DOCSLIB.ORG

Systematics and Biogeography of Forest Snails, Chondrocyclus (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Caenogastropoda: Cy Clophoridae)

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Systematics and Biogeography of Forest Snails, Chondrocyclus (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Caenogastropoda: Cy Clophoridae) SYSTEMATICS AND BIOGEOGRAPHY OF FOREST SNAILS, CHONDROCYCLUS (MOLLUSCA: GASTROPODA: CAENOGASTROPODA: CY CLOPHORIDAE) IN SOUTHERN AFRICA A thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY at RHODES UNIVERSITY by Mary Louise Cole December 2015 Abstract This study presents a molecular phylogeny and systematic revision of Chondrocyclus, the major South African group of the large family of operculate terrestrial molluscs, the Cyclophoridae. Chondrocyclus snails are small gastropods found in forest and moist thicket throughout South Africa. This is the first detailed systematic treatment of a group of Cyclophoridae in mainland Africa and the first to provide molecular data. This study complements regional studies on the systematics of the family in Asia and provides comparative data for studies of higher level relationships within the Cyclophoridae. Phylogenetic reconstruction by BI and ML methods of combined and single gene datasets of 16S and CO 1 all showed Chondrocyclus to be monophyletic and recovered five well-supported clades that corresponded to groups of populations identifiable on the basis of combinations of morphological characters. Species were diagnosed morphologically and were shown to be genetically distinct lineages. Informative morphological features include shell dimensions, protoconch, periostracum, operculum, radula and penis. Two species in Afromontane regions of Zimbabwe and Malawi respectively are excluded from Chondrocyclus based on morphology and tentatively placed in Cyathopoma. Diversity recognised within the genus more than doubled, from a previous seven South African species to seventeen. Re-descriptions of established species and descriptions of new species are provided, together with photographs of morphological characteristics. New taxon names and nomenclatural acts within it are disclaimed and are therefore not available in the sense of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature until validly published elsewhere. Several cryptic species within previously widespread “species” and unrecorded narrowly endemic species were documented. The clade consisting of populations of “Chondrocyclus isipingoensis”, now considered to be a species complex, was sister to a group containing the other four clades. The “Isipingoensis” clade occurs widely in Afromontane regions, along the Great Escarpment, and on the south-east coast. The other four clades occur from Zululand to the Cape Peninsula with a pattern of east-west lineage ii turnover. The biogeography of Chondrocyclus is interpreted by comparison with concordant patterns in other terrestrial molluscs and unrelated taxa with poor dispersal ability. This study complements other research on composition, spatial distribution and phylogenetic diversity of low-vagility invertebrates and expands the data available for biodiversity conservation in South Africa. iii Table of Contents Abstract............................................................................................................................................... ii Table of Contents..............................................................................................................................iv List of Tables.................................................................................................................................... vi List of Figures..................................................................................................................................vii Acknowledgements......................................................................................................................... xiii Declaration........................................................................................................................................ xv 1 Introduction.....................................................................................................................................1 2 Materials and Methods..................................................................................................................5 2.1 Molecular phylogenetics............................................................................................... 5 2.2 Morphology..................................................................................................................... 7 2.3 Evaluation of threatened species status....................................................................... 9 3 Results............................................................................................................................................ 10 3.1 Molecular phylogenetics.............................................................................................. 10 3.2 Morphology................................................................................................................... 11 3.3 Systematics.................................................................................................................... 12 4 Taxonomy..................................................................................................................................... 25 4.1 Nomenclatural disclaimer............................................................................................25 4.2 Taxonomy......................................................................................................................25 4.3 Chondrocyclus meredithae Bruggen, 1983 and C. chirindae Bruggen, 1986....63 5 Biogeography...............................................................................................................................94 5.1 Overview of distribution of clades.............................................................................94 5.2 Dispersal........................................................................................................................ 95 5.3 Links with areas north of South Africa...................................................................... 96 5.4 Northern South Africa, Great Escarpment and east coast........................................97 5.5 Southeast coast............................................................................................................. 98 5.6 Transition from subtropical to temperate influence.................................................101 iv 5.7 Western Cape........................................................................................................... 104 6 Conservation.............................................................................................................................. 110 6.1 Security of habitat...................................................................................................... 110 6.2 Cryptic species............................................................................................................111 6.3 IUCN Threatened species and assessment of risk.................................................113 7 Conclusions................................................................................................................................ 119 Appendices......................................................................................................................................122 References.......................................................................................................................................132 v List of Tables Table 2.1 Data partitions and model choice for Bayesian analysis of concatenated datasets generated by Partitionfinder...................................................................................................................7 Table 3.1 Congruence of molecular and morphological data (in bold) in delineating five major clades........................................................................................................................................................ 12 Table 4.1 Measurements of Chondrocyclus alabastris showing variation between populations.29 Table 4.2 Measurements of Chondrocyclus “herberti” and C. “silvicolus” showing differences between the species................................................................................................................................34 Table 4.3 Measurements of Chondrocyclus isipingoensis showing variation between populations............................................................................................................................................... 38 Table 4.4 Measurements of Chondrocyclus “oxygala” showing variation between populations ...................................................................................................................................................................41 Table 4.5 Measurements of Chondrocyclus “kevincolei” showing variation between populations ...................................................................................................................................................................42 Table 4.6 Measurements of Chondrocyclus “langebergensis” showing variation between populations..............................................................................................................................................45 Table 6.1 Ownership of land for recorded Chondrocyclus localities.......................................... 117 Table 6.2 Cryptic Chondrocyclus species revealed in this study.................................................117 Table 6.3 IUCN Red List (2016) categories and criteria used in assessment of risk
Load more

Recommended publications
  • JJ Vermeulen
    BASTERIA, 71: 209-220, 2007 Bukit Sarang (Sarawak, Malaysia), an isolatedlimestone hill with an extraordinary snail fauna J.J. Vermeulen Nationaal Herbarium, Leiden Branch, P.O. Box 9514, NL 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands & D.J. Junau Grand Perfect Sdn Bhd, Lot 3469 & 3470, Parkcity Commerce Square, Jin Tun Ahmad Zaidin, 97008 Bintulu,Sarawak, Malaysia Bukit Sarang is an isolated limestone hill in the Tatau River basin, Sarawak, Malaysia (on the 83 26 island of Borneo). Out of the land snail species found, are assumed to be endemic to the hill. of these described this Nine are as new in paper; they belong tothe Assimineidae (Acmella: 3 species), Cyclophoridae (Japonia: 2 species; Opisthoporus: 1 species), Hydrocenidae (Georissa: 1 species), Camaenidae (Amphidromus: 1 species), Charopidae(Teracharopa: 1 species). Key words; Gastropoda, Caenogastropoda, Pulmonata, Assimineidae, Cyclophoridae, Hydrocenidae, Camaenidae, Charopidae, taxonomy, Malaysia, Borneo. INTRODUCTION hills Sarawak of the island of Limestone (karst) are widespread in (Malaysia, part Borneo), but not equally distributed over the state. Extensive karst is found in the West, between and Serian. the scattered such those Mulu Bau In East, areas occur, as in Gunung NationalPark, Niah Caves National Park, and in the Baram River headwaters. In between East and West Sarawak karst areas are few and far apart. They are restricted to the Tatau River basin: Bukit Sarang downstream, the Ulu Kakus range upstream. Both limestone isolated: the distance between the is about60 the outcrops are extremely two outcrops km, nearest limestone ranges to the SW., NE. and SSE. (in adjacent Kalimantan, Indonesia) of Bukit Sarang are about 325 km, 150 km and 210 km away, respectively.
    [Show full text]
  • Amathole District Municipality
    AMATHOLE DISTRICT MUNICIPALITY 2012 - 2017 INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT PLAN Amathole District Municipality IDP 2012-2017 – Version 1 of 5 Page 1 TABLE OF CONTENT The Executive Mayor’s Foreword 4 Municipal Manager’s Message 5 The Executive Summary 7 Report Outline 16 Chapter 1: The Vision 17 Vision, Mission and Core Values 17 List of Amathole District Priorities 18 Chapter 2: Demographic Profile of the District 31 A. Introduction 31 B. Demographic Profile 32 C. Economic Overview 38 D. Analysis of Trends in various sectors 40 Chapter 3: Status Quo Assessment 42 1 Local Economic Development 42 1.1 Economic Research 42 1.2 Enterprise Development 44 1.3 Cooperative Development 46 1.4 Tourism Development and Promotion 48 1.5 Film Industry 51 1.6 Agriculture Development 52 1.7 Heritage Development 54 1.8 Environmental Management 56 1.9 Expanded Public Works Program 64 2 Service Delivery and Infrastructure Investment 65 2.1 Water Services (Water & Sanitation) 65 2.2 Solid Waste 78 2.3 Transport 81 2.4 Electricity 2.5 Building Services Planning 89 2.6 Health and Protection Services 90 2.7 Land Reform, Spatial Planning and Human Settlements 99 3 Municipal Transformation and Institutional Development 112 3.1 Organizational and Establishment Plan 112 3.2 Personnel Administration 124 3.3 Labour Relations 124 3.4 Fleet Management 127 3.5 Employment Equity Plan 129 3.6 Human Resource Development 132 3.7 Information Communication Technology 134 4 Municipal Financial Viability and Management 136 4.1 Financial Management 136 4.2 Budgeting 137 4.3 Expenditure
    [Show full text]
  • Amathole District Municipality WETLAND REPORT | 2017
    AMATHOLE DISTRICT MUNICIPALITY WETLAND REPORT | 2017 LOCAL ACTION FOR BIODIVERSITY (LAB): WETLANDS SOUTH AFRICA Biodiversity for Life South African National Biodiversity Institute Full Program Title: Local Action for Biodiversity: Wetland Management in a Changing Climate Sponsoring USAID Office: USAID/Southern Africa Cooperative Agreement Number: AID-674-A-14-00014 Contractor: ICLEI – Local Governments for Sustainability – Africa Secretariat Date of Publication: June 2017 DISCLAIMER: The author’s views expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect the views of the United States Agency for International Development or the United States Government. FOREWORD Amathole District Municipality is situated within the Amathole District Municipality is also prone to climate central part of the Eastern Cape Province, which lies change and disaster risk such as wild fires, drought in the southeast of South Africa and borders the and floods. Wetland systems however can be viewed Indian Ocean. Amathole District Municipality has as risk reduction ecological infrastructure. Wetlands a land area of 21 595 km² with approximately 200 also form part of the Amathole Mountain Biosphere km of coastline stretching along the Sunshine Coast Reserve, which is viewed as a conservation and from the Fish River to just south of Hole in the Wall sustainable development flagship initiative. along the Wild Coast. Amathole District Municipality coastline spans two bio-geographical regions, namely Amathole District Municipality Integrated the warm temperate south coast and the sub-tropical Development Plan (IDP) recognises the importance east coast. of wetlands within the critical biodiversity areas of the Spatial Development Framework (SDF). Amathole District Municipality is generally in a good Sustainable development principles are an natural state; 83.3% of land comprises of natural integral part of Amathole District Municipality’s areas, whilst only 16.7% are areas where no natural developmental approach as they are captured in the habitat remains.
    [Show full text]
  • ADM SDF Final Report-Compressed.Pdf
    i ii TABLE OF CONTENT LIST OF PLANS vii LIST OF FIGURES ix LIST OF TABLES x EXECUTIVE SUMMARY xii SECTION A 1 INTRODUCTION 1 A 1. PROJECT OBJECTIVES 2 A 2. CONSULTATION AND PARTICIPATIVE PROCESS 3 SECTION B 5 LOCALITY 5 B 1. PROVINCIAL LOCALITY 5 B 2. DISTRICT LOCALITY 6 B 3. AMATHOLE DISTRICT MUNICIPALITY LOCALITY 7 SECTION C 9 POLICY ASSESSMENT 9 C 1. NATIONAL POLICY ALIGNMENT 10 C 2. PROVINCIAL POLICY ASSESSMENT 24 C 3. NEIGHBOURING DISTRICT AND METROPOLITAN MUNICIPALITY POLICY ASSESSMENT 31 C 4. AMATHOLE DISTRICT POLICY ASSESSMENT 40 C 5. LOCAL MUNICIPALITY SDFS 58 SECTION D 68 WHERE HAVE WE COME FROM 68 iii SINCE PREVIOUS ADM SDF 68 SECTION E 74 DISTRICT OVERVIEW 74 E 1. STUDY AREA 74 SECTION F 75 DEMOGRAPHICS PROFILE 75 F 1. POPULATION 75 F 2. AGE STRUCTURE 77 F 3. POPULATION GROUP 79 F 4. GENDER SPLIT 80 F 5. EMPLOYMENT STATUS 81 F 6. INDIVIDUAL MONTHLY INCOME 81 SECTION G 83 BUILT ENVIRONMENT 83 G 1. NODES / TOWNS, CHARACTER, FUNCTION & HIERARCHY 83 G 2. LAND USE 84 G 3. SETTLEMENTS 85 G 4. LAND CLAIMS 88 G 5. LAND TENURE 91 G 6. SMALL TOWN REVITALISATION (STR) PROJECTS 100 G 7. HOUSING PROVISION 103 G 8. HOUSING TYPOLOGIES 106 G 9. INFORMAL SETTLEMENTS 107 G 10. LAND CAPABILITY 109 G 11. INFRASTRUCTURE 112 G 12. INFRASTRUCTURE NEEDS 121 SECTION H 122 SOCIO ECONOMIC ANALYSIS 122 iv H 1. INEQUALITY IN ADM 122 H 2. SOCIAL FACILITIES 123 H 3. ECONOMIC ANALYSIS 136 H 4. EFFECTS OF GLOBALISATION ON ADM 145 BIOPHYSICAL ANALYSIS 150 I 1.
    [Show full text]
  • Husbandry of the Carnivorous Land Snail, Powelliphanta Augusta (Gastropoda: Pulmonata: Rhytdidae)
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by ResearchArchive at Victoria University of Wellington Husbandry of the Carnivorous Land Snail, Powelliphanta augusta (Gastropoda: Pulmonata: Rhytdidae) By Thomas Edward Allan A thesis submitted to the Victoria University of Wellington in fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Ecological Restoration Victoria University of Wellington 2010 1 Abstract Key aspects of the captive husbandry of Powelliphanta augusta, a newly-described New Zealand land snail are investigated: how they should be managed and fed to provide individuals for release, and how a long-term captive population can be maintained as an insurance against extinction in the wild. This project arises from almost all members of this species having been brought into captivity due to their displacement in the wild by an opencast coalmine. Powelliphanta (F: Rhytididae) is a genus of endemic carnivorous snails, which includes 10 species, 27 subspecies and numerous undescribed taxa. As well as its diversity, Powelliphanta is renowned for the large size of its members (up to 90mm diameter) and their attractively-patterned shells. Most taxa are threatened due to habitat loss and predation by introduced mammalian predators. The study commences with a literature review to refine husbandry methods and to assess requirements for captive breeding of snails. From this review investigations are made into stocking densities, substrate, reproductive biology, body condition and growth of the P. augusta captive population. To determine an appropriate stocking density for P. augusta groups of six snails were kept at two densities; with either 720cm2, or 1440cm2 per group.
    [Show full text]
  • CLECOM-Liste Österreich (Austria)
    CLECOM-Liste Österreich (Austria), mit Änderungen CLECOM-Liste Österreich (Austria) Phylum Mollusca C UVIER 1795 Classis Gastropoda C UVIER 1795 Subclassis Orthogastropoda P ONDER & L INDBERG 1995 Superordo Neritaemorphi K OKEN 1896 Ordo Neritopsina C OX & K NIGHT 1960 Superfamilia Neritoidea L AMARCK 1809 Familia Neritidae L AMARCK 1809 Subfamilia Neritinae L AMARCK 1809 Genus Theodoxus M ONTFORT 1810 Subgenus Theodoxus M ONTFORT 1810 Theodoxus ( Theodoxus ) fluviatilis fluviatilis (L INNAEUS 1758) Theodoxus ( Theodoxus ) transversalis (C. P FEIFFER 1828) Theodoxus ( Theodoxus ) danubialis danubialis (C. P FEIFFER 1828) Theodoxus ( Theodoxus ) danubialis stragulatus (C. P FEIFFER 1828) Theodoxus ( Theodoxus ) prevostianus (C. P FEIFFER 1828) Superordo Caenogastropoda C OX 1960 Ordo Architaenioglossa H ALLER 1890 Superfamilia Cyclophoroidea J. E. G RAY 1847 Familia Cochlostomatidae K OBELT 1902 Genus Cochlostoma J AN 1830 Subgenus Cochlostoma J AN 1830 Cochlostoma ( Cochlostoma ) septemspirale septemspirale (R AZOUMOWSKY 1789) Cochlostoma ( Cochlostoma ) septemspirale heydenianum (C LESSIN 1879) Cochlostoma ( Cochlostoma ) henricae henricae (S TROBEL 1851) - 1 / 36 - CLECOM-Liste Österreich (Austria), mit Änderungen Cochlostoma ( Cochlostoma ) henricae huettneri (A. J. W AGNER 1897) Subgenus Turritus W ESTERLUND 1883 Cochlostoma ( Turritus ) tergestinum (W ESTERLUND 1878) Cochlostoma ( Turritus ) waldemari (A. J. W AGNER 1897) Cochlostoma ( Turritus ) nanum (W ESTERLUND 1879) Cochlostoma ( Turritus ) anomphale B OECKEL 1939 Cochlostoma ( Turritus ) gracile stussineri (A. J. W AGNER 1897) Familia Aciculidae J. E. G RAY 1850 Genus Acicula W. H ARTMANN 1821 Acicula lineata lineata (DRAPARNAUD 1801) Acicula lineolata banki B OETERS , E. G ITTENBERGER & S UBAI 1993 Genus Platyla M OQUIN -TANDON 1856 Platyla polita polita (W. H ARTMANN 1840) Platyla gracilis (C LESSIN 1877) Genus Renea G.
    [Show full text]
  • THE LISTING of PHILIPPINE MARINE MOLLUSKS Guido T
    August 2017 Guido T. Poppe A LISTING OF PHILIPPINE MARINE MOLLUSKS - V1.00 THE LISTING OF PHILIPPINE MARINE MOLLUSKS Guido T. Poppe INTRODUCTION The publication of Philippine Marine Mollusks, Volumes 1 to 4 has been a revelation to the conchological community. Apart from being the delight of collectors, the PMM started a new way of layout and publishing - followed today by many authors. Internet technology has allowed more than 50 experts worldwide to work on the collection that forms the base of the 4 PMM books. This expertise, together with modern means of identification has allowed a quality in determinations which is unique in books covering a geographical area. Our Volume 1 was published only 9 years ago: in 2008. Since that time “a lot” has changed. Finally, after almost two decades, the digital world has been embraced by the scientific community, and a new generation of young scientists appeared, well acquainted with text processors, internet communication and digital photographic skills. Museums all over the planet start putting the holotypes online – a still ongoing process – which saves taxonomists from huge confusion and “guessing” about how animals look like. Initiatives as Biodiversity Heritage Library made accessible huge libraries to many thousands of biologists who, without that, were not able to publish properly. The process of all these technological revolutions is ongoing and improves taxonomy and nomenclature in a way which is unprecedented. All this caused an acceleration in the nomenclatural field: both in quantity and in quality of expertise and fieldwork. The above changes are not without huge problematics. Many studies are carried out on the wide diversity of these problems and even books are written on the subject.
    [Show full text]
  • Evaluating the Effects of Biogeography and Fragmentation on The
    Evaluating the effects of biogeography and fragmentation on the taxonomic, functional, and genetic diversity of forest-utilising bats in a South African biodiversity hotspot by Monika Ilka Moir Dissertation presented for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Faculty of Science at Stellenbosch University Supervisors: Dr. Ramugondo V. Rambau Prof. Michael I. Cherry Dr. Leigh R. Richards December 2020 i Stellenbosch University https://scholar.sun.ac.za Declaration By submitting this dissertation electronically, I declare that the entirety of the work contained therein is my own, original work, that I am the sole author thereof (save to the extent explicitly otherwise stated), that reproduction and publication thereof by Stellenbosch University will not infringe any third party rights, and that I have not previously in its entirety or in part submitted it for obtaining any qualification. This dissertation includes one original paper published in a peer-reviewed journal with me as lead author, and three articles submitted and under peer-review. The development and writing of the papers (published and unpublished) were the principal responsibility of myself. Monika Ilka Moir August 2020 Copyright © 2020 Stellenbosch University All rights reserved ii Stellenbosch University https://scholar.sun.ac.za Abstract Bats are a highly diverse mammalian order and are some of the most economically important non-domesticated vertebrates, providing many ecosystem services that contribute to the global economy. Yet, they remain a largely understudied taxon, particularly in the Eastern Cape province of South Africa, in which basic surveys of bat assemblages utilising indigenous forests are lacking. Indigenous forests constitute South Africa’s smallest and most fragmented biome yet support disproportionally high biodiversity.
    [Show full text]
  • Darwin Landsnail Diversity Guides
    AN ILLUSTRATED GUIDE TO THE LAND SNAILS OF THE WESTERN GHATS OF INDIA Exotic snails and slugs can be a serious problem because they are often difficult to control and can be locally about 35 Ma. The land-snail fauna of the Western Ghats and Sri Lanka reflects this complex geological history. Gandhinagar Small-scale, casual collecting of empty snail shells is unlikely to have a harmful impact on the environment highly abundant. Many of this region's snail genera and most of the approximately 700 species are endemic to it, indicating that GUJARAT because it involves the removal of only tiny amounts of calcium carbonate from a few highly-localized places. Dinarzarde C. Raheem1, Fred Naggs1, N.A. Aravind2 & Richard C. Preece3 there has been substantial evolutionary diversification within this part of South Asia. Several snail genera such as The collection and preservation of live snails is essential for serious and systematic scientific research, but Next to being asked how to kill garden snails, the question we are most often asked is 'what use are they'? This Photography and image editing Harold Taylor1 Corilla and Acavus are thought to have a history that pre-dates the break-up of Gondwana, but are now largely or should only be carried out as part of such work. implies that the existence of organisms needs to be justified in terms of human values and human exploitation; it entirely restricted to the Western Ghats and/or Sri Lanka. A number of other groups (e.g. the genus Glessula, and is not a view we share.
    [Show full text]
  • Spineless Spineless Rachael Kemp and Jonathan E
    Spineless Status and trends of the world’s invertebrates Edited by Ben Collen, Monika Böhm, Rachael Kemp and Jonathan E. M. Baillie Spineless Spineless Status and trends of the world’s invertebrates of the world’s Status and trends Spineless Status and trends of the world’s invertebrates Edited by Ben Collen, Monika Böhm, Rachael Kemp and Jonathan E. M. Baillie Disclaimer The designation of the geographic entities in this report, and the presentation of the material, do not imply the expressions of any opinion on the part of ZSL, IUCN or Wildscreen concerning the legal status of any country, territory, area, or its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Citation Collen B, Böhm M, Kemp R & Baillie JEM (2012) Spineless: status and trends of the world’s invertebrates. Zoological Society of London, United Kingdom ISBN 978-0-900881-68-8 Spineless: status and trends of the world’s invertebrates (paperback) 978-0-900881-70-1 Spineless: status and trends of the world’s invertebrates (online version) Editors Ben Collen, Monika Böhm, Rachael Kemp and Jonathan E. M. Baillie Zoological Society of London Founded in 1826, the Zoological Society of London (ZSL) is an international scientifi c, conservation and educational charity: our key role is the conservation of animals and their habitats. www.zsl.org International Union for Conservation of Nature International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) helps the world fi nd pragmatic solutions to our most pressing environment and development challenges. www.iucn.org Wildscreen Wildscreen is a UK-based charity, whose mission is to use the power of wildlife imagery to inspire the global community to discover, value and protect the natural world.
    [Show full text]
  • Fauna of New Zealand Website Copy 2010, Fnz.Landcareresearch.Co.Nz
    aua o ew eaa Ko te Aiaga eeke o Aoeaoa IEEAE SYSEMAICS AISOY GOU EESEAIES O ACAE ESEAC ema acae eseac ico Agicuue & Sciece Cee P O o 9 ico ew eaa K Cosy a M-C aiièe acae eseac Mou Ae eseac Cee iae ag 917 Aucka ew eaa EESEAIE O UIESIIES M Emeso eame o Eomoogy & Aima Ecoogy PO o ico Uiesiy ew eaa EESEAIE O MUSEUMS M ama aua Eiome eame Museum o ew eaa e aa ogaewa O o 7 Weigo ew eaa EESEAIE O OESEAS ISIUIOS awece CSIO iisio o Eomoogy GO o 17 Caea Ciy AC 1 Ausaia SEIES EIO AUA O EW EAA M C ua (ecease ue 199 acae eseac Mou Ae eseac Cee iae ag 917 Aucka ew eaa Fauna of New Zealand Ko te Aitanga Pepeke o Aotearoa Number / Nama 38 Naturalised terrestrial Stylommatophora (Mousca Gasooa Gay M ake acae eseac iae ag 317 amio ew eaa 4 Maaaki Whenua Ρ Ε S S ico Caeuy ew eaa 1999 Coyig © acae eseac ew eaa 1999 o a o is wok coee y coyig may e eouce o coie i ay om o y ay meas (gaic eecoic o mecaica icuig oocoyig ecoig aig iomaio eiea sysems o oewise wiou e wie emissio o e uise Caaoguig i uicaio AKE G Μ (Gay Micae 195— auase eesia Syommaooa (Mousca Gasooa / G Μ ake — ico Caeuy Maaaki Weua ess 1999 (aua o ew eaa ISS 111-533 ; o 3 IS -7-93-5 I ie 11 Seies UC 593(931 eae o uIicaio y e seies eio (a comee y eo Cosy usig comue-ase e ocessig ayou scaig a iig a acae eseac M Ae eseac Cee iae ag 917 Aucka ew eaa Māoi summay e y aco uaau Cosuas Weigo uise y Maaaki Weua ess acae eseac O o ico Caeuy Wesie //wwwmwessco/ ie y G i Weigo o coe eoceas eicuaum (ue a eigo oaa (owe (IIusao G M ake oucio o e coou Iaes was ue y e ew eaIa oey oa ue oeies eseac
    [Show full text]
  • Land Snail Acicula Parcelineata (Architaenioglossa: Cyclophoroidea: Aciculidae) in Ukraine: Distribution, Variability, Habitat Preferences and Conservation Status
    Ruthenica, 2019, vol. 29, No. 2: 94-102. © Ruthenica, 2019 Published online March 5, 2019 http: www.ruthenica.com Land snail Acicula parcelineata (Architaenioglossa: Cyclophoroidea: Aciculidae) in Ukraine: distribution, variability, habitat preferences and conservation status V. SKVORTSOVA1, I. BALASHOV2 1T. Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Volodymyrska str. 60, Kyiv, 01033, UKRAINE. 2I.I. Schmalhausen Institute of Zoology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, B. Khmelnytsky str. 15, Kyiv, 01030, UKRAINE. E-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT. All available data and most of materials lineata is considered to be “Least Concern” [Cutte- on Acicula parcelineata from Ukraine are reviewed. lod et al., 2011], it was considered “Critically En- Thirteen areas inhabited by the species are reported for dangered” for Czhechia [Beran et al., 2017], “En- Ukraine, some of which include several known sites. dangered” for Slovakia [Šteffek, Vavrová, 2006], Five of these areas were not reported before. Map of “Near Threatened” for Ukraine [Balashov, 2016a] general distribution of A. parcelineata is provided (out- side Ukraine based on published data). Habitat prefer- and “Data Deficient” for Poland [Wiktor, Riedel, ences of this species are reviewed, it occurs in Ukraine 2002]. For Romania list of molluscs’ species that almost exclusively in forests with presence of beech, require protection doesn’t exist. Therefore, in all on altitude 300-1100 m. Conservation status of A. par- countries where conservation status of A. parcelin- celineata in Ukraine is shown to be “Near Threatened” eata was estimated it was considered to be region- according to IUCN criterions, it is recommended to be ally threatened or potentially threatened.
    [Show full text]