DOCSLIB.ORG

Translation 2498

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Translation 2498 ARCEPVES FISHERIES RESEARCW. BOARD OF CANADA Translation Series N 2498 ' . Influence of thetrophic factor On thé population 'and distribution of the sea otter in the central and northern • Kurile Islands bY M: Shitikov Original. title: Vliyanié troficheskogo faktora na. chislennostli . raspredelenie. kalana na.srednikh .ostrovakh . ,• • . • . .« . From: TrudY.Vsesoyuznoge-Nauchno-IssledovatelSkogo • • Instituta -Morskogo Rybnogo Khozyaistva Okéanografii '(VNIRO) Vol. 82 (proceedings of , the AllUniOn• Research institute of Marine ' Fisheries and Oceanography). Izvestdya 'Tikhookeanskogo. Nauchno-IsSledovatel. 'skogo instituta RYbnogo. , Khozyaistva d Okeanografii .(.TINRO) Vol.' 80 (Proceedings of the Pacific Scientific Research . - ' Institute of Marine Fisheries and ObéandgraPhy) . , 82 _& 80 '227-239,. 1971 • '' Translated by the Translation'. •Eureau (IPST1 . Foredgn,4anguages Division. • Hi.'; Department-Of the.Secretary . of Stateof Canada' • . Department of.' the Environment.- Fisheries_ReSearch'Board 6f Canada ' 'ArctiC Biological:Statdon. *Ste. Annede Bellevue', 1973 22 :pages typescript .D--'PARTMENT OF THE SECRETARY OF STATE . SECRETARIAT WETAT FRR ;-1 TRANSLATION BUREAU . BUREAU DES TRADUCTIONS . MULTILINGUAL SERVICES r" DIVISION DES SERVICE S CANAD A DIVISION MULTILINGUE S TRANSLATED FROM - TRADUCTION D E INTO - EN Russian English IAUTHOR - AUTEU R ~''A .M . Shitikov, TINR O JITLE IN ENGLISH - TITRE ANGLAI S ~Influence of the Trophic Factor on the Population and Distribution of the Sea Otter in the Central and Northern Kurile-Islands . TITLE IN FOREIGN LANGUAGE (TRANSLITERATE FOREIGN CHARACTERS) Ti TRE-EN LANGUE ~TRANG~RE (TRANSCRIRE EN CARACTERES ROMAINS ) Vliyanie troficheskogo,faktora na chislennost'i raspredelenie kalana na srednikh i severnykh-Kuril'shikh ostrovakh . REFERENCE IN FOREIGN LANGUAGE (NAME OF BOOK OR PUBLICATION) IN FULL . TRANSLITERATE FOREIGN CHARACTERS . REFERENC -1 EN LANGUE ETRANGERE - (NOM DU LIVRE OU PUBLICATION) . AU COMPLET, TRANSCRIRE EN CARACTÈRES ROMAINS . VNIRO,vol . 82/TINRO Vol-80 REFERENCE IN ENGLISH - R~FERENCE EN ANGLAI S PAGE NUMBERS IN ORIGINAL DATE OF PUBLICATION - NUM9ROS DES PAGES DANS DATE DE PUBLICATIO N L'ORIGINA L YEA~ ISSUE NO. .227-239 = RP1 2 VOLUME NUMERO ,.~--PI~ACE,017 PUBLICATION ANNE E NUMBER OF TYPED PAGES - LIEU dE PUBLICATION NOMBRE DE PAGES DACTYLOGRAPHIEE S 1971 - 2 2 . :,,REQUESTING DEPARTMEN T Environment MINISTERE-CLIEN T ,BRANCH OR DIVISION TRANSLATOR (INITIALS) -DIRECTION OU DIVISION TRADUCTEUR (INITIALES ) MIEDIT!_D: TRANSLATI-01~ For iriforma,-iori only TRADLI.C' 3N., NON REVI 5EE:. Infor.malio'l SCUIOM~-nt I ' DEPARTMENT OF THE SECRETARY OF STATE SECRÉTARIAT D'ÉTAT re8 »ici8 TRANSLATION BUREAU BUREAU DES TRADUCTIONS MULTILINGUAL SERVICES DIVISION DES SERVICES DIVISION CAN ADA - • MULTILINGUES CLIENTS NO. DEPARTMENT DI VISION/BRANCH CITY N P DU CLIENT MINISTRE. DIVISION/DIRECTION VILLE EN V IRON:1NT FISHER.IES RES. 13W. St. Anne de Bellevue QL.1 0. 1, BUREAU NO. LANGUAGE TRANSLATOR (INITIALS) N° DU BUREAU LANGUE TRADUCTEUR (INITIALES) L43731 Russian IPST APR 3 1973 227 _From: Trudy VNIRO, Vol. 82 and lzvestiya TINRO, Vol. 80, 1971, pp. 227-238. 599.742.4 INFLUENCE OF THE TROPHIC FACTOR ON THE POPULATION AND DISTRIBUTION OF THE SEA OTTER IN THE CENTRAL AND NORTHERN- KURILE ISLANDS (Vliyanie troficheskogo faktora na chislennost' i • LINEDITZD na srednikh i severnykh raspredelenie kalana TRANSLATION Kuril'skikh ostrovakh) .Por inforrna'don only TRAID:XTKL)N NON REVISEE A. M. Shitikov, TINRO Infornlailon soulement The sea otter (E nhy dr a lutr is L.) now occurs on almost all the islands of the Great Kurile Ridge north of Kunashir and numbers 4,000-7 The question of the further growth of the population is controversial. 5,000. A. N. Belkin (1966) and later S..K.Klumov (1968) estimated that the sea otter population on the Kurile Islands should attain 7,000-10,000 by 1970; Belkin considered the latter figure as the limit for the area. In his opinion, the number on each island will increase due to both natural growth and to animals' .corning in from other Islands, thus making it unnecessary for more to be introduced by man. This view was shared by I. I. Barabash- Nikiforov, S. V. Marakov and A. M. Nikolaev (1968). Klumov (1968), on the other hand, thought that 10,000 is not the limit for the Kurile Islands. ‘.;305-43001 0-3 I This number will be made up mainly by the growing populations on the islands of Urup and Paramushir, whi.c3.i is liable to cause an epizooty on these islands. He suggests that more sea otters be brought in to increase their number on the other islands. Data of the latest counts show the sea otter population to _be growing very. slowly, not yet having, reached 10,000. On some islands, the number of animals has not been increasing for the last 10-15 years. Thus, 200 sea otters inhabited Onekotan Island in, 1955 (Klumov, 1957), 139 in 1963 (Belkin, 1966), 69 in 1967 (Nikolaev, 1968), and 64 in 1970 (our data). No count has been made on the islands of Urup, Shikotan, and Makanrushi since 1963, although the initial populations there-were fairly large. 'The distribution by island has also changed little since 1963, and about 70% of the entire population is still concentrated on the shores of Urup and Paramushir islands. The sea otters flock together mainly at the tips of the islands and on their eastern shores. In the central and northern Kurile Islands, they have„appàrently settled in all the suitable habitats. The creation of new habitats calls for a study to establish the biotope required by the animal. ^ 228 Numerous observations have •now made it possible to identify the sea otter's haunts. The first professional hunters had noticed that "kelp-rich rocky promontories and reefs are favbrite hideouts of the beaver. .." and that .''beavers keep mainly to the ends of thëislands and their Pacific sides". (Snow, 1902). These habits have,s'till not changed. Barabash-Nikiforov, (1947), observes that sea otters are attraeted.bÿ, steep or relativèly gently sloping, rocky shores, .. ;,^> _. ^ . - .. _ :. .. .. barrier reefs, little rocky islands, around which the Stirf consta.ntly breaks, .and finally, clumps of kelp which for m a j'agged S trip "along the shore. According to the presence of reefs and rocky islets in the offshore area of the sea, the size of the seaweed fields, the nature of thé littoral and sublittoral, the depth of the sea and the. distance from the extreMities Of the islands, Nikolaev (1963) suggests a tentative classification of the Sea otter haunts into four categories: excellent, good, fair, and poor. AmeriCan 'c-m5logiStà (Èyerdam, 1933; 1938;' Williams, 1959, 1963; .Kenyon, 1965) alSO hotiCed the animal's predilection . .for areas with rocky shores .and -abundant reefs ; tôéky islets and kelp. Nevertheless, it is not enough tô know the ablotic Conditions of life in order to be able to establish the catt8e8 that deterMine thé ntunber . and distribution of the population, as theSe depend ôn the trôphic faetôt às well. But the importance of this factor has not been Studied at all. With • .reference to the Paramushir .population, the diStribution of the animals on Paramushir Island and the eastern Shore Of Kamehatka has been• 'shown tà depend on the abunda-nce ôf food iternS in the areaS where a certain trophic group'of benthos developS: the iMmobile Seg-Eônophages. To study the distribution of food items for the Sea ôtter on the other islands and to collect data on its feeding habits, TINRO organized a series of expeditions in the central.and northern Kurile Islands in 1969 and 1970. The investigation was carried out by the trapping boat "Krylatka." A group of scuba divers participated in the research cruiSeS. The Urup, Chirpoi (Chernye.Uratya-),..Sinuskr an:kicha (Ushishir), Paramushir,..Ilatua,:AntSiferov - and Psttàsov iSlands Were investigated. The areas of work are indicated on the figure. Number and distribution of sea otters in the central and northern Kurile Islands: 1 — about 100 specimens; 2 — about 50 specimens; 3 — about 25 speci- mens; 4 — about 10 specimens. In the study of macrobenthos of the Kurile Islands sublittoral, invertebrates and algae were counted by the method of hydrobiological sections of incomplete profile, the stations located at the depths of 5, 10, 15 and 20m. A: few stations were taken to a depth of 30-40m. The number of sea otters was determined, excrement was collected and analyzed, and the contents of stomachs and intestines were examined at the same time. In all, 1,429 excrements and the contents of 60 stomachs and intestines were investigated. The frequency of occurrence of a food item and its predominance in the food . 5 (i. e. more than 50% of the overall volume of the excrément, by visual assessment) were carefully studied. Whenever the excrement consisted of equal parts of two or more kinds, preference was given to that which contained less hard parts: the remains-of octopuses were given priority over remains of-fish, fish to crab, crab to -sea urchin, and so on. Thus, whereas the first index can serve as a qualitative characteristic of feeding, the second one is quantitative. These.indexes were also used when.analyzing the contents of stomachs and intestines. In this case, the predominant kind. of food was determined not only by'visual assessment, but also by weighing. 229 The feeding habits of the sea otter on the Kurile Islands have.been little.. described in the.literature. K. Miyatake (1940) studied the suzniner diet; after analyzing the contents of the stomachs of 332 sea otters, he came to the conclusion that the main food items were Oc t o p u s d o f 1 e i n i, the Sakhalin sea urchin Strongylocentrotus sachalinicus;thè mussel Mytilus eduli.s, and the fish Hexagrammus otakii, Sebastichus sp., and Cycloptericht-hys .ventric.osus. Unfortunately, the author Aid not mention where the investigations were carried out.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Title the Intertidal Biota of Volcanic Yankich Island (Middle
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Kyoto University Research Information Repository The Intertidal Biota of Volcanic Yankich Island (Middle Kuril Title Islands) Author(s) Kussakin, Oleg G.; Kostina, Elena E. PUBLICATIONS OF THE SETO MARINE BIOLOGICAL Citation LABORATORY (1996), 37(3-6): 201-225 Issue Date 1996-12-25 URL http://hdl.handle.net/2433/176267 Right Type Departmental Bulletin Paper Textversion publisher Kyoto University Pub!. Seto Mar. Bioi. Lab., 37(3/6): 201-225, 1996 201 The Intertidal Biota of Volcanic Y ankich Island (Middle Kuril Islands) 0LEG G. KUSSAKIN and ELENA E. KOSTINA Institute of Marine Biology, Academy of Sciences of Russia, Vladivostok 690041, Russia Abstract A description of the intertidal biota of volcanic Yankich Island (Ushishir Islands, Kuril Islands) is given. The species composition and vertical distribution pattern of the intertidal communities at various localities are described in relation to environmental factors, such as nature of the substrate, surf conditions and volcanic vent water. The macrobenthos is poor in the areas directly influenced by high tempera­ ture (20-40°C) and high sulphur content. There are no marked changes in the intertidal communities in the areas of volcanic springs that are characterised by temperature below 10°C and by the absence of sulphur compounds. In general, the species composi­ tion and distribution of the intertidal biota are ordinary for the intertidal zone of the middle Kuril Islands. But there are departures from the typical zonation of the intertidal biota. Also, mass populations of Balanus crenatus appear.
    [Show full text]
  • Simushir (January 15, 2009) and Samoa (September 30, 2009) Tsunami Recording in the Area of South Kuril Islands
    Geophysical Research Abstracts Vol. 12, EGU2010-13331-1, 2010 EGU General Assembly 2010 © Author(s) 2010 Simushir (January 15, 2009) and Samoa (September 30, 2009) tsunami recording in the area of South Kuril Islands Georgy Shevchenko (1), Anton Chernov (1), Peter Kovalev (1), Tatyana Ivelskaya (2), Artem Loskutov (1), and Alexander Shishkin (1) (1) Institute of Marine Geology and Geophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences. Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk, Russia, (2) Sakhalin Tsunami Warning Center, Federal Service of Russia for Hydrometeorology and Environmental Monitoring, Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk, Russia Institute of Marine Geology & Geophysics (the Far East Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences) carried out long wave measurements in the area of South Kuril Islands with the purpose of tsunami recording closely to the seismic active zone and study long wave spectra variability depending of weather conditions. Bottom pressure gauges were installed in several harbors of Shikotan Island, near Cape Lovtsov (north-eastern end of Kunashir Island), in the Kitoviy Bay (Iturup Island) and near Cape Van-der-Lind (Urup Island). Sakhalin Tsunami Center has a cable telemetry tsunami warning station in the Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island). Two tsunamis - a remote Samoa (September 30) and nearby Simushir tsunami (January 15) were recorded by different gauges in the area of South Kuril Islands and by telemetry station in Severo-Kurilsk. To examine spectral properties of long wave oscillations at each gauge, we calculated power spectral estimation using two different data segments (both 1 day length): the period preceding the tsunami event, we identified as “normal” and selected for analysis of the background signal; the “tsunami period” included tsunami caused oscillations.
    [Show full text]
  • Russia's Ring of Fire
    Russia’s Ring of Fire Kamchatka, the Commander & Kuril Islands 26th May to7th June 2021 (13 days) Zodiac cruise & Auklet flocks by N. Russ The Pacific Ring of Fire manifests itself in numerous places on the rim of the Pacific Ocean – but nowhere more dramatically than in Russia’s Far East. Along one of the world’s most active plate boundaries, the Pacific plate subducts under the Eurasian plate and the resulting volcanic and geothermal activity has built a unique and amazing landscape. Upwelling from the deep trenches formed by this action and currents around the many islands means there is an abundance of food for both birds and marine mammals, making the seas here amongst the richest in the world. The region’s human history is as interesting and as fascinating as the geological history and it is closely connected to the oceans that surround it. The earliest people to settle in the RBL Russia - Ring of Fire Itinerary 2 region, the Ainu, lived from the sea. Explorer Vitus Bering and, at the height of the Cold war, Russia’s formidable Pacific Fleet, were based in the region. The secrecy surrounding the fleet resulted in the region being ‘closed’ even to Russians, who had to obtain special permits to travel to and within the area. It is only now, two decades since Perestroika, that people can travel relatively freely here, although there is still very little in the way of infrastructure for visitors. This voyage takes us where very few people have been – or are able to go. The region falls into three quite distinct and unique geographical regions: the Kamchatka Peninsula, the Commander Islands (the western extremity of the Aleutian chain of islands) and the Kuril Islands.
    [Show full text]
  • Simushir Island, the Kurile Islands)
    МОРФОЛОГИЯ БУХТЫ БРОУТОНА Huguen C., Foucher J.P., Mascle J. et al. Menes caldera, activities // Hydrological processes. 2004. V. 18. a highly active site of brine seepage in the Eastern P. 487-2004. Mediterranean sea: «In situ» observations from Moernaut J., Verschuren D., Charlet F. et al. The seismic- the NAUTINIL expedition (2003) // Marine stratigraphic record of lake-level fluctuations in Geology. 2009. V. 261. P. 138-152. Lake Challa: Hydrological stability and change Kazmierczak J., Kempe S. Genuine modern in equatorial East Africa over the last 140 kyr // analogues of Precambrian stromatolites from Earth and Planetary Science Letters. 2010. V. 290. caldera lakes of Niuafo‘ou Island, Tonga // P. 214-223. Naturwissenschaften.2006. V. 93.. P.119-126. Morgan L.A., Shanks P., Lovalvo D et al. The Floor Kazmierczak J., Kempe S., Kremer B. et al. of Yellowstone Lake is Anything but Quiet! New Hydrochemistry and microbialites of the alkaline Discoveries in Lake Mapping //Yellowstone crater lake Alchichica, Mexico // Facies. 2011. Science 2003. V. 11. № 2. P. 15-30. V. 57.P. 543-570. Rodriguez-Rodriguez M., Moreno-Ostos E., De Vicente Kozlov D.N., Belousov A.B. Hydrothermal eruption I. et al. Thermal structure and energy budget in – the most probable scenario of volcanic disaster a small high mountain lake: La Caldera, Sierra in the Golovnina Caldera, Kunashir Island, Nevada, Spain // New Zealand Journal of Marine Southern Kuriles // 5th Biennial Workshop on and Freshwater Research, 2004. V. 38. P. 879-894. Subduction Processes emphasizing the Japan- Pasternack G.B., Varekamp J.C. Volcanic lake Kuril-Kamchatka-Aleutian Arcs (JKASP-5) and systematics I.
    [Show full text]
  • Chapter 6 Russia: President Putin's Visit to Japan
    Chapter 6 Russia: President Putin’s Visit to Japan Hiroshi Yamazoe (lead author, Sections 1 (3), 2 (1) & (2), and 3 (1) & (3)) and Shigeki Akimoto (Sections 1 (1) & (2), 2 (3), and 3 (2)) ussia currently faces not only severe economic and financial conditions, Rbut also an ongoing confrontation with the Western nations stemming from the Ukraine crisis. Amid this situation, the Kremlin is seen to be pursuing carefully thought-out policies on both the domestic and foreign relations fronts from the perspective of governance over the medium-to-long term. In the election of deputies of the State Duma (the lower house of the Federal Assembly of Russia) held in September 2016, the ruling United Russia party won an overwhelming majority of seats. During the year, the administration also demonstrated its willingness to elevate younger officials to positions of influence. These developments could imply that President Vladimir Putin has begun laying the groundwork for a political framework that will enable the administration to continue functioning effectively even if he himself leaves the political arena. On the diplomatic front, while the situation remains tense in Eastern Europe, the Putin administration continues to take steps to enhance Russia’s presence on the international stage through military operations and diplomatic negotiations relating to the Syrian crisis. While welcoming the start of the new administration of President Donald Trump—who has been calling for better relations with Russia—the Putin administration shows no signs of abandoning its cautious stance regarding concrete steps toward the normalization of relations between the two countries. In its relationships with the nations of East Asia, the Kremlin continues to seek stronger working relations with China, which it regards as an important partner, while at the same time taking steps to avoid an over-reliance on China and to build a sustainable relationship with Japan.
    [Show full text]
  • Notes on the Kuril Islands
    895 Memni. NOTES ON THE KUKIL ISLANDS. BY CAPTAIN H. J. SNOW, F.R.G.S. LONDON: JOHN MURRAY, ALBEMARLE STREET. 1897. J'l ^"^c^^^n^,^^ ^)4^ ^'<-..^-^yz.rz. J^<=^ ^<^^~?' ; J)3 " NOTES ON THE KUKIL ISLANDS^ BY CAPTAIN H. J. SNOW, F.R.G.S. LONDOK JOHN MUEEAY, ALBEMARLE STREET. 1897. NOTE. By PROFESSOR JOHN MILNE, P.R.S. The only maps in which very many of the places mentioned in the following notes can be found are the Admiralty Charts, numbered 2128 and 240o.* Any one wlio compares these notes and charts, tlie originals of which were drawn by Captain H. J. Snow, with the scanty literature and imperfect maps previously existing, will at once recognize how very much has been accom- plished by the patience and perseverance of an individual. New rocks and shoals have been indicated, whilst supposed dangers of a like character have been removed. The position of islands have been corrected relatively and in longitude, whilst anchorages* tide rips, watering-places, sea-lion and seal rookeries, have been located and described. The shortest route between Vancouver and certain ports on the Asiatic coast has been freed from un- certainties and dangers, while Canadian-Pacific steamers, whalers, and a large fleet of pelagic hunters have now harbours of refuge opened which may be approached with comparative safety. In short, after shipwrecks, risks, and dangers, the escapes from which have often seemed incredible, independently of the geological, natural history, and general scientific notes which have been collected, Captain H. J. Snow, whilst sacrificing by his publica- tions his own professional interests as a hunter, has entitled himself to recognition from all who navigate and patrol the fog-bound shores of the rocky Kurils.
    [Show full text]
  • Russian Expansion on the Pacific, 1641-1850; An
    I BOUGHT WITH THE rNCOME OF THE SAGE ENDOWMENT FUND THE GIFT OF Henrs W. Sage 1891 i3AMS^. 3.0J/777/.7-- 086 365 388 Cornell University Library The original of tiiis bool< is in tine Cornell University Library. There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text. http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924086365388 RUSSIAN EXPANSION ON THE PACIFIC 1641-1850 y" 'J. iKftlft 9ue Ion eh , '^, -fiosierpariii ^Ixe) jept&nirion /aroo/eAB Z'okhota a oo/charareAa ef/ environ ne acetfue liad/t Je Copliaine Beer/nqs /eferme Seja rouff ianS la cjuellei/ a Toujcuri/wvi la qcte ^ e/f le point C/ous 'j la laf/lude de ^7 "/a el a ^ j2l.ds^rB6 alk,Jtc/umendiendii.1ihohk "^"'^ e/, i//,e fio/nfe ^11 ^"J"'*^ ^ers E vis c v,5 de /a relle,/ya^/o,if / des g/c,o»S Cfu, empec/,o,enf /e phs Joo.ent dehdouikr qulapres cela laterre foutnoH vers F ou /e dechc^rqeoient les rivters 'he Jio/ima ef /c, Lena p-Q, Sketch illustrating Bering's first voyage Made by J. N. Delisle and based on his conversation with Bering [Delisle Manuscripts, xxv, 6\ RUSSIAN EXPANSION ON THE PACIFIC 1641-1850 AN ACCOUNT OF THE EARLIEST AND LATER EXPEDITIONS MADE BY THE RUSSIANS ALONG THE PACIFIC COAST OF ASIA AND NORTH AMERICA; INCLUDING SOME RELATED EXPEDITIONS TO THE ARCTIC REGIONS BY F. A. COLDER THE ARTHUR H. CLARK COMPANY CLEVELAND: 1914 j\.3(<i.S5 5H COPYRIGHT, I9I4, BY F. A.
    [Show full text]
  • ©Copyright 2011 Stephen Colby Phillips
    ©Copyright 2011 Stephen Colby Phillips Networked Glass: Lithic Raw Material Consumption and Social Networks in the Kuril Islands, Far Eastern Russia Stephen Colby Phillips A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy University of Washington 2011 Program Authorized to Offer Degree: Anthropology University of Washington Abstract Networked Glass: Lithic Raw Material Consumption and Social Networks in the Kuril Islands, Far Eastern Russia Stephen Colby Phillips Chair of the Supervisory Committee: Associate Professor J. Benjamin Fitzhugh Anthropology This research assesses the effects of environmental conditions on the strategic decisions of low-density foragers in regards to their stone tool raw material procurement and consumption behavior. Social as well as technological adaptations allow human groups to meet the challenges of environments that are circumscribed due to geographic isolation, low biodiversity, and the potential impacts of natural events. Efficient resource management and participation in social networks can be viewed within the framework of human behavioral ecology as optimal forms of behavior aimed at increasing the chances of successful adaptations to dynamic island environments. A lithic resource consumption behavioral model is constructed and predictions derived from the model are tested through the analysis of lithic flake debitage from artifact assemblages representing 2,100 years of human occupation in the Kuril Islands of Far Eastern Russia in the North Pacific Ocean. The relative proportions of debitage across lithic reduction sequence stages provides a measure of lithic reduction intensity, which is compared with the model predictions based on the environmental conditions and local availability of lithic resources in six archaeological sites.
    [Show full text]
  • Kuril Islands Expedition
    KURIL ISLANDS EXPEDITION Draped across the north Pacific Ocean from Hokkaido, Japan, to Russia’s Kamchatka Peninsula, the 22 islands and 30 islets of the Kuril Islands form a necklace of active volcanoes and sea-sculpted coastlines waiting to be explored. Nutrient-rich waters washing this ‘Pacific Rim of Fire’ teem with marine life, from sea otters to harbour seals, Steller sea lions to orca, Dall’s porpoise to beaked and sperm whales. The islands form a natural ‘flyway’ for migratory birds including both horned and tufted puffins, whiskered and rhinoceros auklets and exquisite little murrelets. You’ll Zodiac into flooded calderas, beneath soaring bird cliffs, to landings where brown bears fish for salmon. The fittest may even attempt to attempt to climb a volcano. Every day brings new adventure. ITINERARY Day 1 Tokyo Upon check-in at Hotel Nikko Narita Airport, reception staff will provide you with Aurora Expeditions cabin tags. Please fill out the luggage tags clearly, showing your name and cabin number to allow us to deliver your luggage to your cabin ahead. At our voyage briefing, enjoy a welcome drink and meet fellow expeditioners, before spending the night in preparation for your charter flight to Petropavlovsk-Kamchatskiy. Accommodation: Hotel Nikko Narita Airport Day 2 Petropavlovsk-Kamchatskiy 0800 945 3327 (within New Zealand) | +64 (0) 3 365 1355 | 1800 107 715 (within Australia) [email protected] | wildearth-travel.com Board our charter flight to Petropavlovsk-Kamchatskiy to embark the Sylvia Day 9 Yankicha Island Earle. After boarding, there is time to settle into your cabin before our important safety briefings.
    [Show full text]
  • 279 Along-Arc Variations of K-Ar Ages for the Submarine Volcanic Rocks in the Kurile Islands
    279 Along-arc variations of K-Ar ages for the submarine volcanic rocks in the Kurile Islands Yoshihiro Ishizukaa, Mitsuhiro Nakagawab, Akira Babab, Takeshi Hasegawac, Ayumi Kosugib, Shimpei Uesawab, Akikazu Matsumotoa and Alexander Rybind a Geological Survey of Japan, AIST, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8567, Japan b Hokkaido University, N10 W8 Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-0810, Japan c Ibaraki University, 2-1-1 Bunkyo, Mito, Ibaraki 310-8512, Japan d Institute of Marine Geology and Geophysics, 5 Nauka Street, Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk, 693022, Russia Seventeen K-Ar ages of submarine volcanic rocks from Urup to Paramushir Islands, south to north Kurile Islands, are measured in order to reveal the evolution of the Kurile arc. These islands construct a volcanic active arc (Greater Kurile Ridge) that formed from vigorous submarine volcanic activity beginning in the Miocene (Nemoto and Sasa, 1960; Gorshkov, 1970; Sergeyev and Krasny, 1987). We described submarine volcanic rocks consisting of hyaloclastites and dykes with minor amount of pillow lavas at the coastal cliffs at each islands. Sampled hyaloclastites are meter-sized breccias that have polyhedron with radial cooling joints and matrix of very fine to fine sand size’s ash. Dykes have cooling joints with several centimeters. They are composed of basalt to andesite having 49-59% SiO2 in whole-rock chemistries. K-Ar ages of selected unalternated to weekly alternated rocks are measured in Geological Survey of Japan, AIST, by isotope dilution method. The ages of the islands based on K-Ar ages as follows. (a) South Kurile: 8.36 Ma, 5.82 Ma and 4.21 Ma (Urup Island) (b) Central Kurile: 3.13 Ma, 2.13 Ma, 1.78 Ma and 1.45 Ma (Simushir Island), 1.17 Ma (Ushishir Island) 1.15 Ma, 1.06 Ma and 0.79 Ma (Rasshua Island) 1.61 Ma (Matua Island.) 0.97 Ma, 0.62 Ma (Shiashkotan Island) (c) North Kuril: 1.29 Ma (Makanrushi Island) 7.04 Ma and 3.49 Ma (Paramushir Island) These results show that the submarine volcanic rocks on Urup and Paramushir Islands are old in Late Miocene to Early Pliocene.
    [Show full text]
  • 20. Russo-Japanese Relations and the Security of North-East Asia in the 21St Century
    20. Russo-Japanese relations and the security of North-East Asia in the 21st century Tsuyoshi Hasegawa I. Introduction Since the spring of 1996 Russo-Japanese relations have shown remarkable improvement. At the beginning of 1997, the Japanese Ministry of Foreign Affairs initiated a ‘multi-layered’ approach to Russia, expanding cooperation into the economic and security areas and abandoning the policy of ‘balanced expansion’ which linked the level of economic cooperation with progress on the issue of the southern Kuril Islands. In July then Prime Minister Ryutaro Hashimoto delivered a historic speech at the Keizai Doyukai (the Japanese Association of Corporate Executives), proclaiming Japan’s Eurasian foreign policy and enunciating three principles—trust, mutual interest and long-term perspective—as the guiding principles of Japan’s Russia policy.1 This was followed by two ‘no-necktie’ meetings between Hashimoto and Russian Presi- dent Boris Yeltsin, first in November 1997 at Krasnoyarsk and then in April 1998 at Kawana in Japan. At Krasnoyarsk Hashimoto and Yeltsin signed the Hashimoto–Yeltsin Plan for economic cooperation and pledged to conclude a peace treaty by the year 2000, resolving the question of the Kuril Islands on the basis of the 1993 Tokyo Declaration.2 At Kawana, Hashimoto reportedly proposed a solution to the territorial issue by proposing the demarcation of the border.3 Hashimoto was scheduled to make a trip to Moscow in the autumn of 1998, at which point Yeltsin was expected to respond to this proposal. The unprecedented speed with which both sides attempted to repair relations that had long been in stalemate gave rise to expectations in both Japan and Russia that it might indeed be possible to conclude a peace treaty before the next millennium.
    [Show full text]
  • UNIVERSITÀ CÀ FOSCARI DI VENEZIA Ri
    1 UNIVERSITÀ CÀ FOSCARI DI VENEZIA ri Corso di Laurea magistrale (ordinamento ex D.M. 270/2004) in Relazioni Internazionali Comparate Tesi di Laurea RELAZIONI TRA GIAPPONE E UNIONE SOVIETICA: LA DISPUTA TERRITORIALE DELLE ISOLE CURILI DAGLI INIZI A OGGI Relatore Chiar.ma Prof.ssa Rosa Caroli Correlatore Chiar.ma Prof.ssa Arianna Miorandi Laureando Nicola Costalunga Matricola 826259 Anno Accademico 2011 / 2012 2 3 INDICE DELLA TESI Abstract ...................................................................................... vii Lista delle illustrazioni ...................................................................... xi Avvertenza .................................................................................. xiii Introduzione .................................................................................. 1 Capitolo primo Le origini della contesa territoriale tra Giappone e Unione Sovietica: dalla scoperta dell’arcipelago delle Curili alla loro occupazione nel 1945 1.1 - Le origini della contesa territoriale tra Giappone e Unione Sovietica ................... 5 1.2 - Le prime relazioni tra i due Paesi ....................................................... 14 1.3 - Metà 19° secolo: i confini vengono stabiliti ............................................ 20 1.4 - Il Trattato di Shimoda ................................................................... 25 1.5 - L’ultimo trattato dell’800 e la regolazione dei confini ................................. 27 1.6 – Il Novecento: dalla Guerra Russo-Giapponese all’occupazione dei Territori
    [Show full text]