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The John U. Nef Committee on Social Thought 1
The John U. Nef Committee on Social Thought 1 The John U. Nef Committee on Social Thought Department Website: http://socialthought.uchicago.edu Chair • Robert Pippin Professors • Lorraine Daston • Wendy Doniger • Joel Isaac • Hans Joas • Gabriel Lear • Jonathan Lear • Jonathan Levy • Jean Luc Marion • Heinrich Meier • Glenn W. Most • David Nirenberg • Thomas Pavel • Mark Payne • Robert B. Pippin • Jennifer Pitts • Andrei Pop • Haun Saussy • Laura Slatkin • Nathan Tarcov • Rosanna Warren • David Wellbery Emeriti • Wendy Doniger • Leon Kass • Joel Kraemer • Ralph Lerner • James M. Redfield • David Tracy About the Committee The John U. Nef Committee on Social Thought was established as a degree granting body in 1941 by the historian John U. Nef (1899-1988), with the assistance of the economist Frank Knight, the anthropologist Robert Redfield, and Robert M. Hutchins, then President of the University. The Committee is a group of diverse scholars sharing a common concern for the unity of the human sciences. Their premises were that the serious study of any academic topic, or of any philosophical or literary work, is best prepared for by a wide and deep acquaintance with the fundamental issues presupposed in all such studies, that students should learn about these issues by acquainting themselves with a select number of classic ancient and modern texts in an inter- disciplinary atmosphere, and should only then concentrate on a specific dissertation topic. It accepts qualified graduate students seeking to pursue their particular studies within this broader context, and aims both to teach precision of scholarship and to foster awareness of the permanent questions at the origin of all learned inquiry. -
Cihannüma TARİH VE COĞRAFYA ARAŞTIRMALARI DERGİSİ JOURNAL of HISTORY and GEOGRAPHY STUDIES
Cihannüma TARİH VE COĞRAFYA ARAŞTIRMALARI DERGİSİ JOURNAL OF HISTORY AND GEOGRAPHY STUDIES CİLT / VOLUME II SAYI / ISSUE 2 Aralık / December 2016 İZMİR KÂTİP ÇELEBİ ÜNİVERSİTESİ SOSYAL VE BEŞERİ BİLİMLER FAKÜLTESİ Cihannüma TARİH VE COĞRAFYA ARAŞTIRMALARI DERGİSİ JOURNAL OF HISTORY AND GEOGRAPHY STUDIES Sahibi/Owner İzmir Kâtip Çelebi Üniversitesi Sosyal ve Beşeri Bilimler Fakültesi adına Prof. Dr. Turan GÖKÇE Editörler / Editors Doç. Dr. Cahit TELCİ Yrd. Doç. Dr. Beycan HOCAOĞLU Sorumlu Yazı İşleri Müdürü / Responsible Editor Yrd. Doç. Dr. Beycan HOCAOĞLU Yayın Kurulu / Editorial Board Prof. Dr. Turan GÖKÇE Prof. Dr. Levent KAYAPINAR Prof. Dr. Çiğdem ÜNAL Prof. Dr. Ayşe KAYAPINAR Prof. Dr. Yusuf AYÖNÜ Doç. Dr. Özer KÜPELİ Yrd. Doç. Dr. İrfan KOKDAŞ Yrd. Doç. Dr. Nilgün Nurhan KARA Yrd. Doç. Dr. Beycan HOCAOĞLU Yrd. Doç. Dr. Haydar YALÇIN Yayın Türü / Publication Type Hakemli Süreli yayın / Peer-reviewed Periodicals Yazışma Adresi / CorrespondingAddress İzmir Kâtip Çelebi Üniversitesi Sosyal ve Beşeri Bilimler Fakültesi, Balatçık-Çiğli/İzmir Tel: +90(232) 329 35 35-8508 Faks: +90(232) 329 35 19 Basımevi / Publishing House Meta Basım Matbaacılık Hizmetleri 87 sk. No:4/A Bornova/İzmir ISSN 2149-0678 Basım Tarihi / Publication Date Aralık / December 2016 Yılda iki sayı yayımlanan hakemli bir dergidir / Peer-reviewed journal published twice a year Yazıların yayın hakkı İzmir Kâtip Çelebi Üniversitesi’nindir / Copyright © by Izmir Katip Celebi University Cihannüma TARİH VE COĞRAFYA ARAŞTIRMALARI DERGİSİ JOURNAL OF HISTORY AND GEOGRAPHY STUDIES Danışma – Hakem Kurulu / Advisory – Referee Board Prof. Dr. Kezban ACAR Manisa Celal Bayar Üniversitesi Prof. Dr. Muhsin AKBAŞ İzmir Kâtip Çelebi Üniversitesi Prof. Dr. Kemal BEYDİLLİ 29 Mayıs Üniversitesi Prof. -
The Berber Identity: a Double Helix of Islam and War by Alvin Okoreeh
The Berber Identity: A Double Helix of Islam and War By Alvin Okoreeh Mezquita de Córdoba, Interior. Muslim Spain is characterized by a myriad of sophisticated and complex dynamics that invariably draw from a foundation rooted in an ethnically diverse populace made up of Arabs, Berbers, muwalladun, Mozarebs, Jews, and Christians. According to most scholars, the overriding theme for this period in the Iberian Peninsula is an unprecedented level of tolerance. The actual level of tolerance experienced by its inhabitants is debatable and relative to time, however, commensurate with the idea of tolerance is the premise that each of the aforementioned groups was able to leave a distinct mark on the era of Muslim dominance in Spain. The Arabs, with longstanding ties to supremacy in Damascus and Baghdad exercised authority as the conqueror and imbued al-Andalus with culture and learning until the fall of the caliphate in 1031. The Berbers were at times allies with the Arabs and Christians, were often enemies with everyone on the Iberian Peninsula, and in the times of the taifas, Almoravid and Almohad dynasties, were the rulers of al-Andalus. The muwalladun, subjugated by Arab perceptions of a dubious conversion to Islam, were mired in compulsory ineptitude under the pretense that their conversion to Islam would yield a more prosperous life. The Mozarebs and Jews, referred to as “people of the book,” experienced a wide spectrum of societal conditions ranging from prosperity to withering persecution. This paper will argue that the Berbers, by virtue of cultural assimilation and an identity forged by militant aggressiveness and religious zealotry, were the most influential ethno-religious group in Muslim Spain from the time of the initial Muslim conquest of Spain by Berber-led Umayyad forces to the last vestige of Muslim dominance in Spain during the time of the Almohads. -
Ebook As Diasporas Dos Judeus E Cristaos.Pdf
As Diásporas dos Judeus e Cristãos- -Novos de Origem Ibérica entre o Mar Mediterrâneo e o Oceano Atlântico. Estudos ORGANIZAÇÃO : José Alberto R. Silva Tavim Hugo Martins Ana Pereira Ferreira Ângela Sofia Benoliel Coutinho Miguel Andrade Lisboa Centro de História da Universidade de Lisboa 2020 Título As Diásporas dos Judeus e Cristãos-Novos de Origem Ibérica entre o Mar Mediterrâneo e o Oceano Atlântico. Estudos Organização José Alberto R. Silva Tavim, Hugo Martins, Ana Pereira Ferreira, Ângela Sofia Benoliel Coutinho e Miguel Andrade Revisão André Morgado Comissão científica Ana Isabel Lopez-Salazar Codes (U. Complutense de Madrid), Anat Falbel (U. Federal do Rio de Janeiro), Ângela Domingues (U. Lisboa), Beatriz Kushnir (Directora, Arq. Geral da Cidade do Rio de Janeiro), Blanca de Lima (U. Francisco de Miranda, Coro; Acad. Nac. de la Historia-Capítulo Falcón, Venezuela), Claude B. Stuczynski (Bar-Ilan U.), Cynthia Michelle Seton-Rogers (U. of Texas-Dallas), Daniel Strum (U. São Paulo), Daniela Levy (U. São Paulo), Edite Alberto (Dep. Património Cultural/C. M. Lisboa; CHAM, FCSH-UNL), Elvira Azevedo Mea (U. Porto), Eugénia Rodrigues (U. Lisboa), Hernán Matzkevich (U. Purdue), Joelle Rachel Rouchou (Fund. Casa de Rui Barbosa, Rio de Janeiro), Jorun Poettering (Harvard U.), Maria Augusta Lima Cruz (ICS-U. do Minho; CHAM, FCSH, UNL), Maria Manuel Torrão (U. Lisboa), Moisés Orfali (Bar-Ilan U.), Nancy Rozenchan (U. de São Paulo), Palmira Fontes da Costa (U. Nova de Lisboa), Timothy D. Walker (U. Massachusetts Dartmouth) e Zelinda Cohen (Inst. do Património Cultural, Cabo Verde) Capa Belmonte, com Sinagoga Bet Eliahu. Fotografia de José Alberto R. -
International Human Rights Instruments
UNITED NATIONS HRI International Distr. GENERAL Human Rights HRI/CORE/1/Add.46 Instruments 8 June 1994 ENGLISH Original: FRENCH CORE DOCUMENT FORMING PART OF THE REPORTS OF STATES PARTIES TUNISIA [16 May 1994] TABLE OF CONTENTS Paragraphs Page I. LAND AND PEOPLE ................... 1- 46 2 A. Geographical and historical data......... 1- 23 2 B. Demographic and economic data .......... 24- 46 6 II. GENERAL POLITICAL STRUCTURE ............. 47- 77 10 A. Overall political development .......... 47- 58 10 B. Current constitutional and legal framework.... 59- 77 11 III. GENERAL FRAMEWORK WITHIN WHICH HUMAN RIGHTS ARE PROTECTED .................... 78-106 17 A. Political and administrative organs competent in the field of human rights .......... 78- 80 17 B. The judicial bodies responsible for the protection of human rights............ 81- 93 17 C. Other institutions and organs responsible for monitoring respect for human rights ....... 94-103 19 D. Supremacy of international conventions over internal legislation and their direct enforcement in Tunisia.............. 104-106 21 IV. INFORMATION AND PUBLICITY .............. 107-118 23 GE.94-17521 (E) HRI/CORE/1/Add.46 page 2 I. LAND AND PEOPLE A. Geographical and historical data 1. Tunisia occupies a privileged position at the heart of the Mediterranean. Its relief is varied, with snow-covered mountains in winter, a sandy desert in the south and several hundred kilometres of sandy beaches along its coast. It has a temperate climate. It is located in the extreme north-east of Africa, between 37 and 30 degrees north, and is 164,150 square kilometres in area. Its coasts, which are washed by the Mediterranean to the north and east, are over 1,300 km long. -
The Islamic Legacy of Spain Dr
© 2006 Deveny 1 The Islamic Legacy of Spain Dr. Thomas Deveny, McDaniel College Islam in Spain National Geographic: what was the most important city in the world in the year 1000? “Spain is Different” (or: “Europe ends at the Pyrenees”) Geography: Al-Andalus Córdoba Sevilla Granada (Toledo, etc.) History: Islamic Presence: 711-1492 and beyond Spain at the beginning of the eighth century; the invasion Córdoba: Umayyad Emirate (756-929): Abd ar-Rahman “The Immigrant” Umayyad Caliphate (929-1031): Abd ar-Rahman III (Medina az-Zahra) Al-Mansur: “aceifas” Sevilla: Taifa Kingdoms (1031-1090) Hispano-Muslim , Berber, Slavs; Toledo reconquered: 1085 The Almohavids and Almohads (1090-1212): Berber reform movements Granada: Nasrid Dynasty Muhammed ibn Nasr: Coexistence: Mozárabes, mudéjares; moriscos Alfonso X (1221-1284): school of translators in Toledo Edict of expulsión: 1609 Art and Architecture Architectural features: arches, alfiz, ajimez, mocárabes, azulejos Córdoba: Great Mosque; Medina az-Zahra Sevilla: Giralda, Almorávid walls, etc. Granada: Alhambra, Generalife Toledo, Málaga, Valencia, Zaragoza, Teruel, etc. Agriculture The Green Revolution Scientific Legacy Mathematics: numeric system Translations of Euclides “Las Tablas” Optics Astronomy © 2006 Deveny 2 Cultural Legacy Philosophy Ibn Rushd (Averroes) Maimómedes Poetry Jarchas Ibn Hasm: The Ring of the Dove History Ibn Jaldún Daily Life Language Customs Exhibits, web sites Language Administration: aduana, alcalde, Science:álgebra, cenit, cifra Home: almohada, alfombra, taza Agriculture: -
11 Was There Race Before Modernity? the Example of 'Jewish' Blood in Late Medieval Spain
C:/ITOOLS/WMS/CUP/240824/WORKINGFOLDER/ELI/9780521888554C11.3D 232 [232–264] 26.2.2009 2:30PM 11 Was there race before modernity? The example of ‘Jewish’ blood in late medieval Spain David Nirenberg What is known as the history of concepts is really a history either of our knowledge of concepts or of the meaning of words. Gottlob Frege, Die Grundlagen der Arithmetik, vii. Less than a lifetime ago many scholars agreed that racial concepts offered reasonable explanations for the differences they perceived between certain human populations. That consensus extended, not only to such “colour” distinctions as those between “white” European and “black” sub-Saharan African, but also to less chromatic classifications such as “Indo-European” and “Semite.” It extended backward in time, as well. In the nineteenth century, for example, the most eminent historians did not hesitate to describe medieval and early-modern conflicts between Christians and Jews (or Muslims) as racial. Today the situation has so reversed itself so that no scholar of any stripe or period can strip the word “race” of its scare- quotes without inviting polemic. It is not difficult to find the turning point in the fate of race as theory. It came at mid-twentieth century, with the German National Socialists’ implementation of an explicitly racial ideology that culminated in the extermination of millions of members of those races deemed most danger- ous or degenerate. Opponents of fascism often pointed critically to the brutality of Nazi racial policies, even if they made relatively little effort to help the victims of those policies, and this critique in turn strengthened the arguments of those who sought to challenge the authority of racial ideologies in the countries and colonies of the eventual Allies. -
THE REIGN of AL-IHAKIM Bl AMR ALLAH ‘(386/996 - 41\ / \ Q 2 \ % "A POLITICAL STUDY"
THE REIGN OF AL-IHAKIM Bl AMR ALLAH ‘(386/996 - 41\ / \ Q 2 \ % "A POLITICAL STUDY" by SADEK ISMAIL ASSAAD Thesis submitted for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the University of London May 1971 ProQuest Number: 10672922 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a com plete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. uest ProQuest 10672922 Published by ProQuest LLC(2017). Copyright of the Dissertation is held by the Author. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States C ode Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. ProQuest LLC. 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106- 1346 ABSTRACT The present thesis is a political study of the reign of al-Hakim Bi Amr Allah the sixth Fatimid Imam-Caliph who ruled between 386-411/ 996-1021. It consists of a note on the sources and seven chapters. The first chapter is a biographical review of al-Hakim's person. It introduces a history of his birth, childhood, succession to the Caliphate, his education and private life and it examines the contradiction in the sources concerning his character. Chapter II discusses the problems which al-Hakim inherited from the previous rule and examines their impact on the political life of his State. Chapter III introduces the administration of the internal affairs of the State. -
The History of Slavery Covers Slave Systems in Historical Perspective In
The history of slavery covers slave systems in historical perspective in which one human being is legally the property of another, can be bought or sold, is not allowed to escape and must work for the owner without any choice involved. As Drescher (2009) argues, "The most crucial and frequently utilized aspect of the condition is a communally recognized right by some individuals to possess, buy, sell, discipline, transport, liberate, or otherwise dispose of the bodies and behavior of other individuals."[1] An integral element is that children of a slave mother automatically become slaves.[2] It does not include historical forced labor by prisoners, labor camps, or other forms of unfree labor in which laborers are not considered property. Slavery can be traced back to the earliest records, such as the Code of Hammurabi (c. 1760 BC), which refers to it as an established institution.[3] Slavery is rare among hunter-gatherer populations as slavery depends on a system of social stratification. Slavery typically also requires a shortage of labor and a surplus of land to be viable.[4] David P. Forsythe wrote: "The fact remained that at the beginning of the nineteenth century an estimated three-quarters of all people alive were trapped in bondage against their will either in some form of slavery or serfdom."[5] Slavery is no longer legal anywhere in the world.[6] Mauritania abolished it in law in 1981[7] and was the last country to do so – see Abolition of slavery timeline. However, the number of slaves today is higher than at any point in history,[8] -
Commercial Relations Between Arabs-And Slavs
Ahmad Nazmi COMMERCIAL RELATIONS BETWEEN ARABS-AND SLAVS (9th—11th centuries) Wydawnictwo Akademickie DIALOG X Warszawa 1998 Contents Preface 9 Survey of sources 14 Geographical sources 14 Travellers 38 History and chronicles 43 Other sources 45 Chapter one: The world of commerce 47 Islamic component in the realm of trade 47 Commercial world of the Mediterranean 54 Economic competition between the two powers—contradiction between two policies 60 The Khazar—Arab conflict 65 Chapter two: Arabic knowledge of the Slavs (as-Saqaliba) 74 The term "Saqaliba"—its meaning and etymology 74 The question of the Saqaliba in Muslim Spain 77 Geographical location of the Saqaliba (Saqlaba) 80 Peoples affiliated withor related to the Slavs 89 1. The Rus/ Ar-Rusiya 89 2. The Bulgar 101 Chapter three: The middlemen of trade 114 1. Jewish merchants 114 The Jewish communities 114 Radanites 121 The Khazar merchants ( 129 2. The Rus merchants 139 3. The Bulgar merchants 151 Geographical location of the town of Bulgar 158 4. Muslim merchants 164 Chapter four: Commercial exchange and trading commodities 183 1. Slave trade 183 System of slavery in the Muslim society 183 The origin of the slaves in the caliphate 184 Slave hunters 186 Mediators and brokers 189 Muslim slave markets 191 2. Fur trade 198 3. Other commodities 203 Chapter five: Trade routes 211 Northern routes 212 Axial routes 217 Samkirs 218 Tmutarkan (Matarha ) 220 Sarkel " '. 221 Chapter six: The monetary question 225 The monetary question in the caliphate 225 Sources of precious metals 229 The monetary question in European region 235 Conclusion 243 Annexes 253 Revenues of he caliphate at the beginning of the ninth century AD according to the list of Al-Gahsiyarl 253 Dates of the principal authors and sources 256 Fig. -
Mozarab Perseverance of Identity and Faith Amid Islam by Stephen Chappell
Mozarab Perseverance of Identity and Faith Amid Islam By Stephen Chappell During the centuries of Muslim rule in medieval Spain most Christians converted to Islam. The vast majority of citizens living in al-Andalus became Muslim within a century of their invasion. But unlike in other Muslim conquered lands, a notable amount of Christians did not convert. This paper will seek to demonstrate why the Mozarab Christians of al-Andalus did not convert to Islam during the centuries of Muslim rule and dominance of the Iberian Peninsula. Despite the inconveniences and persecutions that befell those who did not seek conversion, there continued existing a significant number of non-Muslims living in al-Andalus. The main reasons why Mozarabs did not convert to Islam included often negative treatment of non-Arab Muslims, the influence from Muslim leaders on Christian bishops, the teachings of Christian leaders and polemic writings from other Christians, how Islam and Mozarabs viewed each other, and the way they identified themselves within the multi-cultural peninsula. The historiography of Mozarabs in medieval Spain has shifted over time according to popular fields of study. Mozarabs, as Aaron Michael Moreno describes them, are “individuals who can be identified at a most basic level as Christians with lineal roots in al-Andalus.”[1] Mozarabs defined under the current historiography are the descendants of the culturally Arabicizing Christians of al-Andalus.[2] In the late nineteenth and early twentieth century, Spain’s search for historical identity led historians to identify Mozarabs as the “candle bearers” of Spanish Catholic faith, which held strong under the Muslim conquest of the peninsula in 711. -
1 SPANISH HISTORIOGRAPHY on the QUESTION of RACE, 1940S-2010: HOW HAVE HISTORIANS APPROACHED PURITY of BLOOD? by Fernanda Quinta
Spanish Historiography on the Question of Race, 1940s-2010: How Have Historians Approached Purity of Blood? Item Type text; Electronic Thesis Authors Quintanilla, Fernando Publisher The University of Arizona. Rights Copyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction or presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author. Download date 25/09/2021 11:26:20 Item License http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/ Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10150/271939 1 SPANISH HISTORIOGRAPHY ON THE QUESTION OF RACE, 1940s-2010: HOW HAVE HISTORIANS APPROACHED PURITY OF BLOOD? By Fernanda Quintanilla ____________________ A Thesis Submitted to The Honors College In Partial Fulfillment of the Bachelor’s Degree With Honors in History THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA August 2012 Approved by: ________________________________________ _______________________ Dr. David Graizbord Date Department of History 2 STATEMENT BY AUTHOR This thesis has been submitted in partial fulfillment of requirements for a degree at The University of Arizona and is deposited in the University Library to be made available to borrow under rulers of the Library. Signed:______________________________________ 3 Abstract The concept of “purity of blood” in fifteenth and sixteenth century Iberia is one that has given rise to many historical interpretations throughout the decades. The way that race is conceptualized and understood by both the historians who interpret it, and by the society in which in functioned, has shaped the way in which modern historians have approached the study of race.