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10154 CONGR.ESSION AL RECORD-SEN ATE JUNE 6 By Mr. DOUGHTON: A bill (H. R. 12794) for the relief of Oklahoma, urging pa age of the Couzens joint resolution pro­ W. E. McNeill, Lee Allman, and John Allman, stockholders of viding for the temporary suspension of consolidation of rail­ McNeill, Allman Construction Co. (Inc.), and W. E. McNeill, roads until Congre s provides protection for the railroad em­ uis ·olution agent of the McNeill-Allman Construction Co. ; to ployees as well as the public; to the Committee on Inter.., tate the Committee on the Judiciary. and Foreign Commerce. By Mr. HULL of Wisconsin: A bill (H. R. 12795) granting a 7483. By Mr. PEAVEY: Resolution from the County Board of pension to Catherine Millet; to the Committee on Invalid Pen­ Sawyer County, Wis., protesting the use of butter ub titutes ions. in State and Federal institutions, becau e such substitute CUl'­ By Mr. KIESS: A bill (H. R. 12796) granting an increase of tail the farmer's market, set a bad example for private in­ pen ..Jon to Matilda IIurer; to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. stitutions and indiYiduals, and impair the health and entlanger By Mr. KI~CHELOE: A bill (II. R. 12797) granting an in­ the lives of those per ons \"\·ho subsist thereon ; to the Com­ crea. e of pension to Burley L. Van Fleet; to the Committee on mittee on Agriculture. Invalid Pensions. 7484. By Mr. S::\IITII of West Virginia: Re olution by the By 1\lr. KINZER: A bill (H. R. 12798) for the relief of John Crawford Bu ines Men's League, of Chicago, urging the pas. age K. Lintner; to the Committee on Naval Affairs. of legislation which shall check the monovoly of the chain-store By Mr. McMILLAN: A bill (H. R. 12799) for the relief of system; to the Committee on Inter..., t ate and Foreign Com­ Nellie Philips France ; to the Committee on Claims. merce. By ;.rr. SMITH of We t Virginia: A bill (II. R. 12800) grant­ ing a pension to Martha J. Hannah; to the Committee on Invalid SENATE Pensions. FRIDAY, June 6, 1930 PETITIONS, ETC. (Legi.s~ati-ve day ot Th:ttrsdO!y, May 29, 1990) Under clau e 1, of Rule XXII. petitions and papers were laid The Senate met at 12 o'clock meridian, on the expiration of on the Clerk' de~ k and referred a follows: the rece s. 7469. By :\lr. BOY~~: Letter from Overseas Automotive The VICE PRE !DENT. The Senate "ill receive a me sage Club, of New York City, opposing the pas age of the tariff from the Hou e of Repre...~ntatives. act ; to the Committee on Ways and 1\leans. ~470. Also, letter from Redfield-Downey-Odell Co., New York MESSAGE FRO:ll THE HOUSE City, opposing House bill 11096, which provides for a postage A message from the House of llepre entative by Mr. Halli­ charge of 5 cent for directory service to be collected from the gan, one of its clerks, announced that the House had agreed to sender of all mail that requires such service; to the Committee the report of the committee of conference on the disagreeing on the Post Office and Po t Roads. votes of the two Houses on the amendments of the Senate to 7471. By Mr. CRADDOCK: Petition of the Woman's Tem­ the bill (H. R. 10175) to amend an act entitled "An act to pro­ perance Union, of Campbellsville, Ky., at its April meeting vide for the promotion of vocational rehabilitation of persons adopted a resolution petitioning the Congress to enact a law disabled in industry or otherwise and their return to civil em­ for the Federal supervision of motion pictures establishing ployment," approved June 2, 1920, as amended. higher standards before production for films that are to be The me ~ sage also announced that the Hou e had pas ed tbe licen..,ed for interstate and international commerce, signed by bill (S. 4017) to amend the act of May 29, 1928, pertaining to Lula Smith, .. ecretary, and Lottie Smith, president; to the certain War Department contracts by repealing the expii·ation Committee on Interstate and Foreign Commerce. date of that act, with an amendment, in which it reque ted the 7472. By Mr. GARBER of Oklahoma: Petition of county concurrence of the Senate. clerk, Oklahoma City, Okla., in support of House bill 10366 ; The mes age further announced that the IIouse had pa ed to the Committee on Claims. the following bills, in which it requested the concurrence of the 7473. Also, petition of Carpenters Local No. 763, Enid, Okla., Senate: in support of Sproul bill, H. R. 0323; to the Committee on ll. R. 1420. An act to authorize the Secretary of War to loan Labor. atronautical equipment and material for purpose · of research 7474. Also petition of Division 030, Brotherhood of Locomo­ and experimentation; tive Engineer , Enid, Okla., in support of Couzens resolution ; H. R. 2030. An act to authorize an appropriation for the pur­ to the Committee on Interstate and Foreign Commerce. chase of land adjoining Fort Bli , Tex. ; 7475. Al o, petition of Immigration Study Commi ion, acra­ H. R. 2755. An act to increa e the efficiency of the Veterinary mento, Calif.; to the Committee on Immigration and Nat­ Corps of the Reoooular Army ; uralization. H. R. 6340. An act to authorize an appropriation for construc­ 7476. Also, petition of Edwin Murphy, acting department tion at the Mountain Branch of the National Home for Di - commander, department of Florida, United Spanish War Vet­ abled Volunteer Soldiers, Johnson City, Tenn:; eran , in support of bill establishing branch of National Soldiers' H. R. 6871. An act to amend the acts of March 12, 1926, and Home in Southeastern States; to the Committee on Military March 30, 1928, authorizing the ale of the Jack on Barracks Affairs. Military Reservation, La., and for other purpo es; 7477. Also, petition of Train Dispatchers' As ociation, Okla­ H. R. 749f.). An act authorizing an appropriation for improve-­ homa City, Okla., in support of Couzens resolution, S. J. Res. ment at the Guilford Courthouse National Military Park; 161; to the Committee on Interstate and Foreign Commerce. H. R. 8159. An act to authorize appropriation for con truc­ 7478. Also, petition of Western Regional Association of Sys­ tion at the United States Military Academy, West Point, N. Y.; tem and/or Terminal Boards of Adjustment, Brotherhood of Fort Lewis, Wash.; Fort Benning, Ga. ; and for other purpoQes; Railway and Steamship Clerk , Freight Handlers, Expre s, and H. R.11405. An act to amend an act approved February 25, Station Employee , Denver, Colo., in full upport of Couzens 1929, entitled "An act to authorize appropriations for con­ re olution; to the Committee on Interstate and Foreign Com­ " tructlon at military posts, and for other purpo es" ; and merce. H. R. 12263. An act to authorize the acquisition of 1,000 acres 7479. By Mr. HALL of Mississippi: Telegram of FlOiian of land, more or less, for aerial bombing range pu1·po es at Yo te, president Retail Jewelers' Association, Vicksburg, 1\iiss., Kelly Field, Tex., and in settlement of certain damage claim . urging Rules Committee to secure special ruling on Capper­ Kelly fair trade bill; to the Committee on Interstate and For­ ENROLLED BILLS .AND JOrNT RESOLUTION STG~Jro eign Commerce. The mes age also announced that the Speaker had affixed his 7480. AI o, telegram of A. E. Wallace, president Brother­ sjgnature to the following enrolled bills and joint resolution, hood Railway Clerks, Hattiesburg, 1\Iiss., urging adoption of and they were signed by the Vice President: Couzens joint re olution, uspending consolidation of railroads; S. 1906. An act for the appointment of an additional circuit to the Committee on Interstate and Foreign Commerce. judge for the fifth judicial circuit; 7481. Also, petition of citizens of Lumberton, Miss., not to S. 3493. An act to provide for the appointment of an addi· recommend the calling of an international conference by the tiona! circuit judge for the third judicial circuit; President of the United States or the acceptance by him of an H. R. 851. An act for the relief of Richard Kii·chhoff ; invitation to participate in such a conference for the purpose H. R. 1158. .An act for the relief of Eugene A. Dubrule; of revising the present calendar unless a proviso be attached · H. R. 1160. An act for the relief of Henry P. Biehl ; thereto definitely guaranteeing the preservation of the con­ H. R. 3175. An act to authorize Lieut. Commander James C. tinuity of the weekly cycle without the in ertion of blank days; Monfort, of the United States :Navy, to accept a decoration con­ to the Committee on Foreign Affairs. ferred upon him by the Government of Italy ; 74 2. By Mr. McKEOWN: Petition of the legislative rep1·e· H. R. 3257. An act for the relief of Ellen B. Monahan; sentative of the Brotherhood of Railroad Trainmen, State of H. R. 3610. An act for the relief of William Geravis Hill; 1930 CONGRESSIONAL REOOR.D-SENATE 10155 II. R. 3801. An act wa1vmg the limiting period of two years tory tariff or a competitive tariff. They are now coyly mrting wlth in Executive Oruer No. 4576 to enable the Board of Awards of the llepublic:m principle of protection. This is a far cry from their the Navy Department to eonsider recommendation of the award former position, proving the willingness of that party, if not to recognize of the tlistinguished flying eros to members of the Alaskan a principle, at least to bow to a condition. Aerial Survey Expedition ; Free trade, free silver, anti-imperalism, League of Nations-these are H. n. u213. An act for the relief of Grant R. Kelsey, alias only a few of the positions tnken with great :resolution and much beat­ Vincent J. ::\Ioran ; · ing of tom-toms by our Democratic friends, positions from which they H. R. 5324. An act for the relief ofT. J. Hillman; heroically announced that death alone could dislodge them and position II. R. 10175. An act to amend an act entitled "An act to pro­ which they heatedly declared meant the salvation and perpetuity of the Vil le for the promotion of vocational rehabilitation of persons Union. The next campaign usually fountl them, however, buttressed in di ·a!Jleuntry, with approximately Sev<'nty years ago it elected the Great Emancipator as its first Presi­ equal strength, it would necessarily result tbat there never could be a clent. The platform upon which Abraham Lincoln was elected favored majority for any program. History is replete with instances of the i\ protective tariff. · chaotic and intolerant action of minorities. "A. majority held in con­ It atlvocated the adjustment of impot·t uuties so "as to encourage straint by constitutional check and limitations," Abraham Lincoln de­ the development of the industrial interests of the whole country." clared, "is the only true sovereign of a free people. Whoever rejects it That doctrine has been continuon ·Iy applied by the party; first, to dc.es of necessity fly to anarchy and despotism.'' fo. ter and encourage the development of industry, later to protect A party platform is a covenant with the people. In effect, the plat­ JalJOr in a living sca.le of wages, and always to maintain the domestic ferro is an offer to the people, saying, " These are our principles and market for the products of American forests, fields, factories, and our program. If you elect our candidate, we shall be governed by this mine.·. The party now stand charged with being the " toot of the platform." Having offered a platform and haYing had it accepted by interests," and with responsibility for "robber tariffs." the people, there is no power which can absolve the party from its We answer that the party of Lincoln has been true to the principles promise. The party is botmd, in honor, to the people to carry out the of the platform which bore Linco1n triumphantly to the Presidency. platform with the same fidelity as the individual carries out a personal We answer that the progress of America during those 70 years has contract. been an unparalleled achievement. Sound public policy dictates that the successf11l party in the election In population, we have grown from 26,500.000 to ·120,000,000. Our should have the right and be held to the duty of fulfilling its pledges. railroads have increased their mileage from 18,000 to 249,000. Public In doing so, the President is entitled to the loyal support of all Repub­ highways thread the continent in every direction. Our national licans everywhere. Those who are not Republicans, and those who are wealth has grown from about $10,000,000,000 to about $420,- out of sympathy with the principles of the party should have not only 000,000,000. Our per capita wealth has increased from about $400 the courage to deny it obligations but also the honesty to refuse it~ to about $3,500. Pauperism in proportion to population has decreased advantages. This is not alone a duty which a Republican owes to his 66 per cent; the number of children in schools has increased 35 party but it is as well a duty which a citizen owes to his country. per cent. Not otherwise can we effectuate the will of the majority, which is a We number but 6 per cent of the world's population, yet we use fundamental tenet of our political faith. 78 per cent of the world's automobiles, 60 per cent of its telephones, The men who preserved the American Union and have made American 48 per cent _of its radios. We use 39 per cent of the world's coal, policy for the last 70 years have been men who were willing to take 61 per cent of its petroleum, 35 per cent of its water power, 40 per common counsel and recognize the validity of party obligation. We cent of its electricity, and 43 per cent of its iron and copper. Our must not forget that it was these men, acting through the insti·u­ people consume 15 per cent of all the wheat grown on the earth, mentality of the Republican Party, who, after they had· solved the 23 per cent of the sugar, 51 per cent of ihe coffee, 26 per cent of slavery problem, gave themselves to thi! task of solving the financial ··he cotton, 17 per cent of the wool, 72 per cent of the silk, and and economic problems as these have presented themselves in the march iG per cent of the rubber. of progress. By sound financial policies they sustained the honor, the Considering the fact that we are less than one-sixteenth of the credit and integrity of the Nation. 'l'o them belongs the credit for peoples of the world, all this indicates a very high standard of living. maintaining the American system of pr·otection which has contributed The quality of food is higher. The quality of clothing is better. so largely to the prosperity and happiness of our people. IIomes are more comfortable. The spread of education throughout all It was through party solidarity that the Republican Party was the classes of our people is equalled only by the increase in the able to restore the Union within the Constih1tion, establi h a sound sta ne brought about this happy condition. But I do claim that America has passed beyond the stage of a mere conquest of natural the Republican doctrine of adjusting imports so " as to encourage the resources. Agriculture, mining, and forestry are as fundamental as they dc"\"clopment of the industrial interests of the whole country" has kept ever were, but there is a large section of our national life which knows the channels of prosperity open, through which the industry and the them only as sources of raw materials. They have been outstripped in intelligence and the inventiveness of the American people could be the race by industry. Our national income to-day is derived more than tran lnted, and has been translated, into a high standard of living and 70 per cent from industrial and mercantile operations. a constantly rising tide of well-being. The progress of industry during the last 30 years has been epochal We have not been constrained to change our policies or ou,r principles and has exerted a powerful influence upon our national life. New from one campaign to the next. We have not had the humiliation of industries have risen, notably automobiles, radio, phonographs,. and air­ having the fallacy of a position exposed by the progress of events. In craft. Older industries have been enormously expanded-telephones, this connection it is interesting to note that our adversaries have wan­ telegraph, and electric power. These have in themselves wrought great dered from free trade to tariff for revenue only, thence to a compensa- changes in our economic structure. They have made many displace- 10156 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SEN ATE JUNE 6 ment and have nece sitated many readjustments to new conditions The leaders of Congress were called in. A program of public build­ c1·ea ted by them. ing, river improvement, and highway construction was laid out, has :.\I ore and more it has become necessary that the economic and indus­ been authorized, and is speedily becoming effective. trial forces of the Nation be correlated and coordinated with the moral, For the first time in the history of America the leaders of organized social, and political forces. It is not merely that government shall agriculture were called, and agriculture was recognized as having place restrain industry, to prevent injustice. Nor is it merely that govern­ in the picture. Pledges of cooperation in the general program were ment shall promote industry, to create more opportunity. The need is received. that government and indu try alike shall be coordinated into greater Result: The- unemployment which threatened to freeze the activities service of the common welfare and the greater happine s of the people. of the Nation has proven to be little more than seasonal unemployment. The province of politics is changing. In American dome tic affairs, There was relatively little distre s. New lines of railway are being politics finds its greatest field of usefulness in maintaining an open built, rivers dredged, in a hundred cities public buildings are mounting door of opportunity. This function is interwoven with industry and skyward, the plans for the buildings in Washington are going forward, • profoundly influenced by it. The science of economics has partially $125,000,000 annually is being poured into highway construction. In­ replaced the philosophy of politics. Equal opportunity is no longer a dustry is cooperating, labor is cooperating, cities and States are cooper­ matter of the relationship between individuals because competition is ating. The Nation is back at work without a panic and without a no longer between individuals. Competition is more and more a con­ boom. If there is scant appreciation of the evils which were averted, test between great organized industries. Equal opportunity, therefore, there is at least a realization that fear has relaxed its grip upon the for individuals has become a matter of maintaining equality of oppor­ hearts of labor and panic has released the industries of_ the Nation. tunity as between industries. Thus bas Herbert Hoover proven his theorem that progress consists The problems of government are as much industrial and economic as in the coordination of the great moral, social, and economic forces which they are social and political. At no time in our history have they been are always resident in a great people. more complex and intricate, or of greater import. The unity of our The past 15 months have seen much of constructive importance ac­ national affairs not only makes those problems nation-wide in their complished. A definite policy of farm relief has been worked out. application and effect, but the growing importance of our Nation and Settlement of the French debt has been made. Federal taxes for the the universality of trade and commerce makes them international in past year were cut $160,000,000. Another reduction of $1,000,000,000 cope. was made on the national debt. Law enforcement bas been strengthened. To-day, if ever in our history, America needs a man who understands An enlarged program for the development of our waterways has been and correctly appraises the tangle of moral, social, political, and eco­ initiated, which is of far-reaching economic importance to agriculture nomic forces and interest which struggle for mastery; a man trained as well as to business interests. The Federal Radio Commi ion has in administration ; a man who know sympathetically the needs both been placed upon a permanent ba is. Progres ~ has been made with the of the individual and of the indu try; a man who can correctly evalu­ public-building program. Increased appropriations have been made for ate international needs and relationships; a man who sees through and Federal aid for national roads. Marked improvement in our relations beyond the immediate travail to the ultimate good of thP individual. with Mexico and with the Central and South American States hai been To-day America is fortunate to have the leadership of Herbert Hoover. established, and an epochal step has been taken toward permanent peace He knows the subjects with which he must deal, or be sets about through the proposed limitation of armaments treaty. getting the facts, systematically. If necessary, he does not hesitate to The London conference was a great accomplishment for peace. The appoint a fact-finding commi ion to ferret out and report the facts. proposed treaty between the three great naval powers of the world For this he is criticised. It apparently has never dawned on the critics will end the race for naval supremacy. Under it there is to be a com­ that all seagoing boats cnrry compasses and all competent navigators bined reduction of more· than a million tonnage in battleships, crui ers, frequently consult them. Steering by the North Star is both antiquated destroyers, and submarine . There will be a vast increase in interna­ and inconvenient. In statecraft, where cloudy weather is frequent, it tional good will. There will be a saving of nearly 1,000,000,000 on our is fatal. part as measured against expenditures made necessary to obtain parity He is not afraid of conferences, and is willing to be advi ed. In this, under the Washington conference agreement and under the authorized: he differs from tho e statesmen whose self-sufficiency is plainly evident building program. but ·whose availability for greater responsibilities has never been dis­ ~len rliffer widely as to the wisdom of the eighteenth amendment. cussed outside their own family circle. In it some men see a sumptuary law imbedded in a Con titution, an He is the wisest of leaders. He relies upon the strength and the infl'ingement of their liberties, an incentive to crime. Others see in it righteousness of his own program. He burls no bricks, makes no gas better homes, better schools, and a higher standard of living, the ulti­ attacks. Ile pursues his course with the reasoned determination and mate release of mankind from its greatest cur e, a constantly widening informed persistence which reaches its objective with the directness, if horizon of liberty and opportunity. Upon this, as upon every other not the swiftness, of an arrow. subject which affects our common welfare, citizens have a right to Like a good general be knows his army. He knows the human forces advocate whatever views they hold. with which be must work. He works with those who are willing to There can be no difference of opinion upon this-that honorable men cooperate. He gives the others no chance to shoot him in the back. sworn to support the Constitution and to execute the laws will do so He has vision. Like many an industrialist he reels off figures of up to the uttermost limits of the powers given them. Not until the production and distribution. He knows that 27,000,000 American homes amendment is repealed, or changed, can there be any let-up on that contain 18,000,000 bathrooms, fifteen and three-tenths million electric proposition. irons, six and eight-tenths million vacuum cleaners, 5,000,000 washing There is a widespread misunderstanding of the aims and the program machines, and seven and one-half million electric refrigerators. He of the Federal Farm Board. It stands charged with price fixing. The knows that there are 53,000,000 . bank depo itors and 63,000,000 life­ board has no intention of pegging the price, either of cotton or wheat. insurance policyholders. But he spends no time bowing in awe of the No valorization scheme is intended. No effort will be made to put prices statistics. He sees beyond them to thE human element; to loads lifted upon an unreasonable or arbitrary basis. from weary backs ; to the health of children made more sure ; to se­ In common with all other commoditie , prices of cotton and wheat curity for widows and orphans ; to the opportunity for better and will in the long run be governed by supply and demand. The board is happier citizenship and a higher culture in the future. trying to operate within the limits of this inexorable law. Its powers No greater triumph has ever been scored in peace time than the will be called into play only upon emergencies to prevent panics · and victory which Herbert Hoover has won against panic. It is impossible to gage events which have been averted. Our country will never know speculation from depre sing prices below the point indicated by the L'lw. all of the conditions again t which he battled, nor all of the evils The marketing powers of the Federal Farm Board have been employed which threatened us when the stock market, long overinflated, collapsed; solely in emergencies. when induced thereby, commodity values sagged; when business and A review of the succession of events with which the board bas bad indu try, gripped by fear of panic, threatened retrenchment; when to deal may prove helpful. Between September 3 and October 21, 1929, great financial institutions were precariously balancing themselves upon the index of security prices of the New York Stock Exchange dropped the rim of ruin; and labor, always haunted by the dread of unemploy­ from 381 to 320. Cotton prices dropped 1.66 cents per pound, wheat ment, felt the touch of the grim specter upon its elbow. prices 15 cents per bushel. The sag in securities p1·ices was 15 per cent; Promptly the President set in motion the forces of construction and in cotton, 8lh per cent; in wheat, lOlh per cent. resolutely began to rebuild public confidence. The heads of all the It was evident that the prices of farm products were being depre sed 1·ailroads were called in. From these a pledge to proceed with their by the drop in prices on the stock exchange. The speculation in stocks plans for new construction and new rolling stock was obtained. The had been none of the farmer's doing. The deflation was entirely with­ leaders of industry were called in. From these came assurances that out his fault. The board acted to protect the values of farm products no recessions in activity and no wholesale discharges of men would be and to bold so far as possible cotton and wheat back on the farm. It made. The leaders of labor were called in. From these came pledges offered to lend. on October 21, to cotton cooperatives 16 cents per pound to carry on without wage disputes or strikes. A general coordination on classed cotton, basis %-inch staple. On October 26 it offered to lend committe~ was et up, which has dealt, and is dealing with industrial to wheat cooperatives variou basic amounts per bushel, varying from and economic situations as they arise. $1.15 at Kansas City to $1.25 at Minneapolis. These loan values were 1930 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-_ SENATE ;10157 - well b~low the prices of cotton and wheat on the market, and were regional cooperatives, and by the federating of regional cooperatives considered safe loan bases. into a national commomty organization it is possible for the farmers But the deflation was not over. Between October 22 and November of the whole Nation to survey the mal'ket demand, to pass back to 13 security prices fell 128 points. Carried down in sympathy with regional and local cooperati>es the acreage necessary to fill that demand stocks, cotton prices fell llh cents per pound, wheat prices 15 cents per without a price-breaking surplus, and thus to spread equitably both• bushel. This was a decline of 39 per cent in securities prices, 8 per the limitation and the advantages of the surplus-control program. This cent in cotton, and 12 per cent in wheat. Prices fell below the figmes fundamentally is the program of the Farm Board. which the board had offered to loan. The board later recognized a It is this progre been proud to say that this is the land of equal Before the board announcl'd its loan basis on cotton and wheat, a opportunity. We have said that every man is entitled to a free field drop of 16 per cent in securities caused a decline in cotton of 8¥.1 per and a fair chance in li·fe . Mothers in America have sung to their babes cent, in wheat of 10:1;2 per cent. After the board announced its loan the lullaby of re t and security, dt·eaming meanwhile of the future policy, a decline of 39 per cent in securities caused a drop in cotton of greatness of their sons. "Many a mother of lowly birth and bumble 8 pl'r cent and in wheat of 12 per cent. A decline of 16 per cent in station has lived to see her dreams come true. Men in America have securities carried wheat down 10lh per cent before the board acted, but dared to attempt the loftiest heights of succt'ss, and by intPgrity, indus­ after the board acted a decline of 39 per cent carried wheat only 12 try, and ability have achieved their goal. per cent further down. There is no doubt whatever that the board saved It has been the boast of OUT ciYilization tllat nuder our ystem of the farmers' wlleat and cotton prices from complete demoralization. go>ernment the door of opportunity has been opened, is now open, and More than this, the stabilization of wheat and cotton prices prevented shall be kept open to all Americans of whatsoe-rer class, calling, or ruinous panic from reaching the markets for corn, oats, and many other station. Shall we amt'nd that boast now to include all Americans­ farm products. · except farmers? More than all this. The action of the Farm Board was a powerful There has been outcry recently that the operations of the Federal factor in restoring confidence in the whole economic situation, and sup­ Farm Board bas hurt the business of some of our citizens. plemented the Presfdent's efforts with industry, labor, and the railroads I rt'gret the fact if this is true. I feel, howe.-er, that if adju, tmcnts and agriculture to keep the wheels of industry moving and labor in our economic system necessary to reestablish the economic equality employed. Think of it ! Humble agriculture coming to the rescue of of agriculture be<'ome painful or burdensome to some classes of busi­ proud business, industrial, financial, and labor organizations. Truly, ness, those readjustments are not more painful than are the depressions "the stone which the builders rejected * * became the bead of and the injustices upon which they are based and of which they arc to the corner." some extent the cause. It is a happy and helpful thing that everybody is thinking on farm If the operation of the Federal Farm Board or the agricultural problems. Diver c results are to be expected. Nevertheless, you may agencies which it bas established, or may establi ·h, afford new com­ start your reasoning at any given point on farm questions and your petition to dealers in farm commoditie ~, let us ba-re comfort in the logic will, in the end, ~ring you inevitably at grips with the problem of fact that the commodity is, after all, the property of the farmer, prod­ surplus. By surplus I do not mt'an merely the carry-over. Some carry­ uct of hi" labor, fruit of his lands, bis sweat, and bl.s toil. over is necessary. Nor does surplus ·always mean the margin over the There i outcry, too, that the Farm Board will inevitably lose money. dome tic consumption. Of some products, such as cotton, we shall The Farm Board is stri-ring to organize the industry which feeds always be exporters. The surplus with which farm thinking must busy and clothes America. Its program is the cooperative organization of itself is that part of the crop which the market, domestic or foreign, agriculture by commodity groups. It would set up great lighthouse can not absorb without disastrously breaking the price. institutions for the farmers, farmer-owned, farmer-controlled, ·and There are those who maintain that it is the duty of the farmer to farmer-financed, which shall serve agriculture as the Federal reserve exprpss himself in the largest pos ible production, thnt be who makes system serrt's finance, as Standard Oil serves as pacemaker for the oil two blades of grass grow where one grew before is a public benefactor~ industry, as United States Steel serves for steel. It would, as soon that tlle farmer has not only the right but the duty to produce as much as those institutions are paid for by farmers, turn them over to the of the crops which lie raises as the greatest possible acreage, the most farmer them elve to be as indC'pendent of the. Federal Farm Board or scient1.fic methods, and his own best efforts will permit. of the Go-rernment as any other corporation in the land. If this theory is to prevail, then logically we should encourage a Thus the board expects to gh·e to the farmer some control over his larger acreage per man ; an increasingly scientific mechanized and in­ own products afier they leave his line fences and enter the markets of tensive cultivation; and the most efficient system of marketing. But the world. Thus, we expect to give 1he farmer an organization which before we embark on this program we are bound to recognize that can bring to bear upon his problems the collccti-re thought of his enormous surpluses will be produced which must compete for the markets industry, can survey his probable markets, and on a uation-wide basis of the world. Inexorably they must be sold on the basis of a com­ limit production to the probable demand. Thus, we lwpe to mobillze petitive price. If this is our program, then we must compete with a the economic power of agriculture, and, by bringing production within foreign agriculture, which is also expanded, which has the benefit of the demand, to work in harmony with the inexorable law of supply cheap lands, uses cheap labor, and in incrt'asing degree, modern macbin­ and demand. et·y. Such expansion would mean ever-increasing surplust's from America What the board does will be in aid of this general program. What mel'ting foreign competition in the world market. No debenture, or other the board forbears it will forbear because not in line with this pur­ scheme of subsidy, could equalize such conditions. The American farmer pose. We have made mistakes. We shall make more. We are follow­ can not and ought not be compelled to meet the fierce competition of ing a trail which has nevN· been blazed. We shall guide each succeed­ cheap lands and low standards of living in other countries. ing stl'p by the experience gained by the last one. We shall not hesi­ ntler the circumstances, shall we continue annually to pile up tate to advance for fear of error; nor shall we refuse to retreat for mountains of food and fibers, the very size of which reduces the world fear of criticism. price, breaks the price at home, and leaves us poorer? Shall we per­ The early outcry against the board, coming as it does from sources petually attempt to pile the mountain higher? There Is nothing which can not be successfully impeached for unselfishness, indicates, at economically sound or socially desirable about producing crops to sell least, that, right or wrong, the board is a going concern. As the wind at less than the cost of producing them. pres ure against a moving object increases with the rate of speed, But you say, Shall we abandon scientific ·methods, scrap our machin­ perhaps the board may also, in a rule-of-thumb fashion, be able to peg ery, and ll't our lands lie idle wbUe interest and taxes eat them up? progress by the volume of criticism. Certainly not. Let us not forget that scientific principles and mechan­ Let us not forget this : Industry and commerce in America can meet ical farming sbould apply to the method and cost of production and not domestic competition: any calling or occupation in our e:J..-panding to the ize of the crop. Profit, not surplus products, will determine economic life must at all times be prepared for readjustments; our prosperity. Interest and expense are met out of surplus profit, not out national wealth is great enough to enable us to absorb losses, but the of surplus production. Profit, not quantity of crop, determines the Nation can not afford to tolerate injustice, or to permit inequality to standard of living, and supports civic enterprises. What the Nation become embedded in our economic structure. needs is not more crops or less crops, but prosperous and contented Hurtful and false is the idea that there exists a chasm between the farmers. industrial East and the agricultural West and South. The East has Under th~ se circumstances the planning of production and its limi­ no corner on industry. The West and South are not the exclusive tation to the market demand is necessary. The Farm Board has no possessors of agriculture. power to control; e-ren the Go-rernment is without power to regulate There may be questions and problems of purely sectional nature. production. Nor can the individual farmer, acting alone, control pro­ Agriculture is not one of them. Farmers from California to Florida duction. He can influence only the production of his own farm. AU contribute to the volume of the cottou crop, and thus fix the price for the farmers of any one State can not appreciably control the volume all. Farmers in practically every State in the Union add their of the total production of any commodity. Consequently, to effectively volume to the surplus of wheat, and thus influence the glut, not only control surplus it is necessary that the producers of the commodity be at home, but in the world market. Farmers in Aroostook County, organize(] on a nation-wide basis. By organizing the farmers ot any Me., pit their potato production against the potatoes of Virginia and locality into a local cooperative, by uniting local cooperati-res into the Carolinas ; again t the potatoes of Idnho and Minnesota and Colo- 10158 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE JUNE 6 rado. So interwoven 11re their interests, so inextricably mixed their another chance he would never gamble again, but the cruel judge dis­ problems, that no answer will ever be found for farm problems of one regarded his pleadings and sentenced him to 10 years in a Federal section that is not also an answer to the .Problem as to that com­ penitentiary. What I would like to know is, why are the tears of a modity for all sections. bishop so much more effective before a jury of Methodist preachers Nor is the farm problem local from any angle. If there is distress than the tears of a loving wife before a jury in a court of justice? among the cotton and grain farmers of the black-land area in Texas, Another thing I would like to know is, how can they promote a that fact is speedily reflected in past due notes and unpaid accounts bishop for gambling and send a humble member of his church to jail in the hands of the bankers and merchants of the small towns which for doing the same thing? Joe is as good a Methodist as Bishop serve the area. Promptly the fountains of credit are dried up, the Cannon. It is true, he is not a bishop, but at the time of his trial he means of the merchant to buy more goods is frozen, and the outlet was superintendent of the Sunday school at Cross Roads. What I of the merchant to sell more goods disappears. The salesman from would like to know is, how can it be a crime for a Sunday-school St. Louis reports to the wholesaler that he made no collections of superintendent to gamble with other people's money unless it is also a accounts due and no sales of new goods. The wholesaler must renew crime for a bishop in the church to do the same thing? Another his notes at the bank, and the factories located in Birmingham or thing I would like to know is, how can the United States Senate forgive Detroit or Philadelphia soon find that there is no market demand. Bishop Cannon for gambling and then not do anything to get Joe out The industry in turn niust lay off its men or find a market elsewhere. of jail for gambling on a smaller scale? I have nothing against Bishop Thus the distress in Texas finds its reaction in the counting houses of Cannon. I have no desire to get him into jail. What I want to do is merchants, bankers, and factories everywhere. to get Joe out. If the judge who tried Joe had done the same with Joe No section of the United States lives to itself alone. There is no as the preacher jury did with Bishop Cannon, he would not only have part of our great country that is not interested directly and vitally in forgiven Joe tor gambling with other people's money but he would have every other section. There is no class or occupation in our country organized a new bank and made Joe president of it. which is not dependent for its well-being upon every other class. The The evidence before the lobby committee shows that Mr. Huston, mightiest industrialist may be brought low by the distress of a class chairman of the Republican National Committee, gambled on Wall with which he bas little direct contact. He is a wise industrialist if Street with some one else's money and no attempt has ever been made be recognizes his interdependence, and a foolish manager if he shuts his to send him to jail. What I would like to know is, if Mr. Huston eyes to distress anywhere. can gamble with other people's money on Wall Street, why can not We are interdependent politically. In exactly the same fashion as Joe do the same thing? the nerves of the human body carry the sensation of pain to the brain, Another thing I would like to know is, if you let Mr. Huston go so does distress and injustice register its protest in the legislative scot free, why should not you turn Joe loose? I read the speech of branch of our Government. If you want the National Congress filled Senator RoBINSON of Indiana, in which he made a great defense for with sane, constructive men, you will prevent unjust distress from find­ Mr. Huston. He did not deny that Mr. Huston had been gambling on ing lodgement in any section or class of our country. Wall Street, but he clothed him in a robe of perfect innocence by cov­ We take pride in the fact that the founders of the Republican Party ering Mr. Raskob, the Democratic chairman, . with a coating of thick saw the Nation, and saw it whole. That faith, too, has been ours. mud. The same kind of tactics in behalf of Joe would have cleared We would not, if we could, weaken or destroy one single power reserved him when he was tried in court. I believe it Joe had had Senator by the Constitution to the several States. We, each of us, acknowledge ROBDmitted He also laid before the Senate a telegram in the nature of a a report (No. 864) thereon. petition from the Hungarian Churches and Societies of the 1\Ir. HALE, from the Committee on Naval Affairs, to which city of Bethlehem, Pa., signed by Geza Szilagyi, president, pray­ was refened the bill (H. R. 6186) for the relief of Frank ing for a revision of the treaty of Trianon, which dismembered Storms, reported it without amendment and submitted a report Hungary the 1,000-year-old state of central Europe, which wad (No. 853) thereon. referred to the Committee on Foreign Relations. :Mr. DALE, from the Committee on Commerce, to which were REPORTS OF COMMITTEES referred the following bills, reported them each without amend­ Mr. SMOOT, from the Committee on Public Lands and Sur­ ment and submitted reports thereon : veys, to which were referred the following bills, reported them S. 4453. A bill authorizing the Monongahela Bridge Co. to each mthout amendment and submitted reports thereon : construct, maintain, and operate a bridge across the l\1ononga­ H. R. 3203. An act to authorize the city of Salina and the hela River at or ne-ar the town of Star City, W. Va. (Rept. No. town of Redmond, State of Utah, to secure adequate supplies of 854); and · water for municipal and domestic purposes througli he de­ H. R. 11273. An act to extend the times for commencing and velopment o~ subterranean water on certain public lands within completing the construction of a bridge across the Des Moines said State (Rept. No. 842) ; and River at or near Croton, Iowa (Rept. No. 855) thereon. H. R. 7299. An act for the relief of Hannah Odekirk (Rept. Mr. BINGHAM, from the Committee on Territories and Insu­ No. 843). lar .Affairs, to which was referred the bill (H. R. 11134) to Mr. BRATTON, from the Committee on Public Lands and amend section 91 of the act entitled "An act to provide a gov­ Surveys, to which was 1·eferred the bill (S. 4308) to authorize ernment for the Territory of Hawaii," approved April 30, 1900, the Secretary of the Interior to is ·ue patents for lands held as amended, reported it without amendment and submitted a. under color of title, reported it with amendments and submit­ report (No. 866) thereon. ted a report (No. 844) thereon. E::\""ROLLED BILLS PRESENTED Mr. CUTTING, from the Committee on Public Lands and Sur­ Mr. GREENE, from the Committee on Enrolled Bills: reported veys, to which was referred the bill ( S. 181) for the relief of tbat tP-da.y, June 6, 1930, that committee presented to the P resi­ Jaine H. Roache, reported it without amendment and submitted dE-nt of the United States the following enrolled bills : a report (No. 845) thereon. S. 1906. An act for the appointment of an additional circuit Mr. STEPHENS, from the Committee on the Judiciary, to judge for th • fifth judicial circuit; and which was referred the bill ( S. 2371) to provide for the ap­ S. 3493. An act to provide for the appointment of an addi­ pointment of two additional justices of the Supreme Court of ti0nal circuit judge for the third judicial circuit. the District of Columbia, reported it without amendment and REPORTS OF NOMINATIONS submitted a report (No. 846) thereon. Mr. WATERMAN, from the Committee on the Judiciary, to A in executi\e session, Mr. PHIPPS, from the Committee on Post Offices and Post which was referred the bill (S. 3939) to authorize the appoint­ Road ·, reported sundry po t-office nominations, which were ment of two additional justices of the Cow·t of Appeals of the placed on the Executive Calendar. District of Columbia, reported it without amendment and sub- mitted a report (No. 847) thereon. · l\lr. REED, from the Committee on Military Affairs, re­ Mr. STEIWER, from the Committee on the Judiciary, to ported the nominations of sundry officers in the .Army, which which was referred the bill (S. 3614) to provide for the ap­ were placed on the Executive Calendar. pointment of two additional district judges for the northern BILLS INTRODUCED district of Illinois, reported it without amendment and sub­ Bills were introduced, read the first time, and, by unanimous mitted a report (No. 848) thereon. consent, the second time, and referred as follows: Mr. HOWELL, from the Committee on Claims, to which was By 1\fr. ODDIE : referred the bill (S. 43) for the relief of W. W. Payne, reported A bill ( S. 4647) for the relief of A. S. Phipps; to the Com- it with an amendment and submitted a report (No. 865) thereon. mittee on Claims. · 10160 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE JUNE 6 By Mr. McKELLAR: boards or supervisors, and/or other political subdivisions and A bill (S. 4648) for the relief of Emma Jenkins (with ac­ legal entities, and for other purposes, which was ordered to lie companying papers); to the Committee on Claims. on the table and to be printed. By Mr. ROBINSON of Indiana: A bill (S. 4649) granting an increase of pension to Lizzie IMPROVEMENT OF THE FOREIGN SERVICE Antrim (with accompanying papers); and Mr. MOSES submitted an amendment intended to be pro­ A bill (S. 4650) granting an increase of pension to Matilda E. po ed by him to the bill (H. R. 9110) to amend the act (Public, Barley (with accompanying papers) ; to the Committee on No. 135, 68th Cong.) approved May 24, 1924, entitled "An act Pensions. for the reorganization and improvement of the Foreign Service By Mr. SHEPPARD: of the United States, and for other purposes," which was re­ A bill ( S. 4651) to amend section 108 of the Judicial Code, ferred to the Committee on Foreign Relations and ordered to as amended; and be printed. A bill ( S. 4652) to provide for the appointment of an addi­ OIVIL SERVICE QUOTAS IN EXCESS OF APPORTIONMENT tional district judge for the southern district of Texas ; to the Mr. HEFLIN submitted the following resolution ( S. lles. Committee on the Judiciary. 285), which was ordered to lie on the table : By Mr. COPELAND: Resolved, That the Civil Service Commission be, and it is hereby, A bill ( S. 4653) to authorize the erection of a monument on the battle field of Saratoga; to the Committee on Military directed to furnish to the Senate a list of the names of all employees Affairs. in the classified service from States, Territories, and the District of Columbia, whose quotas are in excess of their apportionment, and who A bill ( S. 4654) granting the consent of Congress to the Niagara ]Tontier Bridge Commission, its successors and assigns, have been appointed since November 11, 1918. to con truct, maintain and operate a toll bridge across the east EXECUTIVE ~SAGES branch of the Niagara River at or near the city of Niagara Falls, Messages in writing were communicated to the Senate from N.Y.; and the President of the United States by Mr. Latta, one of his A IJill (S. 4655) granting the consent of Congress to the secretaries. Niagara Frontier Bridge Commission, its successors and assigns, to construct, maintain, and operate a toll bridge across the east CUSTER NATIONAL FO~T--CONFEBENOE REPORT branch of the Niagara River at or near the city of Tonawanda, Mr. WALSH of Montana submitted the following report: N. Y. ; to the Committee on Commerce. By Mr. WAGNER: The committee of conference on the disagreeing votes of the A bill ( S. 4656) to fix the salaries of certain judges of the two Hou es on the amendment of the Senate to the bill (H. R. United States; to the Committee on the Judiciary. 6130) to exempt the Custer National Forest from the operation By Mr. J\TYE : of the forest homestead law, and for other purposes, having A bill ( S. 4657) to amend sections 17 and 27 of the general met, after full and free conference have agreed to recommend leasing act of February 25, 199....0 ( 41 Stat. 437), as amended; and do recommend to their respective Hou es as follows : to the Committee on Public Lands and Surveys. That the House recede from its disagreement to the amend- By~·. DALE: ment of the Semtte numbered 1, and agree to the same. A bill ( S. 4658) granting an increase of pension to Estelle GERALD P. NYE, Wilson (with accompanying papers); to the Committee on T. J. WALSH, Pen ions. JOHN B. KENDRICK, A bill ( S. 4659) to provide for the retirement of officers and Mana.ge-rs on the part of the Senate. employees of the legislative branch of the Government, and DoN B. CoLTON, for other purpo es ; to the Committee on Civil Service. ADDISON T. SMITH, HOUSE BilLS REFERRED JOHN M. EVANS, The following bills were severally read twice by their title.s M anage1·s em the part of the H ott.se. and referred to the Committee on Military Affairs : H. R.1420. An act to authorize the Secretary of War to loan The report was agreed to. aeronautical equipment and material for purposes of research THEl CITIZENSHIP TEXTBOOK and experimentation ; Mr. LA FOLLETTE. I submit a resolution and a.,k unani- H. R. 2755. An act to increase the efficiency of the Vetelinary mous consent for its immediate consideration. Corps of the Regular Army ; The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The resolution will be read. H. R. 6340. An act to authorize an appropriation for con­ The Chief Clerk reatl the resolution ( S. Res. 286), as follows: struction at the Mountain Branch of the National Home for Disabled Volunteer Soldier , Johnson City, Tenn. ; Resolved, That the Secretary of Labor is hereby requested to furnish H. R. 6871. An act to amend the acts of March 12, 1926, and each Memb r of the Senate with two copies of the Citizenship Textbook, March 30, 1928, autholizing the sale of the Jackson Barracks published and distributed by the Bureau of Naturalization. Military Reservation, La., and for other purposes; The PRESIDENT pro tempore. Is there objection to the H. R. 7496. An act . authorizing an appropriation for im­ immediate consideration of the resolution r provements at the Guilford Courthouse National Military Park: Mr. FESS. Let it go over. H. R. 8159. An act to authorize appropriation for construction The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The resolution will go over. at the United States Military Academy, West Point, N. Y.; Fort Mr. LA FOLLETTE. Who objected, Mr. Pre ident? Lewis, Wash.; Fort Benning, Ga., and for other purposes; The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The objection was made by H. R. 11405. An act to amend an act approved February 25, the Senator from Ohio. 1929, entitled "An act to authorize appropriations for construc­ BUREAU OF NARCOTICS, TREASURY DEPARTMENT tion at military post , and for other purposes "; and II. R. 12263. An act to authorize the acquisition of 1,000 acres Mr. COPELAND. Mr. Pre ident, on yesterday the Senate of land, more or le , for aerial bombing range purposes at passed a \ery important bill, which is known as the antinarcotic Kelly Field, Tex., and in settlement of certain damage claims. bill. Unfortunately in the amendment adopted on page 8, line 9-and I call the attention of the Senator from Utah [Mr. CHANGE OF REFERENCE SMOOT] to my statement~the word "for " appears in the bill as On motion of Mr. REED, the Committee on Military Affairs, it passed when the word "before" should have been u ed. The was discharged from the further consideration of the bill ( S. clause of the bill to which I refer reads as follows : 1569) for the relief of l\Iaj. Benjamin L. Jacob on, Finance And (2) to arrange for the exchange of information concerning the Department, United States Army, and it was referred to the use and abuse of na1·cotic drugs in said States and for cooperation in ~ommittee on Claims. the institution and prosecution of cases in the courts of the United .AMENDMENT TO RIVER AND HARBOR B~UADALUPE RIVER, TEX. States and for the licensing boards and courts of the several States. Mr. SHEPPARD submitted an amendment intended to be The word " for " appears there when the word " before " propo ed by him to House bill 11781, the river and harbor au­ should have been employed. The l\ledical Association called my thorization bill, which was ordered to lie on the table and to be attention to the matter this morning. printed. :Mr. Sl\IOOT. Mr. President, the American Medical Associa- LOANS TO FARMERS tion wrote me a letter relative to this matter, and I instructed Mr. CUTTING submitted an amendment intended to be pro- the clerk of the committee to in ert the amendment in exactly posed by him to the bill ( S. 4123) to provide for the aiding of the wording proposed by the Medical As ociation. I am quite farmers in any State by the making of loans to drainage dis- sure he did so, but, of course, the bill has got to go into confer­ tricts, levee districts, levee and drainage districts, counties, 1 ence unless the House shall agree to the amendments adopted 1930 OONGR.ESSION AL RECORD-SEN ATE 10161 " by the Seuate; and if the House will disagree to the amend­ The VICE PRESIDENT. Does the Senator from New Mex­ ments and the bill shall go to conference, then we can make ico yield to the Senator from Nebraska? the correction suggested by the Senator from New York. M'r. BRATTON. I yield. l\Ir. COPELA..~D. Will that be the best procedure? Mr. NORRIS. 1\Ir. President, I think this bill ought to pass 1\ir. SMOOT. That will be the best and quickest way to make for it is quite important. The only thing it would do, if it the correction, I will say to the Senator from New York. should be enacted, would be to eliminate the possibility of re­ Mr. COPELAND. Let us have it understood that the cor­ sort to technicalities growing out of proceedings before grand r ection shall be made, because the American Medical Association juries, which technicalities ought never to have had any consid­ and all of us who are interested in the bill desire that the word eration anywhere. My own judgment is that while the amend­ "before" should be inserted at the point I have indicated in­ ment of the Senator from New 1\iexico, if adopted, would not de­ stead of the word " for." stroy the usefulness of the bill, it would impair it very greatly. l\Ir. SMOOT. I will say to the Senator that I shall go to 1\ir. :McNARY. It would impair it. the House of Representatives and ask that the House disagree 1\Jr. NORRIS. It would impair it. I would rather have to the Senate amendments, and request a conference. Then the the bill becom~ a law without the amendment; but if I have conferees will take the question up, and have the word " for " to agree to the .amendment in order that the bill may pass, of changed to " before." course, I should 'rather ha\e it pass with the amendment than Mr. COPELAND. I thank the Senator. to have nothing; but the Senator's amendment, I am afraid, PRESENCE OF CLERKS AND STENOGRAPHERS AT GRAND JURY if adopted, would open the way to technical objections in court PROCEEDINGS which might sometimes do great harm. If district attorney should take a stenographer into the 1\Ir. BRATTON. l\fr. President, on the last call of the cal­ a endar I asked unanimous consent that the votes whereby the grand jury room, for instance, who was not a stenographer bill (S. 1916) to amend sect:on 1025 of the Revised Statutes regularly employed on his regular force, it would vitiate the of the United States was read the third time and pas ed be indictment which was returned, if any should be returned, as a result of the testimony that waR taken. Why the district reconsidered and that the bill go over. 1\ly request was attorney should be required to have .a particular stenographer granted. I have since prepared amendment which an meets from his official roll and not be nllowed to take any stenog­ my objection to the bill. I have talked to the Senator from rapher be wants to into the grand jury room, I do not know. Colorado [1\ir. WATERMAN], who reported the bill, and I now It may be that be would be in a position whm-e, on account of ask unanimous consent that the bill may be considered, in sickness or other disability, he would not have anybody in his order that I may offer to it the amendment which I have office who could qualify under this amendment. I hope the prepared. Senator will withdraw his amendment and let the bill go through The VICE PRESIDENT. Is there objection? without it. Mr. McNARY. 1\Ir. Pres:dent, the Senator from New 1\lexico is not asking, is he, for the consideration of the bill and the Mr. BRATTON. The amendment was offered in the interest amendment, but simply desires to offer the amendment? of economy. The Senator knows as well as I do that, unless Mr. BRATTON. I do ask for the immediate cpnsideration some restriction shall be placed upon the authority contained in of the bill, because I have delayed its passage on the last two the bill as reported by the committee, district attorneys all over calls of the calendar by objecting to its consideration. The the country, instead of using stenographers from their own bill bas the approval of the Department of Justice, and the offices, will-employ professional reporters and will pay them at amendment which I intend now to propose meets my objection high · rates, and that the expense to . the Treasury will be to it. If the bill is to become a law before final adjournment, enormous. it should be passed by the Senate now. The object I have in mind is to require district attorneys to use some one on their staffs and on their pay rolls to do the The VICE ~RESIDENT. Is there objection? 1\ir. McNARY. Let the bill be reported, Mr. Pre ident. kjnd of work contemplated, instead of employing professional The VICE PRESIDENT. The bill will be read. reporters and paying them in addition to those who are on their The Chief Clerk read the bill (S. 1916) to amend ection regular pay rolls. 1025 of the Revised Statutes of the United States, as fol- Mr. NORRIS. If the Senator will yield further, I do not understand where be gets the idea that a district attorney will ~~= . always go outside of his office to secure a stenographer. I take Be it enacted, etc., That section 1025 of the Revised Statutes of the it that he never would do such a thing if be had a stenographer United States be, and the same is hereby, amended so as to read as in his office who could do the work. follows: Mr. BRATTON. My impression is just the other way. " SE_C. 1025. No indictment found and presented by a grand jury in Mr. NORRIS. My observation bas been that where district any district or other court of the United States shall be deemed in­ attorneys have a large amount of work they are frequently sufficient, nor shall the trial, judgment, or other proceeding thereon almost required in order to expedite it properly to go outside be affected by reason of any defect or imperfection in rna tter of form of their regular office force. Why should the defendant in a only, which shall not tend to the prejudice of the defendant, or by case be permitted when he comes on trial to make the technical reason of the attendance before the grand jury during the taking of objection that an outsider has been thu employed, that a ste­ testimony of one or more clerks or stenographers employed in a nographer was employed to take testimony before the grand clerical capacity to assist the district attorney or other counsel for jury who was not on the regular roll of the districJ:; attorney's the Government who shall, in that connection, be deemed to be persons office? In other words, the Senator's objection, in my judg­ acting•for and on behalf of the United States in an official capacity ment, will not result in economy; but, assuming that it would, and function." it would enable a defendant on a technicality to have an indict­ The CHIEF CLERK. At the end of the bill the Senator from ment quashed, whereas the real object of the bill is to pre\ent New 1\iexico proposes to insert the following proviso: resort to such technicalities. Pt·ovi,ded, That this act shall not be construed to authorize the 1\'lr. BRATTON. Of course I have no such desire hi mind employment of any additional person not a member of · the regular but, in view of the experience I have had, I think this bill, if clerical and stenographic force employed in the office of the district it shall be passed without some limitation, in practical operation attorney. will work in such a way that district attorneys all over the country will let their regular stenographers do just what they Mr. McNARY. Mr. President, b.as the amendment ju t of­ are doing now and no more, and, in order to comply with the fered by the Senator from New Mexico been referred to the provision of this bill, if passed, will employ professional re­ Department of Justice? porters and have them report the proceedings of grand juries Mr. BRATTON. I talked with representatives of the depart­ and the additional expense to the Government will be tremen: ment this morning. dous. It is that which I seek to guard against. If the result 1\Ir. McNARY. Has the amendment been referred · to the can be accomplished without affording a defendant the technical .Judiciary Committee of the Senate? ad\antage which the Senator has in mind, I shall be glad to do it. 1\l'r. BRATTON. I submitted it to the Senator from Colorado who reported the bill from the committee. He has no objec~ 1\fr. McNARY. 1\.lr. President, may we not have the amend­ tion to it. ment again reported? The bill simply authorizes the presence of a stenographer in The VICE PRESIDENT. The amendment will be stated. the grand jury room. The amendment which I have proposed The CHIEF CLERK. At the end of the bill it is proposed to provides that this proposed act shall not be construed to author­ add the following proviso : ize the employment of outside stenographers and clerks, but Provided~ That this act shall not be construed to authorize the that such employment shall be limited to a stenographer or a employment of any additional person not a member of the regular clerk from the district attorney's office. clerical and stenographic force employed in the office of the district 1\Ir. NORRIS. Mr. President- attorney. ;)0162 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE JUNE 6 ·Mr. WALSH of Montana. Mr. President, I rise to observe not believe the Senator will accomplish any economy by his that, in my opinion, the view expressed by the Senator from amendment. New 1\lexico that this bill will authorize or could be construed The VICE PRESIDENT. Is there objection? to authorize the employment of any outside stenographer is 1\Ir. BRATTON. Mr. President, in deference to the views of without any basis whatever. The district attorney has no the Senator from Nebraska, also those of the Senator from carte blanche to employ whatever stenographer he sees fit. Montana, and without any desire to defeat passage of the bill, Even though this bill provides that an indictment shall not be I ask that it go over for the present, and shall confer with dismissed by reason of the fact that a stenographer was em­ those Senators later in the day. ployed before the grand jury, it gives no color of authority to The VICE PRESIDENT. The bill will be pas ed over. the district attorneys to employ an outside tenographer. His PUBLIC SERVICE COORD~ATED TRANSPORT OF NEWARK, N. J. bills for clerical assistance must be authorized by the Depart­ -1\Ir. PHIPPS. Mr. President_, on the call of the calendar ment of Justice; he can not employ any stenographer except yesterday I ask that Order of Business 755, Senate bill 2035, as he is authorized to do so by the Department of Justice, and be passed over. It is a bill which I think should be enacted his bills must be audited. now. I had offered a light amendment to the bill so that in­ 1\Ir. BRATTON. But unless Congress hall express some stead of maki.J;lg a definite appropriation it would authorize the contrary desire in this proposed legislation, district attorneys. appropriation of the money required to pay a just claim. all over the country will employ outside help. I r.sk that the bill be taken up now for consideration. 1\Ir. WALSH of Montana. But I remark to the Senator that The VICE PRESIDENT. I there objection? they have not any authority now to employ outside stenog­ There being no objection, the Senate resumed the con~idera­ raphers. tion of the bill (S. 2035) for the relief of the Public Service Mr. BRATTON. I seek to express a contrary desire so far Coordinated Transport of Newark, N. J. as reporting grand-jury proceedings is concerned. The VICE PRESIDENT. The amendments of the committee Mr. WALSH of Montana. But the Senator's amendment have been agreed to. The pending amendment is that offered contemplates that, without it, the district attorney would by by the Senator from Colorado, which will be stated. this bill be authorized to employ a stenographer for taking The CHIEF CLERK. On page 2, line 4, after the word " here­ testimony before the grand jury other tlian his general force. by," it is proposed to insert " authorized to be," so that it will l\fr. BRATTON. Perhaps the language does not go as far as read: I desir~ to go. I seek to go the full limit of saying that a district attorney shall not have the authority either under this There is hereby authorized to be appropriated. proposed act or otherwise to employ outsiders at an added The VICE PRESIDENT. The que tion is on agreeing to the expense to the Government. Perhaps the language should go amendment. further. The amendment was agreed to. Mr. WALSH of Montana. The district attorney is authorized The bill was ordered to be engrossed for a third reading, read to draw up indictments, and, obviously, he has to have a the third time, and pas ed, as follows : stenographer or typewriter to aid in drawing up indictments, Be it ctuicted, etc., That the Comptroller General of the United States but we do not find it necessary to provide that the fact that he is hereby authorized and directed to adjust and settle the claim of is authorized to file an indictment gives him authority to the Public Service Coordinated Transport of Newark, N. J., a rising out employ a stenographer to aid in drawing up the indictment. of the removal by the War Department during the late war of certain Mr. BRATTON. Certainly not. Every district attorney in tracks, car bouse, storage track , etc., belonging to said company or its the country is now afforded an adequate staff of stenographers predeces or, from their original locations to new locations, and the WaJ.• and typewriters; but unle s some contrary desire shall be ex­ Department's failure to restore arne to their original location in ac­ pressed in this proposed legislation, he will employ more cordance with an informal arra.ngement respecting the matter, and to stenographers at additional expense. That is the thing I seek allow in full and final ettlement of any and all claims· arising out of to obviate. said transactions an amount not exceeding $122,442.43. There is hereby Perhaps the best course to pursue would be to let the bill and authorized to be appropriated, out of any money in the Treasury not the amendment go over for further consideration. otherwise appropriated, the sum of $122,442.43, or so much thereof as Mr. NORRIS. I hope the Senator will not object to the may be necessary, for the payment of said claim. passage of the bill. It is quite important; it is general in its character ; it applies to all criminal cases in all tlle Federal aRTICLE BY A. A. WHIPPLE ENTITLED " DARKEST AFRICA OF courts ; it removes one opportunity of resorting to technical ECONOMICS" objections; it removes a di advantage under which the prosecu­ Mr. DILL. Mr. President, I ask unanimous consent to have tion labors. It removes a disability under which the prosecu­ printed in the RECORD an article by .A. A. Whipple, of Wenat­ tion labors. It ought to be able to preserve the evidence that is chee, Wash., entitled "Darke t Africa of Economics," a dis­ taken before a grand jury for possible use on the trial. en sion of the effect of the interest rate upon the value of land. The Senator, as a lawyer and a judge, will realize that often There being no objection, the article was ordered to be printed it occurs that if the evidence taken before a grand jury had been in the RECORD, as follow : preserved it would have very materially as isted the prosecution DARKEST AFRICA OF ECONOMICS-THE LOWER THE INTEREST RATE GETS when it came to the real trial of the case, because if it was THE MORE EFFECTIVELY THE SELLU'l'G VALUE OF LAND ACTS AS A BRAKE known by the defen e that the testimony of certain witnes es TO PRE\E~ A FURTHER FALL l!il Tim INTEREST RATE; AND THE MORE who might be friendly to the defense was already taken and in NEJ.RLY LAND IS FULLY IN USE THE MORE POWERFUL IS Tms BRAK· the posse sion of the prosecuting attorney, the Senator can ee lNG EFFECT how that would tend strongly to prevent the witnesses from te tifying differently when it came to the real trial of the case. By A. A. Whipple, 'of Wenatchee, Wash. I therefore hope the Senator will not object. I would rather A JOURNEY INTO Tim rr DABKEST AFll.ICA OF ECONOMICS," OR HOW TilE the bill would go through with the amendment than not go SELLING VALUE OF LAND KEEPS THE INTEREST RATE ABOVE NORMAL through at all. I am afraid, I will say to my friend from New The selling value of land is in inverse ratio to the interest rate. Mexico, that as a matter of economy he will not accomplish Hidden behind this imple sentence lies a whole unexplored conti- what he thinks he will, because if this extra work, which I nent of economics. No satisfactory explanation of business cycles will think is very essential in the proper prosecution of crimes, is be written until the ebb and flow of interest rate and land value are going to bring about the necessity of employing an additional understood, and these, in turn, will not be unde tood until the rela­ stenographer, what will happen will be that in order to avoid tions between the elling value of land and tbe interest rate, and tb any possible technical objection to indictments the prosecuting effects of one upon tbe other, are known. attorneys will call on the .Attorney General for additional ste­ No field of economic research has been more thoroughly neglected nographers on the regular roll, although they n:llght not be neces­ than the relation between the selling value of land and the i.ntere t sary at any time except when the grand jury was in session. rate. Little attention has been paid to the effect on the selling value Let us assume a case where a district attorney bad all the of land of changes in the interest rate; almost no attention bas been belp he needed, and the grand jury was called. If all that help paid to the effect on the interest rate of changes in the selling value was necessary to carry on the business of his office, while the of land. grand jury was in session necessarily he ought to get some Yet the interest rate can not fall without "boosting" the selling additional temporary help. If, in order to make it possible for value of land ; and the selling value of land can not rise, due to thls him to take a stenographer before the grand jury, he had to very fall in the interest rate, without checking the fall in the interest have somebody on the regular roll in every case, he would call rate. The lower the intere t rate gets the more effectively the selling on tbe Attorney General for another stenographer, let us say, value of land acts as a brake to prevent a further fall in the interest who would be hired all the t:i.Iil.e, when the services would be rate ; and the more nearly land is fully in use the more powerful is necessary only while the grand jury were in session. So I do this braking effect. 1930 ·CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 10163

Before going ahead with the proof of the preceding paragraph, let 10 per cent in one year, the same as if he had invested $909.0~ in us consider, as briefly as possible, the current theory of interest. capital (industry). If the interest rate had fallen in one year to 9 As capital (wealth used to produce more wealth) accumulates, in­ per cent, the selling value would have gone up to l ,111.11, an increa. e teret tends to fall to a point where the desire to spend would bal­ of 22.22 per cent, manifestly impossible if returns on land are to equal ance the desire to save; perhaps about 3 per cent per annum. returns on capital, being nearly two and one-half times as much Owing to the law of diminishing returns, which governs all human (0.2222 di>ided by O.O!J equals - ~.4688). Suppose the present rate were effort, the more nearly working capacity is supplied with tools and 5 per cent instead of 11 per cent. Then for returns on vacant land matPrials (as determined by the existing stage of knowledge and in­ (as considered above) to find a balance with return on capital the \'en tion) the less effective :rdditional capital becomes in increasing rate could fall in one year only to 4.77223 per cent and a parcel of productive capacity and the less urgent becomes the neeu for more $100 annual rental >alue would rise in selling value from $2,000 to capital. $2,095.445 (an increase of 4.77225 per cent). If the interest rate in Investment (like water) seeks its own level and the interest rate is our second calculation had fallen to 4 per cent in one year, our parcel determined by the returns on marginal capital. On the other hand of land would have jumped in selling value from $2,00.0 to $2,500, an each drop in the rate of interest expands the field in which capital increase of 25 per cent, or six and one-fow:th times as much as the can be used to advantage so that new capital can be used as ffist as return on an equal in>estmcnt in capital. To fi gUl'e for yourself how it accumulate . Thus the fall in the interest rate is naturally a much the interest rate coulalues, as they were already based on retm·ns on the average equivalent The selling value of land is obtained by deducting the annual tax to returns on capital. The e processes are continuous, so that interest from the annual rental value of the bare ·land (exclusive of improve­ is kept in a " superheated" condition, making business difficult with­ ments on or in it) and then diviided by 0.05 equals new funds and turns them to investment in land (soon changed to $1,000. speculation) or to the encoura~ement of debt either in individual pur­ Where land is freely bought and sold, as it is in the United States, chases on the partial-payment plan or extra>agant expenditures financed returns on investment in land have to balance returns on investments in by public debt ; all three of these programs tend to tie business up in industry in the long run; and they have a tendency to do so year by n hard knot sooner or later. year, for as soon as investml'nt in one gives better returns than ]n the When it is remembereu that land values aggregate well over a other, funds seeking investment (several billion dollars a year in this hundred billion dollars in this country alone, one can get some idea country) go in that direction until the balance is restored. of the gigantic economic forces et in moti\ln by changes in the interest Thus the tendency is for the interest rate to fall only far enough in rate, yet you will look a long time for any adequate iliscu ~sion of these one year for the return on capital in general (allowing for risk, w3ges, matters. of management, etc.) to balance the return on land in general. That NOTE.-All forms of monopoly, such as franchises, patents, copyrights, is, taldng the return on <'apital as the new interest rate the tt:ndencv etc., the further returns from which can be capitalized and sold now ·iS for it to equal the return on land. But what is the return on lan

they are of the very lowe t, the very highest, or some intermediate Sccr~tary shall prescribe, but in no case earlier than 90 days from the grade or degree of excellence. S. 1133 provides for the establishment of date of the promulgation thereof. The testimony and argument at any rea ·onable standards of quality below which cnnued foods shall be hearing under this section shall be stenographically reported and a tran­ labeled to show that they fail to meet such reasonable standard. This script thereof promptly filed jn the department as a public record. provision recoguizes the general trend toward the production of food Modifications of any definition or standard established under this products of higher grade or quality and meets a growing publlc demand section shall likewise be subject to the foregoing procedure. which has been manifested for a number of years for a descriptive form (c) The Secretary of Agriculture is authorized to make such pro­ of labl:'ling which will permit of more intelligent buying. The bill will cedurlll regulations as may be necessary for the purposes of this section. not prevent the sale of good of low quality so long as they are not Amend the title so as to rend: "A bill to provide for the establish­ adulteratl:'d, provided they are labeled to how that they are of low ment of definitions and standards for food." quality. :Mr. COPELAJ\TD. 1\Ir. President, I should like first to state While the principal effect of the bill will be to permit the public to how the measure would differ from the plan propo ed by the exercise more discrimination in its purchases, it will also protect canners Senator from Oregon if this amendment were adopted. putting out high-grade articles from tmfair competition with inferior The bill as pre-·ented would permit the Secretary of Aglicul­ products of low quality whose character is not disclosed on the label. ture to determine and fix a standard, and at any time to alter To enforce the act it wlll be necessary for the department to define or modify that standard. I contend that procedure in camera, rea ~ onable standards of quality for each of the various classes of foods such as that would be, would not be fair to all the persons that are canned and to pre cribe the form of statement that should be interested in the matter of pure footls. used on the labels of canned products which fall below the standard. l\ly amendment covers exactly the principle laid down by the The act will be enforced in the arne manner as are the other provisions Senator from Oregon; it would permit the Department of Agri­ of the food and drugs act. culture to fix a sta.ndard, but instead of doing it overnight to do Sincerely yours, it in the following way. R. W. Du::-. I do not care how it is offered. the publication of any such tentative definition or standard determined l\lr. McNARY. I :uggest to the Senator that he offer it as upon by the standards agency, exceptions thereto may be filed with the a new ~ection. Secretary by any party of record to the proceeding before the standards Mr. COPELAND. Of course, there is a con:tlict. The Sena­ agency with rel'pect to the tentative definition or stundard. The Sec­ tor's bill pro\ides that the Secretary of Agriculture is author­ retary shall, if exception · are so filed, and may upon his own motion ized from time to time to e tablish a standard, and to change within such period, whether or not exceptions are o filed, review such it as he wishe '. That is all there i · to the bill. 1\ly propoSRl tentative definition or standard. If such review i had, the Secretary is exactly the "'arne thing, that he may establi. h from time to may, after reasonable notice to all parties of record to the proceedings time a standard, but before doing so, the interdepartmental before the standards agency with respect to the tentative definition or committee shall first receive the evidence, pass its judgment, standard and after full opportunity to ·an such parties for public hear- and then, if there is a arievance, there may be an appeal to ing before him. determine upon and estabU h a definition and/or the Secreta'I'y, who will hear the evidence. and if he is satisfied, standard for the food. If no such review is had, the Secretary shall he will then promulgate the standard. establish tbe tentative definition and/or standard as the definition Mr. McNARY. Thnt fits witllin the provisions of tile bill. and/or tandaru for the foocl. A d<'finition or tandard established by If the Senator will offer that a a separate section, we can the S<'cretary under this ection shall take E>ffect at such time as the work something out. 10166 CONGR.ESSIONAL R.ECORD-SENATE JUNE 6 Mr. WALSH of :M.nssachusett'3. I suggest that the Senator and he is authorized to alter or modify such form of statement from from New York withdraw his amendment and propose a new time to time as in his judgment may be necessary. In promulgating amendment. In the meantime the Senator from Maryland, who such standards and forms of statements and any alteration or modi­ has an important amendment to offer, can offer it. fication thereof the Secretary of Agriculture shall specify the date or Mr. COPELAND. I will follow that suggestion. dates when such standards shall become effective, or after which such The VICE PRESIDENT. The amendment of the Senator statements shall be u ed, and shall give public notice not Je s than 90 from New York is withdrawn temporarily. days in advance of the date or dates on which such standards shall Mr. COPEL.Al\TD subsequently said: Mr. President, the Sena­ become effective or such statements shall be used. Nothing in this para­ tor from Oregon and I are now in agreement upon the amend­ graph shall be construed to authorize the manufacture, sale, bipment, ment which ha been- under discussion, and I will present it or transportation of adulterated or misbranded foods. now. I mo\e that the bill as presented by him be amended in Mr. TYDINGS. Mr. President, I have an amendment to the the following manner : On page 2, line 1, insert the section bill, which I ask to have read. number (a). On page 2, line 23, following the word "require," The VICE PRESIDENT. The amendment of the Senator insert a new subsection (b), which I send to the desk; and that from New York will be withdrawn for the time being and the the matter beginning in line 23 with the words "The Secre­ amendment offered by the Senator from Maryland will be tary of Agriculture " be numbered subsection (c). I send the read. amendments to the desk. The LmiSLA.TIVE CLERK. The Senator from Maryland offers Mr. McNARY. I am familiar with the amendment and it an amendment to the bill proposed by the Senator from Oregon, will not be necessary to have it read. I am willing to accept on page 3, after line 16, to add a new section to the bill, to be it, so far a I can. known as section 6, to read as follows : The VICE PRESIDENT. Without objection, the amendment is agreed to. SEC. 6. For the purposes of section 1 of the act entitled "An act The bill as amended by the amendment of the Senator from for the withdrawal from bond, tax free, of domestic alcohol when New York would read as follows: rendered unfit for beverage or liquid medicinal uses by mixture \vith suitable denaturing materials," approved June 7, 1906, as amended, Be it enaoted, eto., (a) That section 8 of the act of June 30, 1906, en­ and of sections 10 and 11 of Title III of the national prohibition act titled "An act for preventing the manufacture, sale, or transportation of of October 28, 1919, as amended, the terms " denaturing material " adulterated or misbranded or poisonous or deleterious foods, drugs, and "denaturing materials" as used in such sections in such acts shall medicines, and liquors, and for regulating tra1& therein, and for other not be construed to include any material which will render such purpo e ," as amended, is amended by adding at the end thereof the alcohol destructive to hum¥} life if used as a beverage. following: Fifth. If it be canned food and falls below the standard of quality, Mr. TYDIN"GS. Mr. President, the purpo e of this amend­ condition, and/or fill of container, promulgated by the Secretary of ment is perfectly apparent. It simply provides that when the Agriculture for uch canned food, and its package or label does not Government shall issue regulations governing the manufacture bear a plain and con picuous statement prescribed by the Secretary of of industrial alcohol, it shall not prescribe to be used any in­ Agriculture indicating that such canned food falls below such standard. gredient which is destructive of human life. If the formulas For the purposes of tbi paragraph, the words " canned food " mean now in existence are not de tructive of human life, they can all food which is in hermetically sealed containers and is sterilized by continue to be used by the department in issuing its regulations. beat, except meat and meat food products which are subject to the However, if those formulas be destructive of human life, it is provisions of the meat inspection ·act of March 4, 1907 (34 Stat. 1260), the purpose of this amendment to prohibit their use in the as amended, and except canned milk ; the word " class " means and is future. limited to a generic product for which a standard is to be established Some time ago I offered an amendment dealing particularly und does not mean a grade, variety, or species of a generic product. with methyl alcohol. I offered the amendment to the prohi­ The Secretary of Agriculture is authorized to determine, establish, and bition bill. At that time a controversy arose as to whether or promulgate, from time to time, a reasonable standard of quality, condi­ not methyl alcohol was in fact poisonous and injurious to tion, and/or fill of container for each cla s of canned food as will, in human life. The Senator from Texas maintained on that occa­ his judgment, promote honesty and fair dealing in the interest of the sion that methyl alcohol was not dangerous to human life, or consumer, and he is authorized to alter or modify such standard from destructive of human life. time to time as, in his judgment, honesty and fair dealing in the interest Mr. SHEPPARD. The Senator is mistaken. of the consumer may require. Mr. TYDL~GS. Used in the quantity prescribed in the (b) When it is proposed to change or fix a standard, the Secretary formula. of Agriculture shall direct the food standards committee, or such other Mr. SHEPPARD. Exactly; I said used in the quantity pre­ standards agency as he may establish in the food and drug administra­ scribed in the formula. tion of the department, to determine upon and publish from time to M-r. TYDINGS. I stand corrected. I inadvertently mi - time tentative definitions and standards for food. No such tentative quoted the Senator. definition or standard for any food shall be determined upon or pub­ Mr. McNARY. Mr. Pre ident, will the Senator yield? lished except after reasonable public notice and full opportunity for Mr. TYDINGS. I yield. public hearing of all interested parties upon a proposed tentative defi­ Mr. Mc.NARY. I have not had an opportunity to discover nition or standard for the food, to be announced by the standards the contents of the Senator's amendment. Is it not an amend­ agency as a part of such public notice. Within 30 days after the pub­ ment to the prohibition act? I may adnse the Senator from lication of any such tentative definition or standard determined upon Maryland that this bill I have proposed is an amendment to by the standards agency, exceptions thereto may be filed with the Secre­ the pure food and drugs act. , tary by any party of record to the proceedings before the standards Mr. TYDINGS. And also, reading the title of the Senator's agency with re pect to the tentative definition or standard. The Secre­ own bill, "An act for preventing the manufacture, sale, or tary shall, if exceptions are so filed, and may upon his own motion transportation of adulterated or misbranded or poisonous or within such period, whether or not exceptions are so filed, review such deleterious foods, drugs, medicines, and I:quors." tentative definition or standard. If such review is had, the Secretary This amendment of mine would not prohibit any particular may, after reasonable notice to all parties of record to the proceedings formula, by name, but it provides that no ingredient shall be before the standards agency with respect to the tentative definition or placed in any industrial alcohol which shall render it in­ tandard and after full opportunity to all such parties for public hear· jurious to human life. Does that answer the Senator's ques­ ing before him, determine upon and establish a definition and/or stand­ tion? ard for the food. If no such review is had, the Secretary shall establish Mr. McNARY. Would the administrator of the bill be the the tentative definition and/or standard as the definition and/or tandard Secretary of Agriculture or the Treasury Department? for the food. A definition or standard established by the Secretary Mr. TYDINGS. It does not make any difference who admin­ under this section shall take effect at such time as the Secretary shall isters it. Throughout the whole length and breadth of the prescribe, but in no case earlier than 90 days from the date of the pro­ land, in all departments, whether it be Federal Government, mulgation thereof. The te timony and argument at any hearing under State, or what not, and all civilians, no one shall put out any this section shall be stenographically reported and a transcript thereof liquor containing any ingredient which is injurious to or promptly filed in the department as a public record. Modifications of destructive of human life. any definition or standard established \lnder this section shall likewise Mr. McNARY. Who is to look after the administration of be subject to the foregoing procedure. the proposal in the amendment, the Department of Agriculture (c) 'l'he Secretary of Agriculture is further authorized to prescribe or the Prohibition Bureau? and promulgate from time to time the form of statement which must Mr. TYDINGS. It would be a statute, and it would become appear in a plain and conspicuous manner on each package or label of the duty of the Attorney General to enforce it. Any violator of canned food which falls below the standard promulgated by him, and it would be prosecuted, theoretically, at least, by the Attorney which will indicate that such canned food tans below such standard, General of the United States. The fine is provided for any 1930 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- SENATE _10167 iolations ·of- the act in the present law, and therefore it is 1\Ir. TYDIXGS. I would answer the Senator that it wo.uld unneces ary to reincorporate the penalties in this amendment. not make any difference if it was used to excess ; my philosophy Mr. McNAllY. The . Senator may be plea~ing ~ very go~d is that even then we ought to put nothing into alcohol which is cause but I do not think Ws cause is in keepmg w1th the mam going to take a man's life who uses industrial alcohol to excess. purpd es of the bill which I propo ed. I think every Senator unas and nays. but, on the contrary, render the stuff almo t undrinkable on Mr. TYDINGS. But did the Chair ee a suffici~nt numher account of being rendered so nauseous and o offensive. of . econds to order the yea · and nay ? Mr. COPELAND. Mr. Pre ident-- ~lr. WALSH of :\la ~ sachusetts. I thought the Chair stated lllr. BROUSSARD. Mr. Pr~ident, I hope the Senator from that the demand had been sustained. Texas will yield to the Senator from New York o that he may Mr. BROOKIIART. Mr. Pre ident, I demand the yeas and explain it. nay I'. Mr. HEFLIN. l\lr. President, will the Senator from Texa Mr. W ALSII of 1\:Iassac:husett . Let u have the yen. and yield to me for a moment? nny._ now. 1\Ir. SHEPPARD. I yield. Tl1e PRESIDING OFFICER. A ufficient number have sec· 1\Ir. HEFLIN. It i my under tanding and that of the friends onued the demand for the ~~ ea aml nay ·, and they are ordered. of this formula, which i being u ed here and in other coun­ ~Jr. SHEPPARD. I trust that the amenclment propo ·eel by tries, that it tend to make a .person sick· it nauseate the the Senator from l\laryland [:llr. TYo~os] will be voted down. per ·on who may drink it. It i.- another attack on the administration of the prohibition 1\I.r. SHEPPARD. It nauseate ; it doeR not make him ill kw.s. The Senator made a similar attempt the other clay and nece arily, but nauseates him. It i so naw eous and so odor­ failed, and he ought to fail again to-day. ized that the stuff i made practically une been the result of such use. I believe, however, that it is injurious to human life. I feel Doctor Doran say that there have been numerous ca e where that the Senator will admit that while it may not kill it does IJlindne,_ and death have resulted from the very ingredients nau eate, and a man can not be nauseated without being ..sick­ ·which are a part of the methyl alcohol inserted in the industrial eneu ; and if the ingredient makes a man sick, it certainly is alcohol under the Government formula. injurious to human life. I can imagine th~t if a small amount l\Ir. SIIEPPARD. When used in excess and u eel in no rela­ of it would nauseate one, a large amount of it might be very, tion to and in no connection with the formula or with any op­ very dangerous. I think the Senator him.., elf said that in hi era tion of the Government. remark ~-that it nau~eate one, and, certainly, if it i · nau eous l\Ir. TYDINGS. If they will bring about deatll nnd blind­ it i not conducive to building good health. ness if u eel to exce •, they will certainly bring about ill health Mr. SHEPPARD. I am willing to produce nausea and affect and temporary blindnes or impairment of eyesight if usell to a good health to that insignificant extent in order to protect the milder degree than exce . The logic of that seems to me to be country from the menace of the bootleg trade. ine., capable. Doctor Doran says further : l\lr. SHEPPARD. Not at all, not any more than strychnille Wood alcohol is employed on account of its low boiling point .and in proper quantities, pre cribed and admini ·tered, could be said impracticability of separation from ethyl alcohol bl' fractional distil­ to cause ill health becalll!e when taken in larger quantities it lation. might cau e death or erious illness. Mr. TYDINGS. Mr. President, may I ask the Senator an­ 1\fr. Pre ident, I wish to add one word, perhaps repeating other question? what I have said before. It i very es ential that the propor­ The VICE PRESIDENT. Does the Senator from Texas fur­ tion in \Vhich methanol is placed in indu trial alcohol be kept under rigid and scientific control by the Government. The ther yield to the Senator from Maryland? amendment of the Senator from Maryland would upset that con­ ~Ir. SHEPPARD. I do. ally Mr. TYDINGS. As I understand, there is no contention at all trol and complicate the ituation, perhaps dangerbu.. Jy or fa to number of our people. Certainly it would facilitate the by an~·one that wood alcohol is a afe material -to use in any quantity. I think the medical te timony is overwhelmingly-in illicit liquor trade. I hope that the amendment will be yoted fact, unanimously-behind the thought that wool alcohol pro­ down. duce blindnes ; that it immediately reacts on the eye·; and l\Ir. VANDEr-.."BERG. :.\Ir. Pre ident, may I ask the Senator while a small quantity may not make one blind, a small quan­ from Marylan

10172 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE · JUNE 6 H. n. 9370. An act to protide for the modernization of the Mr. REED. Those Senators who were then sponsoring it and United States Naval Observatory at Washington, D. C., and were then active in its advocacy made that agreement, and it for other purposes ; . · was on the faith of that agreement that those of us who H. n. 9975. An act for the relief of John 0. Warren, alias thought it was a violation of State rights agreed to let it pass. John Ste'"ens; and I am sorry, but I have to object to the request. H. R.10662. An act providing for hospitalization a'nd medi­ The VICE PRESIDENT. Objection is made. cal treatment of transferred members of the Fleet Naval Re­ 1\Ir. JONES. I do not desire to displace the unfinished lm i­ serve and the Fleet Marine Corps Reser\e in Government hos­ ness. If I would move to proceed to the consideration· of this pital without expense to' the reservist. bill and the motion were agreed to, that would be the effect of it. BUREAU OF NABCOTICS, TREASURY DEPABTYENT Under the existing circumstances I do not feel that I ought to The PRESIDING OFFICER (l\lr. HATFIELD in the chair) do that, although I am extremely anxious to have the bill con­ laid before the Senate the action of the House of Representa­ sidered by the Senate. tives agreeing to the amendments of the Senate Nos. 1 and 3 Mr. DILL. 1\Ir. Pre ident-- to the bill (H. R. 11143) to create in the Treasury Department The VICE PRESIDENT. Does the Senator from Washington a bureau of narcotics, and for other purposes, and agreeing yield to his colleague? Mr. JONES. Certainly. to ~enate amendment No. 2 with an amendment, on page 2 in line 10 of the Senate engros ed amendments, to strike out 1\fr. DILL. The Senator does not have any hope of getting "for'' and insert "before." the bill up within the next week or two in any event, does he? l\Ir. COPELAND. Mr. President, this is the matter which It is very evident that the merchant marine measure, which is I brought to the attention of the Senate earlier this morning. now the un.fini hed business, is going to be here for the next I move that the Senate concur in the amendment of the House week or 10 days. to the amendment of the Senate. Mr. JOJ\TEJS. I am afraid I can not do so. I do not know l\Ir. BLEASE. I should like to have action deferred until whether my colleague was here or not when the unfinished busi­ I can read the amendment and see what change is made in ness was temporatily laid aside to-day. That could be called the bill. up at any time. If I should make the motion and it were car­ .l\1r. COPELAND. The amendment of the House to the ried it would di place the unfinished bllsiness, but I do not think amendment of the Senate has merely this effect: In one of there is a disposition to do that. the amendments adopted by the Senate inadvertently the word Mr. 1\lcNARY. l\lr. President, I hope the Senator from "for" was used instead of the word "before," where it refers Washington will not make the motion, because there was an to prosecut:ons before licensing boards and courts of the understanding this morning when we asked that the unfini hed several State . The amendment of the House merely corrects business be temporarily laid aside that it would not be dis- that error. placed. · Mr. BLEASE. If that is all, I have no objection. Mr. JONES. That is my understanding. l\Ir. COPELAND. I renew my motion that the Senate con­ Mr. McNARY. It would be breaking faith with the Senator cur in the amendment of the House to the amendment of the from Louisiana [l\1r. RANSDELL]. Senate. Mr. JONES. Very well. The motion was agreed to. THE CALENDAR PREFERRED HOMESTEAD E.NTRY RIGHTS l\Ir. McNARY. Mr. President, I ask unanimous consent that l\lr. NYE submitted the following report: we proceed to the consideration of the calendar under Rule VIII. " The committee of conference on the disagreeing votes of the The VICE PRESIDENT. Is there objection? The Chair two Houses on the amendments of the Senate to the joint hears none, and the clerk will state the first bill on the calendar. resolution (H. J. Re . 1 1) to amend a joint resolution entitled The CHIEF Cr.E:RK. A bill ( S. 168) providing for the biennial " Joint resolution giving to discharged soldiers, sailors, and appointment of a board of visitors to inspect and report upon marines a preferred right of homestead entry," approved Feb­ the government and conditions in the Philippine Islands. ruary 14, 1920, as amended January 21, 1922, and as extended Mr. HOWEL.L. 1\Ir. President, I ask unanimous consent that December 28, 1922, having met, after full and free conference the Senate proceed to the consideration of Calendar No. 747, a have agreed to recommend and do recommend to their respective bill ( S. 3344) supplementing the national prohibition act for Houses as follows: the District of Columbia. It is a very important mea ure, That the House recede from its disagreement to the amend- and should receive consideration at this time, in my opinion. ments of the Senate numbered 1 and 2, and agree to the same, Mr. TYDINGS. .. Mr. President, I dislike to object to the GERALD P. NYE, request of the Senator from Nebraska, because he and I T. J. wA.LBH, together have attempted to iron out some of our differences JOHN B. KENDRICK, existing in reference' to the bill. Nevertheless I mu t object. Managers on the part of the Senate. Mr. HOWELL. I move that the Senate proceed to the DON B. COLTON, consideration of the bill. ADDISON T. SMITH, 1\Ir. PHIPPS. Mr. President, would not that displace the JOHN M. EVANS, unfinished business? Managers on the pm·t of the House. The VICE PRESIDENT. The pre ent occupant of the Chair believes that under the unanimous-consent agreement the The report was agreed to. motion would not be in order at this time. HEALTH AND WELFARE OF MOTHERS AND INFANTS 1\lr. REED. Mr. President, a parliamentary inquiry. Mr. JONES. l\Ir. President, Calendar No. 368, the bill (S. The VICE PRESIDENT. The Senator from Pennsylvania 255) for the promotion of the health and welfare of mothers will state it. and infants, and for other purposes, is the next bill on the 1\Ir. REED. · Would not the motion be in order when this bill program of the steering committee. I suppose in the situation is reached in its turn upon the calendar? in which we find ourselves I shall have to ask unanimous The VICE PRESIDENT. The motion would be in order then consent to proceed to the consideration of the bill. If that to take it up despite the objection of any Senator. is the case, I make that request. Mr. REED. Very good. It bas not been reached, and the Mr. BROUSSARD. l\lr. President, let the bill be reported. Senator now moves to take it up. If that is done, it will un­ The VICE PRESIDENT. The bill will be read for the infor­ doubtedly, in my judgment, supersede the unfinished busine s. mation of the Senate. Mr. McNARY. Mr. President, I have no doubt about the The legislative clerk read the bill right of the Senator on any day save Monday to move to take The VICE PRESIDENT. Is there objection to the request up his bill, whatever its place may be on the calendar, but I of the Senator from Washington? want to propound a parliamentary inquiry. Is it the opinion Mr. BROUSSARD and Mr. PIDPPS. I object. of the Chair that if the motion is made to take up the bill and Mr. REED. Mr. President, when this matter was before the motion should be agreed to, it would displace the unfini hed the Senate a few years ago we had a definite promis.e from business? the sponsors of the legislation that if it wa.s permitted to be The VICE PRESIDENT. Not on a call of the calendar. If passed then providing for a 2-year extension, it would not again it is taken up on a call of the calendar and the regular order is ba revived. I do not mean, of course, that the Senator from demanded, the unfinished business would again be laid before Washington is violating such a promise. the Senate. · Mr. JONES. I expressly said I would not be a party to any Mr. HOWELL. Am I to understand that my motion to take such agreement. up the bill is out of order at this time? 1930 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 10173 The VICE PRESIDENT. It is. When the bill is reached in officers of the :Marine Corps now in the rank of second lieutenant, who its order on the calendar it will be in order under the unani­ have completed three or more years' servke as such, shall be promoted to mous-consent agreement. The clerk will report the first bill on the rank of first lieutenant, subject to the usual examination, with rank the calendar. and pay from the date of the approval of this act; and that hereafter The bill ( S. 168) providing for the biennial appointment of a all second lieutenants of said corps, upon the completion of three years' board of -visitor'"' to inspect and report upon the go\ernment and commissioned service, shall be promoted to the rank of first lieutenant, conditions in the Philippine I lands was announced as first subject to the usual examination: Provided turther, That any second in order. lieutenant who fails to qualify professionally upon examination for pt·o­ Mr. LA FOLLETTE. Over. motion shall be honorably discharged upon the Marine Corps with one The VICE PRESIDENT. The bill will be passed over. year's pay: Pf'oridea furtlzer, That hereafter all appointments, other The resolution (S. Res. 76) to amend Rule XXXIII of the than of graduates of the Naval Academy, to the rank of second lieu­ Standing Rules of the Senate relating to the privilege of the tenant in the Marine Corps shall be for a probationary period of three :floor was announced as next in order. years and may be revoked at any time during that period by the Secre­ tary of the Navy; and that the provisions of the act of August 29, 1916, Mr. BLEASE. Over. relative to the competitive examination of probationary second lieu­ The VICE PRESIDENT. The resolution will be passed over. tenants at the end of their probationary period, and their rearrangement PROMOTION OF COMMISSIONED OFFICERS OF 'IRE MARINE CORPS in relative rank as a re ult of such examination, are hereby repealed: The bill (S. 551) to regulate the distribution and promotion Pt·ovided furtl!er, That so much of the above-mentioned act, approved of commissioned officers of the Maline Corps, and for other August 29, 1916, as provides that the provisionS of section H93 of the purposes, was considered, ordered to be engro sed for a third Revised Statutes of the United States shall apply to the Marine Corps, reading, read the third time, and passed, as follows : is hereby repealed, and hereafter no officer shall be promoted to a higher grade or rank on the active list of the Marine Corps, except as pro>ided Be it enacted, etc., That existing law providing for the distribution in section 1494 of the Revised Statutes of the United States, until he has of commissioned officers on the active list in the various ranks of the been examined by a marine examining board and pronounced physically Marine Corps, exclusive of commissioned warrant officers, is hereby fit to perform all his duties at sea and in the field : Provided further, amended so that hereafter said distribution shall be in the proportion That any officer who fails to qualify morally upon examination for of 1 per cent in the ranks of general officers of the line, of whom one promotion ·hall be discharged with one year's pay. shall be the major general commandant, one-half shall be brigadier SEC. 3. That a board fQr the preparation of the promotion lists of generals, and the remainder shall be major generals; 4 per cent in the officers, provided for in section 2 of this act, and of the eligible lists rank of colonel, exclusive of officers holding permanent appointment in for the heads of the statr departments, consisting of not less than nine a staff department with the rank of brigadier general ; 8 per cent in general officers on the active list, shall be appointed and convened each the rank of lieutenant colonel ; 15 per cent in the rank of major ; year by the Secretary of the Navy at such time as he may direct: 30 per cent in the rank of captain ; and 42 per cent in the ranks of Pt·ovided, That if in any year the number of officers on any proiDQtion first lieutenant and second lieutenant combined. To determine the libt is insufficient to fiU vacancies, the Secretary of the Navy is author­ authorized number of officers in the variou~ ranks, computations shall ized, in his discretion, to convene an additional board, constituted as be made at least once each year and at such other times as the Secretary herein provided, to prepare additional promotion lists: Provided further, of the Navy may direct, based on the total active commissioned strength That the eligible lists for appointment as heads of staff departments of the Marine Corps, exclusive of commissioned warrant officers, on the shall consist of the heads of said departments appointed for a term of date upon which such computation is made, and the resulting numbers four year . while holding said offices, and of only such other officers, hall be the authorized strength of such various ranks, from the date experienced and well qualified in staff dutie , who e names are placed of approval of such computation by the Secretary of the Navy, and on said lists by the board, shall become effective when approved by shall not be varied between such computations, except that the total the President, and shall remain in effect until the approval of the number of second lieutenants may be increased within the limits of the list prepared by the next succeeding board. total authorized commissioned strength : Provided, That the heads of Each member of said boards shall swear, or affirm, that he will, the staff departments shall be general officers while holding said office, without prejudice or partiality, and having in view the efficiency of one with rank, pay, and allowances of a major general, and two with the M'arine Corps and the special fitness of officers for advancement, the rank, pay, and allowances of a brigadier general, and shall be in perform the duties imposed upon him as herein provided. addition to the number of general officers of the line herein authorized : Each board shall consider in the preparation of promotion lists all Provided fut·ther, That any officer holding a permanent appointment in officers who are included in the first four-sevenths of the authorized a staff department below the rank of brigadier general shall, upon the number of officers in each rank under consideration by said board, and passage of this act, be reappointed in the line of the Marine Corps all other officers in that rank who shall have completed three or more with the same rank, date of commission, and place on the lineal list years of service in that rank on the 30th of June next following the as then held by him, and upon tender to him of said reappointment after meeting of the board : Pnnided, That duty performed by any officer confirmation by the Senate his commission as assistant adjutant and under appointment or detail on administrative staff duty, in aviation inspector, assistant quartermaster, or assistant paymaster shall be or in any technical specialty, shall be given weight by the board, in void : Prot'ided further, That the limitation in section 1 of the act of determining his fitness for promotion, equal to that given to line duty June 10, 1922, relative to counting service for purpose of pay for equally well performed. officers appointed on and after July 1, 1922, shall not apply to officers '.rhe number of officers in each rank whose names shaH be placed on o reappointed: Provided further, That no officer shall be reduced in the promotion list in any year shall be not less tltan one-seventh of rank or pay, or separated from the active list of the Marine Corps, as the authorized number of officers in the next higher rank plus the a result of any computation made to determine tbe authorized number number of vacancies then existing and which may be expected to occur of officers in the various ranks of said corps, except as hereinafter in said higher rank on or before June 30 of said year, and the total provided. number of officers in each rank whose names may be placed on the pro­ SEc. 2. That promotions to fill vacancies on the active list in the rank motion list and eligible lists for appointment as heads of staff depart­ of major general of the line in the Marine Corps shall be made by ment combined shall be not greater than three-sevenths of the author­ seniority from the rank of brigadier general of the line of said corps ; ized strength of the rank under consideration. and that promotions to fill vacancies on the active list in the ranks of SEc. 4. That each year officers in the ranks of colonel, lieutenant brigadier general of the line, colonel, and lieutenant colonel, in the colonel, and major, who have been subject to consideration by two suc­ Marine Corps shall be made, subject to the usual examination, by ces ive boards under tbe provisions of section 3 of this act, and whose seniority from officers in the next lower rank whose names appear on names are not on a current promotion list nor on a current eligible promotion lists, said lists to be prepared by a board of officers, to become list for appointment as head of a staff department, and were not on effective when approved by the President, and to remain in effect until the immediately preceding similar lists, shall, in the order of their the approval of the .lists prepared by the next succeeding board : Pro­ seniority in their respective ranks, be transferred to the retired list to 'Vided, That any officer so promoted to fill a vacancy in the next higher the number of one-seventh of the authorized number of officers in their rank shall be entitled to the rank, pay, and allowances of said higher respective ranks, less the number of vacancies which ha>e occurred rank from the date of the occurrence of said vacancy: Prcrr;ided further, and which will occw· in their respective ranks from causes other than That if any officer on a promotion list fails to qualify professionally the transfer of such officers in the same rank to the retired list during upon examination for promotion he shall be transferred to tbe retired the current fiscal year· : Provided, That all transfers to the retired list list : Provided further, That so much of an act entitled "An act making pursuant to this act shall be made as of June 30 of the current fiscal appropriations for the naval service for the fiscal year ending June year, and the re ulting vacancies shall be regarded a occurring on that 30, 1917, and for other purposes," approved August 29, 1916, as pro­ date: Provid-ed f-urther, That any officer who has lost numbers on the vides loss of numbers for officers of the rank of major and above who linE-al list of his rank pursuant to the sentence of a court-martial and fail professionally upon examination for promotion, and that any such who, having been considered for promotion as provided in section 3, is officers shall be reexamined as soon as may be expedient after the expi­ not borne on a current promotion list nor on a current eligible list for ration of six months, is hereby repealed: Prcn;f.dea further, That all appointment as head of a staff department, shall be considered, for the 10174 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE JUNE 6 purposes of this seetlon only, not to have lost seniority because of such The VICE PRESIDENT. The joint resolution will be passed loss of numbers. over. · SEC. 5. That all officers transferred to the retired list pursuant to The bill (S. 23) to regulate the procurement of motor trans- any section of this act shall receive pay at the rate provided for officers portation in the Army was announced as next in order. of the Marine Corps retired under the provisions of section 7 of an Mr. LA FOLLETTE. Let the bill go over. act entitled "An act providing for sundry matters affecting the naval The VICE PRESIDENT. The bill will be pas ed o\er. service, and for other purposes," approved March 4, 1925. The resolution (S. Res. 245) providing for the appointment of SEc. 6. That in making any computation required or authorized by a committee to iuquire into the failure of the Speaker of the or pursuant to this act, whenever a final fraction of one-half or more Hou ~ e of Repre entative to take some action on Senate Joint occurs the whole number next above shall be regarded as the authorized Resolution 3, relative to the commencement of the terms of number. President, Vice President, and Members of Congre , was an­ SEC. 7. That all of ·section 7 of an act entitled "An act proyiding nounced a next in order. for sundry matters affecting the naval service, and for other pur­ Mr. FESS. Over. poses," approved March 4, 1925, excepting the first paragraph, which provides for the certification by the examining board of the professional The VICE PRESIDENT. The resolution will be pa, ed over. qualifications of the officer under examination, and so much of the The bill (S. 120) to authorize the President to detail engi- neers of the Bureau of Public Roads of the Department of second paragraph as relates to the professional examinations and re­ Agriculture to assist the governments of the Latin American examination of captains and first lieutenants under 45 years of age and republic in highway matters was announced as next in order. with les than 20 years' total service for promotion and their status Mr. PHIPPS. Over. in the event of failure to qualify professionally upon such reexamination, and except so far as the said section now applies to officers heretofore The VICE PRESIDENT. The bill will be passed over. retired under its provisions, is hereby repealed : Pt·ovided, That all The bill (H. R. 7998) to amend subsection (d) of section 11 captains and first lieutenants who are 45 or more years of age or who of the merchant marine act of June 5, 1920, a amended by se~ have completed 20 or more years of service, counting all service for tion 301 of the merchant marine act of 1.\fay 22, 1928, was which they would be entitled to credit for voluntary retirement, and announced as next in order. who undergo the required examination for promotion to the next higher l\Ir. BRATTON. Over. rank and are found not professionally qualified, shall be transferred to The VICE PRESIDENT. The bill will be pas ed over. the retired list of the Marine Corps : Provided further, That hereafter, The bill (S. 4066) to authorize the merger of the Georgetown as vacancies occur, the heads of the staff departments shall be appointed Gas Light Co. with and into the Washington Gas Light Co., and for terms of four years from officers who held permanent appointments for other purpoNes, was announced as next in order. on the date of the passage of this act in the departments in which the Mr. LA FOLLETTE. 0\er. vacancies occur and whose names appear on eligible lists for appoint­ The VICE PRESIDE.i.\TT. The bill will be passed over. ment as heads of staff departments prepared by the board provided for The bill ( S. 3229) to provide for the appointment of an addi­ in section 3 of this act; and that in case the name of no such officer is tional district judge for the southern district of New York was borne on the eligible list for appointment as head of a staff depart­ announced as next in order. ment the appointment as head of said department shall be made from Mr. BRATTON. Mr. President, the senior Senator from New officers of the rank of colonel in the Marine Corps : PrlYiiided f~lrther, York [Mr. CoPELA!W] is necessarily absent, and on his behalf That the appointment of any officer as head of a staff department shall I ask that the bill be passed over. terminate upon the date of his acceptance of a permanent commission The VICE PRESIDENT. The bill will be passed over. as brigadier general of the line. CITIZENSHIP AND NATURALIZATION OF MARRIED WOMEN SEC. 8. That all acts and parts of acts, in so far as they conflict with the provisions of this act, are hereby repealed. The bill (H. R. 10960) to amend the law relative to the citi­ zen hip and naturalization of married women, and for other BILLS AND R.ESOL UTIONS PASSED OVER purposes, was announced as next in order. The resolution (S. Res. 49) authorizing the Committee on Mr. CUTTING. Over. .. Manufactures, or any duly authorized subcommittee thereof, l\Ir. DILL. l\fr. President, that bill has been pending for to inve tigate immediately the working conditions of employees some time. There are a number of important amendments. It in the textile industry of the States of North Carolina, South seems to me it should be taken up and disposed of. Carolina, and Tennessee was announced as next in order. Mr. LA FOLLETTE. Mr. President, I am in sympathy with Mr. PHIPPS. In the ab ence of the Senator from North the purposes of the bill as it pas ed the House of Representa­ Carolina [1\lr. OVERMAN], I ask that the resolution may go over. tives. I think the amendment of the Senator from Washington The VICE PRESIDENT. The resolution will be passed over. is important. But the bill has been loaded down with a great The bill ( S. 153) granting consent to the city and county number of amendments, and it seems to me it has been made of San Francisco to construct, maintain, and operate a bridge the catchall for every amendment to the immigration act that across the Bay of San Francisco from Rincon Hill to a point anyone could desire to have considered at this ses ion of .near the South Mole of San Antonio E tuary, in the county of Congress. I do not believe the bill could properly be considered Alameda, in said State, was announced as next in order. under the 5-minute rule. Mr. JOHNSON. I ask that that go over. Mr. DILL. We are not under the 5-minute rule. The VICE PRESIDENT. The bill will be passed over. 1\Ir. LA FOLLETTE. We are under Rule VIII, and under The resolution (S. Res. 119) authorizing and directing the Rule VIII we are operating under the 5-minute limitation. Committee on Interstate Commerce to investigate the wreck Mr. DILL. If we move to take up the bill, we would not be of the airplane City of San Francisco and certain matters per­ under that limitation. I have one amendment pending. If it taining to interstate air commerce, was announced as next in can not be adopted, all right ; I shall not hold up the bill order. because of that fact; but I think the main bill is important. Mr. FESS. In the absence of the Senator from Connecticut While I do not want to hold up the call of the calendar, yet the [l\lr. BINGHAM] I ask that the resolution may go over. bill bas been put over again and again, and it seems to me we The VICE PRESIDENT. The resolution will be passed over. ought to take it up and dispose of the amendments one way The bill ( S. 255) for the promotion of the health and welfare or the other. of mothers and infants, and for other purposes, was announced Mr. LA FOLLETTE. Has the Senator made any effort with as next in order. members of the committee to get them to agree to eliminate Mr. REED. Over. some of the numerous amendments which have been attached to The VICE PRESIDENT, The bill will be passed over. the bill and which have nothing to do with the purpose of the The bill (H. R. 9592) to amend section 407 of the merchant legislation as it passed the House? marine act, 1928, was announced as next in order. Mr. DILL. I admit I have not, because there are very many The VICE PRESIDENT. That being the unfinished business of them to which I do not seriously object. I stated that I it will be pa sed over. did not think it was wise to put a salary provision in a bill of The bill ( S. 1278) to authorize the issuance of certificates of this kind. On the other hand, it has been indicated to me that admis..-.ion to aliens, and for other purposes, was announced as the salary increase is desirable. next in ,order. Mr. President, I move that the Senate proceed to the con­ lUr. LA FOLLETTE. Let that go over. sideration of the bill (H. R. 10960) to amend the law relative The VICE PRESIDENT. The bill will be passed over. to the citizenship and naturalization of married women, and The joint resolution (S. J. Res. 149) for the relief of unem­ for other purposes. plo:yed persons in the United States was announced as next in Mr. BLEASE. Mr. President, I suggest the ab ence of a order. quorum. Mr. FESS. Let that go over. The VICE PRESIDENT. The clerk will call the roll. 1930 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 10175 The Chief Clerk called the roll, and the following Senators Robinson, Ark. Shortridge Thomas, Okia. Walsh, Mass. Robsion, Ky. Simmons Townsend . Wheeler answered to their names : Schall Smith Vandenberg Barkley Frazier Kendrick Sheppard Shipstead Steck Walcott Bingham George La Follette Smoot Blaine Gillett McCulloch Steiwer So the motion was agreed to ; and the Senate proceeded to Blease Glass McKellar Stephens consirler the bill (H. R. 10960) to amend the law relative to Bratton Glenn McMaster Sullivan the citizenship and naturalization of married women, and for Brock Goff McNary Swanson Brookhart Goldsborough Moses Thomas, Idaho other purposes. Broussard Hale Norbeck Trammell The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The pending amendment will Capper Harris Nye Tydings be Connally Hatfield Oddie Vandenberg stated. Couzens Hayden Overman Wagner The CHIEF CLERK. The pending amendment is that proposed Cutting Hebert Patterson _ Walsh, Mont. by the Senator from Washington [Mr. DILL] on page 12 after Dale Hefiin Phipps Waterman line 13, to insert the following as a new section : ' Deneen Howell Pine Watson Dill Johnson Reed Wheeler SEc. 19. Despite the provisions of subdivision (a) of section 1 of Fess Jones Robinson, Ind. the act entitled "An act making it a felony with penalty for certain Mr. LA FOLLETTE. I wish again to announce the unavoid­ aliens to enter the United States of America under certain conditions able absence of the Senator from Minnesota [Mr. SHIPsTEAD]. in violation of law," approved March 4, 1920, as amended, an alien, I ask that this announcement may stand for the day. if otherwise admissible, shall not be excluded from admission to the The VICE PRESIDENT. Sixty-three Senators having an­ United States under the provisions of such subdivision after the expira­ fnvered to their names, a quorum is present. tion of one year after the date of deportation if, prior to his reembark.a­ Mr. McNARY. I ask unanimous consent that when the Sen­ tion at a place outside of the United States, or his application in ate conclurles its business to-day it adjourn until 12 o'clock foreign contiguous territory for admission io the United States,_ the on Monday next. Secretary of Labor has granted such alien permission to reapply for The VICE PRESIDENT. Is there objection? The Chair admission. hears none, and it is so ordered. The question is on the motion of the Senator from Washington Mr. WALSH of Massachusetts. Mr. President, this bill seems [Mr. Dn.L] that the Senate proceed to the consideration of to be very extensive in its scope. It proposes many amendments House bill 10960. to the laws dealing with naturalization and citizenship. I should Mt·. DILL. I ask for the yeas and nays. like to have an explanation of the various provisions of the The yeas and nays were ordered, and the Chief Clerk pro­ bill. ceeded to call the roll. l\Ir. DILL. . Mr. President, my own amendment is pending, Mr. MOSES (when his name was called). Making the same and I should like to say a word about it. announcement with reference to my pair and its transfer as on Mr. WALSH of Massachusetts. I think some Senator repre­ the previous vote, I vote "nay." senting the committee ought to explain the measure. Many of 1\Ir. REED (when his name was called). I have a pair with us are not members of the committee, and have not had an the Senator from Arkansas [Mr. ROBINSON]. Not knowing opportunity to study its provisions. how he would vote, I withhold my vote. 1\Ir. DILL. The other amendments may come up for discus­ Mr. TYDIXGS (when his name was called). I have a gen­ sion later, but I want to explain my amendment, if I may. eral pair with the senior Senator from Rhode Island [l\Ir. MET­ Mr. WALSH of Massachusetts. Is there any reason for CALF]. I transfer that pair to the senior Senator from Missouri haste? [Mr. HAWES] and vote "yea." . l\Ir. DILL. I have no reason for desiring any particular haste Mr. WATSON (when his name was called). Making the same m the matter. announcement with reference to my pair and its transfer as Mr. WALSH of l\lassachusett . Who is in charge of this previously, I vote "yea." bill? The roll call was concluded. · l\Ir. DILL. I do not know. I moved that the bill be taken Mr. BLEASE. I have a general pair with the Senator from up, because I wanted to get some action on it. Maine [l\Ir. GoULD] and therefore withhold my vote. Mr. WALSH of Massachusetts. Is there any Senator who is Mr. FESS. I desire to announce the following general pairs: going to explain the bill to the Senate? The Senator from Massachusetts [Mr. GILLETT] with the l\Ir. REED. Mr. Pre iclent, will the Senator yield? Senator from North Carolina [l\Ir. SIMMONS] ; Mr. LA FOLLETTE. Mr. President, a parliamentary in­ The Senator from Vermont [Mr. GREENE] with the Senator quiry. from New York [Mr. CoPELAND]; The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The Senator will state it. Mr. LA FOLLETTE. Are not committee amendments first in The Senator from Kansas [Mr. ALLEN] with the Senator from Alabama [Mr. BLACK]; order? The Senator from New Hampshire [Mr. KEYEs] with the Sen­ The PRESIDEJ\"'T pro tempore. According to the record at ator from Arkansas [Mr. CARAWAY]; the desk, the pending amendment is that offered by the Senator The Senator from Rhode Island [Mr. WALCOTT] with the from Washington [Mr. DILL], which has just been read. Senator from Montana [l\lr. WHEELER] ; l\Ir. DILL. l\Ir. President, let me say to the Senate that this The Senator from Illinois [Mr. DENEEN] with the Senator bill came before the Senate some days ago, at which time I from North Carolina [l\Ir. OVERMAN]; and offered the amendment, and then some Senator objected to the consideration of the bill. That is how my amendment happens The Senator from New Jersey [l\Ir. KEAN] with the Senator to be the pending one. from Kentucky [Mr. BARKLEY]. Mr. WALSH of Massachusetts. I do not know anything I am not advised as to how any of those Senators if present about the bill, and I should like to have an explanation of it. would vote on thi question. . ' ' Mr. JOHNSON. There is a report annexed to the bill which The resuJt was announced-yeas 41, nays 9, as follows: has been filed by the chairman of the Immigration Committee, YEAS-41 the Senator n·om Maine [Mr. GoULD]. I think that report gives Bingham Glenn McKellar Sullivan Blaine Goff McMaster Swanson a fair explanation. May I suggest that the amendment of the Bratton Hale Norbeck Thomas, Idaho Senator from Washington be taken up, and during that period Brookhart IIarris Oddie Trammell the Senator from Massachusetts may peruse the report which Capper Hebert Patterson Tydings is before him? ' Connally Hefiin Phipps Wagner Dale II owen . Pine Walsh, Mont. 1\fr. WALSH of Massachusetts. I will be very happy to do so ; Dill Johnson Robinson, Ind. Watson but I had assumed that there are many other Senators who have Fess Kendrick Sheppard Frazier La Follette Steiwer had no opportunity to read the report. I know, however that George McCulloch Stephens any suggested changes in the immigration laws are ipso' facto NAY8-9 taken up regardless of what the terms may be. Brock Cutting Hatfield Smoot Mr. ?ILL. Mr. President, my reason for offering this amend­ Brous ard Glass Moses Waterman ment 1s that under the present law, if any alien is convicted Couzens of a crime and deported, he is forever forbidden reentry into NOT VOTING-46 this country. Within the past three months I have had two Allen Copeland Harrison McNary Ashurst Deneen Hastings Metcalf cases ~n .mY own State-and I think other Senators must have Baird Fletcher Hawes Norris had snnilar cases--one in which a mother of six children, all Barkley Gillett Hayden Nye of them under the age of 18, who was convicted of an offense Black Goldsborough Jones Overman Blease Gould Kean Pittman th~t sent he~· to the penitentiary for a period of a year, will be Borah Greene Keyes Ransdell f01ever forbidden to come back to this country, where her chil­ Caraway Grundy King Reed dren were born and whe~e her husband resides. It seemed to 10176 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE JUNE 6 me that that was nn extremely severe penalty for a crime that should protect and safeguard the civilization of America. I was, to say the least, not serious enough to make her that think it is a very dangerous propo ition, Mr. President, and tmdesirable. that the Senate ought to have time to consider it very carefully A few weeks later I had brought to my attention the case of before we embody in our law such a proposition. a father who was in the penitentiary, I think for about 18 1\:lr. Sll\IMONS. 1\lr. Pre ident, I have not had time to ex­ months, and who bad four children, all of whom were under amine carefully the bill now before the Senate, and I was not the age of 15 years, all of whom were born in this country ; and here when the Senator from Wa bington [~1r. DILL] made his he, too, will be deported, without ever being permitted to return statement. I shall be yery much indebted to him if he will to the United States. state specifically those who would be permitted to come in I took up these casE.>S with the Immigration Bureau; and my under h:s bill who are not now permitted to come into the attention was called to the statute, and I was told that the only United States. pos ·ible way in which this condition could be remedied would 1\Ir. DILL. 1\fr. Presiitll a wife and 'l"'lle PRESIDENT pro tempore. The question is upon agree­ nine children in Europe. If we let them come m·er and join ing to the amendment proposed by the Senator from Wash­ him, and tllere were 10,000 men like that, Senators can see how ington [~1r. DILL]. many thousands anu hundred of thou ands of people we would Mr. WALSH of Ma acllusett . Mr. Pre ~ ident, 1 do not care have coming in here, doing ju t what used to be done under the to "peak upon this amendment, but I would like to make some old law, when a million a year were permitted to come. inquiries about some other features of this bill. I have here a At one time, a I recall, 1,400,000 foreigners came here in letter from the Department of Euucation of the Commonwealth one year. We have been re tricting immigration until now we of Mas achu etts division of immigration and Americanization. have cut down the number to about 150,000, or somewhat less The letter is in part a. follow.~ : than that I believe. If we permit these individual amend­ I have been cnlled upon by the Foreign Language Information Service ments to 'go upon these measures from time to time, we are to lend my aid in preventing the passage of Congre sman CABLE's bill going to have hundreds of thousands coming in here, just as we (II. R. 10960) dealing with certain propo ed changes in the naturaliza- used to have under amenge. in detail the provisions of the bill, but he is not here, and there­ However, recent enactments carrying with them large fees for each step fore 1 ask unanimous consent that the bill go over until he is in the procedure make it almost prohibitive for a great number of per­ present. sons in this section, at least. I trust that legislation on the subject of 1\Ir. DILL. 1\Ir. President, the Senator from New York has naturalization will not reach the point that will cause the alien to relin­ been very anxious to get this bill up, I know, and I know be is quish ali thought of citizenship as something he believes impossible to very anxiou to have it pass. I am sure he would have no attain. objection to the bill being passed while he is absent. On the other hand, I do not want to press the bill for final action, but I would like to inquire if anything is contained in this bill I ha\e discussed my own amendment-it is here-and if I can reducing the naturalization fees of aliens? I had a pathetic get action on that amendment, I think I would not object to the appeal sent to me a few days ago by some women interested in Senator's report. I should like to have my amendment voted on social service work among aliens, and I think the information one way or the other. I have explained it myself. was that it would cost a woman with six children who was very Mr. WALSH of Massachusetts. I will be glad to have the anxious to become a citizen $25 to become naturalized. The Senator's amendment voted on. writer pleaded with me to do something to reduce the naturali­ Mr. DILL. 1 should like to have my amendment voted on, zation fees for women and men who have large families to sup­ and then, as far as I am concerned, I would be willing to lay port and receive meager wages and who really can not afford to the bill aside. pay the e excessive fee . . Mr. LA FOLLETTE. Mr. President, I suggest to the Senator Who is in charge of this bill? Is there anybody here to an­ from Massachusetts that be modify his unanimous-consent re­ wer any questions about its provisions? Who is in charge of quest to provide for a vote on the pending llln;endmen~ of ~e the bill? Senator from Washington, and that then the bill be laid aside Mr. GOULD. Mr. President, I am chairman of the commit­ and returned to the calendar. tee. Mr. TYDINGS and Mr. STEPHENS addressed the Chair. Mr. WALSH of Massachusetts. Did the Senator report the The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The Senator from Massa­ bill to the Senate? chusetts has the floor. Does he yield; and if so, to whom? Mr. GOULD. I did. Mr. WALSH of Mas acbusetts. I yield fu·st to the Senator Mr. WALSH of Massachusetts. Is there any provision in the from Maryland, and then I will yield to the Senator from bill to reduce the naturalization fees? l\fissis ippi. . Mr. GOULD. No; I do not think there is. Mr. TYDINGS. I have a short amendment I would like to Mr. WALSH of Ma achusetts. What are the provisions have included in the qualification ju t suggested b! the. Senator dealing with uniform educational qualifications? from Wi cousin. This provides that where an alien Wife ~ar­ Mr. GOULD. The original bill was designed to let in some ries a minister or any other member of the Con ular o~ Dq~lo­ wives of American citizens. It is a very worthy bill, a great matic Service and resides in the legation or embassy With him, many very influential people are behind it, and are very anxious such residenc~ may count as residence in the United States for that the bill should be passed. the purposes of obtaining citizenship. For example, one of our If there is any criticism of this bill at all, it will be against ministers to Central America has married a German woman. the amendments. The bill itself i something which has passed She is anxious to become an American citizen. Under the pres­ the committee in the House and the House itself, and it was ent law she would have to leave her husband and come to the sent over here in a form in which its proponents are very United States in order to put in the time here to qualify for anxious to have it enacted. citizenship. . Mr. McKELLAR. Mr. President, will the Senator yield? It strikes me as being in line with the law to cons1der the Mr. GOULD. I yield. legation or embassy or consulate as American soil for the pur­ l\1r McKELLAR. Has the committee considered the amend­ pose of giving such a person a right to ob.tai~ United ~~tes ment. offered by the Senator from Washington [Mr. DILL]? citizenship, particularly where the husband IS hrmself a citizen Mr. GOULD. No; it bas not. of the United States. · 1\fr. McKELLAR. That has not been considered by the com­ If the Senator will broaden his request to cover my amend­ mittee? ment I will be very glad not to object to his reque t. Mr. GOULD. It has not. M1:. WALSH of Massachusetts. I should think the Senator Mr. McKELLAR. Is there any reason why that can not be from Maryland and the Senator from Washington h.ad !lo past considered by the committee as a separate bill? experience in this body with amendments to naturalization and Mr. GOULD. This is the first time I have seen it. It does immigration bills. Do they not understand that any amend­ not seem to me that there is anything bad about it at all. ment fayorable to the alien will be rejected? I think that if we Mr. JONES. Mr. President, may I ask the ~enator whether may have discussion of this bill as a whole, and have some ~x­ or not the committee had before it either the Secretary of Labor planation made of it, we might be abl~ to .have some att~ntiOn or the Assistant Secretary of Labor? given to amendments. We are proceedmg rn the dark, Without l\Ir. GOULD. We did; we had before us both the Secretary any explanation of the bill. . . of Labor and the Assistant Secretary, and they approved the bill The Senator from l\Iissis ippi desires to have me yield to him. very heartily. ... Mr. STEPHENS. 1\fr. Pre ident, this bill as it came to the Mr. JONES. That seems rather strange to me, because the Senate from the House was one whlch excited considerable Assistant Secretary of Labor was at the Capitol yesterday, and interest. I do not know when I have bad as many people talk came to me objecting very strenuously. to me about a bill as have spoken to me about this one. Mr. GOULD. To the bill, or to some of the·amendments? The bill a it passed the House and came to the Senate com­ Mr. JO~S. To the amendments; that is what I am refer­ mittee intended to relieve certain native-born women who have ring to. married aliens of some unneces ary naturalization require­ Mr. GOULD. I never consulted with him in regard to the ments growing out of the present law. I think the bill is a amendments at all. The bill as it was originally passed in the meritorious one, its purposes are splendid, and I think it should House, as I said in the first place, is what I have thoroughly pa s. However, in the Committee on Immigration the bill was considered. liberally amended. I was not present when the amendments Mr. JONES. I bad in mind the amendments. The amend­ were first proposed and were printed. I was there the day that ments seem to me to be the main part of the bill. favorable report was given on the measure and the amendments Mr. WALSH of Massachusetts. The amendments offered by adopted by the committee. Owing to the fact that I had to go the Senate committee? to a meeting of the Judiciary Committee, I could not stay Mr. JONES. Yes. There are eight pages of the amendments. throughout the hearing. . Mr. WALSH of Massachusetts. I understand the Senator in I remember distinctly, however, that there were two repre­ charge of the bill is the senior Senator from New York [Mr. sentatives from the Department of Labor present who agree to CoPELAND], who is not in the Chamber at the present time. I these amendments. I remember that Mr. C.ABLE, the author of ask unanimous consent that the bill go over until the Senator the bill in the House, was also present. from New York is present. Mr. WALSH of Massachu etts. Mr. President, may I inter­ The PRESIDENT pro tempore. Is there objection? rupt the Sen a tor? · Mr. DILL. What is the request? Mr. STEPHENS. Certainly. The PRESIDEI\:....r pro tempore. The Senator from Massa­ Mr. WALSH of Massachusetts. I am pressing for an explana­ chusetts will repeat his request. tion by somebody who has made a comprehensive study of this 10178 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE JUNE 6 bill. Here is another letter to which I want to call attention. I took upon my elf ye terday the responsibility of writing a This is from the National Council of Jewi~h Women, New letter to the Secretary of Labor calling his attention to the York: situation and sugge ting that he call together the \arious chiefs Our organization heartily favors the Cable bill as it pa~sed the oi burea~~ who are interested in the bill and let them go over House, but the Senate committee has attached to the bill a series of th~ proVIsiOns together and submit those upon which they could new provi ion , some of which are highly desirable, while other merit umte. I uggested that he let the Senate know about it and trong opposition. The most important provision which our organiza­ that we could probably get the bill through with the provisions tion most heartily oppo es reads as follows : "That no alien shall be upon which they would unite. I do not know whether that is atlmitted to citizenship unle ·s he is able to speak, rend, and write the ~ood procedure or not, but that is wbat occurred to me and that Engli h language understandingly and possess a knowledge of United I~ ~vhat . I did. .Thore are so many apparently important }}ropo- ~t:ttes history equivalent to tltat set forth in the citizenship terlbook 8ttlons m the btll that we ought to have the views of the heacl publh;hed and distributed by the Bureau of Naturalization." of the department anyhow. That i in this measure. Mr. WALSH of ~Iassachusetts. I inquire if a bill of this Mr. BORAH. Where did that come from? ~cope and involving so many amendments and so many change w the pr~sent law should not be intelligently explained, the ~Ir. WALSH of Massachusetts. That is one of the amend­ ment offered to this bill by the Senate Committee on Immi­ reasons given for the amendment , information given as to .... ration. who advocated the amendment ·, and wbat they want to accom­ plish. Why can not we have some explanation? I am asking for an explanation of these amendments, and the Senator from New York, who, I understand, is responsible for l\lr. JONES. I think the suggestion of the Senator is correct. some of the amendments, is not here, so I have asked that the I went over this with Mr. Crist, head of the Naturalization matter go over until somebody is here who can explain the Bu:eau. l\lany of th~ provisions appeared to me to be entirely amendments. I call the attention of the Senator to the fact satisfactory and pOSSibly very desirable, and yet the As istant that there are se\eral letter like this which have come to all Secretary of Labor stated to me that there are several of the Senators, and we desire to know who placed these amendments proyision which are not satisfactory at all and not de irable. in this bill and what i the motive and purpo e behind some of I did not take the time to go over them carefully with him. the ·e amendments. l\lr. WALSH of Massachusetts. In view of the statement of Mr. STEPHENS. This measure would raise the standard of the Senator from Washington, I suggest to the Senator from the pre ent naturalization law, which only requires that an Maine [Mr. GoULD] that he agree that the bill may go over. alien be able to speak the English language and sign his name. He has now for the first time learned of the objections of the Thi measure goes further and requires of applicants for citi­ department to some ·of these amendments. zen hip an ability to read, speak, and write in the English lan­ Mr. GOULD. Mr. President, the bill has been put over so gua "e and to possess a knowledge of American hi tory equiva­ man_y times that I dislike very much, so near the end of the lent to that set forth in the citizenship textbook publi hed by se ~on, to have it go over again. I am going to offer a sug­ the Bureau of Naturalization under the authority of Congress. gestion. I sugge t that we take a vote on the bill itself and Mr. WALSH of :Massachu ·ett ·. Who drafted that book? Was then if we want to vote on the amendments let us vote 'upon it the Bureau of Immigration? them. Mr. STEPHENS. It is a Government publication, prepared The PRESIDING OFFICER. Under the rules that may not under the authority given by act of Congre. s. I presume some be done. one in the department prepared it; I do not know, of com·se. Mr. WALSH of Mas achusetts. In other words, the Senator wants to vote on the House bill and omit the Senate amend­ Mr. LA FOLLETTE. Ha the Senator ever read it? ments? Mr. WALSH of Massachusetts. It has been intimated that it wa · prepared by some people antagoni tic to aliens who de­ Mr. GOULD. Yes. sire to become citizens. If that is so, we ought to know it. 1\Ir. WALSH of Massachusetts. The procedure is usually to Mr. STEPHENS. I do not know who prepared the book. take up amendments offered by the Senate committee· but the It was prepared under the authority of Congress, and by the Senator from Maine wants to reverse the procedure ~nd vote bureau, no doubt. upon the House bill before we take up any Senate amendments. Mr. WALSH of Massachusetts. Has the Senator had an oP­ Of course, that may not be done. portunity to examine the book? Mr. GOULD. I merely threw out the suggestion in nn Mr. STEPHENS. I have not. endeavor to bring about some settlement of the matter. Mr. WALSH of Massachusetts. I a k whether any other Mr. LA FOLLETTE. Mr. President, I think the amendment Senator has read the book, to find out what educational qualifi­ concerning the enlargement of the requirements for citizenship cations are required of immigrants who desire to become should be very carefully studied by the Senate before it is acted citizens. upon. I ha\e in my hand the textbook referred to in the amend­ :Mr. LA FOLLETTE. Probably if we had read it, we might ment. It is obviou no member of the committee has voted not agree with some of the history found in it. to make knowledge equivalent to that contained in the textbook The PRESIDENT pro tempore. There is pending a unani­ a requirement for citizenship. It has 66 lessons and in the ap­ mous-consent request proposed by the Senator from Mas a­ pendix are the Declaration of Independence and the Constitution chu ett. of the United States. I have just thumbed through it, but I ven~ Mr. STEPHENS. Mr. President, I am going to object for ture to say there is not a Senator here who could qualify without the present. I think perhaps we may be able to work this mat­ having spent several week studying the book before taking"'an ter out ju t a little if the debate can continue for a few examination. It eems to me before any such amendment is minute . . adopted Senators at least ought to have an opportunity to obtain Mr. WALSH of Massachusetts. Perhaps we may get some a copy of the textbook and to study the 66 lessons, in order that light. they may see what standards they are being asked to set up and Mr. JONES. 1\Ir. President, I just want to state this, that how high they are ele\ating tho e standards fo1• aliens who I have not given this bill a great deal of study, but I was de:ire to become citizens. spoken to a day or two ago by one of the officials of the de­ I desire to give notice that if we can not ha\e some under­ partment, who explained the different provisions of the bill. standing about the bill going over before it is dispo ed of, I It occurred to me, in going over them in a cur ·ory sort of way, shall feel constrained hortly to call for the regular order. that mo t of them were probably all right. I suppo ·ed this Mr. DILL. Mr. President, the regular order is to vote.upon bill, with these amendment._, had been considered by the com­ the amendment that is pending. That is the regular order. mittee with the heads of the department, or !::Orne of those at The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The parliamentary situation the head of the department. with reference to the bill is somewhat anomalous. The bill On yesterday one of the Assistant Secretaries came to see me came up originally upon the call of tbe calendar. The Senator with reference to the bill. Apparently there is "'reat opposition from Washington secured unanimous consent to offer an amend­ to 80me of the provisions contained in the proposed amendments ment, which became the pending que tion, prior to the consid­ to the bill, that opposition being voiced by the head men of eration of the amendment reported by the committee, wholly the department. Chiefs of the bureaus want certain things. an anomalou ituation. Neverthele · · that is what i now be­ Their superiors are not in favor of some of the things which fore the Senate. The Senate having voted upon the motion to apparently tbey want. It seems to me under those circum­ proceed to the consideration of the bill and the Vice President stances the head of the department ought to be called before ha\ing held that since the Senate is actirig under a unanimous­ the committee· and his views obtained with reference to . val'ious consent agreement it did not nece ·sadly displace the unfinished provisions in the bill. I do not -refer to the original measure. business, the only question now before the Senate is the dispo­ I refer to the seven or eight pages of a~ndments covering a sition of the unanimous-con ent request submitted by the Sena­ great many different propositions. tor from Mass9chusetts, which will tah-e precedence, and the

I , 1930 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SEN ATE 10179 .

regular question will be the disposition of the· amendment pro­ _The PRESIDENT pro tempore. Without objection, it is so posed by the Senator from Washington. ordered. Mr. LA FOLLETTE. Mr. President, a parliamentary inquiry. The matter referred to is as follows: The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The Senator from Wisconsin MOTOR I:NDUSTRY REGISTERS EMPHATIC TARIFF PROTEST-D!SASTROGS TO will state it. EXPORT TRADE, SAY HEADS OF BIG COMPANIES-CITE REPRISALS BY Mr. LA FOLLETTE. In view of the fact that the unfinished LEADING COUNTRIES-STUTZ CO. TO LAY OFF 40 PER CENT OF MEN business was temporarily laid aside by unanimous consent and DAY IT Is SIGNED--REPLIES SENT DmECT To EVE~ING WoRLD the Chair so held at the time it was done, I submit that follow­ ing a vote upon the amendment of the Senator from Washing­ The automobile industry, employing directly 3,963,000 men and indi­ ton a demand for the regular order would bring the unfinished rectly 737,000 men, is protesting· to Congress against the pending tariff business back before the Senate. bill, which it· believes will imperil its export trade, which in 1929 The PRESIDENT pro tempore. Any time the Senator wishes amounted to $631,634,731, including value of cars, parts, and acces­ to demand the laying down of the unfinished business, it will sories. have to be done. The Senator fi·om Massachusetts retains the The export trade alone, according to President Macauley, of the Pack­ floor. ard Co., represents two months' production of the various plants. Mr. wALSH of Massachusetts. Mr. President, I must state The total automobile production of the country amounts to $5,142,- 315,542. that whlle I have been in the Senate several years I never wit­ nessed such procedure as this with reference to a bill. It is President Gorrell, of the Stutz Motor Car Co. of America, announces proposed to vote upon an amendment offered from the floor be­ to the Evening World that the day the tariff bill is signed Ii.is company fore any di cussion or explanation of the bill itself is had and wi11 lay off 40 per cent of its employees. before the Senate committee amendments are presented. The Evening World sent telegrams to the heads of the automobile The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The Chair has just stated manufacturing companies of the country, requesting a brief statement that the parliamentary situation is anomalous. of their reasons for opposing the proposed tariff schedules. Following are some of the replies received : Mr. WALSH of Massachusetts. Mr. President, I ask for the regular order. STUTZ WILL LAY OFF 40 PER CENT OF MEN The PRESIDEI\ur pro tempore. The regular order is de­ INDIANAPOLIS, Jutl.e f• manded, and the Chair lays before the Senate the unfinished To the EDITOR OF THE EVENING WORLD : business. Consider pending tariff bill will ruin American industry ; throw· many Mr. LA FOLLETTE. Mr. President, I suggest the absence of men out of jobs. a quorum. The day the tariff bill is signed this company will lay off 40 per cent The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The clerk will call the roll of its employees. The legislative clerk called the roll, and the following "Senators We ship regularly to approximately 60 overseas countries. Already an wered to their name : approximately 30 countries have instituted reprisals. Remaining coun- Bingham Glass Keyes Simmons tries are now preparing to do likewise. · Blaine Goff La Follette Steiwer Bratton Goldsborough McKellar Stephens Our export volume will be reduced by at least two-thirds, due to Brookhart Gould McMaster Sullivan pending tariff bill if it passes. Consider this bill drafted in ignorance Capper Hale McNary Swanson of fact that America is no longer minor country commercially, but needs Connally Harris Moses Trammell international business in order to retain prosperity within this Nation. Copelaml llatfielu Norbeck Tydin.gs Couzens Hayden Oddie Vandenberg E. S. GORRELL, Cutting Hebert Phipps Wagner President Stutz Motor Oar Co. of America {lno.). Dale Heflin Ransdell Walsh, Mass. Dill Howell Reed Walsh, Mont. Fess Johnson Robsion, Ky. Watson WILLYS OVERLAND CITES REPRISALS Frazi~r Jones Sheppard Wheeler George Kendrick Shortridge TOLEDO, June .J. Mr. FRAZIER. I wish to announce that my colleague the To the EDITOR OF THE EVENING WORLD: senior Senator from North Dakota [1\Ir. NYE] is absent on offi­ Most of our executives favor the principle of protective tariff, but so cial busine s of the Senate. designed as to create friendships and good will between our country and Tbe PRESIDENT pro tempore. Fifty-five Senators having other countries, because large American industiies require export busi­ answered to their names, a quorum is present. ness in order to be successful. The automobile industry needs no protection. - REVISION OF THE TABIFF--coNFERENCE REPORT Any tariff bill that invites reprisals or creates ill feeling on the part Mr. SMOOT. Mr. President, at the request of a ntimber of of other countries is a great mistake. Our country should by tariff Senators on both sides of the Chamber, I now ask the following and other legislation take an unselfish attitude and thereby encourage unanimous-consent agreement: those countries that have not been as fortunate as we. ·...rrhat the second report on the tariff bill now lying on the L. A. MILLER, table be referred back to the conferees, so that the conferees President W ilZys-OverZand. can report to the Senate on both of the reports at once and a vote be taken upon both of them at the time a vote is taken. HARMON SEES END OF EXPORT TRADE The PRESIDENT pro tempore. Is there objection? INDIANAPOLIS, June 4. Mr. SIMMONS. Mr. President, reserving the right to object, To the EDITOR OF THE EVENING WORLD: I understand the proposition of the Senator from Utah is that Cheapness of foreign labor is beside the point as an argument for a both reports are to be before the conference committee? higher protective tariff. American production methods, including labor­ Mr. SMOOT. Yes. saving machinery and a higher utilization of man power, have more ' Mr. SIMl\!ONS. And there is to be one report fi·om the con- than demonstrated their efficiency in competing with foreign products. ference committee? · Our efficiency has enabled us to create a surplus of products which has Mr. SMOOT. Yes. found a ready and profitable market in foreign countries in direct com· Mr. SIMMONS. And that we are to vote upon both of these petition even after customs duties with local products. propositions at one time? Increase of duties of foreign countries retaliating against upward Mr. SMOOT. That is right. revisions of the American tariff will n')t only remove at one stroke the Mr. SI.Ml\IONS. Tbe Senator is asking unanimous consent major portion of our present export trade but also will result in a for that? much increased importation of American production managers and Mr. SMOOT. Yes. American production methods to foreign countries. In other words, Mr. SIMMONS. I haye no objection to that, Mr. President. American methods will be used to manufacture the products no longer T)le PRESIDENT pro tempore. Without objection, the unani- available from American manufacturers, thus shutting forever the door~t D).((us-consent request proposed by the Senator fi·om Utah is to our export markets. vfntered into, and there is referred to the conferees the second G. w. WILLIAMS, report on the tariff bill, with the understanding that both President Marmon Motor Car Oo. reports are to be made simultaneously, but that one vote will be taken upon the adoption of the conference reports. (For econd report, see Senate proceedings, Thm·sday, May DURANT CO. JOINS IN TARIFF PROTEST 29, CoNGRESSIONAL RECORD, pp. 9783-9788.) DETROIT, June 4. Mr. HARRISON. Mr. President; I ask unanimous consent to To tbe EDITOR OF THE EVENING WORLD: have inserted in the RECORD some statements made by auto­ Any action taken by any government, whereby they endeavor to mobile manufacturers in this country protesting against the profit at the expense or discomfort of some other nation, is unfair passage of the tarifi bill. These statements appeared in the and unjust. The United States, as regards its industries, is not now ~~ew York Evening World of Wednesday, June 4, 1930. sufficient unto itself. We must have fair and just opportunity to com- 10180 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE JUNE 6. pete in the markets of the world. Any tariff action which tends to sense predicated upon sound business policfes, and, after aU, govern­ destroy that opportunity should never be enacted. ment is nothing more than the bigge t business of all. We feel that the proposed tariff bill does that identical thing. ALFRED P. SLOA , Jr., F. J. HAYNES, President General Motors Corporation. Durant Motors (lno.) MOO~ MOTOR BACKS CHAMBER PROTEST AMERICAN AUSTIN SEES LOSING TRADE ST. Lours, J une ,f. DETROIT, June q. To the EDITOR OF THJI EVE~I~G WORLD: To the EDITOR OF THE EVENIXG WORLD : This company is solidly behind all actions of our association, the Na­ Our position on the Hawley-Smoot tariff is similar to that of other tional Automobile Chamber of Commerce, and thoroughly agrees with motor-car manu::'acturers, who feel that the motor-car business has policies adopted by the chamber. This include tariff question, along passed the infant industry stage of development, and Congress has been .with others, taken before Congre s by the National Automobile Chamber informed of that fact. Our company does not fear reprisals as much of Commerce. a.s the probability that decreased imports will so affect the balance of J. E. ROBERTS, trade that the foreign market will rapidly fall below its present and Vice PresideJJt and General Manager Moon Mot o1· Oar Co. growing importance in holding production up to a point where prices can be maintained at their present level under competition. PACKARD OBJECTS TO TARIFF WALL If we raise our prices to a level with foreign builders we shall lose DETROIT, J une 4, the most pot,ent factor in our export busine.. s-namely, lower price for To the EDITOR OF THE EVE~IXG WORLD: a given quality. The pending tariff bill seems to us to presage just The United States must have world trade if the country is to be that situation. prosperous. We must not have a tari..ff wall that will cause other coun­ A. J. BRANDT, tries to bar us from their markets. We can not sell if we do not buy . .A.tnerioon .A.ustin Car Oo. We can not produce if we do not sell. We can not buy in as large measure of our own products if we do not AUBUBN Rl\IPHATIC IN ITS OPPOSITION have the added buying power that comes from world exchange. No AUBURN, IND., June 4. protection policy can longer be adequate which fails to protect Ameri­ To the EDITOR OF TH.Il EVENING WORLD : can trade abroad as well as at home. There is no doubt in our mind but that the discussion of the tari..ff In the motor-vehicle industry alone last year export business provided going on this session of Congress has already done the automobile in­ two months' employment to all the men in the United States producing du try irreparable harm, and that passage of the tariff bill as outlined automobiles, trucks, and busses. In addition, earnings of hundreds of will place a hardship on our industry that it will take us years to thousands of others making commodities for the industry were directly overcome. enhanced. We emphatically go on record as being against the passage of this ALVAH MACAULEY, bill. President Packard Motor Car Co. R. H. FAULKNER, Vice President .A.ubtwn .A.utomolri~e Oo. HUPP H.EA.D FORECASTS WORSE SLUMP IN TRA.DI~ DJ:TBOIT, MICH., Jt4n6 4. GE!\TJ:RAL MOTORS DECRIES HIGH WALL To the EDITOR OF THE EVE~ING WORLD: NEW YORK, June 4. The proposed tari.Jf is a great menace to our foreign trade, but that To the EDITOR OF THE EVENING WORLD : is only· half of the story, and perhaps the least harmful half. The There can be no disagreement on the fundamental fact that the eco­ slowing down of foreign trade means the inevitable slowing down of nomic position of the United States bas completely changed during the production. Decreased production means increa ·ed overhead, smaller past two decades. This makes it essential that we should modify our profits or greater losses, more unemployment, more industrial unrest, fiscal policies in harmony with the altered set of circumstances that and a general deepening of the depression out of which this country has now exist. This is particularly true of our tariff policy. only started to emerge. The commercial relationships of the various countries of the world In my opinion, such a tariff, with all of its direct and indirect results, are extremely complicated and involved. While an obligation incurred · would prove to be for the United States a setback as great as any that through an individual transaction is discharged in gold or its equiva­ bas been encountered in the last year. lent we must not lose sight of· the fact that collectively, over a period, DUBOIS YOUNG, exports can only be paid for in imports or, in other words, merchandise Prerident Hupp Motor OUtr Corporation. or services rendered of one kind or another. We can not sell unless we buy. HUDSO~ ECHOES CHAMBER PROTEST We have, during the past 20 years,. become a creditor nation. As DETROIT, June .f. a creditor nation relatively large amounts are due us yearly from over­ To the EDITOR OF THE EVENING WORLD: seas countries on account of interest charges and return on investments. Views of our company on the tariff subject have been presented and These obligations likewise must be discharged through purchase, di­ kept continuously before Congress by the National Automobile Chamber rectly or indirectly, of goods or services, all of which tends to increase of 'Commerce. Think statement by that organization would represent the necessity of overseas trade. the industry's opinion. W. J. McA.NEENY, The productivity of our industrial organizations due to labor-saving President Hudson. Motor Oar Co. machinery and increa e of facilities has been greatly expanded in recent years. Higher efficiency in production per man-hour and the so-called ECONOMIC ISOLA1'ION HELD FATAL TO UNITED STATES technological unemployment factor adds its influence to the general PONTIAC, MICH., Jttne .f. picture. All these circumstances and others, which I have not mentioned, ·To the EDITOR OF THE EVENI~G WORLD: should make us realize that additional restrictions in the way of raising In his recent expressed opposition to the Smoot-Hawley tariff bill, I jr., bas the height of the tariff wall in principle, introducing barriers in the believe that Alfred J. Sloan, president of General Motors, voiced currents of our world trade, are bound to have an adverse influence on opinions shared by hundreds of leaders in all branches of American our domestic prosperity through reducing our ability to produce, hence industry. The dangers that would attend passage of this legislation already have become apparent through adverse development resulting adding to unemployment. I feel that the failure of the proposed tari..ff bill would have a helpful from its prolonged discu sion at Washington. American business bas influence. It would serve notice to the world at large that the United become apprehensive and foreign business bas manifested a growing States recognizes the important principle that it must buy if it is to resentment which in some cases already has taken the form of tariff sell. The long discussion incident to the development of the proposed reprisals. tariff measure has been unfortunate. It has had an injruious reaction The day has long passed when tqe United States can live in economic on our commercial relationships with other countries ; it has started up isolation. Without a free and active flow of international trade we can many retaliatory movements, some of wbicb have already come into not hope to prosper. If we uo not buy abroad we can not sell abroad. What this Nation needs is not the cholting and stultifying restraint of effect and others are bound to follow. We must remember that we are dependent upon t.he good will of over­ high tariff barriers, but bigger, broader, and smoother highways of seas countries for our export trade. They are essentially our customers world trade. and are becoming increasingly important customers. I am confident that failure of the proposed tariff act to become law Therefore, looking at the question from the standpoint of the pros­ would exercise a definitely favorable effect upon the prosperity of perity of the United States as a whole without regard to any particular America. section or any particular industry, I come to the eonclusion that the A. R. GLANCE, proposed revi ion upward is in the wrong direction ; that it is in no Presiden-t Oakland Motor Oar Oo. 1930 CONGR,ESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 10181 Mr. HARRISON. l\Ir. President, I also desire to have in­ have which can compensate for other rates which wi11 bring down the serted in the RECORJ)--1 would have it read if the senior Senator curse of business depression. from Pennsylvania [Mr. REED] were present, but he is tem­ We merely ask you to act like a statesman, and not stand idly by porarily out of the Chamber-an open letter to Senator DAVID A. while your State and Nation are sold a gold brick. REED that appears in the Pittsburgh Press, asking him to vote THE EDITOR. against this conference report. LONDON NAVAL TREATY The PRESIDENT pro tempore. Without objection, it is so ::Mr. McKELLAR. Mr. President, I ask to have inserted in ordered. the RECORD as a part of my remarks an editorial appearing in The rna tter referred to is as follows : the Washington Herald of last Wednesday on the London naval [From the Pittsburgh Press of Thursday, June 5, 1!:130] ~~~ . There being no obj~tion, the editorial was ordered to be A...~ OPEN LETTER TO SENATOR DAVID A. REED printed in the REcoRD, as follows: SENATOR DAVID A. REED: Shortly you will be called upon to vote LONDON TREATY BASE SURRENDER OF OUR TRADITIONAL NAVAL POLICY finally whether the pending extortionate tariff bill, with its threat to American trade and prosperity, shall become law. With lines so closely Not only does the London naval treaty abandoa the naval ratios drawn in the Senate, you, better than anyone outside that body, realize agreed to by the United States, Great Britain, and Japan at the Wash­ the importance of every single vote. A margin of one may defeat the ington conference and the whole American position vigorO as some of the patents. no public notice, no official communication, that any of their As to those licen ees whose licenses are about to expire, and as to tenants were violating the prohibition act ; yet they were brought those patents which have not expired, manufacturers must either­ before the United States district attorney in Wa llington to (a) Find a con truction for their products which will not infringe show cause why they had not ejected these tenants who had the patent ; or violated the prohibition act. The agency explained, when they (b) Contest the patents; or got to the district attorney, that they had no know1edge that (c) Negotiate a license thereunder. any violation of the law exi ted there. The reply of the United. Whether the Government is succe sful or un uccessful in the uit, States distl·ict attorney was, " The fact that it was published in tbese manufacturers would still be dealing with the same corporations the newspapers wa notice to you. ' Therefore, in order to carry with which they have dealt in the pa t with reference to the four. out the regulation of the United States district attorney's office, thousand-odd patents inYolved and the difference would lie in whether this concern would be forced to read every bit of the newspap(>rs they deal with them separately or through the medium of one company every day; and that is the kind of notice fuat makes you guilty as at present. of knowingly renting a house to some one who violates the Whether these separate companies would be disposed to grant to the prohibition act. industry licenses to u e their patents to the extent that the Radio Mr. HOWELL. Mr. Pre ident, it seems that under the na­ Corporation of America has carried out the policy of licensing the tional prohibition act alone, the realtors whom the Senator indu try, or retain the full use thereof to themselves, as they woulcl from Maryland wishes to protect are now subject to prosecution have a right to do by virtue of ownership of the patents under e:ri ting for knowingly allowing the occupation of premises for such patent laws, would have to be determined. purposes; so there can be nothin(7 wrong with this ~ection, be­ There is no law now exi ting making the granting of licenses under cause it merely restates what is the law to-day. patents obligatory upon the patent holder as such holder has the ex­ Mr. President, I ask unanimous consent that we return to cluslYe right under present laws as the owner of the patent to manu­ the calendar under Rule VIII, and proceed therewith. facture and sell the instruments of the im·ention covered by the patent. The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. CouZENs in the chair). 'l'hus if the Governmrnt i · succe sful, would the number of concerns The present occupant of the chair objects to that. The unfin­ \vith whom a manufacturer must negotiate be multiplied if he wishes ished business is before the Senate. to escape patent troubles as to the particular patents involved, or, if the Mr. JOHNSON. Mr. PTesident, I suggest the ab ence of a Government is unsuccessful, remain the same. On the other hand, quorum. should the court confirm the legality of the pooling and cro s-licensing The PRESIDING OFFICER. The clerk will call the roll. arrangements, a large proportion of radio patents would be held by a The legislative clerk called the roll twice. and the following single company as at present. Senators answered to their names: Second. In the suit brought by the owners of the Lowell and Dun­ Bingham Glass McKellar Sheppard more patents against the Radio Corporation of America, the Yalidity of Blaine Golf Mc:\lastee Shortridge thrse patents was sustained by the lower court and the case is now on Bratton Goldsborough McNary Simmons appeal. Brookhart Hale Mo!'es Stephen Capper Hatfield Norbeck Swanson If the owners of the e patents continue to be successful in thi ca e, Connally Hayden Norris Thomas, Idaho an immediate question for manufacturers of receiving sets not licensed Couzens Heflin Oddie Trammell thereunder will ari e as to whether or not the construction of past Cutting Howell Phipps Tydings models embodied these inventions, and, if so, what royalties or infringe­ Deneen Johnson Pine Vandenberg Dill Jonrs Ran dell Wagner ment damages must be paid for sets already manufactured and whether Fess Kendrick Re cn years ago." bitter lessons which we have learned in the past by failure to properly recognize their force, and we shall become as successful as human intel­ But what happened when the tariff mill began to grind? In face ligence, character, and ability will permit us to be. of the President' specifications and the whole tenor of the campaign We are not all alike in human nature so far as intelligence, ability, promises, the House entered into a practically unlimited revision and and knowledge are concerned, but that is where this association is dPliberately set up a "new ba is of protective duties." Far·m rates valuable in gathering knowledge for the good of the whole industry, were boosted, it is true, but of about 2,000 increases, a great majority and thus stabilize it by a combined intelligence and tend to prevent the went to manufacturing industries which in recent years had not ex­ disasters which surely follow the lack of it. perienced "a slackening of activity," but great ad>ance . That meant giving the fnrmer a dollar more for what he had to sell so he would AMERICAN CONSERVATION WEEK consent to pay $5 more for what he had to buy. Recognition of that Mr. WAGNER. Mr. President, I report favorably from the fact led Senator BORAH to propose that revision be limited strictly to Committee on Public Lands and Surveys Senate Concurrent farm products. The plan was rejected by 1 vote. Re elution 23 favoring the designation and the appropriate ob­ Then the Senate proceeded to juggle rates for the best pat·t of a servation of American conservation week, with an amendment, year, and finally pulled an export-debenture rabbit out of the tariff and I submit a report thereon (No. 862) . hat This debenture was a clever plan by which the farmer would have I ask unanimou consent for the immediate consideration of made sure of some tariff benefits. It is a well-known economic fact that the concurrent resolution. the ordinary form of tariff-an import duty-fails to operate on exports The amendment was, on page 1, line 4, to strike out "third or to raise prices on products of which a sufficient surplus is produ·ced week in March" and in ert in lieu thereof" first week in April," to make domestic prices depend on the world market. In such ca es so as to read : tariffs supposed to benefit the farmer are a mockery. Whereas under the inspiring leadership of President Cleveland it Recognizing that the new import duties on corn, hay, pork, lard, and became the settled policy of this Nation to conserve its natural re­ other widely exported farm products would be largely ineffective, the sources ; and Senate decided to glte the farmer the debenture--a bounty on his Whereas the establishment of an American conservation week will exports. But now even that bas been abandoned. Possibly it was have the desired effect ot bringing the American people to realize, in unworkable ; undoubtedly it embodied many of the evils Involved in any the words of that great conservationist, President Roosevelt, that "the form of governmental subsidy. The fact remains that it was the conservation of our natural re ources and their proper use constitute farmer's last hope for parity of protection under the Grundy-or Smoot­ Hawley-bill. the fundamental problem which underlies almost every other problem of our national life" : Therefore be it Higher rates on eggs, onions, olive oil, cowpeas, sauerkraut, canned tomatoes, and other relatively unimportant products will not begin Resol1.1 ect by the Senate (the House of Represeutati·ves co1wut-ring), That the President of the United States is request(:'d to issue each year to pay the higher prices the bill places on the farmer's tools, harness, a proclamation designating the first week in April as American con­ cement, brick, shingles, rope, drain tiles, kitchenware, furniture, and clothing. Indeed, many a farmer is beginning to realize that be is a ser-vation week ~d inviting the people of the United States to observe that week in schools, churches, museums, parks, and other suitable mere amateur at the game of protection and that relief will come not places, with ceremonies appropriate to the occasion. from piling up tariffs on the things he sells but by reducing rates on the things be buys. Mr. McNARY. What is the purpose of the amendment? In still another way the tari.l'l' bill now before Congress for final M.r. WAGNER. It is simply to change the date. Some of the action would injure the farmer. By blocking foreign imports it would members of the committee thought that March was too early make it more difficult for other nations to buy American farm products a date to have this observation of conservation week; the bloom­ for which they must pay with their own commodities-Imports. ing time comes in April. I acce~ed to their suggestion. Everything considered, there are abundant reasons why Mr. American Mr. McNARY. Was the resolution considered by the Com­ Farmer should feel that there is not much relief in the Grundy bill, mittee on Public Lands and Surveys? And there are abundant reasons to believe tbat should neither Hou e of Mr. WAGNER. Yes; apd is unanimously reported. Congress exercise a veto power on the bill now, Mr. Farmer will exerci e Mr. JONES. Let the concurrent resolution be read. a · veto of his own upon Congress in next Novomber's elections. 1930 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 10187 l\lr. CONNALLY. Mt·. President, I ask to have printed in the preparing breakf;lt:t on the ga range, taxed 40 pel' cent, she decides RECORD a statement by Representative JoHN N. GAIU\""EB, of to add to the menu some oatmeal. which still carries the old tariff mte Texas, the ranking member of the Hou._ e Ways and 1\leans Com­ of 8.1G per cent. With tbis she place on the table a small pitcher .:>f mittee, with relation to the farmer, and the tal'iff bill now cream, taxed 3:1.75 per cent, and then awakens the children. After pending. givi~g them a bath in the enameled tub, taxed 48 per cent, she ad­ There being no objection, the statement was ordered to be momshes them not to forget to clean their teeth with brusbe taxed printed iu the RECORD, as follows: 73 to 101 per cent, and hurrie them into their tariff-taxed clothing ST.iTEME:\T BI" REPRESEN1'A1'1VE JOH,· ~. OAR~fER, OF TEllS and down to their simple but highly taxed breakfast. A few minutes later the children hear the school bell, taxed 40 per cent, and taking Striking direct at the workingman, the farmer, and the small business man-the real foundation upon which American progress and prosperity their pens, taxed 43.26 per cent; pencils, 45.11 per cent; and paper, ba been established-the Iluwley-Smoot tariff places an unjust and un­ 29.24 per cent, depart to spend the day studying book printed on tariff-taxed paper. nece, ary burden of hundreds of millions of dollars annually upon those already overburdened by the gradual development of a tariff system Their mother sweeps the home with a broom, taxed 2;) per cent ; which extend special favors to the few' at the e.xpense of the masses. scrubs the linoleum, taxed 42 per cent, with a brush taxed 50 per No greater fraud was ever perpetrated upon the American people cent, using soap all the compon{'nts of which carry tariff rates. Com­ tban the claim of proponents of the IIawley-Smoot bill that it is pleting this duty, she washes some of the necessary clothing for the designed ''to protect American labor," a statement which the Repub­ children, using a tub taxed 40 per cent, hanging the garments on a lican members of the Ways and Means Committee had the audacity to clothe line, taxed 42 per cent. with clothespins that carry a tariff rate insert in the title of the bill. Its real purpose is to exploit, not to of .121.31 per cent. Cornpl!"ting this work, she bru hes her feet on a protrct, and the millions of American workingmen, as well as the coco-fiber doormat, ta.xed 78.76 per cent, and hurries into the house farmers and busine s men, are the targets against whom these shafts of to continue her daily routine. tariff exploitation are aimed. She sews some buttons, taxed 358 per cent, on her daughter's dress, It i extremely unfortunate tba t the average individual does not and then concludes to go down to the market. Di carding her cotton bave the time or the information at band to ascertain with any degree house dress, taxed 5:1 per cent, she proceeds to comb her hair, using of accuracy bow he will be affected personally. An excessive tariff a comb taxed 60.26 per cent. She applies face cream and a little ran be clas ified as an intangiule tax which reverts to the protected rouge, each taxed 75 per cent, and the powder applied to her nose is intere.. ts instead of the Government. The formulation of a tariff also taxed 75 per cent. She don her woolen street dress, taxed bill has developed into a wild scmmble on the part of many selfish 105.53 per cent; her hat, taxed 203.09 per cent; and, taking her intere ts to secure the assent of Congress to the imposition of inde­ umbrella, taxed 60 per cent, and shopping bag, taxed 35 per cent, fcn ible burdens upon the consumers. The consumer has no definite wait for the sti·eet car on the concrete step, the cement of which is knowledge of how hard he is bit by thi intangible tux. He can not taxed 16.86 per cent. a certain the productio/ costs on the articles be buys nor the cost of Arriving at the market she purchases such of the tariff-taxed neces­ sities of life as her slim purse will permit, and a she bas little time di~tribution. In a vague way be knows that the costs of the necessaries a of life are constantly mounting ; that the already swollen fortunes of before lunch decides to " shop~· among the stores. these favored by exce ive tariff rates are expanding; but be pays tb{' She needs an clech·ic iron, but learns that the price bas gone up, doc e:rtorti nate prices created by these indefensiule rates and merely utters to the 124 per cent tariff tax. She decides to buy an imitation pearl in<:'ffectual protests against the system which has placed an in tangible necklace for her daughter, but finds that through the act of Congres and umeasonable tax upon practicafly every necessity of life. the manufacturers of such articles have secured tariff rates which has Almost every article the average American citizen wears, eats, or boosted the prices. She also learns that the good, the 5-cent, cigar uses in hi daily routine carries the tariff tax. Awake or asleep be is her husband formerly enjoyed in the evening after work hours can no ccnstantly addin~ to the profits of those interests which are granted a longer be procured nt that price, due to the high rate placed upon special dispensation through the tariff to exploit him. wrapper tobacco, and concludes that he must content himself with the Take the average American workingman as an example. When be pipe, on which the tariff has already been paid. arise in the morning he sba ves himself with a razor carrying a 117 The children return from school and seek to amu e themselves with per cent tariff tax, using soap that has a rate of 30 per cent. He dons their toys, taxed 70 per cent. Little Johnny adds to the profits of the his underwear, which, if cotton, is taxed 45 per cent; if wool, 55 per textile manufacturers by ruining his trousers, necessitating a new pair, cent ; and 73 per cent if he has aristocratic tastes and wenrs under­ taxed at 56.36 per cent. His older brother dons his wool sweater, garments of rayon. He puts on his shirt, taxed 37% per cent if made taxed 103.43 per cent, takes his steel fishing rod and reel, taxed 55 of cotton ; draws on his rayon ho e on which he is as essed 73.34 per per cent, and goes down to the river confident be can catch a fish upon cent, and proceeds to don his light wool suit, taxed 67 per cent. lie which be will not be compelled to pay a tariff tax. next pulls on his shoes, taxed 20 per cent, and, his toilet completed, When the father returns in the evening, dinner is ·erved on a table he wipes his nose on a handkerchief which has a ta1·iff rate of 40 per taxed 40 per cent, the family sitting on chairs that carry the same tariff cent, and then hurries to the dining room for breakfast. rate. The chinaware, lf decorated, is taxed 81.06 per cent; if not The morning meal, like all other m~als, is a tariff nightmare. The decorated, only 76.76 per cent. The silverware is taxed 65 per cent, buckwheat in the cakes i taxed 14 per cent. He spreads them with and practically every article of food on the table carries a tariff butter, which carries a tariff rate of 38.84 per cent, and gives them a rate. liberal application of maple sirup, taxed 41.28 per cent. The bacon After dinner father draws on his overalls, taxed 3711.! per cent, digs is taxed !.1.16 per cent, and sugar 2 cents. Coffee is the only item on in the garden with a spade taxed 30 per cent. Willie cuts the lawn the menu that does not carry a tariff tax. and trims the hedges, both the lawn mower and sickle carrying tariff The wife is busy filling that "full dinner pail," taxed 45 per cent, rates of 30 per cent. while be dons his cheap overcoat, taxetl 86.31 per cent, and his wool In the house mother clears up the dinner dishes and daughter sweeps hat, taxed 203 per cent. If he can afford the higher grade of wool the dining-room rug, taxed 60 per cent. Finally the family repair bat he is taxed only 111 per cen't, or if he wears a straw, the manu­ to the living room, torn on the electric light bulbs, taxed 20 pet· cent, facturer thereof bas a tariff rate of 1:59 per cent to "protect" his and listen to "Amos 'n' Andy" over a radio taxed 40 per cent. Later product. While waiting for his wife to bring the dinner pail be fills they retire to their beds, taxed 45 per cent, draw over them blankets, his pipe, taxed 423 per cent, and after a glance at the clock, taxed taxed 103 per cent, and after settling their heads comfortably on 91.83 per cent, hurries of! to his daily toil. feather pillows, ta.xed 20 per cent, compose themselves to slumber and If be is a mechanic, every tool and practically every piece of material forgetfulness of the burdens which the tariff bat·ons, with the ac­ he may use carries an excessive tariff rate. If he is a clerk or quiesct!nce of Congre s, have placed upon them. accountant, his pens, pencil~<, paper, typewriter, ink, paper clips, and Apparently there is no escape from this tarit! burden. After the e\'ery other article he may use has had its price enhanced by the ta1·ifi. American consumer has ~:;p~nt his day trying to extract from life a If he is an e . tive he sits down at a desk, taxed 40 per cent, smokes fair measure of its joys, and each hour of the day and night con­ a cigar the wrUI>per of which is taxed $2.92 per pound, and gives his tributing to the profit of those special interests which have been suc­ orders to the tariff-harried office force, each of whom is probably con­ cessful in securing indefensible tariff favors, e\·en death does not free templating asking for a salary increase in order to meet the ever­ him from their pitiless greed. His family is compelled to pay a tariff increasing cost of the necessities of life. tax on practically every article that goes into the manufacture of his When the noon whistle blows the workingman seizes his dinner pail coffin, and when his body is finally laid to rest the granite tombstone and proceeds to regale bimself with roast beef, taxed 2;;,73 per cent; with which they mark his resting place will carry a tariff rate ranging a couple of boiled eggs, 34.44 per cent; cold potatoes, taxed 52 per from 60 to 1,500 per cent. cent, and finishes with a bottle of milk, which carries a 37 per cent tariff rate. This menu may be varied from day to day, but there is EXECUTITE SESSIO~ little variation in the tariff burden the workingman is compelled to Mr. McNARY. I move that the Senate proceed to the con­ carry. sideration of executive business. In the meantime, bis wife has bad a busy morning and has done The motion was agreed to; and the Senate proceeded to the her bit toward maintaining the pro perity of the tariff barons. After consideration of executive business. 10188 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE JUNE 6

EXECUTIVE MESSAGES REFERRED PROMOTIONS IN THE ARMY The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. CouzENs in the chair) To be lieutenant colonels laid before the Senate me ages from the President of the . Maj. Bruce Magruder, Infantry, from May 27, 1930. United States making sundry nominations, which were referred Maj. George Herman Huddleson, Quartermaster Corp , from to the appropriate committees. May 31, 1930. The PRESIDING OFFICER. Reports of committees are in order. If there be no report of committees, the calendar is in To be majors order. Capt. Thomas Liggett Lamoreux, Infantry, from May 27, 1930. CADET GRADUATING AT WEST POINT Capt. Adlai Cyrus Young, Infantry, from May 31, 1930. M1·. REED. Mr. Pre ident, out of order I reported earlier in To be captains the afternoon a number of routine nominations from the Com­ First Lieut. Thomas Arthur Dukes, Infantry, from May 27, mittee on Military Affair~. Included among them were the 1930. names of the cadets graduating this year from West Point. First Lieut. Arthur Thomas, Air Corps, from l\lay 29, 1930. There was al 'o the nomination of an Assistant Chief of Ord­ First Lieut. Edward Albert Kimball, Infantry, from May 31, nance, which I suppose had better remain on the calendar. 1930. The· others are all routine, and I ask unanimous consent that To be first lieutenants they be confirmed en bloc. Second Lieut. Sheldon Perkins McNickle, Infantry, from May The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without objection, the nomi­ 'l:l, 1930. nations, with the exception mentioned by the Senator from Second Lieut. Will Knox Stennis, Coast Artillery Corps, from Pennsylvania, are confirmed, and the Pre~ ident will be notified. May 2!), 1930. THE JUDICIARY Second Lieut. Harold George Peterson, Ail· Corp , from May The legislative clerk read the nomination of Albert C. 29, 1930. • Sittel to be United States marshal, southern district of Cali­ Second Lieut. George Francis Schulgen, Air Corps, from l\lay fornia. 31, 1930. The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without objection, the nomi­ Second Lieut. Otto Paul Weyland, Air Corps, from June 2, nation is confirmed, and the President will be notified. 1930. POSTMASTERS DENTAL CORPS The legislative clerk proceeded to read sundry nominations of To be tnajors postmaster . · Capt. Page Purnell Albert Chesser, Dental Corps, from May Mr. PHIPPS. I ask that the nomination of Ralph E. Hanna 29, 1930. ' to be postmaster at Beaverton, Oreg., go over without prejudice. Capt. Jay Ro s Haskin, Dental Corps, from June 3, 1930. Mr. McNARY. M.r. Pre ident, I received a petition in regard to that nomination, and I have no objection to its confirmation. Mr. PHIPPS. Then I withdraw my request, and ask that all CONFIRMATIONS 1he po t-office nominations be confirmed en bloc. · Jf).recutive n

~lahlon Smith Davis. William Ewing Grubbs. Henry Alan Winters. Morton Elmer Townes. 'Vinfield Wilber Sisson. William Dole Eckert. Paul Russell WeyTauch. Frederick James Simpoon. John J o evh MacFarland. Harold Eugene Brooks. 'Villiam Holtz Diddleboek. Charles Lewis. Erne t Emil Holtzen, 2d. Bream Cooley Patrick. Orin Doughty Haugen. Samuel Lynn Morrow, jr. Thomas Weldon Dunn. APPOINTMENT IX THE PHILIPPINE SCOUTS Albert Wat on, 2d. :\!illard Lewis. Birrell Walsh. • James Frederick Ammerman. To be second lieutenant with mnk ft'om June 1e, 1930 Alva Revista Fitch. John Chesley Kilborn. Cadet Maximiano Saqui Janairo. James Quayle Brett. Frederick Dwight Atkinson. TMNSFER IN THE .A.R:YY

Percy Howard Brown, jr. Carl AmandtlS Brandt. TO ORDNA~CE DEPARTMENT Paul Clark, jr. J ohn Charlc Hayden. Fir t Lieut. Edwin Henry Harrison. Edward Sedgwick Berry. Robert Allen Ports. Richard Churchill Hutchinson. Roderick Leland Carmichael, PROMOTIONS IN THE .A.IUIY John Franlt Greco. jr. To be colonel George Goodrell Garton. Carl Irven Hutton. William Albert Co-riugton, Ooa t Artillery Corps. Robert Louis Brunzell. George Wareham Gibbs. To be lieutenant colone~ Robert William Timothy. Arthur Cleveland Goodwin, jr. Barksdale Hamlett. Harold Lester Smith. Edgar Mason Whiting, Cavalry. William E,letcher Sharp, Field Artillery. COAST AUTILLERY CORPS To be majors Lawrence Arthur Bo ·worth. RobPrt Edwin Cron, jr. Raney Cecil Kearney, Infanh·y. Cyrus Lawrence 'Peterson. Willis Almeron Perry. Oscar Benjamin Beasley. Grant Eugene HilL William Hern·y .McCutcheon, jr., Infantry. Carl Henry Fernstrom. Alden Pugh Taber. . To be caz>tains Hubert du Bois Lewis. Charles Joseph Odenweller, John James Downing, Signal Corps. - Clark Neil Piper. jr. John Martin Clark, Air Corps. Robert Jefferson Wood. Edwin Sanuers Perrin. Rowland Charles ·william Blessley, Air Corps. Robert Foster Haggerty. Neal Edwin Ausman. To be first lie11tenants Arthur Leonard Fuller, jr. Charles Clinton Cloud, jr. Elmer Theodore Rundqui t, Air Corp ·. Harry Raymond Boyd. Arthur Carey Peter on. Marvin Lewis llarding. Raymond Charles Lane, Infanh·y. Paul Arthur Roy. David Marshall Ramsay, Air Corps. Dana Stuart Alexander. William Henry Harri'3. Joseph Henry Twyman, jr. Adam Andrew Koscielniak. MEDIOAL CORPS David Hodge Baker. Jame Snow Lunn. To be lieutena-nt colonela James Sylvester Sutton. John Brazelton Fillmore Wibb Earl Cooper. James Theopold Darrah. Dice. Thomas Ludlow Ferenbaugh. I!'iFANTRY George William Cook. Darwin Worth Ferguson. George William Rumsey William Lloyd Shee1l. Herbert Voivenelle 1\litchell. Perry. Edgar Clyde Jone . Arthur 0 man navi . Walter Campbell Sweeney, Clifton Donald Blac1--ford. Floyd Kramer. jr. Ephraim Melmoth Hampton. Henry Bing Kunzig. Thomas Ferguson Wall. DESTAL CORPS Frank Kowalski, jr. Jack Griffin Pitcher. To be major John Xa-rier 'Valsh. James Sawyer Luckett. James Barrett 1\lockbee. Robert James Watson. Myron Albert Quinto. Anthony Eugene Curcio. Josepl;l Arthur Miller. PosTMASTERS Weldell Holmes Langdon. Ned Dalton Moore. CONNECTICUT Roy Ernest Lindquist. Christian Hudgins Clarke, jr. Frederic D. Parker, Clinton. Siclney Clay Wooten. Claude Emerson Jurney. DELAWARE Ross Thatcher Sampson. John Herbold 1\Iurrel. Archibald William Stuart. Thomas 1\llillin. 'William L. Parker, Millsboro. Raymond Davis 1\lillener. Daniel Russell Taylor. FLORIDA Aubrey Dewitt Smith. James Knox Wilson, jr. Algernon Keathley, Brooksville. Frederick Reginia Weber. Francis Joseph Carr. ll\TDIANA Tom Robert Stoughton, jr. Kurt :Martin Landon. Othel Rochelle Deering. Gerry Leonard Mason. Charle H. Elder, Etna Green. Leon Clarence Scott. Hubern Paul Dellinger. Ira N. Compton, Hamlet. William Naille Taylor. Winston Rose Maxwell. Ralph E. Williams, Medaryville. \Villiam Warner Harris. Aubrey Ellis Strode, jr. Orpheus M. Dickey, Shoals. Frederick Gardner Crabb, jr. Daniel Anderson Cooper. \Villard Logan, Walton. Buford Ru sell Nyquist. Theodore Roberts Kimpton. LOUISIANA Roy Whitman l\1uth. Earl Hugh Heimerdinger. Samuel J. 1\forris, Eunice. Richard Shafle Freeman. John Simpson Guthrie. Loui P. Bourgeois, Gramercy. Jaromir Jan Pospisil. Allan Duard MacLean. Viola M. McMillan, Iota. Richards Montgomery Brls- Richard Cloyd Parker. Charles J. Slack, Maringouin. tol. Howard Ru ~ sell 1\Ioore. Blaise A. Chappuis, Rayne. Edward Irving Sachs. James Lowell Richardson, jr. Eula lll. Jones, TTout. Marshall Hill Hurt, jr. Francis Hill Dohs. Samuel Philbrick Kelley. Ludlow King. MONTANA George William Lermond. Eli Stevens. Jack Bennett, Plentywood. Norman Ray Burnett. Jacob Samuel Sauer. Rudolph P. Petersen, Rudyard. Charle Lind Olin. Joseph Eakens James, jr. NEBRASKA. Samuel Roth. Charle Edward Beauchamp. James A. Finnegilll, Bartley. Joe Clifton East. Paul Aloysius Chalmers . . Marie A. Lybolt, Bruru:wick. Eugene Anthony Kenny. Thomas Kent. NORTH DAKOTA John Livingood Pauley, jr. Sory Smith. Frank Theodore Folk. Henry Estil Royall. William E. Bowler, Koonan. Irene R. Hegluncl, White Earth. Robert Craig Sutherland. Paul William Blanchard, jr. Joseph Farrell Haskell. Jasper Joseph Riley, jr. omo Richard Joseph O'Keefe. Theo

TEXAS poses, with Senate amendments, concur in Senate amendments Lewis B. Lindsay, Gainesville. Nos. 1 and 3, and agree to Senate amendment No. 2 with an John Thomman, Levelland. amendment. Je se E. Meroney, Ranger. The Clerk read the Senate amendments, as follows: · Denison P. Greenwade, Rochester. Page 6, strike out lines 20 to 25, inclusive, and lines 1 to 7, inclu­ VERMONT sive, page 7, and insert : William H. Startup, Proctor. "SEc. 6. In addition to the amount of coca leaves which may be imported under section 2 (b) of the narcotic drugs import and export act, the commissioner of nru·cotics is authorized to permit, in accord­ HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ance with regulations issued by him, the importation of additional amounts of coca leaves: Provided, That after the entry thereof into FRIDAY, June 6, 1930 the United States all cocaine, ecgonine, and all salts, derivatives, and The House met at 12 o'clock noon. preparations from which cocaine or ecgonine may be synthesized or The Chaplain, Rev. James Shera Montgomery, D. D., offered made, contained in such additional amounts of coca leaves, shall be the following prayer: destroyed under the supervision of an authorized representative of the commissioner of narcotics. All coca leaves imported under this section Almighty Go