative works from this document without first obtaining permission from the copyright holder and from any private individual, group, or corporation shown or otherwise recorded.
    [Show full text]
  • Annual Report 1985
    1985 ANNUAL REPORT National Gallery of Art - 1 1985 ANNUAL REPORT National Gallery of Art All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced without the written permission of the National Gallery of Art, Washington, D C. 20565 Copyright ©1986. Board of Trustees, National Gallery of Art This publication was produced by the Editors Office, National Gallery of Art, Washington Edited by Jane Sweeney Printed by Schneidereith & Sons, Baltimore, Maryland The type is Bodoni Book, set by Hodges Typographers, Silver Spring, Maryland Designed by Susan Lehmann. Washington Inside front cover and page 1: View of installation of twentieth-century collection, East Building Frontispiece: View of inaugural luncheon at United States Capitol, with Jasper Francis Cropsey's Autumn—On the Hudson River (1963.9.1) as backdrop Photo credits: cover, inside front cover, James Pipkin; 2/3, United States Senate; 27, Rex A. Stucky; 28, 36, Philip Charles; 29, 31, 112, 113, inside back cover, William Schaeffer; .6, 106, 126, William Wilson; 85, 103, Richard Amt; other photographs, National Gallery of Art Photographic Laboratory ISBN 0-89468-092-7 CONTENTS 7 PREFACE 17 ORGANIZATION 19 DIRECTOR'S REVIEW OF THE YEAR 35 DONORS AND ACQUISITIONS 61 LENDERS 67 LOANS TO EXHIBITIONS 75 EDUCATIONAL SERVICES 75 Department of Public Programs 80 Department of Extension Programs 83 CENTER FOR ADVANCED STUDY IN THE VISUAL ARTS 91 OTHER DEPARTMENTAL REPORTS 91 Curatorial 98 Division of Records and Loans 99 Changes of Attribution 101 Library 105 Photographic Archives 105 Conservation Division 109 Editors Office 110 Exhibitions Office 111 Department of Installation and Design 113 Gallery Archives 113 Photographic Services 115 STAFF ACTIVITIES AND PUBLICATIONS 125 MUSIC AT THE GALLERY 127 PUBLICATIONS SERVICE 128 BUILDING MAINTENANCE, SECURITY, AND ATTENDANCE 129 FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 139 ROSTER OF EMPLOYEES AND DOCENTS PREFACE The National Gallery's fiscal year ending 30 September 1985 was rewarding and significant.
    [Show full text]
  • Conservation Stewardship Workshop FINDINGS AND
    Conservation Stewardship Workshop FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS Niagara, Thomas Cole, date uncertain, possibly circa 1829-30. Collections of Mary F. and laurance S. Rockefeller, Woodstock, Vermont. Marsh-Billings National Historical Park WOODSTOCK, VERMONT NOVEMBER 20-21, 1993 Contents 1 - Executive Summary 3 - Opening Remarks 3 Laurance Spelman Rockefeller 4 Roger Kennedy, Director, National Park Service 5 - The Workshop 5 Participants 5 National Park Service Team 6 Major Findings Recommendations 18 Review of Themes & Resources on the History of American Conservation - Jurretta J. Heckscker 23 - Background David A.. Donath 23 Marsh-Billings National Historical Park 24 Site History 25 George Perkins Marsh 29 Frederick Billings 33 Laurance Spelman Rockefeller 36 Endnotes 39 Selected Bibliography 41 - Principal Speaker Essays 41 The American Conservation Movement an d the Woodstock Site David Lowenthal 42 Frederick Billings - Robin Winks 45 Laurance Spelman Rockefeller - Russell E. Train 49 - Appendix 49 Changing Attitudes Toward Conservation - David Lowenthal 54 Workshop Participant Biographies 59 Special Thanks to Workshop Guests & Staff Executive Summary Purpose The Conservation Stewardship Workshop convened a group of some 5O professionals from within and outside of the National Park Service in November 1993 to define the broad outlines of the “story to be told” at the new Marsh-Billings National Historical Park. The purpose of the park is to interpret the history and evolution of conservation stewardship in America and to recognize the significant contributions of the individuals who have shaped and occupied the property—George Perkins Marsh, Frederick Billings, and Laurance S. Rockefeller. During the two-day workshop, participants engaged in a wide-ranging discussion of topics related to conservation history and the specific contributions of Marsh, Billings, and Rockefeller that reflect important aspects of the evolution of the American conservation movement.
    [Show full text]
  • By Air and by Land DHART Celebrates Its 10Th Birthday Sary Pap Tests
    vitalsigns FACTS & FIGURES By air and by land DHART celebrates its 10th birthday sary Pap tests. If a hysterectomy DMS researcher CO was done because of cancer, RUM PHOTOGRAPHY documents incidence Sirovich adds, having a regular of needless Paps Pap is still a good idea. But most hysterectomies are not cancer re- Ten million women who have lated. For these women, testing had hysterectomies are tested cells from the vagina, in lieu of each year, needlessly, for cervical the absent cervix, tells nothing. cancer. In most hysterectomies, Vaginal cancer is very rare, and the cervix as well as the uterus is the Pap smear was not designed surgically removed. “It doesn’t to find it. make sense to screen a woman Practice: “The interesting ques- for cancer in an organ that she tion to ask,” Sirovich says, “is It used to be called the Dartmouth-Hitchcock Air Response doesn’t have,” explains Dr. Bren- how did this practice evolve? I Team. It’s still northern New England’s only medical flight da Sirovich, an assistant profes- don’t know. In medical school, service, but now DHART stands for Dartmouth-Hitchcock sor of medicine at DMS. we were taught to do vaginal Advanced Response Team and two high-tech ground vehicles The test for cervical cancer is smears on women who had had augment the service’s two helicopters. Here’s a numerical look the Pap smear, in which a few hysterectomies. It didn’t make at DHART’s impact (“calls” are requests for service; weather or cells from the cervix are scraped sense to me, but when you’re in simultaneous calls can keep them from being completed): off and examined under a micro- training a lot of things don’t scope.
    [Show full text]
  • British Journal of Photography 132 (March 22, 1985): 321-4
    AMERICAN WOMEN PHOTOGRAPHERS Recent Titles in the Art Reference Collection Native American Basketry: An Annotated Bibliography Frank W. Porter HI, compiler Serials Guide to Ethnoart: A Guide to Serial Publications on Visual Arts of Africa, Oceania, and the Americas Eugene C. Burt, compiler World Architecture Index: A Guide to Illustrations Edward H. Teague, compiler Index to Italian Architecture: A Guide to Key Monuments and Reproduction Sources Edward H. Teague, compiler Ten Precisionist Artists: Annotated Bibliographies R. Scott Harnsberger, compiler David L. Henderson, technical editor American Graphic Design: A Guide to the Literature Ellen Mazur Thomson, compiler Action Art: A Bibliography of Artists' Performance from Futurism to Fluxus and Beyond John Gray, compiler Les Fauves: A Sourcebook Russell T. Clement American House Designs: An Index to Popular and Trade Periodicals, 1850-1915 Margaret Culbertson, compiler Kahlo and Look Who Else: A Selective Bibliography on Twentieth-Century Latin American Women Artists Cecilia Puerto Four French Symbolists: A Sourcebook on Pierre Puvis de Chavannes, Gustave Moreau, Odilon Redon, and Maurice Denis Russell T. Clement Dutch Modernism, Architectural Resources in the English Language Donald Langmead AMERICAN WOMEN PHOTOGRAPHERS A Selected and Annotated Bibliography MARTHA KREISEL Art Reference Collection, number 18 Greenwood Press Westport, Connecticut • London Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Kreisel, Martha, 1948- American women photographers : a selected and annotated bibliography / Martha Kreisel. p. cm.—(Art reference collection, ISSN 0193-6867 ; no. 18) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-313-30478-5 (alk. paper) 1. Women photographers—United States—Bibliography. 2. Photography—United States—History—Bibliography. I. Title. II. Series. Z7134.K74 1999 [TR139] 016.77'082'0973—dc21 98-48654 British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data is available.
    [Show full text]
  • Descendants of Gotthart Goddard Rockenfeller
    Descendants of Gotthart Goddard Rockenfeller Generation 1 1. GOTTHART GODDARD1 ROCKENFELLER was born in 1590 in Fahr, Germany. He married MAGDALENA. Notes for Gotthart Goddard Rockenfeller: Gotthart Goddard Rockefeller was born in 1590 at Fahr, Feldkirchen, Neuwied, Rheinland- Pfalz. That's about 270 miles from where my 7th great grandfather, Otto Scherp, was born in Germany about 1628. Goddard, as we understand he was addressed with his middle name, is the eldest ancestor in the Rockenfeller (Rockefeller) family line that was destined to be such a significant influence on the American scene later as the United States developed as a first world power. The family line would include Governors of New York and Arkansas, and a Vice President of the United States. It would include the donor of the $8,000,000 to buy the land on which the United Nations buildings are situated. And, of course, the family is replete with philanthropic activities that have benefits countless charities and good causes. One I particularly like is the Rockefeller Museum in Jerusalem. Goddard is the great, great grandfather of Johann Phillip Rockefeller (born about 1747). Phillip married Catherina Sharp, who is my great, great, grand aunt on my father's side of the family. That's how the Sharpe family is connected with the Rockefeller family. Goddard was born in Germany the very same years as Alice Carpenter was born in England. Alice represents marriages to two men associated with two of the most significant documents in the world about governance, human and civil rights. Her first husband was a descendant of King Edward I, one of three generations of English Kings who issued 17 editions of the Magna Carta.
    [Show full text]