Making Sense of a Terrorist Attack in Twitter
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Mass-Fatality, Coordinated Attacks Worldwide, and Terrorism in France
BACKGROUND REPORT Mass-Fatality, Coordinated Attacks Worldwide, and Terrorism in France On November 13, 2015 assailants carried out a series of coordinated attacks at locations in Paris, France, including a theater where a concert was being held, several restaurants, and a sporting event. These attacks reportedly killed more than 120 people and wounded more than 350 others. The Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) claimed responsibility for the attack.1 To provide contextual information on coordinated, mass-fatality attacks, as well as terrorism in France and the attack patterns of ISIL, START has compiled the following information from the Global Terrorism Database (GTD).2 MASS-FATALITY TERRORIST ATTACKS Between 1970 and 2014, there have been 176 occasions on which terrorist Number of Times More than 100 People Were Killed attacks killed more than 100 people by Terrorist Attacks on a Single Day in a Single Country (excluding perpetrators), in a particular 30 country on a particular day. This includes both isolated attacks, multiple attacks, 25 and multi-part, coordinated attacks. The first such event took place in 1978, when 20 an arson attack targeting the Cinema Rex Theater in Abadan, Iran killed more than 15 400 people. Frequency Since the Cinema Rex attack, and until 10 2013, 4.2 such mass-fatality terrorist events happened per year, on average. In 5 2014, the number increased dramatically when 26 mass-fatality terrorist events 0 took place in eight different countries: Afghanistan (1), Central African Republic (1), Iraq (9), Nigeria (9), Pakistan (1), Source: Global Terrorism Database Year South Sudan (1), Syria (3), and Ukraine (1). -
Attentats Du 13 Novembre 2015 En France
Attentats du 13 novembre 2015 en France Les attentats du 13 novembre 2015 en France, sur- et de l'État islamique, commettent une série d'attentats venus dans la soirée du vendredi 13 novembre 2015, et — qui commence par la tuerie au siège du journal Char- revendiqués par l'organisation terroriste État islamique, lie Hebdo et se termine par la prise d'otages de l’Hyper sont une série de fusillades et d’attentats-suicides qui Cacher — faisant dix-sept victimes. s’est produite en Île-de-France, pour l’essentiel à Paris e e D'autres attentats de moindre échelle ont eu lieu depuis dans les 10 et 11 arrondissements (rue Bichat, rue de la fin de l'année 2014. En avril 2015, Sid Ahmed Gh- , rue de Charonne, au Bataclan, et la Fontaine-au-Roi lam échoue dans son projet d'attentat, mais tue néan- boulevard Voltaire), ainsi qu’à Saint-Denis aux abords du moins Aurélie Châtelain à Villejuif (Val-de-Marne). Le stade de France. 26 juin, Yassin Salhi étrangle et égorge son patron, puis Des coups de feu visant des terrasses de restaurants et tente de faire exploser une usine de production de gaz cafés font plusieurs dizaines de morts dans les 10e et industriels et médicaux classée Seveso à Saint-Quentin- 11e arrondissements de Paris. Dans le même temps, des Fallavier (Isère). Le 13 juillet, quatre jeunes de 16 à 23 terroristes kamikazes se font exploser aux abords du stade ans, dont un ancien militaire, sont soupçonnés de pro- de France, où se déroule un match amical de football jeter une attaque contre le camp militaire du fort Béar, France-Allemagne. -
La Memorisation Et Perception Des Attentats Du 13 Novembre 2015 En France 7 Mois Apres
POLE EVALUATION ET SOCIETE LA MEMORISATION ET PERCEPTION DES ATTENTATS DU 13 NOVEMBRE 2015 EN FRANCE 7 MOIS APRES Rapport rédigé dans le cadre du programme 13 novembre, porté par le CNRS, l'Inserm et héSam Université, financé par l'Agence nationale de la recherche (ANR) dans le cadre du Programme Investissements d'Avenir (PIA). Contrat ANR-10-EQPX-0021-01 volet Programme 13-Novembre. DOI : 10.5281/zenodo.4249155 Sandra Hoibian, Charlotte Millot, Jacqueline Eidelman, Gérôme Truc, Mathilde Perrin, Francis Eustache, Denis Peschanski Avec la participation de Régis Bigot, Radmila Datsenko et Pauline Jauneau- Cottet 142, rue du Chevaleret 75013 PARIS Tél. 01 40 77 85 50 Fax 01 40 77 85 09 NOVEMBRE 2016 Avant-propos méthodologique Programme 13 novembre CREDOC 13-Novembre est un programme de recherche transdisciplinaire qui se déroulera sur 12 ans. Son objectif est d’étudier la construction et l’évolution de la mémoire après les attentats du 13 novembre 2015, et en particulier l’articulation entre mémoire individuelle et mémoire collective. La mémoire est un élément essentiel de la construction de l’identité individuelle comme de l’identité collective. En ce sens, la mémoire des attentats du 13 novembre participe et participera à façonner la société de demain. C’est le rôle de la recherche scientifique d’analyser ces phénomènes pour nous permettre de mieux les comprendre et mieux les appréhender. Il s’agit également de conserver et de transmettre la mémoire des attentats du 13 novembre. C’est une forme d’engagement de la part de la communauté scientifique envers les citoyens. -
THE SUBLIME in CONTEMPORARY ART and POLITICS: “The Post-9/11 Art of the Middle Eastern Diaspora in North America”
THE SUBLIME IN CONTEMPORARY ART AND POLITICS: “The post-9/11 Art of the Middle Eastern Diaspora in North America” TALAT BALCA ARDA GUNEY A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF GRADUATE STUDIES IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY GRADUATE PROGRAM IN POLITICAL SCIENCE YORK UNIVERSITY TORONTO, ONTARIO April 2016 © Talat Balca Arda Guney, 2016 Abstract The Sublime in Contemporary Art and Politics: The post-9/11 Art of the Middle Eastern Diaspora in North America This dissertation takes ethnographic approach to researching art with an emphasis on the artistic practices of Middle Eastern diasporic artists in Canada and the USA. This dissertation moves from an account of aesthetic theory to the revival of public interest in art related to the Middle East and the artistic challenges faced by diasporic artists from the Middle East in presenting depictions of their own subjectivity. The Arab Spring, revolutions, bloody protests and riots, as well as the attacks of radical Islamist groups have crowded mainstream news coverage with images of terror and the paradigm of radical destruction. Such reflections of horrific scenery emulate the aesthetics of the sublime in the imagination of contemporary politics. The increasing body of art emphasizing the region of the Middle East has also regenerated this mainstream media focus on the Middle East, Arab lands, and the “Muslim landscape" with the same connotation of sublimity. I argue that these artistic reflections presume a particular Middle Eastern diasporic subjectivity that comes into visibility simultaneously as the translator and the witness, as well as the victim or perpetrator of this catastrophic imagery of the Middle East. -
(Macro-) Securitization? a Comparison of Political Reactions
Croatian International Same Old (Macro-) Relations Review — Securitization? A Comparison CIRR — XXV (84) 2019, of Political Reactions to Major 6-35 — Terrorist Attacks in the United DOI 10.2478/ cirr-2019-0001 — States and France UDC 323.28:327.8(73:44) — Elena Dück University of Passau, Germany [email protected] ORCID: 0000-0002-2624-0083 Robin Lucke [email protected] Abstract Key words: After the November 2015 terror attacks in Paris, the French government macro-securitization; reacted swiftly by declaring a state of emergency. This state of securitization; emergency remained in place for over two years before it was ended terrorism; Global in November 2017, only after being replaced by the new anti-terror War on Terror; legislation. The attacks as well as the government’s reactions evoked France. parallels to 9/11 and its aftermath. This is a puzzling observation when taking into consideration that the Bush administration’s reactions have been criticized harshly and that the US ‘War on Terror’ (WoT) was initially considered a serious failure in France. We can assume that this adaption of the discourse and practices stems from a successful establishment of the WoT macro-securitization. By using Securitization Theory, we outline the development of this macro-securitization by comparing its current manifestation in France against the backdrop of its origins in the US after 9/11. We analysed securitizing moves in the discourses, as well as domestic and international emergency measure policies. We find extensive similarities with view of both; yet there are differing degrees of securitizing terrorism and the institutionalisation of the WoT in the two states. -
Active Shooter: Recommendations and Analysis for Risk Mitigation
. James P. O’Neill . Police Commissioner . John J. Miller . Deputy Commissioner of . Intelligence and . Counterterrorism ACTIVE SHOOTER James R. Waters RECOMMENDATIONS AND ANALYSIS Chief of Counterterrorism FOR RISK MITIGATION 2016 EDITION AS RELEASED BY THE NEW YORK CITY POLICE DEPARTMENT TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ................................................................................................................2 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .................................................................................................................3 RECENT TRENDS ........................................................................................................................6 TRAINING & AWARENESS CHALLENGE RESPONSE .................................................................................... 6 THE TARGETING OF LAW ENFORCEMENT & MILITARY PERSONNEL: IMPLICATIONS FOR PRIVATE SECURITY ........ 7 ATTACKERS INSPIRED BY A RANGE OF IDEOLOGIES PROMOTING VIOLENCE ................................................... 8 SOCIAL MEDIA PROVIDES POTENTIAL INDICATORS, SUPPORTS RESPONSE .................................................... 9 THE POPULARITY OF HANDGUNS, RIFLES, AND BODY ARMOR NECESSITATES SPECIALIZED TRAINING .............. 10 BARRICADE AND HOSTAGE-TAKING REMAIN RARE OCCURRENCES IN ACTIVE SHOOTER EVENTS .................... 10 RECOMMENDATIONS ................................................................................................................11 POLICY ......................................................................................................................................... -
CSTPV Occasional Papers Framing of Online News Reporting on Terrorist
CSTPV Occasional Papers Framing of Online News Reporting on Terrorist Attacks in the United Kingdom (2015-17) Juraj Nosal Table of Contents Abstract ...................................................................................................................................... 2 1. Introduction ............................................................................................................................ 3 1.1 Review of Literature ..................................................................................................................... 5 2. Theory .................................................................................................................................... 8 2.1 Framing: definitions and conceptual considerations .................................................................... 8 2.2 Identifying and operationalizing frames ..................................................................................... 11 3. Methodology ........................................................................................................................ 13 3.1 Sample ........................................................................................................................................ 13 3.2 Research Methods ....................................................................................................................... 14 3.3 Research Design ......................................................................................................................... 16 4. -
Interagency Journal Vol
Vol. 9 No. 1 2018 Arthur D. Simons Center for Interagency Cooperation, Fort Leavenworth, Kansas FEATURES | 1 About The Simons Center The Arthur D. Simons Center for Interagency Cooperation is a major program of the Command and General Staff College Foundation, Inc. The Simons Center is committed to the development of military leaders with interagency operational skills and an interagency body of knowledge that facilitates broader and more effective cooperation and policy implementation. About the CGSC Foundation The Command and General Staff College Foundation, Inc., was established on December 28, 2005 as a tax-exempt, non-profit educational foundation that provides resources and support to the U.S. Army Command and General Staff College in the development of tomorrow’s military leaders. The CGSC Foundation helps to advance the profession of military art and science by promoting the welfare and enhancing the prestigious educational programs of the CGSC. The CGSC Foundation supports the College’s many areas of focus by providing financial and research support for major programs such as the Simons Center, symposia, conferences, and lectures, as well as funding and organizing community outreach activities that help connect the American public to their Army. All Simons Center works are published by the “CGSC Foundation Press.” The CGSC Foundation is an equal opportunity provider. InterAgency Journal Vol. 9, No. 1 (2018) FEATURES U.S. Northern Command Arthur D. Simons Center 5 for Interagency Cooperation Counterterrorism Response Force Requirement The Lewis and Clark Center Matthew D. Bartels 100 Stimson Ave., Suite 1149 Fort Leavenworth, Kansas 66027 Ph: 913-682-7244 • Fax: 913-682-7247 Partnering to End Corruption Email: [email protected] 28 www.TheSimonsCenter.org through Security Cooperation and Defense Institution Building Adam Bushey EDITOR-IN-CHIEF Roderick M. -
RADICAL ISLAM Anthology”
RADICALRADICAL ISLAMISLAM ANTHOLOGYANTHOLOGY October 2018 Published in 2018 by The Henry Jackson Society The Henry Jackson Society Millbank Tower 21-24 Millbank London SW1P 4QP Registered charity no. 1140489 Tel: +44 (0)20 7340 4520 www.henryjacksonsociety.org © The Henry Jackson Society, 2018. All rights reserved. The following publication is a compilation of contributions from a multinational array of speakers who attended the Radical Islam Conference hosted by the Henry Jackson Society on the 6th and 7th of December 2017. Essays have been edited for consistency as well as for fluency in the English language. The views expressed in this publication are those of the authors and are not necessarily indicative of those of The Henry Jackson Society or its Trustees. Title: “RADICAL ISLAM AnTHoLogy” ISBn: 978-1-909035-49-2 £9.95 where sold Cover Photo: optimarc/Shuttersto ck.com RADICAL ISLAM ANTHOLOGY RADICAL ISLAM AnTHoLogy About CRT at The Henry Jackson Society The Centre for the Response to Radicalisation and Terrorism (CRT) is unique in addressing violent and non-violent extremism. By coupling high-quality, in-depth research with targeted and impactful policy recommendations, we aim to combat the threat of radicalisation and terrorism in our society. The Henry Jackson Society is a think-tank and policy-shaping force that fights for the principles and alliances that keep societies free, working across borders and party lines to combat extremism, advance democracy and real human rights, and make a stand in an increasingly uncertain world. The Henry Jackson Society is a company limited by guarantee registered in England and Wales under company number 07465741 and a charity registered in England and Wales under registered charity number 1140489. -
Terrorism and the Media a Multi-Country Study of the Media Coverage of ISIS and the Influence of Geographic Proximity
Terrorism and the media A multi-country study of the media coverage of ISIS and the influence of geographic proximity Ioli-Nektaria Taktikou s1689207 August 11th, 2016 Master thesis: MSc Crisis and Security Management Faculty of Governance and Global Affairs Leiden University Thesis supervisor: Dr. C.W. Hijzen Second reader: Prof. E. Bakker Table of contents TABLE OF CONTENTS ……………………………………………………………..1 LIST OF TABLES ...………………..……………………………….…………….…2 1. INTRODUCTION …………………………………………….……………………3 2. BODY OF LITERATURE ……….………...………………………………………7 2.1. ISIS …………………………………………………………………….…7 2.2. Media and terrorism…………………………………..…………………12 2.3. Media, geographic proximity and terrorist attacks ……………….…….19 3. RESEARCH DESIGN ……………………………………………………………25 3.1. Operationalization ………………………………………………………25 3.2. Research type, methods & variables ……………………………………26 3.3. Case selection …………………………………………………………...28 3.4. Unit of analysis & Unit of observation …………………………………29 3.5. Data collection methods ……………………………………………...…29 4. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY …………………………………………………31 4.1. Quantitative media content analysis ……………………………….……31 4.2. Time Span & Data collection ………………………………………...…33 4.3. Variables of media content analysis ………………………………….…34 4.4. Coding scheme explanation ………………………………………….…35 4.5. Use of SPSS …………………………………………………………….43 4.6. Intercoder reliability check ……………………………………….……..44 5. RESULTS ………………………………………………………………………….45 6. DISCUSSION …………………………………………………………………….52 7. CONCLUSION …………………………………………………………………...69 8. REFERENCES ……………………………………………………………………74 -
Armed to Kill a Comprehensive Analysis of the Guns Used in Public Mass Shootings in Europe Between 2009 and 2018
REPORT Armed To Kill A comprehensive analysis of the guns used in public mass shootings in Europe between 2009 and 2018 Nils Duquet Nino Kbiltsetskhlashvili Isthiaq Khan The Flemish Peace Institute is an independent institute dedicated Eric Woods to peace research and hosted by the Flemish Parliament. REPORT Armed to Kill A comprehensive analysis of the guns used in public mass shootings in Europe between 2009 and 2018 Colophon Armed to kill A comprehensive analysis of the guns used in public mass shootings in Europe between 2009 and 2018 ISBN 9789078864974 © Flemish Peace Institute, Brussels, 3 October 2019 Authors Nils Duquet, Nino Kbiltsetskhlashvili, Isthiaq Khan & Eric Woods Final Editing Alex Potter Lay-out Karakters Printing Artoos Introduction Disclaimer While the Flemish Peace Institute has exercised the utmost care in the redaction of this report, it cannot be deemed or held liable for possible mistakes or oversights with regard to completeness. At the same time, the Institute shall not assume any form of liability for the use that a reader may make of this document. 2 \ 79 Table of contents 1 Introduction 4 2 Methodological framework 7 2.1 Definition and scope 7 2.2 Data collection 8 3 Case studies of public mass shootings 11 3.1 Winnenden (Germany, March 2009) 12 3.2 Espoo (Finland, December 2009) 13 3.3 Cumbria (United Kingdom, June 2010) 14 3.4 Devínska Nová Ves (Slovakia, August 2010) 15 3.5 Alphen aan den Rijn (The Netherlands, April 2011) 16 3.6 Utøya (Norway, July 2011) 18 3.7 Liège (Belgium, December 2011) 21 3.8 Toulouse-Montauban -
D3.3 Progress Report on Hard and Soft Mitigations 1.00
Ref. Ares(2018)1769124 - 03/04/2018 Title: Document Version: D3.3 Progress report on hard and soft mitigations 1.00 Project Number: Project Acronym: Project Title: H2020-740466 LETSCROWD Law Enforcement agencies human factor methods and Toolkit for the Security and protection of CROWDs in mass gatherings Contractual Delivery Date: Actual Delivery Date: Deliverable Type*-Security*: M11 (March 2018) M11 (March 2018) R-PU *Type: P: Prototype; R: Report; D: Demonstrator; O: Other. **Security Class: PU: Public; PP: Restricted to other programme participants (including the Commission); RE: Restricted to a group defined by the consortium (including the Commission); CO: Confidential, only for members of the consortium (including the Commission). Responsible: Organisation: Contributing WP: Alberto Pasquini Deep Blue WP3 Authors (organisation): A. Pasquini, A. Golfetti, S. Giorgi (Deep Blue); P. Townsend (CROWD); A. Ruiz Temina (ETRA); C. Dambra (PROPRS); Y. Alon, C. Graf (RAILSEC); A. Cuesta (UC) Abstract: This document is the first version of the report on soft and hard mitigation measures. It identifies and describes soft and hard mitigations usable to mitigate the vulnerabilities and threats identified in Task 3.2 and reported in D3.2. It will be the basis for the deliverable D3.7. Keywords: Mass gathering, risk management, risk treatment, mitigations, effects on frequency and severity, security threats © LETSCROWD Consortium http://letscrowd.eu/ Law Enforcement agencies human factor methods and Toolkit for the Security and protection of CROWDs in mass gatherings Revision History Revision Date Description Author (Organisation) V0.1 15.02.2018 D3.3 Table of Content A. Pasquini (DBL) V0.02 21.02.2018 Revised D3.3 ToC A.