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Report on the Lantana Craft Alternate Livelihood Project at Lokkere Village, Bandipura, Karnataka

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Report on the Lantana Craft Alternate Livelihood Project at Lokkere Village, Bandipura, Karnataka Report on the Lantana Craft alternate livelihood project at Lokkere Village, Bandipura, Karnataka This project forms part of the project titled "Integrated project for lantana management, restoration of scrub forest ecosystem and alternate livelihoods at Lokkere Reserve Forest, Bandipura" implemented by Paadhai and Junglescapes Charitable Trust during 2013-14 under the CEPF-ATREE Western Ghats Small Grants Program Prepared by Ramesh Venkataraman Project Investigator February 2015 Email: [email protected] Junglescapes Charitable Trust, Bangalore, India Page 1 Abstract Background Bandipur Tiger Reserve (BTR) is one India's premier tiger sanctuaries located in the Western Ghats, a global bio-diversity hot spot. The Lokkere Reserve Forest is adjacent Bandipur Tiger Reserve and is a valuable buffer habitat for the main tiger reserve. A number of forest dwelling communities live on the periphery of BTR, within the formally declared 'Eco- sensitive Zone' of the tiger reserve. Community members own small parcels of agricultural land which are mostly uncultivated due to water scarcity and frequent crop raids by wild animals. The villagers depend on daily wages earned from temporary and seasonal employment in nearby private agricultural farms. Objectives of the project The Lantana Craft project is a part of the CEPF-ATREE project titled ""Integrated project for lantana management, restoration of scrub forest ecosystem and alternate livelihoods at Lokkere Reserve Forest, Bandipura". The overall project aims to integrate the restoration of forest habitats affected by Lantana camara with alternate livelihoods for local communities based on the restoration activity as well as through hand craft making using the removed Lantana camara as raw material. The craft aspect of the project aims at piloting a sustainable livelihood avenue through a new, non-traditional activity that is closely aligned with ecological conservation. Other elements of the project are establishing effective market linkages for the sale of the craft products, building capabilities for self-management among the community members, and creation of an identity for the products. Findings The project results show that forest dwelling communities are keen to attempt new and non-traditional alternate livelihood options. Their ability to learn the technical skills needed for the activity is good. Apart from opening up an alternate livelihood opportunity, the activity has significant self-esteem and capacity-building benefits for the participants, particularly for women. Multiple marketing avenues have been explored with varying results. The creation of a brand identity for such products is a key positive outcome of the project. While there is good untapped potential for sale of such products, communities will need continued external support on the marketing and supply chain management aspects. Frameworks for self-management are simple to create but migration to a full self- management model is a challenge and the process may take 1-2 years. Junglescapes Charitable Trust, Bangalore, India Page 2 List of acronyms: BTR: Bandipur Tiger Reserve RF: Reserve Forest PA: Protected Area ATREE: Ashoka Trust for Research on Ecology and the Environment NGO: Non-governmental Organisation SHG: Self Help Group ESZ: Eco-sensitive zone Junglescapes Charitable Trust, Bangalore, India Page 3 Table of contents 1. Introduction………………………………………………………………………………… 5 1.1 Project Outline …………………………………………………………………………. 5 1.2 Project Objectives ……………………………………………………………………. 7 2. Project Methodology ………………………………………………………………….. 8 3. Project implementation – outcomes v objectives……………………… 9 4. Key concerns areas ………………………………………………………….. 18 5. Key learnings ………………………………………………………………………………. 19 6. Conclusions …………………………………………………………………………………. 20 7. Acknowledgements …………………………………………………………………….. 21 8. Appendix 1: Financial summary ……………………………………………….. 22 Junglescapes Charitable Trust, Bangalore, India Page 4 1. Introduction 1.1 Project Outline The Lantana Craft project is an integral part of the overall CEPF-ATREE project titled ""Integrated project for lantana management, restoration of scrub forest ecosystem and alternate livelihoods at Lokkere Reserve Forest, Bandipura". While the lantana management and restoration of scrub forest ecosystem parts of the project involve removal of Lantana camara (refer para 1.1.1 below for details of the Lantana camara threat) and restoration of such removed sites, the alternate livelihood part of the project involves creation of an alternate livelihood option based on the making of hand crafts using the removed lantana as raw material. 1.1.1 The Lantana camara threat Lantana camara is an invasive and exotic weed species that was brought to India by the British in the early 19th century. It is now one of the main eco-system threats in large parts of the Western Ghats. It is estimated that around 50% of BTR is invaded by this invasive species in various degrees of density, impacting bio-diversity significantly. Lantana is a prodigious flower and seed producing species that colonizes vast areas rapidly, with multiple adverse impacts i.e. • The bottom and middle-storey vegetation in Lantana-affected areas are occupied entirely by Lantana, pushing out native shrub and grass species and also inhibiting creation of fresh stock of woody species. This directly impacts food availability for herbivores like deer, gaur and elephants within the forest, and potentially lead to increased wildlife raids on agricultural fields as a result. • High degree of colonization by Lantana camara deprives the forest ecosystems of bio-diversity of both of flora and multi-flora dependent fauna. • Lantana leads to significant degeneration of the soil and hydrological systems. • Concentrations of dry lantana bushes pose a serious fire risk during the summer months. The spread of forest fires in such habitats is rapid and difficult to control. 1.1.2 Bandipur Tiger Reserve (BTR) BTR is one of the earliest tiger reserves set up (1973) under India’s Project Tiger program. It lies in the Western Ghats, a global bio-diversity hot spot. BTR is contiguous with three other major tiger reserves – Nagarhole, Mudumalai and Wynad – which together form the Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve (5500 sq kms), one of the largest protected conservation areas in India. BTR has rich bio-diversity of flora and fauna in addition to good tiger density and also a high density of wild elephants (Elephas maximus). It is one of the identified critical site Junglescapes Charitable Trust, Bangalore, India Page 5 outcomes under the CEPF Western Ghats assessment 2012. BTR covers an area of 1020 sq kms, consisting of 872 sq kms of core area and 148 sq kms of buffer zone. 1.1.3 Lokkere Reserve Forest The Lokkere RF falls in the buffer zone of BTR and covers an area of around 6.50 sq kms. It is contiguous with BTR at its south-western end and therefore provides valuable incremental habitat for wild animals. It is one of the migratory routes from BTR to the forests of the Eastern Ghats and is used regularly by wild animals during dry summer months to migrate towards water sources. Lokkere RF has a mix of dry deciduous and scrub forest eco-systems. Anthropogenic pressure over a fairly long period of time due to the presence of a number of villages at its periphery - with cattle grazing and collection of fuel wood being the major reasons – has resulted in a high degree of degradation. Image of Lokkere Reserve Forest in relation to BTR 1.1.4 Eco-sensitive zone (ESZ) ESZs are designated areas around national parks and wildlife sanctuaries up to a distance of 10 kms from the periphery of the PA. An ESZ is meant to accord a higher degree of protection for the PA by acting as ‘shock absorbers’, protect vital corridor links and to prevent isolation of fragments of bio-diversity in these zones. Eco-unfriendly commercial and economic activities are either prohibited or regulated in the ESZs. BTR was one of the first national parks in India to notify an ESZ in 2012. 1.1.5 Local communities and livelihoods Almost all local communities of BTR live in the ESZ. A majority of these are erstwhile forest dwelling communities consisting of indigenous people like like Solegas and Jenu Kurubas that were resettled from inside the protected area to villages outside during the formation of the national park. Land holding is small and most land parcels lie uncultivated due to a Junglescapes Charitable Trust, Bangalore, India Page 6 variety of factors – low rainfall, lack of resources for irrigation and crop raid by wild animals being the main ones. As a result most community members depend on temporary farm jobs in nearby private farms for their livelihood, which are seasonal and fraught with uncertainty related to monsoons. Non-tribal communities have now started actively seeking seasonal employment in coffee and tea plantations in adjacent States like Kerala and Tamilnadu. However, this trend is not seen among tribal communities like Jenu Kurubas who prefer to work close to their settlements. 1.1.6 About Junglescapes and Paadhai Junglescapes is a non-profit that has been working on wildlife conservation initiatives (www.junglescapes.org) in the Western Ghats area since 2007. The NGO follows a community participative model of conservation wherein all projects are carried out with the active involvement of local communities. This provides conservation-based alternate livelihoods for the community members that are sustainable. Also, this helps build a win- win and collaborative
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