Medina: Reviving Place Identity Through Public Space
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The Destruction of Religious and Cultural Sites I. Introduction The
Mapping the Saudi State, Chapter 7: The Destruction of Religious and Cultural Sites I. Introduction The Ministry for Islamic Affairs, Endowments, Da’wah, and Guidance, commonly abbreviated to the Ministry of Islamic Affairs (MOIA), supervises and regulates religious activity in Saudi Arabia. Whereas the Commission for the Promotion of Virtue and the Prevention of Vice (CPVPV) directly enforces religious law, as seen in Mapping the Saudi State, Chapter 1,1 the MOIA is responsible for the administration of broader religious services. According to the MOIA, its primary duties include overseeing the coordination of Islamic societies and organizations, the appointment of clergy, and the maintenance and construction of mosques.2 Yet, despite its official mission to “preserve Islamic values” and protect mosques “in a manner that fits their sacred status,”3 the MOIA is complicit in a longstanding government campaign against the peninsula’s traditional heritage – Islamic or otherwise. Since 1925, the Al Saud family has overseen the destruction of tombs, mosques, and historical artifacts in Jeddah, Medina, Mecca, al-Khobar, Awamiyah, and Jabal al-Uhud. According to the Islamic Heritage Research Foundation, between just 1985 and 2014 – through the MOIA’s founding in 1993 –the government demolished 98% of the religious and historical sites located in Saudi Arabia.4 The MOIA’s seemingly contradictory role in the destruction of Islamic holy places, commentators suggest, is actually the byproduct of an equally incongruous alliance between the forces of Wahhabism and commercialism.5 Compelled to acknowledge larger demographic and economic trends in Saudi Arabia – rapid population growth, increased urbanization, and declining oil revenues chief among them6 – the government has increasingly worked to satisfy both the Wahhabi religious establishment and the kingdom’s financial elite. -
Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Digital Book
Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Introduction The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is the largest country in the Arabian Peninsula. It is about the size of the United States East side of the Mississippi River. It is located in the Middle East, in the western portion of the continent of Asia. The kingdom is bounded by the Gulf of Aqaba and the Red Sea in the west and the Persian Gulf in the east. Can You Find it? Look up Saudi Arabia on the world map. How far is it from your country? https://www.worldatlas.com/ Facts at a Glance Language: Arabic. Religion: Islam Head of State: King Monetary Unit: Saudi Riyal Population: 22,000,000 Arabic Did you know? Arabic is written from right to left It has 28 letters Muslims believe that the Quran was revealed in Arabic by the Angel Gabriel (Jibreel) to Prophet Muhammad peace be Audio File of the Arabic Alphabet upon him. Now and Then Compare and contrast the Arabian Peninsula in 650 CE and how the political map looks now. What are the similarities? Differences? Major Cities Riyadh Mecca Jeddah Medina Where Am I? See if you can label these countries: 1. Kuwait 2.Oman 3.Qatar 4.Saudi Arabia 5.The United Arab Emirates (UAE) 6.Yemen. Can you label the area's major seas and waterways? The Red Sea Gulf of Aden Gulf of Oman The Persian Gulf (also called the Arabian Gulf). Riyadh: [ ree-yahd ] The capital and the largest city. In the older part of the city, the streets are narrow. -
Accessory Building
Medina County Building Department Main: (330) 722-9220 Permit Center Fax: (330) 764-8204 791 W. Smith Rd. Medina, Ohio 44256 https://medinaco.org/building- department RESIDENTIAL ACCESSORY BUILDING An accessory building (sheds, barns, storage building) is a structure that is located on the same lot as a residence and is typically used for storage. It does not contain a living space. Accessory buildings 200 square feet and less DO NOT require a permit (zoning approval may still be required). For pole frame style accessory buildings, please note that buildings over 36’ in width, or 16’ in height, or with 2nd floor or attic -require an architect or engineer. Please see the Post Frame Accessory Structures guide for further limitations and details. Please follow the guidelines below to ensure timely permit acquisition. 1. Medina County Health Department (330)-723-9523 If your property has a septic system or a well, cistern, spring or pond (used for drinking water), follow these guidelines: a. Sewage system components require ten-foot isolation from a building or other structure. If you need to be any closer you need approval from the Health Commissioner. b. Wells, cisterns, springs and ponds used for drinking water are also required to be ten feet from any structure. ***If deviating from these guidelines please contact the Medina County Health Dept 2. Local Zoning Obtain an approval from your local zoning official. Zoning numbers are listed on our website at “associated contacts and reports” . 3. Medina County Highway Engineers (330)-723-9568 Permits are obtained from the Medina County Highway Engineer’s Office, 791 West Smith Rd Medina, OH. -
Jerusalem: a Holy City
Learning about Jerusalem Credits https://www.123rf.com/photo_47303873_unidentified-jewish-worshipers-pray-at-the-wailing-wall-an-important-jewish-religious-site- jerusalem.html http://clipart-library.com/jew-symBol-pics.html http://religious-symBols.net/islam-symBols.html https:// stickeroid.com/?q=Quran%20Clipart https://pixabay.com/en/photos/dome%20of%20the%20rock/ https://www1.cbn.com/cbnnews/israel/2018/february/jerusalem-shelves-tax-plan-on-church-owned-commercial-properties http://worldartsme.com/scripture-christian-clipart.html#gal_post_77715_scripture-christian-clipart-1.jpg Jerusalem: A Holy City Jerusalem, the capital city of Israel, is considered a holy city by three major religions: Judaism, Islam, and Christianity. For centuries, Jerusalem has been a spiritual center. The three religions can be seen in the cultural landmarks (human made buildings that represent an idea or specific place) of Jerusalem and in the symbols used around the world to represent these religions. All three religions describe Abraham as an important figure in their early history. Muslims (followers of Islam) call Abraham, Ibrahim. Abraham and his family were nomads. They lived in tents and traveled from place to place in order to provide good grazing for their sheep. Abraham and his people are believed to have traveled in what is now the country of Israel, as well as areas that are now part of Syria, Turkey, Jordan, and Iraq. All three religions describe Abraham as the father of two sons, Isaac and Ishmael. Jews consider Isaac to be their ancestor, and Arabs consider Ishmael to be their ancestor. Jesus, whom Christians believe to be the son of God, lived in this area also. -
Masjid Al-Aqsa- Why Is It So Important to Muslims? 'And the Prophets Lived
Masjid Al-Aqsa- Why is it so important to Muslims? ‘And the Prophets lived therein. There is not a single inch in Jerusalem where a Prophet or angel not stood’ -Tirmidhi- The Al-Aqsa Sancurtary in Jerusalem is respected and held dear by Muslims for numerous reasons. First QIbla for Prayer From the beginning of time Muslims always prayed facing Jerusalem. This is important because it shows the significance and special position of Jerusalem. Muslims carried on facing Jerusalem in their prayers until 18 months after the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) migrated from Makkah to Medina. The Muslims changed the direction of qibla from Jerusalem to the Kabah in Makkah after Allah commanded them. The Jews in Madinah used to face Jerusalem for their prayers and they did not like it that the Muslims did too and would mock the Prophet (peace be upon him). So Allah revealed: (Verily, We have seen the turning of your (Muhammad's) face towards the heaven. Surely, We shall turn you to a Qiblah (prayer direction) that shall please you, so turn your face in the direction of Al-Masjid Al-Haram (at Makkah).) (2:144). (Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) informed the Muslims that even though the Qibla had changed this did not reduce the importance of Masjid Al-Aqsa to Muslims. Second Masjid built on Earth The second Masjid to be built on earth was Masjid Al-Aqsa in Jerusalem, in Palestine by Prophet Adam. He built Masjid Al-Aqsa 40 years after building the Kabah in Makkah. This makes Masjid Al-Aqsa a central place for Muslims as Allah ordered it to be built by the very first man He put on Earth. -
Architecture – Sun Shades for Pilgrims, Medina
Sefar AG fabric&weather Töberstrasse 4 2021-01-21 9425 Thal Switzerland 250 highly flexible sun shades Phone +41 71 898 57 00 for pilgrims in Medina [email protected] www.sefararchitecture.com Haram Piazza (SA) [FactBox] Fabric SEFAR® Architecture PTFE Fabric Size/Quantity 250 umbrellas, 25.5 x 25.5 m, shaded area of 143’000 m2 Project/Location Haram Piazza, Saudi Arabia (SA) Construction type Umbreallas Architect SL-Rasch GmbH, Leinfelden-Echterdingen (DE) Umbrella construction Liebherr, Biberach an der Riss (DE) General Contractor SBG – Saudi Binladin Group, Saudi Arabia (SA) Assembly/Implementation Taiyo Kogyo Corporation, Japan (JP) [ProjectInfo] Each year,millions of pilgrims flock to the flexibility, colorfastness, fire resistance, as mosque in Medina al-Munawwarah. In well as effective shading and appropriate recent years, the traditional time of pilgrim- light transmission. The extra tough PTFE age has been in the cooler fall and winter fabric developed by Sefar especially for months. This time frame is changing grad- this huge project could not remain pure ually, however. According to the lunar cal- white owing to the intensity of the light endar, the time of pilgrimage is returning to since the strong transmission would have the extremely hot summer months, making blinded people beneath the sunshade. For a sunshade absolutely essential. this reason, the customer chose a sand- It was clear from the beginning that only colored fabric. In addition, oriental patterns PTFE fabric would be able to meet the ex- made from blue PTFE-ribbons should be ceptional situational demands. Other ma- applied to the underside of the umbrella. -
Analysis of Ethnic Relations in the Medina Charter
International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences Vol. 10, No. 10, 2020, E-ISSN: 2222-6990 © 2020 HRMARS Analysis of Ethnic Relations in the Medina Charter Zaleha Embong, Nik Yusri Musa, Nazri Muslim, Nurul Iman Ahmad Bukhari To Link this Article: http://dx.doi.org/10.6007/IJARBSS/v10-i10/7895 DOI:10.6007/IJARBSS/v10-i10/7895 Received: 18 July 2020, Revised: 20 August 2020, Accepted: 15 September 2020 Published Online: 09 October 2020 In-Text Citation: (Embong, Musa, Muslim, & Bukhari, 2020) To Cite this Article: Embong, Z., Musa, N. Y., Muslim, N., & Bukhari, N. I. A. (2020). Analysis of Ethnic Relations in the Medina Charter. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences. 10(10), 22- 31. Copyright: © 2020 The Author(s) Published by Human Resource Management Academic Research Society (www.hrmars.com) This article is published under the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY 4.0) license. Anyone may reproduce, distribute, translate and create derivative works of this article (for both commercial and non-commercial purposes), subject to full attribution to the original publication and authors. The full terms of this license may be seen at: http://creativecommons.org/licences/by/4.0/legalcode Vol. 10, No. 10, 2020, Pg. 22 - 31 http://hrmars.com/index.php/pages/detail/IJARBSS JOURNAL HOMEPAGE Full Terms & Conditions of access and use can be found at http://hrmars.com/index.php/pages/detail/publication-ethics 22 International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences Vol. -
The Medina Charter
The Medina Charter Written by Administrator Wednesday, 02 September 2009 19:21 The first Islamic state was founded not in the shadow of swords, as is commonly believed in some circles, but in the security of a social contract, called the Constitution of Medina. By all counts, the Medina Constitution lit the torch of freedom by establishing a Free State for a pluralistic community composed of Muslims, Jews, and pagans. This unprecedented Free State, the first of its kind in the intellectual and political history of human civilization, was founded by none other than Prophet Muhammad himself in the Gregorian year of 622, that is, more than thirteen hundred years before the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948) envisaged a modern pluralistic, religiously tolerant Free State- Prof. Ali Khan, Professor of Law, Washburn University. The Constitution of Medina sets out in general terms the rights of various classes of citizens, their duties to each other, and the manner in which disputes would be resolved. A small number of the people of Yathrib were already Muslims, having converted during the period when Muhammad (SAW) and his followers were being persecuted in Mecca. The rest of the people of Yathrib were non-Muslims, either pagans or Jews. The pact signaled these peoples' voluntary agreement to be ruled by Islamic law. They hoped that by having this external, objective source of laws, the strife that was tearing their community apart would be healed. The Jews in Medina were a minority group. They were clients of the two major Arab tribes, some on one side of the dispute and some on the other. -
Religious Pluralism and Peace: Lessons from the Medina Charter
www.rsis.edu.sg No. 035 – 16 February 2016 RSIS Commentary is a platform to provide timely and, where appropriate, policy-relevant commentary and analysis of topical issues and contemporary developments. The views of the authors are their own and do not represent the official position of the S. Rajaratnam School of International Studies, NTU. These commentaries may be reproduced electronically or in print with prior permission from RSIS and due recognition to the author(s) and RSIS. Please email: [email protected] for feedback to the Editor RSIS Commentary, Yang Razali Kassim. Religious Pluralism and Peace: Lessons from the Medina Charter By Mohamed Bin Ali Synopsis The Medina Charter constituted by Prophet Muhammad in 622 in Arabia was intended to end inter-tribal conflicts and maintain peace and cooperation among the Medinan people 1,400 years ago. Many lessons can be drawn from the Charter to enhance peaceful inter-religious relations today amid current moves to revive this historic document. Commentary THE MEDINA Charter (Arabic: Sahifah Medina or Dustur Medina) is arguably known to be the first constitution ever written incorporating religion and politics. Drawn up by Prophet Muhammad, the Charter was intended to end inter-tribal conflicts and maintain peace and cooperation among the people of Medina, which, after Mecca, is Islam’s second holiest place where the first Muslim community was established. It constituted a formal agreement between Prophet Muhammad and all the tribes and families of Yathrib (the old name for Medina) including Muslims, Jews, Christians and pagans. The Charter serves as an example for resolving disputes where peace and pluralism were achieved not through violence but rather respect, tolerance, and peaceful means. -
Saudi Arabia 2019 International Religious Freedom Report
SAUDI ARABIA 2019 INTERNATIONAL RELIGIOUS FREEDOM REPORT Executive Summary According to the 1992 Basic Law of Governance, the country’s official religion is Islam and the constitution is the Quran and Sunna (traditions and practices based on the life of the Prophet Muhammad). The legal system is based largely on sharia as interpreted by the Hanbali school of Sunni Islamic jurisprudence. Freedom of religion is not provided under the law. The government does not allow the public practice of any non-Muslim religion. The law criminalizes “anyone who challenges, either directly or indirectly, the religion or justice of the King or Crown Prince.” The law criminalizes “the promotion of atheistic ideologies in any form,” “any attempt to cast doubt on the fundamentals of Islam,” publications that “contradict the provisions of Islamic law,” and other acts including non-Islamic public worship, public display of non-Islamic religious symbols, conversion by a Muslim to another religion, and proselytizing by a non-Muslim. In January and May, police raided predominantly Shia villages in al-Qatif Governorate, stating the raids were carried out to arrest terrorist cells or preempt terrorist attacks. On November 13, rights groups announced that Hussein al-Ribh, a 38-year-old Shia activist who was in detention since 2017, died in Dammam Prison. Some Shia activists outside the country stated that authorities tortured al-Ribh while he was detained. In April the government executed 37 citizens for “terrorism crimes,” the largest mass execution since 2016. According to Human Rights Watch (HRW), at least 33 of the 37 were from the country’s minority Shia community and had been convicted following what they stated were unfair trials for various alleged crimes, including protest-related offenses. -
Lighter Is Better How Virtual Prototyping Helps Smaller Companies Develop Lighter and Greener Products
The Virtual Prototyping Magazine Lighter is Better How Virtual Prototyping Helps Smaller Companies Develop Lighter and Greener Products special report SL Rasch Relies on Virtual Performance Solution to Achieve Architectural Excellence Register: www.esi-group.com/CompositesSeminar2015 Contents Editorial 04 special report Lighter is Better: How Virtual Prototyping Helps Smaller Companies Develop Lighter and Greener Products Fouad El-Khaldi Industry Strategy & Innovation 09 customer success General Manager, Casting Simulation Helps Honda Cut Die Design Trials ESI Group Significantly Mitsubishi Hitachi Power Systems Europe Increases its Competitiveness with IC.IDO SL Rasch Relies on Virtual Performance Solution to Achieve Architectural Excellence Many small and medium enterprises (SMEs) today are unaware AEROCAMPUS Aquitaine Adopts IC.IDO to Offer of the value Virtual Prototyping software can bring to their Virtual Reality to its Trainees University of Ulster Relies on PAM-STAMP to Develop business. Common perception may be that the technology Innovative Manufacturing Processes for an Aeronautic is too complex or too expensive and, thus, accessible only Part to larger organizations. This is a misconception today: the Inegi Uses ProCAST to Manufacture Hip Prostheses technical and financial barriers preventing small companies Cost Effectively from switching to numerical modeling are disappearing (page4). Comil Ônibus Reduces Distortion by 75% Using Weld Planner Simulation Software Technology is part of our daily lives and simulation is everywhere -
Textile Architecture Informed by Wind
THESIS FOR THE DEGREE OF LICENTIATE OF ARCHITECTURE Textile architecture informed by wind ERICA HÖRTEBORN Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering CHALMERS UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY Göteborg, Sweden 2020 Textile architecture informed by wind ERICA HÖRTEBORN © ERICA HÖRTEBORN, 2020 Report series: Lic /Architecture and Civil Engineering / Chalmers University of Technology Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering Division of Architectural Theory and Methods Architecture and Engineering research group Chalmers university of technology SE-412 96 Göteborg Sweden Telephone: + 46 (0)31-772 1000 Cover: Textiles knitted with a drop-stitch technique, in relaxed state and with airflow applied. (more info in paper A, summarised on p.47). Chalmers Reproservice Göteborg, Sweden, 2020 II ABSTRACT Textiles in architecture is a field of great potential, which are worth to explore further. This thesis aims to show that the flexibility of the textile material could be better included in the architectural design, allowing it to adapt to forces, such as the wind, and viewing motion as a positive design feature. The main methods for this were a literature study and design investigations, using physical as well as digital prototypes, with extra focus on the material flexibility and knitted textiles. The field textile architecture informed by wind is defined through three main components: the textile material, the lightweight structure, and the wind. Textiles are, here, seen as a material with structural and aesthetical flexibility and diversity that can adapt to as well as carry applied loads. Lightweight structures are concepts for material efficiency and structural elegance. And, wind informed architecture is the concept of including the phenomena of wind in the architectural design, as a free source of energy or force that could be used, absorbed, or directed to create beauty and to form a more comfortable environment.