KINGDOM FUNGI THE FUNGI
Taxonomy
Domain Eukarya
Kingdom Fungi
Bacteria Archaea Protista Plants Fungi Animals
2 General Characteristics
Most multicellular External digestion
Non-photosynthetic Reproduction
Heterotrophs Sexual & asexual processes Saprobes Produce spores Parasites Most are dikaryotic at Unique cell wall some point in life cycle
Chitin > 56,000 known species
3 General Morphology
Hypha
Single or multicellular filament
Septate or non-septate
Mycelium
Mass of hyphae
Reproductive structure
E.g., sporangium, mushroom
4 General Life Cycle
zygospore (2n) E Nuclear fusion forms mature diploid zygospore. Diploid Stage nuclear meiosis fusion Haploid Stage spores (n) F Meiosis produces D Cytoplasmic haploid nuclei, which are fusion of the germinating zygospore incorporated into spores 50 µm gametangia when the zygospore young zygospore spore sac forms young germinates. zygospore. haploid spores mycelium gametangia ( n ) C Gametangia form at the tips of the hyphae. A Asexual reproduction B + and − hyphae meet
Fig. 24-4, p. 392
5 Quick Quiz: A single strand of haploid fungal cells is called…
A) Mycelium B) Zygospore C) Hypha D) Mushroom
6 Quick Quiz: The product of meiosis in a fungus is a…
A) seed B) mycelium C) spore D) mushroom
7 Major Groups
Basidiomycota (club fungi)
Mushrooms, shelf fungi, puff balls
Ascomycota (sac fungi)
Cup fungi, morels, truffles, yeast
Bread mold
Chytrids
Glomeromycetes
8 Basidiomycota
Club fungi
E.g., mushrooms, shelf fungi, puff balls
Structures
Basidiocarp, basidiospores
Septate hyphae
Haploid or dikaryotic
9 Ascomycota
Sac fungi
E.g., cup fungi, morels, truffles, yeast
Structures
Septate hyphae
Haploid or dikaryotic
10 Ascomycota
Pathogens
Microsporum sp.
Candida albicans
Aspergillis flavus
11 Zygomycota
E.g., bread mold (Rhizopus stolonifer)
Structures zygospore (2n)
Zygospore Diploid Stage nuclear fusion meiosis 50 µm Haploid Stage spores Zygospore Spore sac germinating (n) Sporangia zygospore young zygospore mycelium develops from germinated Aseptate hyphae spores spore gametangia (n) fusing Haploid
stolon
rhizoids contact between ASEXUAL hyphae of two mating REPRODUCTION strains (mitosis) Fig. 24.6, p. 396 Slide 7
12 Chytrids
Flagellated fungi
Spores and gametes are motile
Saprobes or parasites
Aseptate hyphae
Haploid
B. dendrobatidis 13 Glomeromycetes: Fungi Imperfecti
Imperfect?
No known sexual reproductive phase
Grow in soil on roots of plants
Symbiotic
Aseptate hyphae
Haploid
https://biomesfourth09.wikispaces.com/Temperate+Deciduous+Forest+Facts 14 Quick Quiz: Which of the following reproduce both sexually and asexually?
A) Basidiomycota B) Ascomycota C) Zygomycota D) Chytrids E) Glomeromycota F) All except E
15 Fungal Symbionts
Lichen
Fungus (typ. Ascomycota)
Algae (or cyanobacterium)
16 Fungal Symbionts
Lichen dispersal fragment (cells of fungus and of photosynthetic species) outer layer of fungal cells photosynthetic species inner layer of loosely woven hyphae outer layer of fungal cells Fig. 24-14d, p. 398
17 Fungal Symbionts
Mycorrhizae
Fungus
Plant roots
18 Quick Quiz: Fungi form symbiotic relationships frequently with what kinds of organisms?
A) Heterotrophic B) Autotrophic C) Both A and B
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