KINGDOM FUNGI THE FUNGI Taxonomy Domain Eukarya Kingdom Fungi Bacteria Archaea Protista Plants Fungi Animals 2 General Characteristics Most multicellular External digestion Non-photosynthetic Reproduction Heterotrophs Sexual & asexual processes Saprobes Produce spores Parasites Most are dikaryotic at Unique cell wall some point in life cycle Chitin > 56,000 known species 3 General Morphology Hypha Single or multicellular filament Septate or non-septate Mycelium Mass of hyphae Reproductive structure E.g., sporangium, mushroom 4 General Life Cycle zygospore (2n) E Nuclear fusion forms mature diploid zygospore. Diploid Stage nuclear meiosis fusion Haploid Stage spores (n) F Meiosis produces D Cytoplasmic haploid nuclei, which are fusion of the germinating zygospore incorporated into spores 50 µm gametangia when the zygospore young zygospore spore sac forms young germinates. zygospore. haploid spores mycelium gametangia ( n ) C Gametangia form at the tips of the hyphae. A Asexual reproduction B + and − hyphae meet Fig. 24-4, p. 392 5 Quick Quiz: A single strand of haploid fungal cells is called… A) Mycelium B) Zygospore C) Hypha D) Mushroom 6 Quick Quiz: The product of meiosis in a fungus is a… A) seed B) mycelium C) spore D) mushroom 7 Major Groups Basidiomycota (club fungi) Mushrooms, shelf fungi, puff balls Ascomycota (sac fungi) Cup fungi, morels, truffles, yeast Zygomycota Bread mold Chytrids Glomeromycetes 8 Basidiomycota Club fungi E.g., mushrooms, shelf fungi, puff balls Structures Basidiocarp, basidiospores Septate hyphae Haploid or dikaryotic 9 Ascomycota Sac fungi E.g., cup fungi, morels, truffles, yeast Structures Ascocarp, ascospores Septate hyphae Haploid or dikaryotic 10 Ascomycota Pathogens Microsporum sp. Candida albicans Aspergillis flavus 11 Zygomycota E.g., bread mold (Rhizopus stolonifer) Structures zygospore (2n) Zygospore Diploid Stage nuclear fusion meiosis 50 µm Haploid Stage spores Zygospore Spore sac germinating (n) Sporangia zygospore young zygospore mycelium develops from germinated Aseptate hyphae spores spore gametangia (n) fusing Haploid stolon rhizoids contact between ASEXUAL hyphae of two mating REPRODUCTION strains (mitosis) Fig. 24.6, p. 396 Slide 7 12 Chytrids Flagellated fungi Spores and gametes are motile Saprobes or parasites Aseptate hyphae Haploid B. dendrobatidis 13 Glomeromycetes: Fungi Imperfecti Imperfect? No known sexual reproductive phase Grow in soil on roots of plants Symbiotic Aseptate hyphae Haploid https://biomesfourth09.wikispaces.com/Temperate+Deciduous+Forest+Facts 14 Quick Quiz: Which of the following reproduce both sexually and asexually? A) Basidiomycota B) Ascomycota C) Zygomycota D) Chytrids E) Glomeromycota F) All except E 15 Fungal Symbionts Lichen Fungus (typ. Ascomycota) Algae (or cyanobacterium) 16 Fungal Symbionts Lichen dispersal fragment (cells of fungus and of photosynthetic species) outer layer of fungal cells photosynthetic species inner layer of loosely woven hyphae outer layer of fungal cells Fig. 24-14d, p. 398 17 Fungal Symbionts Mycorrhizae Fungus Plant roots 18 Quick Quiz: Fungi form symbiotic relationships frequently with what kinds of organisms? A) Heterotrophic B) Autotrophic C) Both A and B 19 .