Mycobacterial Species As Case- Study of Comparative Genome Analysis
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Improving Diagnostic Strategies for Latent Tuberculosis Infection in Populations at Risk for Developing Active Disease
Improving diagnostic strategies for latent tuberculosis infection in populations at risk for developing active disease Laura Muñoz López Aquesta tesi doctoral està subjecta a la llicència Reconeixement 3.0. Espanya de Creative Commons. Esta tesis doctoral está sujeta a la licencia Reconocimiento 3.0. España de Creative Commons. This doctoral thesis is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0. Spain License. UNIVERSIDAD DE BARCELONA Facultad de Medicina IMPROVING DIAGNOSTIC STRATEGIES FOR LATENT TUBERCULOSIS INFECTION IN POPULATIONS AT RISK FOR DEVELOPING ACTIVE DISEASE Memoria presentada por LAURA MUÑOZ LOPEZ Para optar al grado de Doctor en Medicina Barcelona, marzo de 2017 El Dr. Miguel Santín, proFesor asociado de la Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad de Barcelona y Médico Adjunto del Servicio de EnFermedades InFecciosas del Hospital Universitario de Bellvitge, hace constar que la tesis titulada “Improving diagnostic strategies For latent tuberculosis infection in populations at risk for developing active disease” que presenta la licenciada Laura Muñoz, ha sido realizada bajo su dirección en el campus de Bellvitge de la Facultad de Medicina, la considera Finalizada y autoriza su presentación para que sea deFendida ante el tribunal que corresponda. En Barcelona, marzo de 2017 Dr. Miguel Santín A mis padres A mi gran Familia The research presented in this thesis has been carried out thanks to the Fondo de Investigaciones Sanitarias Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación Beca P-FIS 10/00443 AGRADECIMIENTOS Las primeras palabras de agradecimiento son sin duda para el director de esta tesis. Sin las ideas, horas de trabajo y paciencia de Miguel Santín ninguno de los estudios que componen esta tesis, ni por supuesto la propia tesis, hubiesen visto la luz. -
CHAPTER 104 an ACT Designating Streptomyces Griseus As the New
CHAPTER 104 AN ACT designating Streptomyces griseus as the New Jersey State Microbe and supplementing chapter 9A of Title 52 of the Revised Statutes. WHEREAS, Streptomyces griseus is a soil-based microorganism that was first discovered in New Jersey in 1916 by Dr. Selman Waksman and Dr. Roland Curtis; and WHEREAS, Soon after its discovery, the microbe drew international acclaim for its groundbreaking use as an antibiotic; and WHEREAS, In 1943, a research team from Rutgers University, led by Dr. Waksman with Albert Schatz and Elizabeth Bugie, used Streptomyces griseus to create streptomycin, the world’s first antibiotic for tuberculosis; and WHEREAS, The original discovery paper for streptomycin, entitled “Streptomycin, a Substance Exhibiting Antibiotic Activity Against Gram-Positive and Gram-Negative Bacteria,” was co- authored by Dr. Waksman, Dr. Schatz, and Elizabeth Bugie, and published in the Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine; and WHEREAS, After clinical trials showed that streptomycin cured ailing tuberculosis patients, Merck & Company, a New Jersey-based pharmaceutical company, quickly made the drug available to the public; and WHEREAS, Prior to this discovery, tuberculosis was one of the deadliest diseases in human history and the second leading cause of death in the United States; and WHEREAS, Within 10 years of streptomycin’s release, tuberculosis mortality rates in the U.S. fell to a historic low, with only 9.1 tuberculosis-related deaths per 100,000 people in 1955 compared to the rate of 194 deaths per 100,000 people in 1900; and WHEREAS, According to a June 1947 New York Times article, streptomycin had “become one of the two wonder drugs of medicine” and offered the “promise to save more lives than were lost in both World Wars”; and WHEREAS, Dr. -
Association of GUTB and Tubercular Inguinal Lymphadenopathy - a Rare Co-Occurrence
IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences (IOSR-JDMS) e-ISSN: 2279-0853, p-ISSN: 2279-0861.Volume 15, Issue 7 Ver. I (July 2016), PP 109-111 www.iosrjournals.org Association of GUTB and Tubercular inguinal lymphadenopathy - A rare co-occurrence. 1Hemant Kamal, 2Dr. Kirti Kshetrapal, 3Dr. Hans Raj Ranga 1Professor, Department of Urology & reconstructive surgery, PGIMS Rohtak-124001 (Haryana) Mobile- 9215650614 2Prof. Anaesthesia PGIMS Rohtak, 3Associate Prof. Surgery PGIMS Rohtak. Abstract : Here we present a rare combination of GUTB with B/L inguinal lymphadenopathy in a 55y old male patient presented with pain right flank , fever & significant weight loss for the last 3 months. Per abdomen examination revealed non-tender vague lump in right lumber region about 5x4cm dimensions , with B/L inguinal lymphadenopathy, firm, matted . Investigations revealed low haemoglobin count, high leucocytic & ESR count , urine for AFB was positive and ultrasound revealed small right renal & psoas abscess , which on subsequent start of ATT , got resolved and patient was symptomatically improved . I. Introduction Genitourinary tuberculosis (GUTB) is the second most common form of extrapulmonary tuberculosis after lymph node involvement [1]. Most studies in peripheral LNTB have described a female preponderance, while pulmonary TB is more common in adult males [2]. In approximately 28% of patients with GUTB, the involvement is solely genital [3]. However , the combination of GUTB and LNTB is rare condition. Most textbooks mention it only briefly. This report aims to present a case of GUTB with LNTB in a single patient. II. Case Report 55y male with no comorbidities , having pain right flank & fever X 3months. -
"Egg-Meat-Juice
dramatic ones fail. The practice of medicine is the per cent.) after the use of sulphuric acid only (25 study of life, and life is composed of little things, and per cent.), and 2 (10 per cent.) after counterstaining. these little things we cannot despise. It was a favorite Smears from the anterior urethra (fossa navicu- saying with the late Professor von Leyden: "For the laris) were made by Young and Churchman2 in 24 patient there are no small things." patients and smegma bacilli found in 11 (46 per cent.), 323 Geary Street. while of 6 patients, smegma bacilli were found in the urine of 5. The urine in the bladder at necropsy, or smears from the bladder wall, were negative in 50 THE SIGNIFICANCE OF TUBERCLE BACILLI cases. The posterior urethra was negative for smegma IN THE URINE bacilli in the 6 cases examined. This work led Young and Churchman2 to advise thorough cleansing of the LAWRASON BROWN, M.D. penis and rinsing with large quantities of water, as SARANAC LAKE, N. Y. well as careful irrigation of the anterior urethra. The The of tubercle bacilli in the urine urine they say should be passed in three glasses and significance may in or may not be grave. I shall consider it first, from the only the third used examination for tubercle bacilli. point of view of discovery of tubercle bacilli in the This technic, they believe, will fully exclude all routine examination of the urine of tuberculous smegma bacilli from the urine and acid- and alcohol- patients; and, secondly, from that of finding tubercle fast bacilli present can be considered tubercle bacilli. -
JMSCR Vol||05||Issue||04||Page 21191-21198||April 2017
JMSCR Vol||05||Issue||04||Page 21191-21198||April 2017 www.jmscr.igmpublication.org Impact Factor 5.84 Index Copernicus Value: 83.27 ISSN (e)-2347-176x ISSN (p) 2455-0450 DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.18535/jmscr/v5i4.230 Tuberculous Otitis Media: A Prospective Study Authors Dr Sudhir S Kadam1, Dr Geeta S Kadam2, Dr Jaydeep Pol3, Dr Sunil Khot4 1Associate Professor, Department of ENT, Government Medical College Miraj, Maharashrta 2Consulting Pathologist, Yashashri ENT hospital, Miraj, Maharashtra 3Consulting Pathologist, Deep Laboratory, Miraj 4Assistant Professor, Department of ENT, Government Medical College Miraj, Maharashrta Corresponding Author Dr Geeta S Kadam Consulting Pathologist, Yashashri ENT hospital, Miraj, Maharashtra Abstarct Background: Tuberculosis is a chronic granulomatous disease that can affect any part of the body. Being endemic in India tuberculosis must be included in the differential diagnosis of chronic otitis media not responding to usual antibiotics. The diagnosis is more likely in the setting of patients on immunosuppressive therapy, patients receiving steroids or patients with past or family history of tuberculosis. In many cases tuberculous otitis media is not diagnosed mainly because it is often not suspected. We conducted this disease to study the tubercular otitis media, its clinical features, examination findings, intra-operative appearance and for knowing up to what extent an early diagnosis and intervention could restore normal hearing in these patients. Aims and Objectives: To study the patients of tubercular otitis media and their clinical presentations, clinical examination, intraoperative findings and incidence of deafness in patients having tubercular otitis media. Material and Methods: This was a multi-centric prospective cohort study comprising of 60 patients who attended ENT department of a medical college and a well known ENT centre situated in an urban area. -
Indian Journal of Tuberculosis Published Quarterly by the Tuberculosis Association of India Vol
Registered with the Registrar of Newspapers of India under No. 655/57 Indian Journal of Tuberculosis Published quarterly by the Tuberculosis Association of India Vol. 57 : No. 2 April 2010 Editor-in-Chief Contents R.K. Srivastava EDITORIAL Editors M.M. Singh Expanding DOTS - New Strategies for TB Control? Lalit Kant - D. Behera 63 V.K. Arora Joint Editors ORIGINAL ARTICLES G.R. Khatri D. Behera Detection of circulating free and immune-complexed antigen in pulmonary tuberculosis using cocktail of Associate Editors antibodies to Mycobacterium tuberculosis excretory S.K. Sharma secretory antigens by peroxidase enzyme immunoassay L.S. Chauhan - Anindita Majumdar, Pranita D. Kamble and Ashok Shah B.C. Harinath 67 J.C. Suri V.K. Dhingra Can cord formation in BACTEC MGIT 960 medium be used Assistant Editor as a presumptive method for identification of M. K.K. Chopra tuberculosis complex? - Mugdha Kadam, Anupama Govekar, Shubhada Members Shenai, Meeta Sadani, Asmita Salvi, Anjali Shetty Banerji, D. and Camilla Rodrigues 75 Gupta, K.B. Katiyar, S.K. Randomized, double-blind study on role of low level Katoch, V.M. nitrogen laser therapy in treatment failure tubercular Kumar, Prahlad lymphadenopathy, sinuses and cold abscess Narang, P. - Ashok Bajpai, Nageen Kumar Jain, Sanjay Avashia Narayanan, P.R. and P.K. Gupta 80 Nishi Agarwal Status Report on RNTCP Paramasivan, C.N. 87 Puri, M.M. CASE REPORTS Radhakrishna, S. Raghunath, D. Pelvic Tuberculosis continues to be a disease of dilemma - Rai, S.P. Case series Rajendra Prasad - S. Chhabra, K. Saharan and D. Pohane 90 Sarin, Rohit Vijayan, V.K. Hypertrophic Tuberculosis of Vulva - A rare presentation of Wares, D.F. -
European Patent Office
(19) & (11) EP 2 177 209 A1 (12) EUROPEAN PATENT APPLICATION (43) Date of publication: (51) Int Cl.: 21.04.2010 Bulletin 2010/16 A61K 9/08 (2006.01) A61K 31/4709 (2006.01) A61P 31/04 (2006.01) (21) Application number: 08166910.3 (22) Date of filing: 17.10.2008 (84) Designated Contracting States: • Santos, Benjamin AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR 08014, Barcelona (ES) HR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC MT NL NO PL PT • Raga, Manuel RO SE SI SK TR 08024, Barcelona (ES) Designated Extension States: • Otero, Francisco AL BA MK RS 15865, Pedrouzos, Brion (A Coruna) (ES) • Tarruella, Marta (71) Applicant: Ferrer Internacional, S.A. 25214, Santa Fe d’Oluges (Lleida) (ES) 08028 Barcelona (ES) (74) Representative: Reitstötter - Kinzebach (72) Inventors: Patentanwälte • Tarrago, Cristina Sternwartstrasse 4 08950, Esplugues del Llobregat (ES) 81679 München (DE) (54) Intravenous solutions and uses (57) The invention relates to intravenous solutions comprising a desfluoroquinolone compound for use in bacterial infections, and processes for their preparation. EP 2 177 209 A1 Printed by Jouve, 75001 PARIS (FR) EP 2 177 209 A1 Description [0001] The present invention relates to intravenous solutions comprising a desfluoroquinolone compound for use in bacterial infections caused by various bacterial species, and processes for their preparation. 5 [0002] Desfluoroquinolone compound of formula (I) was firstly disclosed in US6335447 and equivalent patents. Its chemical name is 1-cyclopropyl-8-methyl-7-[5-methyl-6-(methylamino)-3-pyridinyl]-4-oxo-1,4-dihydro-3-quinolinecar- boxylic acid, and the INN ozenoxacin has been assigned by the WHO. -
Selman Waksman and Antibiotics Selman Waksman and Antibiotics
You are here: » American Chemical Society » Education » Explore Chemistry » Chemical Landmarks » Selman Waksman and Antibiotics Selman Waksman and Antibiotics National Historic Chemical Landmark Dedicated May 24, 2005, at Rutgers The State University of New Jersey. Commemorative Booklet (PDF) Waksman and his students, in their laboratory at Rutgers University, established the first screening protocols to detect antimicrobial agents produced by microorganisms. This deliberate search for chemotherapeutic agents contrasts with the discovery of penicillin, which came through a chance observation by Alexander Fleming, who noted that a mold contaminant on a Petri dish culture had inhibited the growth of a bacterial pathogen. During the 1940s, Waksman and his students isolated more than fifteen antibiotics, the most famous of which was streptomycin, the first effective treatment for tuberculosis. Contents Selman Waksman’s Early Years Waksman Moves to America Waksman’s Research on Actinomycetes, and the Search for Antibiotics The Trials of Streptomycin Bringing Streptomycin to Market Controversy over the Discovery of Streptomycin Selman Waksman’s Later Years Research Notes and Further Reading Landmark Designation and Acknowledgments Cite this Page “Selman Waksman and Antibiotics” commemorative booklet produced by the National Historic Chemical Landmarks program of the American Chemical Society in 2005 (PDF). "The Lord hath created medicines out of the earth; and he that is wise will not abhor them." — Ecclesiasticus, xxxviii, 41 Selman Waksman’s Early Life Selman Waksman called his autobiography My Life with the Microbes. That is also the title of the first chapter of the book, which begins "I have devoted my life to the study of microbes, those infinitesimal forms of life which play such important roles in the life of man, animals, and plants. -
Urogenital Tuberculosis — Epidemiology, Pathogenesis and Clinical Features
REVIEWS Urogenital tuberculosis — epidemiology, pathogenesis and clinical features Asif Muneer1, Bruce Macrae2, Sriram Krishnamoorthy3 and Alimuddin Zumla2,4,5* Abstract | Tuberculosis (TB) is the most common cause of death from infectious disease worldwide. A substantial proportion of patients presenting with extrapulmonary TB have urogenital TB (UG-TB), which can easily be overlooked owing to non-specific symptoms, chronic and cryptic protean clinical manifestations, and lack of clinician awareness of the possibility of TB. Delay in diagnosis results in disease progression, irreversible tissue and organ damage and chronic renal failure. UG-TB can manifest with acute or chronic inflammation of the urinary or genital tract, abdominal pain, abdominal mass, obstructive uropathy, infertility, menstrual irregularities and abnormal renal function tests. Advanced UG-TB can cause renal scarring, distortion of renal calyces and pelvic, ureteric strictures, stenosis, urinary outflow tract obstruction, hydroureter, hydronephrosis, renal failure and reduced bladder capacity. The specific diagnosis of UG-TB is achieved by culturing Mycobacterium tuberculosis from an appropriate clinical sample or by DNA identification. Imaging can aid in localizing site, extent and effect of the disease, obtaining tissue samples for diagnosis, planning medical or surgical management, and monitoring response to treatment. Drug-sensitive TB requires 6–9 months of WHO-recommended standard treatment regimens. Drug-resistant TB requires 12–24 months of therapy with toxic drugs with close monitoring. Surgical intervention as an adjunct to medical drug treatment is required in certain circumstances. Current challenges in UG-TB management include making an early diagnosis, raising clinical awareness, developing rapid and sensitive TB diagnostics tests, and improving treatment outcomes. -
Thesis a Derivatization Protocol for Mycolic Acids
THESIS A DERIVATIZATION PROTOCOL FOR MYCOLIC ACIDS DETECTION USING LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY/MASS SPECTROMETRY Submitted by Paulina Zurita Urrea Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology In partial fulfillment of the requirements For the Degree of Master of Science Colorado State University Fort Collins, Colorado Fall 2012 Master‘s Committee: Advisor: John T. Belisle Robert Jones Mo Salman ABSTRACT A DERIVATIZATION PROTOCOL FOR MYCOLIC ACIDS DETECTION USING LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY/MASS SPECTROMETRY New tools for the diagnosis and control of Tuberculosis are major challenges. In this context the use of biomarkers can be applied for detecting characteristic signatures from the tuberculosis-infected host and the pathogen. Mycolic acids are considered as a hallmark of the Mycobacterium genus being abundant in the mycobacterial cell wall. In this study a derivatization protocol was tested to enhance the detection of mycolic acid after the attachment of a quaternary amine and analysis of the derivatized products in the positive ionization mode with liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry. Three groups were considered i) mycolic acid standard ii) human urine spiked with mycolic acid standard, and iii) human serum spiked with mycolic acid standard. Each group included the analysis of a set of non- derivatized mycolic acids in positive and negative ionization mode, and derivatized mycolic acids in positive mode. The derivatization process applied to the mycolic acid standard and to the urine samples spiked with mycolic did not improve the ion volume value compared to the respective non-derivatized samples. Serum samples, however, showed a significant enhancement in the ion volume of the different mycolic acids analyzed compared to the non-derivatized serum samples (α=0.05). -
Streptomycin: Discovery and Resultant Controversy Author(S): Milton Wainwright Source: History and Philosophy of the Life Sciences, Vol
Streptomycin: Discovery and Resultant Controversy Author(s): Milton Wainwright Source: History and Philosophy of the Life Sciences, Vol. 13, No. 1 (1991), pp. 97-124 Published by: Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn - Napoli Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/23330620 Accessed: 17-06-2015 13:54 UTC REFERENCES Linked references are available on JSTOR for this article: http://www.jstor.org/stable/23330620?seq=1&cid=pdf-reference#references_tab_contents You may need to log in to JSTOR to access the linked references. Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at http://www.jstor.org/page/ info/about/policies/terms.jsp JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]. Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn - Napoli is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to History and Philosophy of the Life Sciences. http://www.jstor.org This content downloaded from 143.167.67.179 on Wed, 17 Jun 2015 13:54:00 UTC All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions Hist. Phil. Life Sei., 13 (1991), 97-124 Streptomycin: Discovery and Resultant Controversy Milton Wainwright Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN, England - Abstract The antibiotic streptomycin was discovered soon after penicillin was introduced into medicine. Selman Waksman, who was awarded the Nobel Prize for the discovery, has since generally been credited as streptomycin's sole discoverer. -
Siegenthaler, Differential Diagnosis in Internal Medicine (ISBN9783131421418), © 2007 Georg Thieme Verlag Index
Index Notes: Please note that entries in bold and italics represent tables and figures respectively A parapharyngeal space, 479 acromegaly, 81, 82, 743−744 acute renal failure (ARF), 852−857 spleen, 151 hands, 90 angiography, 854 Abciximab, thrombocytopenia, teeth, 212 hypertension, 738 causes, 853 459 tuberculous paravertebral, skin changes, 66 classification, 852 abdomen 597−599 ACTH-dependent Cushing definition, 852 acute see acute abdomen absolute pupillary areflexia, 97 syndrome, 742 diagnostic procedure, 855−857 angina, mesenteric infarction, Abt−Letterer−Siwe disease, 445 ACTH-independent Cushing blood analysis, 856 266 Acanthamoeba infection, syndrome, 742−743 glomerular filtration rate, 855 blood vessels, polyarteritis meningitis, 135 Actinomyces infection see main laboratory nodosa, 179 acanthocytes actinomycosis investigations, 856 pain see abdominal pain liver cirrhosis, 398 Actinomyces israelii, 131 physical examination, physical examination, 30−31 urinary sediment analysis, 847, actinomycosis, 71, 526 855−856 pleural effusion, 248 848 neck swelling, 131 radiologic examinations, 857 ultrasound, secondary acanthocytosis, 417 activated partial thromboplastin renal biopsy, 857 hypertension, 733 acanthosis nigricans, 55, 55 time (aPTT), 452, 1052−1053 urinalysis, 856 abdominal organs, nervous accelerated junctional rhythms, acute abdomen, 257−259 differential diagnosis, 855, system, 256 719 causes, 257, 257−258 855−857 abdominal pain acetaminophen chronic renal failure, 861 acute tubular necrosis vs., acute, 257−273 analgesic