Southeast Asia Threevisited Luke Bradley [email protected] September 7, 2020
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THE PHONOLOGY of PROTO-TAI a Dissertation Presented to The
THE PHONOLOGY OF PROTO-TAI A Dissertation Presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School of Cornell University In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy by Pittayawat Pittayaporn August 2009 © 2009 Pittayawat Pittayaporn THE PHONOLOGY OF PROTO-TAI Pittayawat Pittayaporn, Ph. D. Cornell University 2009 Proto-Tai is the ancestor of the Tai languages of Mainland Southeast Asia. Modern Tai languages share many structural similarities and phonological innovations, but reconstructing the phonology requires a thorough understanding of the convergent trends of the Southeast Asian linguistic area, as well as a theoretical foundation in order to distinguish inherited traits from universal tendencies, chance, diffusion, or parallel development. This dissertation presents a new reconstruction of Proto-Tai phonology, based on a systematic application of the Comparative Method and an appreciation of the force of contact. It also incorporates a large amount of dialect data that have become available only recently. In contrast to the generally accepted assumption that Proto-Tai was monosyllabic, this thesis claims that Proto-Tai was a sesquisyllabic language that allowed both sesquisyllabic and monosyllabic prosodic words. In the proposed reconstruction, it is argued that Proto-Tai had three contrastive phonation types and six places of articulation. It had plain voiceless, implosive, and voiced stops, but lacked the aspirated stop series (central to previous reconstructions). As for place of articulation, Proto-Tai had a distinctive uvular series, in addition to the labial, alveolar, palatal, velar, and glottal series typically reconstructed. In the onset, these consonants can combine to form tautosyllabic clusters or sequisyllabic structures. -
Vietnam Briefing Packet
VIETNAM PROVIDING COMMUNITY HEALTH TO POPULATIONS MOST IN NEED se P RE-FIELD BRIEFING PACKET VIETNAM 1151 Eagle Drive, Loveland, CO, 80537 | (970) 635-0110 | [email protected] | www.imrus.org VIETNAM Country Briefing Packet Contents ABOUT THIS PACKET 3 BACKGROUND 4 EXTENDING YOUR STAY? 5 HEALTH OVERVIEW 6 COUNTRY OVERVIEW 10 History 10 Geography 12 Climate and Weather 12 Demographics 13 Economy 15 Education 16 Culture 17 Religion 18 Poverty 18 SURVIVAL GUIDE 19 Etiquette 19 Language 21 Safety 24 Currency 26 CURRENT CONVERSATION RATE OF 11 April, 2016 27 IMR RECOMMENDATIONS ON PERSONAL FUNDS 27 Time in Vietnam 28 EMBASSY INFORMATION 28 WEBSITES 30 !2 1151 Eagle Drive, Loveland, CO, 80537 | (970) 635-0110 | [email protected] | www.imrus.org VIETNAM Country Briefing Packet ABOUT THIS PACKET This packet has been created to serve as a resource for the VIETNAM Medical and Dental Team. This packet is information about the country and can be read at your leisure or on the airplane. The first section of this booklet is specific to the areas we will be working near (however, not the actual clinic locations) and contains information you may want to know before the trip. The contents herein are not for distributional purposes and are intended for the use of the team and their families. Sources of the information all come from public record and documentation. You may access any of the information and more updates directly from the World Wide Web and other public sources. !3 1151 Eagle Drive, Loveland, CO, 80537 | (970) 635-0110 | [email protected] | www.imrus.org VIETNAM Country Briefing Packet BACKGROUND The conquest of Vietnam by France began in 1858 and was completed by 1884. -
The Tonal Comparative Method: Tai Tone in Historical Perspective
Abstract The Tonal Comparative Method: Tai Tone in Historical Perspective Rikker Dockum 2019 To date, the majority of attention given to sound change in lexical tone has focused on how an atonal language becomes tonal and on early stage tone development, a process known as tonogenesis. Lexical tone here refers to the systematic and obligatory variation of prosodic acoustic cues, primarily pitch height and contour, to encode contrastive lexical meaning. Perhaps the most crucial insight to date in accounting for tonogenesis is that lexically contrastive tone, a suprasegmental feature, is bom from segmental origins. What remains less studied and more poorly understood is how tone changes after it is well established in a language or language family. In the centuries following tonogenesis, tones continue to undergo splits, mergers, and random drift, both in their phonetic realization and in the phonemic categories that underlie those surface tones. How to incorporate this knowledge into such historical linguistic tasks as reconstmction, subgrouping, and language classification in a generally applicable fashion has remained elusive. The idea of reconstmcting tone, and the use of tonal evidence for language classifi cation, is not new. However, the predominant conventional wisdom has long been that tone is impenetrable by the traditional Comparative Method. This dissertation presents a new methodological approach to sound change in lexical tone for languages where tone is already firmly established. The Tonal Comparative Method is an extension of the logic of the traditional Comparative Method, and is a method for incorporating tonal evidence into historical analyses in a manner consistent with the first principles of the longstanding Comparative Method. -
Mobility and Heritage in Northern Thailand and Laos: Past and Present
and Heritage rn Thailand and Laos: Past and Present Prooeedlngs of the Chiang Mai Conterence. 1 - 2 December 2011 Mobility and Heritage in Northern Thailand and Laos: Past and Present Mobility and Heritage in Northern Thailand and Laos: Past and Present Proceedings 0/ the Chiang Mai Conference, 1 - 2 December 20 11 Editedby Olivier Evrar~ Dominique Cuillaud Chqyan Vaddhanaphuti Post/ace by Charles F. Keyes 4 Mobility andheritage in Northern Thailand andLaostpastandpresent Copyright © 2013 Institut de Recherche pour le Developpement, Printed in Chiang Mai at Good Print. National Library of Thailand Cataloging in Publication Data Evrard,Olivier. Mobility and Heritage in Northern Thailand and Laos: Past and Present.-- Chiang Mai : Center for Ethnic Studies and Development, Faculty of Social Sciences, Chiang Mai University, 2013. 302p. 1. Thailand--History. 2. Laos--History. 1.Guillaud, Dominique, jt. auth. Il. Vaddhanaphuti, Chayan, jt. auth. rv Billault, Laurence, ill. V. Tide. 959.3 ISBN 978-974-672-822-5 Cover picture © Olivier Evrard Lamet woman walking toward her field hut. Ban Takrong, Pha Oudom district, Bokeo province, Lao PD.R. Layout: Laurence Billault illustration & cartography: Laurence Btllault, Elisabeth Habert Institut de Recherche pour le Developpernent : http://wwmirdfr/ PALOC: http://www.paloc.irdfr/ Center for Ethnic Studies and Development, Faculty of Social Sciences, Chiang Mai University. http://www.cesdsoc.cmu.ac.th/ Contents Contents Authors 9 Introduction 11 Mobility and Heritage in Northern Thailand and Laos: Past and Present 11 DOMINIQUE GUILLAUD CHAYAN VADDHANAPHUTI Part 1 Historic andSymbolic Traces ofSedentz"sm 25 1. Sedentarity and metallurgy in upland Southeast Asia 27 OLIVER PRYCE 2. Foucling,deserting and returning: the impeded sedentism of Northern Tai populations. -
Languages of Viet Nam
Ethnologue report for Viet Nam Page 1 of 21 Languages of Viet Nam See language map. [See also SIL publications on the languages of Viet Nam.] Socialist Republic of Vietnam. Cong Hoa Xa Hoi Chu Nghia Viet Nam. 82,689,518. Population includes 54 official ethnic communities. 56,849,370 or 94% speakers of Austro-Asiatic languages, 2,255,450 or 3.7% speakers of Daic languages, 679,000 or 1.1% speakers of Miao- Yao languages, 492,000 or 0.8% speakers of Austronesian languages, 40,000 speakers of Tibeto- Burman languages (1991 J. Matisoff). National or official language: Vietnamese. Literacy rate: 78% to 88%. Also includes Mandarin Chinese, Northern Dong. Information mainly from C. P. Miller 1964, 1966; M. Barker 1966; D. Thomas 1966, 1969, 1976, 1980; D. Thomas and R. Headley, Jr. 1970; F. Lebar, G. Hickey, J. Musgrave 1964; K. Smith 1968; J. A. Edmondson and D. B. Solnit 1997. Blind population: 200,000 (1982 WCE). Deaf institutions: 1. The number of languages listed for Viet Nam is 103. Of those, 102 are living languages and 1 is extinct. Living languages Akha [ahk] 1,261 in Viet Nam (1995 Institute for Southeast Asian Studies, Hanoi). Quang Binh and Quang Tri Provinces both sides of the Viet Nam-Laos border, northeast of Phuc Trach. Alternate names: Kaw, Ekaw, Ikaw, Aka, Ak'a, Ahka, Ko, Khako, Kha Ko, Khao Ikor, Aini, Yani. Classification: Sino-Tibetan, Tibeto- Burman, Lolo-Burmese, Loloish, Southern, Akha, Hani, Ha-Ya More information. Arem [aem] 20 in Viet Nam (1996 Ferlus). Population total all countries: 40. -
SEATIDE Integration in Southeast Asia: Trajectories of Inclusion, Dynamics of Exclusion Ethnic Minorities, the State, and Beyond
SEATIDE Integration in Southeast Asia: Trajectories of Inclusion, Dynamics of Exclusion Ethnic minorities, the State, and beyond: Focus on Mainland Southeast Asia Ethnic minorities, the State, and beyond: Focus on Mainland Southeast Asia Vatthana Pholsena To cite this version: Vatthana Pholsena. SEATIDE Integration in Southeast Asia: Trajectories of Inclusion, Dynamics of Exclusion Ethnic minorities, the State, and beyond: Focus on Mainland Southeast Asia Ethnic minorities, the State, and beyond: Focus on Mainland Southeast Asia. [Research Report] EFEO, Ecole française d’Extrême-Orient; National University of Singapore. 2016. halshs-01963789 HAL Id: halshs-01963789 https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-01963789 Submitted on 21 Dec 2018 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. SEATIDE Integration in Southeast Asia: Trajectories of Inclusion, Dynamics of Exclusion WP2 Deliverable 2.3: Online paper 1: Politics of ethnicity Ethnic minorities, the State, and beyond: Focus on Mainland Southeast Asia Ethnic minorities, the State, and beyond: Focus on Mainland Southeast Asia Vatthana Pholsena (National University of Singapore) Introduction The newly independent and internationally recognized states that emerged in the second half of the twentieth century in Southeast Asia encompassed extremely diverse cultures and societies; in many parts of the region, there is in fact little coherence between the boundaries of modern states and the spatial distribution of linguistic, religious, ethnic, and racial groups. -
Greater Mekong Subregion Tourism Infrastructure for Inclusive Growth Project
GMS Tourism Infrastructure for Inclusive Growth Project (RRP VIE 46293-005) Ethnic Minority Development Plan January 2014 Socialist Republic of Viet Nam: Greater Mekong Subregion Tourism Infrastructure for Inclusive Growth Project Prepared by the Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism, Socialist Republic of Viet Nam, for the Asian Development Bank. This Ethnic Minority Development Plan is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB’s Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature. Your attention is directed to the “terms of use” section of this website. In preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, the Asian Development Bank does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area. CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS (as of 17 January 2014) Currency Unit – Viet Nam Dong (D) D1.00 = $0.00004 $1.00 = D21,074 ABBREVIATIONS ADB – Asian Development Bank AH – affected household AP – affected persons CTG – community tourism group DCST – Department of Culture, Sports and Tourism DBST – double bituminous surface treatment DMO – destination management organization EMDP – Ethnic Minority Development Plan GAP – gender action plan GMS – Greater Mekong Subregion HH – Household MCST – Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism PCU – project coordination unit PIU – project implementation unit PPTA – project preparatory technical -
Language Ecology and Language Planning in Chiang Rai Province, Thailand
LANGUAGE ECOLOGY AND LANGUAGE PLANNING IN CHIANG RAI PROVINCE, THAILAND Simmee Oupra B.A. (English) Chiang Mai University, Thailand M.Ed. (TEFL) Chiang Mai University, Thailand Dip. (Research in Education) Edith Cowan University, Australia Thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy In Linguistics Department of Linguistics Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences University of Adelaide, Australia January, 2009 CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1.0 Introduction This chapter describes the significance of the study. The chapter also outlines the aims of the study, followed by research questions, choice of the research methodology, organization of the research report, and limitation of the study. 1.1 Significance of the study Language death causes great loss to the world’s traditional knowledge, biodiversity and linguistic diversity. The causes of the loss are largely the results of economic development, political pressure, educational reforms and other forms of development (Crystal, 1997; Fishman, 1996; Lasimbang, Miller, & Otigil, 1992; Luengthongkam, 2002; Maffi, 2001a, 2001b; Nimmanhemin, 2004b). Being fully aware of the language loss problem, linguists played an important role in tackling it and employed methods based on the predominating theoretical linguistics. There have been a number of efforts, studies and research aiming to help prevent languages from dying out by recording them but languages are still dying at an alarming rate. The chilling fact is that by the end of this century 90 percent of the existing languages will disappear and Asia alone accounts for 32 percent (Ethnologue, 2004a; Maffi2004a; Matisoff, 1989). A few studies have noted that most of the languages used in this area are spoken and not written, and are passed on through oral traditions. -
A Grammar of Baba Malay with Sociophonetic Considerations (PDF)
A GRAMMAR OF BABA MALAY WITH SOCIOPHONETIC CONSIDERATIONS A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE GRADUATE DIVISION OF THE UNIVERSITY OF HAWAI‘I AT MĀNOA IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY IN LINGUISTICS DECEMBER 2014 By Nala Huiying Lee Dissertation Committee: Lyle Campbell, Chairperson Andrea Berez Robert Blust Katie Drager Barbara Watson Andaya Copyright © 2014 by Nala Huiying Lee ii Dedicated to the memory of Lee Tai San alias Yap Kim Seng, my Peranakan grandfather and Hung Kok Cheong, my Hockchia grandfather iii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I had looked forward to many things. For example, being able to say, yes there is a doctor on board the plane and could I give you an aspirin? (Just kidding). Chief among which, I had always looked forward to writing this page, knowing that it would mark a particular milestone in my dissertation writing. Yet, this has been the most difficult page I have ever had to write in my thus-far short academic career, not because there is no one to thank, but because I am afraid I might have left you out, and if I do thank you here, there is a high chance that even the most profuse expression of gratitude falls short. Do bear with me as I attempt to do justice to all the kindness I have received. This dissertation was made possible, and due in no small part, to the encouragement and support of many people. My gratitude goes out to my key language consultants who have been nothing but generous with their time and language expertise. -
Burusphat, Ardsamiti, Suraratdecha and Yamabhai
Ethnic Tourism Development in Thailand: the Case of the Black Tai Somsonge Burusphat, Narong Ardsamiti, Sumittra Suraratdecha and Jitjayang Yamabhai ABSTRACT Thailand is one of many countries interested in ethnic tourism development. The greatest challenge in this field is the question of sustainability of ethnic identity and culture. The present study discusses the findings of an “action research” conducted in Phaihuchang village in Banglen district, Nakhon Pathom province, Thailand where the Black Tai or Tai Dam ethnic group, who migrated from Laos, resides. The researchers adopted a 6Ds model, implementing community-based tourism (CBT), Participatory Action Research (PAR), and SWOT analysis. Such an approach to ethnic tourism may facilitate the ethnic tourism development preparation process in the village as well as promote sustainability at the site. The findings of the study reveal positive impacts not only on individuals and the community as a whole, but also tangible and intangible cultural changes. Important factors leading to the successful development of ethnic tourism are also discussed in this paper. Keywords: Ethnic Tourism Development, Community-based tourism, Black Tai (Tai Dam), Nakhon Pathom province, Participatory Action Research, SWOT analysis INTRODUCTION Ethnic tourism emphasizes direct contact and experiences between tourists and a community with a culture and traditions that are different from those of the tourists (Smith 1997). Even though ethnic tourism is able to generate income for a community, in principle, it is meant to be a source of extra income, not the main generator of wealth (Hausler and Strasdas, 2002: 3). Ethnic tourism has received positive worldwide attention, especially among countries where a great variety of ethnic peoples reside. -
Word Accent Systems in the Languages of Asia 2
1 10. Word accent systems in the languages of Asia 2 3 4 1 2 5 Rene´ Schiering and Harry van der Hulst 6 7 1. Introduction 8 9 10 This chapter surveys accentual systems in the languages of Asia. Our objective has been to provide information on as many languages as we 11 could lay our hands on, given the inevitable limitations on the time for 12 13 this project and on access to sources in this period. This survey, then, does not claim anything near completeness. In a way, it presents an 14 agenda for further studies especially witnessed by the many sections where 15 16 little or no information on accentual systems is presented. We are not 17 defending these limitations by claiming that the basic descriptive work has not been done in all these cases, although for many languages this is 18 19 probably true. We have no doubt, however, that a lot of useful infor- 20 mation on word accent has been gathered and is present in the countless language descriptions that we have been unable to consult. There may 21 22 even be typological surveys that focus on word accent that we have 23 overlooked. With all these limitations and shortcomings, we hope that this chapter still o¤ers a useful inventory which will stimulate further typo- 24 25 logical and theoretical research. 26 In section 2, we outline the contents of this chapter, motivating its organization and introducing the conventions which guide the presenta- 27 28 tion of accentual data. Section 3 explains on which materials this survey 29 is based. -
Beckwith Koguryo the Language of Japans Continental Relatives.Pdf
KOGURYO THE LANGUAGE OF JAPAN’S CONTINENTAL RELATIVES BRILL’S JAPANESE STUDIES LIBRARY edited by H. BOLITHO AND K.W. RADTKE VOLUME 21 KOGURYO THE LANGUAGE OF JAPAN’S CONTINENTAL RELATIVES An Introduction to The Historical-Comparative Study of the Japanese- Koguryoic Languages With a Preliminary Description of Archaic Northeastern Middle Chinese BY CHRISTOPHER I. BECKWITH BRILL LEIDEN • BOSTON 2004 This book is printed on acid-free paper. Illustration on the cover: Drawing by C.I. Beckwith, after a Koguryo tomb mural painting. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Beckwith, Christopher I., 1945- Koguryo, the language of Japan’s continental relatives : an introduction to the historical-comparative study of the Japanese-Koguryoic languages with a preliminary description of Archaic northeastern Middle Chinese / by Christopher I. Beckwith. p. cm. — (Brill’s Japanese studies library, 0925-6512 ; v. 21) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 90-04-13949-4 (hd. cover) 1. Japanese language—Foreign elements—Korean. 2. Korean language—Influence on Japanese. 3. Korean language—To 935—Etymology. I. Title. II. Series. PL664.K6 B43 2004 495.6’24957—dc22 2004049680 ISSN 0925-6512 ISBN 90 04 13949 4 © Copyright 2004 by Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, The Netherlands All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, translated, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior written permission from the publisher. Authorization to photocopy items for internal or personal use is granted by Brill provided that the appropriate fees are paid directly to The Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Suite 910 Danvers MA 01923, USA.