SURVEY OTES Volume 32, Number 1 January 2000

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Utah's Thrust System TABLE OF CONTENTS Utah's Thrust System ...... 1 New Publications ...... 4 The Director's Geologic Mapping News ...... 5 Teacher's Comer ...... 7 Perspective Energy News ...... 8 by Kimm Harty Survey News ...... 9 Glad You Asked ...... 10 New Utah Minerals ...... 12 The Rockhounder ...... 13 Design by Vicky Clarke Cover: Aerial view, looking northwest Acting Director's Comments toward the north side of Ogden Canyon Yes, as you can see, there's a new face continue to "work smart" during showing east-dipping Ogden thrust re­ peating Cambrian Tintic Quartzite. in the Director's photo box. Since these times of tight state budgets. July 1999 I have been Acting Director Photo by Thomas Chidsey. In this coming year, we will be mak­ of the UGS, and will continue to serve ing the changes necessary to guide us State of Utah in this role until a new Director is through tough financial times and Michael 0. Leavitt, Governor named by Kathleen Clarke, Executive lead us into the next century and mil­ Department of Natural Resources Director of the Department of Natural Kathleen Clarke, Executive Director lennium. First, we anticipate having Resources (DNR). At this time, the UGS Board a new director some time in 2000. Craig Nelson, Chair search for a new director has been Second, we are revisiting our pro­ Richard R. Kennedy Robert Robison temporarily suspended, as it has re­ E.H. Deedee O'Brien Charles Semborski cently become apparent that the UGS grams and functions to see how they C. William Berge D. Cary Smith fulfill our mission and the needs of David Terry (Trust Lands Administration-ex officio) is facing some budget issues that will UGS Staff require immediate action. For those the state of Utah. Third, we are look­ Administration and Support of you who don't know me, I've been ing at our sources of funding to iden­ Kimm Harty, Acting Director tify ways to complete our work using John Kingsley, Assoc. Director Deputy Director of the UGS since Daniel Kelly, Acct. Officer 1996. Before that I was the UGS existing, new, and different sources Cheryl Wakefield, Receptionist over the coming years. Cheryl Ostlund, Adrnin. Secretary Technical Reviewer and Program Linda Bennett, Accounting Tech. Manager of the Geologic Extension William Case, Computer Resources Geology is a critical factor, albeit a Sharon Wakefield, Computer Resources Service for a few years. And, even generally quiet component in every­ Michael Hylland, Tech. Reviewer prior to that I worked nine years in day life. Geology provides the basic Survey Notes Staff the Applied Geology Program of the Editor: Jim Stringfellow needs of energy, mineral, and water Editorial Staff: Vicky Clarke, Sharon Hamre UGS. resources and only takes center stage Cartographers: Patricia Speranza, James Parker, Lori Douglas As we settle into this "new millenni­ during "extreme" events or "not so Applied Geology Gary Christenson um," the DNR and the UGS, its stake­ subtle reminders" like landslides or William Lund, Barry Solomon, Janine Jarva, holders, board, managers, and em­ flood emergencies, or when "fault" Francis Ashland, Richard Giraud, Brenda Nguyen, Greg McDonald ployees are looking at the growing structures are found below planned Economic Geology David Tabet need for geologic services, the shrink­ buildings. A challenge to the agency Douglas Sprinkel, Robert Gloyn, is to cultivate advocates of geology Robert Blackett, Roger Bon, Thomas Chidsey, ing availability of funding, and the Bryce T. Tripp, J. Wallace Gwynn, resulting decisions that need to be and to step up efforts to more effec­ Craig Morgan, Jeff Quick, Kevin McClure tively show our citizens and our lead­ Carolyn Olsen made. As you read this, we are busy Geologic Mapping Grant Willis examining our agency's mission, the ers how important this science is, and Hellmut Doelling, Jon King, Bob Biek, importance of its programs to Utah will continue to be, in everyday life in Kent Brown, Michael Wright, Denise Laes society, its funding sources, and fu­ Utah. As geologists, we already Geologic Extension Services Sandra Eldredge Christine Wilkerson, Mage Yonetani, ture direction. Funding shortages, in­ know this, but many others do not. Patricia Stokes, Mark Milligan, Carl Ege, cluding falling mineral-lease revenues Our challenge is to work to see to it Chris Ditton Environmental Sciences Michael Lowe last year, remind us of how we must that they do. David Madsen, James Kirkland, Martha Hayden, Janae Wallace, Hugh Hurlow, Charles Bishop, Alison Corey, Basia Matyjasik, Survey Notes is published three times yearly by Utah Geological Survey. 1594 W. North Temple, Suite 311 o. Salt Lake City, John Porcher Utah 84116: (801) 537-3300. The UGS inventories the geologic resources of the state, identifies its geologic hazards, dissem­ inates information concerning Utah's geology, and advises policymakers on geologic issues. The UGS is a division of the De­ partment of Natural Resources. Single copies of Survey Notes are distributed free of charge to residents within the United States and Canada and reproduction is encouraged with recognition of source. ISSN 1061-7930 SURVEY NOTES 1

Knowledge of Utah Thrust System Pushes Forward by Grant C. Willis

ver the past few decades, through improved dating and correla­ els has significantly refined our study of the geometry, tecton­ tion methods. In an active thrust sys­ knowledge of timing and the se­ O ic forces, and dating of thrust tem, coarse alluvium is shed from quence of events that formed the systems produced some of the most rapidly eroding mountains formed by Utah thrust system. exciting advances in geology. Utah the thrusted rock. In some cases, Sevier Thrust System has been at the center of some of this soon after deposition, the advancing work. This is a brief overview of the thrust plates override, fold, and fault The Sevier thrust system is a typical development and evolution of the these "synorogenic deposits." To un­ thrust system consisting of, from west Utah thrust system, synthesizing the ravel thrust history, it is essential to to east, a thrust belt, a foredeep basin, work of many geologists. accurately date these rocks. a forebulge, and a back-bulge basin. The thrust belt is the wedge of The western or Cordilleran thrust sys­ In Utah, geologists scoured many stacked thrust plates. In Utah, single tem extends from Mexico to Alaska, miles of outcrops searching for data­ plates are up to 50,000 feet thick and, and formed mostly in the Middle ble materials. They collected and when thrusted into thick stacks or Jurassic to early Tertiary (170 to 40 identified pollen, spores, and volcanic culminations, may have formed million years ago). It formed as dense ash, then correlated the samples with mountains similar in magnitude to oceanic crust beneath the Pacific well-dated strata elsewhere. They the modern Andes Mountains of Ocean (Farallon plate) converged also mapped the conglomerates, un­ South America. The tremendous load with, and slid beneath the more buoy­ conformities, and cross-cutting rela­ of the stacked plates depressed the ant continental crust of the North tionships, and matched conglomerate crust under and in front of the thrust American plate during a mountain­ clasts with the formations from which belt (visualize forcing down the end building episode called the Sevier they were derived. Analyzing this of a raft floating on water by loading orogeny (the Sevier River area of cen­ data with new tools and thrust mod- it with rock) forming a "foredeep" tral Utah is the namesake of this event). The Utah part of the Cordilleran thrust system is called the back-bulge basin Sevier thrust system. Though the basic geometry and age of the Sevier thrust system in Utah have been known for more than 50 years, knowledge of the timing, method, and sequence of emplace­ ment of individual thrust sheets has advanced slowly. Advances

Probably the biggest advance in Utah Typical parts of a thrust system. The thickened thrust wedge overloads the earth's crust, which thrust system studies has come flexes in response, similar to loading rock on a wooden raft floating on water (from Willis, 1999). 2 SURVEY NOTES

114• 11Y 112· 111· EXPLANATION ...... _ - • Thrust fault - solid where well known, dotted where inferred or covered by younger deposits ➔- -Thrust-cored anticlinal fold -!--- Major Laramide anticline or monocline - large arrow on steep flank r-7 Approximate extent L____J of Utah thrust belt

0 10 20 30 40 miles ==E======E====I 0 10 20 30 40 50 kilometers Newfoundland ; Mountains,: thrul t: 41• 41 •

,I ---- ~Wendover

MountainsCedar j thrust I I I (j 15•0 :~10 40• I 40• I I I I I ______) I I

39· 39·

--- -- _, __ ------• Hanksville I Loa• La Sal • Junction \

3a· 3a· Monticello •

•Blanding

37" 37"

114• 11Y 112· 111" 110· 109·

Location of Utah's Sevier thrust belt, major thrust faults and thrust-cored folds, and large Laramide basement-cored uplifts. From Willis, 1999 (UGA Guidebook 27) and sources listed therein. SURVEY NOTES 3 basin into which thousands of feet of the late Early Cretaceous Cedar ple: the Pineview and Anshutz Ranch coarse synorogenic sediment was Mountain Formation (Kelvin Forma­ fields). shed. Foredeep-basin deposits in tion in northern Utah), a discontinu­ As the "thrust front" migrated east­ Utah commonly exceed 10,000 feet. ous unit noted for many minor inter­ ward, it abandoned one thrust fault as Farther east, the land bowed upward, nal unconformities and ancient soil the "wedge" of thrusted rock became a counter-response to the depressed horizons. This unit is also the most too thick, and "stepped" forward to a foredeep basin, forming a forebulge, a important producer of early Creta­ new fault. Thrust faults to the rear relatively high area with minor or no ceous dinosaurs in North America. "locked" into place or experienced deposition. At times, the Utah fore­ Early Cretaceous Thrust Faulting only minor renewed movement. In bulge was an area of erosion. Still far­ general, thrust plates in the eastern ther east, a second, much shallower Thrust faulting began in northwestern part of the Sevier belt didn't move as basin formed, the back-bulge basin. Utah in the latest Jurassic or earliest far as western plates. Likewise, the Cretaceous. Sparse evidence is found The Farallon plate, subducting be­ eastern plates were thinner and de­ in Emigration Canyon near Salt Lake neath the continental crust in the ap­ formed into folds of smaller ampli­ City, where boulder conglomerate proximate position of modem central tude between wider spaced thrust strata near the base of the Kelvin For­ California, was the driving force be­ faults than the thick western plates. mation were derived from the west­ hind the Sevier thrust system. The ernmost and oldest thrust sheet. Ad­ Because the Late Cretaceous was the collision produced deformation that ditional evidence is preserved in syn­ time of peak thrusting, it was also the started in the west and migrated east­ orogenic conglomerate beds in south­ time of peak synorogenic sedimenta­ ward. Thus, each of these four parts ern Idaho and western Wyoming. tion in wedge-top basins on the thrust of the thrust system migrated east­ plates and in the foredeep basin in ward over time. Back-bulge basin de­ Late Cretaceous Thrust Faulting front of the thrust belt. These de­ posits provide the earliest evidence of Thrust faulting reached its zenith in posits include the thick conglomerate thrusting in Utah. Utah during the Late Cretaceous beds along Interstate Highways 80 Middle Jurassic Back-bulge Basin when most of the major thrust plates and 84 (Echo Canyon, Weber Canyon, were emplaced. By this time, most of and Evanston Conglomerates), near During the Middle to early Late Juras­ the forebulge high had migrated east U.S. Highway 6 in Spanish Fork sic epochs, most of Utah was a broad, of Utah. Many plates were pushed Canyon (Indianola and Price River shallow back-bulge basin. The basin eastward 25 to 30 miles, and in some Formation), in the mountains near was covered by a shallow sea, tidal cases, more than 50 miles. Drill holes Cedar City (Iron Springs Formation), flats, sabkhas (flat evaporating pans), have penetrated up to five stacked and at several other places in Utah. and coastal sand dunes (Twin Creek plates at single locations. Thrusted and Pruess Formations in northern In general, synorogenic conglomerate rock was folded, faulted, overturned, Utah; Twin Creek, Arapien, and Twist beds grade eastward into fluvial brecciated, and metamorphosed to a Gulch Formations in central Utah; sandstone and shale, coastal-plain de­ low grade as it was pushed eastward, Carmel, Entrada, Curtis, and Sum­ posits, and deltaic deposits compris­ forming large mountains and creating merville Formations in east-central ing the extensive coal-bearing de­ the spectacular tilted and complexly and southern Utah), and later, by posits of Utah (parts of the Frontier folded formations now exposed in broad, low-elevation river floodplains Formation of northern Utah, the many of the ranges of northern, cen­ (Stump and Morrison Formations in Blackhawk Formation of central Utah, tral, and southwestern Utah (for ex­ northern Utah, Morrison Formation in and the Straight Cliffs Formation of ample: Devils Slide in Weber Canyon, central and southern Utah, among southern Utah, among others). These the complexly folded rocks in Parleys others). in tum grade eastward into fine sand, Canyon, and the great block of over­ mud, and clay shallow-marine de­ Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous turned strata that forms Mount posits (parts of the Mancos Shale of Forebulge High Nebo). central and southern Utah, and most By the Late Jurassic epoch, the back­ The Late Cretaceous was also the time of the Frontier Formation and the bulge basin had migrated east of of peak oil and gas generation in the Hilliard Shale north of the Uinta Utah, and Utah was mostly a fore­ thrust belt. For example, Cretaceous Mountains). bulge high. Modest erosion across organic-rich rocks buried by thrust Late-Phase Thrusting this broad, gentle uplift produced an sheets near the Wyoming border gen­ unconformity beveled across the erated the oil and gas that migrated Thrust faulting continued into middle Jurassic strata. The forebulge gradu­ into reservoirs in the thrust-created to late Eocene time. In the northern ally migrated east of Utah during the folds in the Coalville area. A few of Sevier thrust belt, the late-phase faults Early Cretaceous. As the bulge sub­ these folds became some of the best are mostly in western Wyoming. In sided, sporadic deposition produced oil and gas fields in Utah (for exam- many areas near the front edge of the 4 SURVEY NOTES thrust belt in central and southern sional forces declined, the Cordilleran The two orogenies were produced by Utah, duplicated strata are present thrust system (including the Sevier the same crustal shortening event, only within individual formations, thrust belt) was left unsupported. collision of the Farallon and North making the deformation more diffi­ Many of the original thrust faults "re­ American plates, but they are distin­ cult to recognize and map in the field. laxed" and slid backwards (to the guished by style of deformation. The In addition, the frontal thrust faults west). In general, this backsliding Sevier orogeny defines a more west­ are typically covered by younger un­ was not extensive, but it was enough ern event that took advantage of deformed deposits, and extend well to complicate the evidence that geolo­ weak bedding planes in thick Paleo­ east of the easternmost major thrust gists have had to unravel. zoic and Mesozoic sedimentary rock. faults that break the surface. The Shortening in basement metamorphic I THOUGHT THAT WAS THE shortening in this frontal zone is and igneous rocks was transferred LARAMIDE OROGENY! taken up by folds that decrease in am­ tens of miles eastward along the weak plitude to the east. The Sanpete-Sevi­ The Sevier orogeny is often confused shale and evaporite layers, producing er Valley anticline (the white hills with the Laramide orogeny, even by "thin-skinned" thrust faulting that, in along 1-70 near Salina) and the Virgin geologists, because they overlap in its eastern part, only involved sedi­ anticline (the tilted rock east of 1-15 time and location. The Laramide mentary strata. In contrast, the near St. George) are two examples of orogeny developed in the Late Creta­ Laramide orogeny produced "base­ large thrust-cored folds in the frontal ceous and continued into the ment-cored" uplifts because thin sedi­ part of the thrust belt. Oligocene epoch, mostly synchronous mentary rock in those areas did not with late stages of the Sevier orogeny. easily "decouple" from the basement The End of Thrusting Laramide structures were produced rock. The most recent evidence of thrust in central and eastern Utah, western This paper is extracted from: Willis, faulting is about 50 million years old Colorado, and most of Wyoming -­ G.C., 1999, The Utah Thrust System - in northern Utah, and about 40 mil­ thus, some overlap eastern Sevier An Overview, in Spangler, L. W. , and lion years old in central and southern thrust belt structures. Classic Allen, C.J., editors, Geology of northern Utah. However, the end of thrust Laramide structures in Utah include Utah and vicinity: Utah Geological Asso­ faulting is not clearly defined in the the Uinta Mountains uplift, the San ciation Publication 27, p. 1-9. Sources rock record because compression de­ Rafael Swell, and the Circle Cliffs used to prepare this paper are listed in clined gradually as the rate of conver­ (Waterpocket Fold). Some structures, that publication. gence between oceanic and continen­ such as the Uinta Mountains, were af­ tal crust decreased. As the compres- fected by both events. New Publications

Geology and geologic hazards of Preliminary hydrogeologic frame­ The geology of Goblin Valley State Tooele Valley and the West Desert work characterization - ground­ Park, by Mark Milligan, 21 pages, Hazardous Industry Area, Tooele water resources along the western PI-65 ...... $3.65 County, Utah, by Bill D. Black, side of the northern Wasatch Geologic maps - what are you stand­ Barry J. Solomon, and Kimm M. Range, eastern Box Elder County, ing on? by Robert F. Biek, 7 p ., Harty, 65 p., 6 pl., scale 1:100,000, Utah, by Hugh A. Hurlow, 50 p., 12/99, PI-66 ...... $1.75 12/99 SS-96 ...... $12.75 11/99, C-101 ...... $8.25 Large mine permits in Utah, by Roger Redefining the Lower Cretaceous Guidelines for preparing hydrogeo­ Bon and Sharon Wakefield, 3 stratigraphy within the central logic and soil reports addressing pages, 1 plate (approximate scale is Utah foreland basin by Douglas A. suitability for alternative waste­ 1"= 14 miles), Pl-67 ...... $3.50 Sprinkel, Malcolm P. Weiss, Robert water disposal systems in Weber Petroleum geology of the Harley W. Fleming, and Gerald L.. Waan­ County, Utah, by Mike Lowe and Dome field, Grand County, Utah, ders, 21 p., 11/99, SS-97 .. .. $5.50 Darwin Sorensen, 10 p., 10/99, by Roger L. Bon, 2 pl., 6/99, C-102 ...... $3.95 Minerals of the Utahlite Claim, Lucin, OG-21 ...... $6.70 Box Elder County, Utah, by Joe Small mine permits in Utah, by Roger Petroleum geology of the Cisco Marty, Donald G. Howard, and Bon and Sharon Wakefield, 5 Townsite and Cisco Wash areas, Henry Barwood, 13 p., 11/99, pages, 1 plate (approximate scale is Grand County, Utah, by Craig D. MP-99-6 ...... $1.95 1"= 13 miles), PI-68 ...... $3.50 Morgan, 2 pl., 11/99, OG-22 . $6.70 SURVEY NOTES 5

Geologic Mapping News

Digital Geologic Map of Utah! (plus a thin strip of ten others along the Utah-Nevada border) cover Utah. We've all been waiting for it. The Nine published maps were available Mapping Program completed and at the start of this initiative. In the and is now releasing the digital geo­ last four years, the UGS has complet­ logic map of Utah! This map is a dig­ ed preliminary versions of seven new ital version of the 1:500,000 geologic maps: Smoky Mountain, Escalante, map of Utah by Lehi F. Hintze com­ Kanab, Moab, La Sal, Delta, and pleted in 1980. It is the result of many thousands of hours of work in a coop­ Ogden. These are planned for release erative project funded by the Utah on CD and in printed form. We are Geological Survey and the U.S. Geo­ currently mapping five additional logical Survey. quadrangles: Tule Valley, Richfield, Wah Wah Mountains North, San Optronics Specialty Co., Inc. of North­ Rafael Desert, and Dutch John, which ridge, California completed the main should be available in the next two phase of the project on contract with years. In addition, we are digitizing the U.S. Geological Survey. The Utah the existing published maps to create Geological Survey then took over the digital versions. project and completed the extensive editing and reviewing phase. Optron­ While some of these new geologic Utah Geological Survey and Bureau of Land ics Specialty noted that this is by far maps can be compiled from existing Management geologists and officials examine the most detailed and complex geo­ mapping, most, such as the San Rafael the new geologic map of the GSENM while Desert and Dutch John quadrangles, logic map they have ever worked on. reviewing the geology of the Sunset Flat area The map contains 22,647 map units southeast of Escalante. have large areas that have never been or, in digital terminology, "map poly­ mapped in sufficient detail and re­ gons," about double most other com­ A menu provides step-by-step in­ quire several years of extensive field parable maps. structions for installing the software work to complete. and guides the user to the software 7.5' Quadrangle Maps The digital map is considered more appropriate for their skill level. In ad­ accurate than the published map since dition, a full Geographic Information Of the 1,512 quadrangles in Utah at many cartographic errors were dis­ System (GIS) version of the map is 7.5' scale, only about 400 have been covered and corrected during the dig­ provided for users who own GIS soft­ mapped in adequate detail. It takes a ital work. However, the map was not ware (for example: ESRI ARC/View™ geologist working full-time 6 to 12 updated to incorporate extensive new software). Explanatory information is months to complete a map and ex­ geologic mapping completed since included in a variety of formats. planatory materials for a typical 1980. That level of revision is quadrangle. Therefore, the UGS fo­ New 30'x60' Quadrangle Maps planned for a few years down the cuses on quadrangles with pressing road. The Mapping Program is throwing all geologic concerns, such as those in The map will be available on CD from available resources into completing rapidly growing urban areas with the Natural Resources Map/Book­ digital and printed geologic maps of known or suspected geologic hazards, store. The "user-friendly" CD will the entire state at 1:100,000 scale. and maps that are requested by large contain three versions of the map and These maps are published on the numbers of map users. UGS geolo­ two types of installable viewing soft­ USGS 30'x60' quadrangle topographic gists are currently working on about a ware designed for a variety of users. map series. Forty-six quadrangles dozen quadrangles throughout Utah. 6 SURVEY NOTES

To stretch our mapping dollars, we years, the Map­ 11 111 seek cooperative funding projects, ping Program 42 ·--ir-G-RO-US_E_CR-E-EK~3°--~~-L-OGA-N- ,< ..;.:.t ~· UTAH GEOLOGICAL and also try to support outside pro­ completed the Dover.1995 SURVEY jects. For example, the UGS is cur­ Smoky Mountain, -tt----+-----+-==--+I: 1:100,000 Scale NEWFOUNDLAND 1 MOUNTAINS rently working on a cooperative pro­ Kanab, Escalante, 1 Geologic Mapping ject to map the quadrangles for Zion Ogden, La Sal, / January 2000 41'...+-----+-----5+-----&I...---- National Park. This project is partial­ Moab, and Delta I BONNEVILLE TOOELE ly funded by the National Park Ser­ 30'x60' quadran­ I SALT FLAT vice and meets their need for detailed gles, and many I WILDCAT MTN. RUSH VALLEY DUCHESNE mapping of the park area while en­ 7.5' quadrangle abling the UGS to map the rapidly maps through FISH SPRINGS LYNNDYL PRICE growing areas surrounding the park. STATEMAP. Weiss and otMts, Pwr;rsrn, 1990 The UGS also actively encourages Geologic Map­ and supports EDMAP projects (map­ HUNTINGTON WESTWATER ' ping Question­ Witldnd. 1988 ping projects by universities and col­ Gualtien, 198{/ l naire I leges funded through an educational ---.,.:.i' 39' MOAIJ New mapping Doelling, 1!193 I. component of the National Geologic I Mapping Act). Currently, the UGS is projects are priori­ . helping support two EDMAP projects tized by the UGS in Utah: the Payson Lakes and San­ and a State Map­ taquin quadrangles in Utah County, ping Advisory BLANDING and the northern part of the Canyon Committee, repre­

Range. In addition, over 24 other senting most BLUFF quadrangle projects are in various types of map stages by non-UGS geologists. users in Utah. Input from the Mapping Program Awarded New public is essential CJ c=J CJ ST A TEMAP Grant to selecting new Digital and Digital and Printed colored Printed colored printed map printed map map in progress map complete In December 1999, the UGS Mapping projects. We in progress complete Program was awarded a new would appreciate STATEMAP grant to conduct new ge­ knowing which Index map: Status of 30'x60' quadrangle geologic mapping in Utah. ologic mapping in Utah. The 30'x60' and 7.5' STATEMAP program is part of the quadrangles you would like to see views. Most reviews are one day federally funded National Geologic mapped next. To have your interests from 8:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m. Watch the Mapping Program administered considered, please take a minute to UGS home page for announcements through the U.S. Geological Survey. send us your vote for three quadran­ about upcoming reviews gles in each series (7.5' and 30'x60'). (www.ugs.ut.us). The funds are matched with state List the quadrangles by name and Digital Geologic Map of Grand funds and will be used to map the their importance. Mail your respons­ Staircase- Escalante National San Rafael Desert and Dutch John es to: UGS Mapping Program, Utah Monument 30'x60' quadrangles, to digitize the Geological Survey, PO Box 146100, Tule Valley and Nephi 30'x60' quad­ Salt Lake City, Utah 84114; or e-mail In November, 1998, UGS presented rangles, and to map the Saratoga us at: [email protected]. the Grand Staircase -Escalante Na­ Springs, Farmington, and Snow Basin tional Monument planning team with Field Reviews 7.5' quadrangles in northern Utah. new digital and printed geologic All of these projects were identified The UGS Mapping Program common­ maps of the monument. To make the as high-priority projects by the State ly holds public reviews of recently maps, the Mapping Program complet­ Mapping Advisory Committee. completed geologic maps. This gives ed three 30'x60' quadrangles that Currently, using STATEMAP funds, the public and local government offi­ cover most of the monument, and we are completing the first year of cials the opportunity to learn more small parts of three other quadrangles mapping on the Provo and Dutch about the geology of the map area, that cover small extensions of the John 30'x60' quadrangles, mapping and geologists (and anyone else) the monument. The BLM recently used the Pintura 7.5' quadrangle in the St. opportunity to critique the work and the new maps to discuss geologic is­ George area, and digitizing the Wah make suggestions for improvements sues at public input meetings held in Wah Mountains North 30'x60' quad­ before maps are published. The pub­ Utah, Arizona, California, and Wash­ rangle in western Utah. In previous lic is welcome to attend these re- ington D.C. SURVEY NOTES 7

Announcement Field Trips for Credit In September , the Utah Geological Association is celebrating the millennium with four field trips to Utah's parks and monuments. Teachers are invited to attend one or two days at a reduced cost, and receive inservice credit upon completing assignments. • Moab area ...... Sept. 15 (Friday) and/or Sept. 16 (Saturday) • Wasatch Front ... Sept. 15 (Friday) and/or Sept. 16 (Saturday) by Sandy Eldredge • Vernal area ..... Sept. 22 (Friday) and/or Sept. 23 (Saturday) • St. George area .. Sept. 22 (Friday) and/or Sept. 23 (Saturday) Check your Resourse Portfolio in February for more information and registration details.

Geological Features and Processes in Utah Part I: Mountains (continued)

1 Dome Mountains molten material (magma) rising from the cap off the tube of toothpaste, drill the Earth's mantle into the crust that This is the second in a series on a hole in the cap, place the index card pushes overlying sedimentary rock Utah's geological features and hole over the neck of the toothpaste layers upward to form a "dome" processes. Geological features consti­ tube, and place the cap back on so the shape. Unlike a volcano, the magma tute anything from major landforms card is fastened between the cap and typically does not reach the Earth's such as mountains or plateaus, to rip­ the tube). surface. Instead, the magma cools ple marks or glacial striations on a underneath the surface and forms the rock. The geological processes, such Results/discussion: What does the core of the mountains. Dome moun­ as volcanic eruptions, earthquakes, toothpaste represent? Magma. What erosion, and deposition are what cre­ tains in Utah include Navajo Moun­ could happen inside the earth that ate or change geological features. tain and the La Sal, Abaja, and Henry would create the same effect? Magma Mountains in the southeastern part of can squeeze and move like the toothpaste. Background: Mountains are major ge­ the state. ological features on the surface of the What does the grass represent? Rock Earth. Depending on what geological Activity (for 3rd grade) layers and the surface of the Earth. How processes created these landforms, Materials for pairs of students: tube is this landform different from a vol­ mountains can be classified as differ­ of toothpaste, one large index card, cano? The magma does not erupt onto ent types: volcanic, dome, fold, and pencil, dried grass, scissors. the surface of the earth. fault block. Utah has all four types. Procedures: Punch a small, pencil­ Some of this information was taken Dome Mountains are formed from hot size hole in the index card. Cover the from a 3rd-grade Utah Core teaching surface of the card with finely cut packet called Investigate Geological dried grass to represent rock layers Processes that Shape Landforms - Earth­ and the surface of the earth. Have quakes, Volcanoes, Erosion, Deposition. one student hold the index card while the other student places the tube of For information on this packet and ac­ toothpaste under the hole and slowly companying workshops, call Sandy squeezes until the grass is pushed up Eldredge (UGS) at 801-537-3325 or into a small dome over the squeezed Paula Wilson (Earthquake Education toothpaste (alternate method - take Services) at 801-585-5613. 8 SURVEY NOTES

More information on coal, oil, and gas can be found at www.ugs.ut.us under "Energy and Minerals" Energy News

Central Utah Coal Resources Still creased extraction capabilities in re­ Natural Resources Map & Bookstore Substantial cent years, future mining in many at 1594 West North Temple, Salt Lake areas will involve reaching generally City, Utah, at a cost of $9. The coal industry has been a vital part thinner and deeper coalbeds. Of the of Utah's economy since the 1870s, UGS Wins Grant to Study Increasing remaining resource, 28 percent is in and today provides Utah residents Oil Production in Paradox Basin beds that are 4 to 6 feet thick, thinner with many good-paying jobs while than the coals currently being mined. The Paradox Basin, which extends fueling some of the nation's lowest In addition, coal mining is subject to from Utah into portions of Colorado electricity rates. increasingly stringent environmental and Arizona, contains more than 75 Coal mining has mainly been concen­ restrictions which will further limit small oil fields, each capable of pro­ trated in Carbon, Emery, and Sevier the amount of coal available for fu­ ducing 2 to 10 million barrels of oil. Counties. Residents there, as well as ture mining. But variations in the reservoirs of local and state government officials, these fields prevent recovery of up to While it is impossible to predict the are keenly interested in the future of 75 percent of that resource using con­ impact of changes in technology or this important industry. A recent re­ ventional extraction methods. market conditions on future coal min­ port by UGS scientists further defines ing, the study projects how much A new 5-year study, entitled "Hetero­ the potential for maintaining the coal longer, under current practices, min­ geneous Shallow-Shelf Carbonate mining industry in central Utah. This ing could extend into the next centu­ Buildups in the Blanding Sub-Basin of report, the first in a series of studies ry. The shallow, thick, low-cost re­ the Paradox Basin, Utah and Col­ covering Utah's two producing coal­ sources will be exhausted in about orado: Targets for Increased Oil Pro­ fields, the Book Cliffs and Wasatch half a century at current extraction duction and Reserves Using Horizon­ Plateau fields, examines the coal re­ rates, the study concludes, while tal Drilling Techniques," will evaluate sources in the northern half of the deeper, thinner, and more costly coal methods to extract as much as anoth­ Wasatch Plateau coalfield, an area resources will be available beyond er 50 million barrels of oil from exist­ that accounted for 64 percent of the that time but in smaller quantities and ing wells in the basin. Funding for state's coal production in 1998. at a higher price. the project will come from the U.S. The study found that 129 years of Department of Energy, the Utah Geo­ The UGS' s study was a cooperative mining had removed, or made un­ logical Survey, the Colorado Geologi­ project with the U.S. Geological Sur­ minable, only 30 percent of the origi­ cal Survey, and private industry. vey, which provided funding and in­ nal 5.4 billion tons of minable coal. formation in the National Coal Re­ DOE Secretary Bill Richardson said, Thus, 3.8 billion tons of coal remain sources Data System. The study used "The oil industry in the United States for future mining in coalbeds that are data from more than 600 drill holes is increasingly an industry of smaller at least four feet thick and under less and measured sections along with a companies, many of which are family­ than 3,000 feet of cover. The study Geographic Information System to owned businesses. These companies documents that past mining removed produce maps showing the spatial account for nearly half the oil pro­ the thicker, more easily reached por­ distribution and thickness of individ­ duced in the lower 48 states. Our sup­ tions of the coalbeds, and that the per­ ual coalbeds from which the resources port will help them develop and de­ centage of the in-ground coal actually were estimated. The published study, ploy technologies that otherwise recovered is between 30 and 36 per­ entitled "The Available Coal Re­ would probably never make it into cent. sources for the Nine 7.5-Minute the oil field, certainly not on a wide­ Future efforts will encounter more Quadrangles in the Northern Wasatch spread basis. Our hope is that these difficult conditions, however. Even Plateau Coalfield, Carbon and Emery projects will show hundreds of other though improved technology has in- Counties, Utah," is available at the ... .continued on page 11 SURVEY NOTES 9

Complete copies of Survey Notes back to August 1995 can be found on our website at www.ugs. ut.us under "Newsletters" Survey News

Personnel Matters sented papers and poster sessions at Resource Sciences, Lanzhou Universi­ the American Association of Petrole­ ty, Gansu, China. Privately, he also Tom Chidsey, Mark Milligan, and um Geologists (AAPG) Rocky Moun­ organized and directed a Smithsonian Grant Willis are incoming officers tain Section meeting in Bozeman, Institution workshop on North Asian­ with the Utah Geological Association Montana. Kevin McClure and Chid­ North American connections relating (UGA). Chidsey is president, Milligan sey were co-authors on Morgan's to the peopling of the Americas; par­ is secretary, and Willis is program poster presentation. Morgan present­ ticipated in the "Pronghorn Perspec­ chairman for the millennium year. ed a poster session, as well as a paper tives" symposium of the Rocky Jeff Quick was elected Councilor of co-authored by Chidsey, at the De­ Mountain Anthropology Conference The Society for Organic Petrology. partment of Energy-sponsored 1999 in Glenwood Springs, Colorado, and Michele Hoskins left us for an ac­ Oil & Gas Conference in Dallas, was the invited speaker at the "Clovis counting position with the Division of Texas. In addition, work on the Para­ and Beyond: A Peopling of the Ameri­ Parks and Recreation. John Hanson, dox project was summarized in an ar­ cas" conference in Santa Fe, New Alexa DuBois, and Bill Black left the ticle Chidsey co-authored in "Oil & Mexico. UGS to pursue other interests. Gas Journal," and Morgan wrote an ar­ ticle about the Bluebell project for the Several UGS staff helped organize the John Porcher has joined the Paleon­ National Petroleum Technology Of­ Utah Geographic Information Council tology group after doing contract fice's newsletter. annual meeting at Snowbird where mapping for the U.S. Forest Service - Alison Corey and Mike Lowe pre­ welcome aboard! Francis Ashland, Charlie Bishop, sented a poster session. Gary Christenson, Rich Giraud, Eric Pierson, an intern in the "Schools Mike Lowe, Barry Solomon, and Staff also helped organize the annual to Careers Exploration Program" at Janae Wallace co-authored or present­ meeting of The Society of Organic West High School, spent last autumn ed papers at the AEG annual meeting. Petrology at Snowbird. Jeff Quick at the UGS assisting the Geologic Ex­ Giraud also gave a presentation to the was a featured presenter at the meet­ tension Service and the Paleontology Utah Floodplain Management Associ­ ing. Dave Tabet led a two-day post­ Section with field work, fossil prepa­ ation Annual Conference. meeting field trip to the Uinta Basin. ration, map making, and photograph Miscellaneous cataloging. Bill Black, Hugh Hurlow, Janine Jarva, Jim Kirkland, Mike Lowe, Jeff The UGS Sample Library donated oil Field Reviews, Field Trips, & Con­ Quick, Dave Tabet, and Janae Wal­ and core samples from the Paradox ferences lace co-authored or presented papers Basin for display at the Dan O'Laurie UGS geologists led field trips for the at the annual meeting of the Geologi­ Canyon Country Museum in Moab. Association of Engineering Geologists cal Society of America in Denver. Tom Chidsey and the Geologic Exten­ (AEG) 42nd annual meeting in Salt Jim Kirkland co-authored an abstract sion Service helped in gathering items Lake City; the Utah Geological Asso­ presented at the VII International of interest for the permanent display, ciation 1999 Field Symposium; the Symposium on Mesozoic Terrestrial which examines the discovery and Dixie Geological Society visit to the Ecosystems in Buenos Aires, Argenti­ production of oil in that area of south­ Silver Reef mining district, Washing­ na, and a paper presented at the Soci­ eastern Utah. ton County; the Weber State Universi­ ety of Vertebrate Paleontology annual Security and business issues deter­ ty's Geoscience Department; and for meeting in Denver. He also co-au­ 1 mined that The Natural Resources geologic mapping field review of the thored a paper accepted for publica­ Map & Bookstore will return to week­ Center Creek quadrangle in Wasatch tion in Cretaceous Research. day-only hours. Present hours are County. David Madsen was an invited lectur­ now Monday through Friday, 7:30 Tom Chidsey and Craig Morgan pre- er at the College of Environment and a.m to 5 pm. 10 SURVEY NOTES

,✓How was Utah's topography formed?"

nswers to this question are as numerous as the landforms found across Utah. However, some A cursory geologic history and broad generalizations serve as a good starting point for interpreting Utah's world-famous topography and scenery. Based on characteristic landforms, geologists and geogra­ phers have subdivided the United States into areas called physiographic provinces. Features that distinguish each 1· I province result from the area's unique geology, including ' prominent rock types, history and type of deformation (in­ ------!-ci- -_)L j ! cluding crustal-scale forces of compression and extension), c:, , ~ -T~----->,\.. I and erosional characteristics. Utah contains parts of three -----71---7 major physiographic provinces: the Colorado Plateau, i -._ ____ ,}---- Basin and Range, and Rocky Mountains. i . I ~ J---~ I The three provinces meet near the center of the state, with ~ the Basin and Range Province extending across western (I.) J ! \ Utah, the Colorado Plateau across southeastern Utah, and -J----- ··-- -,,,---L ______.._ ___ _ the Rocky Mountains across northeastern Utah. Where to \ : COLORADO PLAT~AU draw the line between the Colorado Plateau and Basin and ------I --__ L ______-j Range is subject to debate. Between the two provinces lies _r' ,J an area that displays characteristics of both, and some ge­ I / ologists would make this area a distinct, fourth physio­ -,~ ~r-1------( graphic province called the Basin and Range - Colorado I r' Plateau Transition. The same holds true for the area be­ I tween the Rocky Mountains and Basin and Range provinces. Additionally, each major province can be fur­ ther divided into sub-provinces. Here, however, we will broken into huge fault blocks by extensional stresses that keep things "simple" and stick to highlights of the three continue to stretch the earth's crust. Sediments shed from major provinces. the ranges are slowly filling the intervening wide, flat basins. Many of the basins have been further modified by Basin and Range Province shorelines and sediments of lakes that intermittently cover the valley floors. The most notable of these was Lake Bon­ Steep, narrow, north-trending mountain ranges separated neville, which reached its deepest level about 15,000 years by wide, flat, sediment-filled valleys characterize the ago when it flooded basins across western Utah. topography of the Basin and Range Province. The ranges started taking shape when the previously deformed Pre­ Colorado Plateau Province cambrian (over 570 million years old) and Paleozoic (570 to 240 million years old) rocks were slowly uplifted and In contrast with the Basin and Range Province, a thick se- SURVEY NOTES 11 quence of largely undeformed, nearly Fold, can also be found as exceptions trusions, eroded thrust sheets, and the flat-lying sedimentary rocks charac­ to the rule of flat-lying beds. older sedimentary rocks form the up­ terize the Colorado Plateau province. lifted Wasatch Range as it is seen Erosion sculpts the flat-lying layers Rocky Mountains Province today. into picturesque buttes, mesas, and High mountains carved by streams The Uinta Mountains were first uplift­ deep, narrow canyons. and glaciers characterize the topogra­ ed approximately 60 to 65 million For hundreds of millions of years sed­ phy of the Rocky Mountains years ago when compressional forces iments have intermittently accumulat­ province. The Utah portion of this created a buckle in the earth's crust, province includes two major moun­ ed in and around seas, rivers, called an anticline. The mountains tain ranges, the north-south-trending swamps, and deserts that once cov­ formed by this east-west-trending an­ Wasatch and east-west-trending Uin­ ered parts of what is now the Col­ ticline were subsequently eroded back orado Plateau. Starting about 10 mil­ tas. Both ranges have cores of very old Precambrian rocks, some over 2.6 down, but began to rise again about lion years ago the entire Colorado billion years old, that have been al­ 15 million years ago to their present Plateau slowly but persistently began tered by multiple cycles of mountain elevations of over 13,000 feet above to rise, in places reaching elevations building and burial. sea level. of more than 10,000 feet (3,000 me­ ters) above sea level. Miraculously it Uplift of the modern Wasatch Range The Rocky Mountains province is fur­ did so with very little deformation of only began within the past 12 to 17 ther characterized by sharp ridge its rock layers. With uplift, the ero­ million years. However, during the lines, U-shaped valleys, glacial lakes, sive power of water took over to Cretaceous Period (138 to 66 million and piles of debris (called moraines) sculpt the buttes, mesas, and deep years ago), compressional forces in created during the Pleistocene (within canyons that expose and dissect this the earth's crust began to form moun­ the last 1.6 million years) by moun­ "layer cake" of sedimentary rock. tains by stacking or thrusting up large tain glaciers. sheets of rock in an area that included Of course, exceptions to this layer­ what is now the northeasternmost This is, of course, a most cursory cake geology do exist. For example, part of Utah, including the northern overview of the geologic events that igneous rocks that cooled from once­ Wasatch Range. This thrust belt was formed the topography of Utah's rising magma form the core of the then heavily eroded. About 38 to 24 three physiographic provinces. Nu­ Henry, La Sal, and Abajo Mountains, million years ago large bodies of merous anomalies and variations give and several wrinkles or folds, such as magma intruded parts of what is now color and detail to the big picture out­ the San Rafael Swell and Waterpocket the Wasatch Range. These granitic in- lined here.

Energy News continued from page 8.... a geologic and reservoir characteriza­ In addition, the project will be guided small companies ways to keep their tion study of the Ismay and Desert by a technical advisory board of in­ wells flowing." Creek zones of the 300 million-year­ dustry partners who are currently op­ old Paradox Formation. The goal will erators of fields in the basin, and a The management and technical team, be to determine if horizontal drilling stake-holders board of representatives headed by UGS' s Thomas C. Chidsey, techniques can increase well produc­ from governments of Utah and Col­ Jr., will include Seeley Oil Company tivity from thin, untested intervals of orado, the Ute Mountain Ute Indian of Salt Lake City, the Colorado Geo­ reservoir rock. Cherokee field in San Tribe, and the U.S. Bureau of Indian logical Survey, and Eby Petrography Juan County will be a target for a de­ Affairs. & Consulting, Inc. They will conduct tailed case study.

The Rockhounder continued from page 13 .... Land ownership and collecting rules: commercial purposes requires a per­ The described collecting location is on mit, lease, or license from the BLM. Useful maps: Jessies Twist 1:24,000- Bureau of Land Management (BLM) scale topographic map, San Rafael public lands. If collection is for per­ Precautions, miscellaneous: With lit­ Desert 1:100,000-scale topographic sonal, non-commercial purposes, the tle vegetation or shade, in summer map, Utah Atlas and Gazetteer, and a casual collector may take small this area can get hot enough for the Utah highway map. Topographic amounts of invertebrate fossils, petri­ devil; always carry plenty of water, maps can be obtained from the Natur­ fied wood, gemstones, and rocks from and use sunscreen. Please carry out al Resources Map & Bookstore, 1594 unrestricted federal lands in Utah your trash. Have fun and enjoy the W. North Temple, Salt Lake City, UT, without obtaining a special permit. fossils, but be sure to leave plenty for 801-537-3320 or 1-888-UTAH MAP. Collection in large quantities or for others. 12 SURVEY NOTES ------

New Utah Minerals

by Carl Ege

6 Utahite, Cu5ZniTe +0 4MOH)8-7H20 Utahite is a hydrated copper-zinc-tellurate hydroxide found on the dump of the Centennial Eureka mine in the Tintic mining district in Juab County. The mineral is found isolated or in groups as elongate crystals in small vugs with drusy quartz. Individual crystals are up to 0.3 mm long, prismatic, and are subhedral to euhedral. Utahite is pale blue in individual crystals or blue-green in aggregates. Utahite has a vitreous to pearly luster and a pale blue streak. X-ray studies reveal a triclinic symmetry. Utahite is nonfluorescent under ultraviolet light and is brittle with an uneven fracture. The mineral has a hard­ ness of 4-5 and a density of 5.34 g / cm3. Utahite is found in association with cesbronite and other Cu-Zn-Te-bearing secondary minerals on quartz. Utahite is named for the state where the Centennial Eureka mine Headframe of the Centennial Eureka mine. The minerals Utalite and is located. Juabite were f ound on this mine's dump. Juabite, Cu (Te6+0 h(As5+Q )z-3H 0 5 4 4 2 and is translucent. X-ray study reveals a hexagonal or Juabite is a copper-tellurate-arsenate hydrate found on the trigonal symmetry. Blatonite fluoresces strongly under ul­ dump of the Centennial Eureka mine in the Tintic mining traviolet light and is flexible with an uneven fracture. The district in Juab County. The mineral is found isolated or mineral has a hardness of 2-3 and a density of 4.02 g/ cm3• in groups as elongate crystals on drusy quartz. Cystalline Blatonite is found in association with boltwoodite, coconi­ masses average 0.2 - 0.3 mm in size and are subhedral to noite, metazeunerite, rutherfordine, azurite, malachite, euhedral. Juabite is emerald green, has a vitreous to carbonate-cyanotrichite, brochantite, and smithsonite. Bla­ adamantine luster, and a pale green streak. Individual tonite is named for N . Blaton of the University of Leuven, juabite crystals are transparent, but juabite masses are Belgium. translucent. X-ray study results reveal a triclinic symme­ try. Juabite is nonfluorescent under ultraviolet light and is References brittle with an uneven to subconchoidal fracture. The mineral has a hardness of 3-4 and a density of 4.59g/ cm3. Roberts, A.C., Gault, R.A., Jensen, M.C., Criddle, A.J., and Moffatt, E.A., 1997, Juabite, a new mineral species from Juabite is found in association with enargite, beudantite, the Centennial Eureka mine, Juab County, Utah: Miner­ and an unidentified lead-rich form of arsenobismite. alogical Magazine, v. 61(1), p.139-144. Juabite is named for the cow1ty within the state of Utah where the Centennial Eureka mine is located. Roberts, A.C., Stirling, J.A.R., Criddle, A.J., Jensen, M.C., Moffatt, E.A., and Wilson, W.E., 1997, Utahite, a new Blatonite, UO CO -Hz0 2 3 mineral and associated copper tellurates from the Cen­ Blatonite is a uranyl carbonate monohydrate found in gyp­ tennial Eureka mine, Tintic District, Juab County, Utah: sum seams within the Triassic Shinarump Conglomerate Mineralogical Record, v. 28, p. 175-179. at the Jomac mine, San Juan County. The mineral occurs Vochten, R., and Deliens M., 1998, Blatonite, a new uranyl as subparallel fibers up to 1 mm long and 0.1 mm wide. carbonate monohydrate from San Juan County, Utah: Blatonite is canary-yellow, has a white streak, silky luster, Canadian Mineralogist, v. 36, p. 1077-1081. SURVEY NOTES 13

by Mark R. Milligan

Devil's Toenails in the Mancos Shale, Emery County

eologic information: In the G1660s a Dane named Nicolaus Steno made a startling obser­ vation: tonguestones, fossils then be­ lieved to be the tongues of snakes or dragons, were identical to the teeth of modem sharks. Through this obser­ vation and others, Steno came to the realization that rocks had not always been solid, but had hardened around Pycnodonte newberyii - heavy shelled oysters these shark's teeth and other shells. commonly known as With this insight Steno developed Devil's Toenails. This some of geology's fundamental laws. fossil was originally While fossils that look like dragon identified as Gryphaea tongues may exist at this rockhounder newberyii. However, site, they are not easily found. How­ the genus Gryphaea is ever, fossils that look like devil's toe­ found in rocks older than the Mancos Shale. nails are fairly abundant. Penny for scale. Much of eastern Utah was once cov­ ered by the Mancos sea. On the • muddy floor of this sea lived a heavy tion as cattle medicine. Perhaps (towards Hanksville) 3.5 miles, then shelled oyster called Pycnodonte new­ Utah's indigenous people had their tum left (northeast) on an old paved beryii (originally it was called own ingenious recipes for this part of road. Although paved, this road (old Gryphaea newberryi). Some 85 million the devil's anatomy. Maybe you can State Route 24) is no longer main­ years later this muddy floor has come up with your own magical use tained by the county, so proceed with turned into the rocks of the Mancos for these fossils. Better yet, maybe caution. Drive 4 miles and you will Shale, with fossils that include this you can be a Nicolaus Steno of the find a low-lying rocky outcrop on type of oyster shell, commonly called twenty-first century and develop a both sides of the road. If you drive Devil's Toenails. revolutionary geologic theory under the power lines leading to the through insights gleaned from Pycn­ communication towers, you've gone While this may be a good place to col­ odonte newberyii. several hundred yards too far. lect Devil's Toenails, it is not the only place they are found. Scotsmen wore How to get there: This site is located Where to collect: Specimens erode , a similar variety of Devil's Toenails in Emery County about 10 miles from the outcrop and are easily col­ (Gryphaea arcuata) as amulets thought southwest of Green River, Utah. lected from the gullies immediately to alleviate joint pains. Englishmen From Green River, take 1-70 west adjacent to the road's shoulder. pulverized these fossils, mixed them about 11 miles to State Route 24 (exit with whey, and employed the concoc- 147). On State Route 24 travel south .... continued on page 11 Vertebrate Paleontology In Utah covers some of the experiences of vertebrate life from the age of fishes to the appearance of man. Edited by former State Paleontologist David D. Gillette, the publication has 52 reports in 542 pages that range from the highly technical ("Polyglyphanodontinae [Squamata: Teiidae] from the Medial and Late Cretaceous: New Taxa from Utah, U.S.A. and Baja California Del Norte, Mexico") to the more accessible ("The First Discoveries of Dinosaurs in the American West"). The papers "vary in content from sum­ maries, or 'state-of-knowledge' treatments, to detailed contributions that describe new species," notes Gillete in his intro­ duction to the volume. "The sci­ ence of vertebrate paleontology in Utah is robust and intense. It has grown prodigiously in the past decade, and promises to continue to grow indefinitely. This research benefits everyone in the state through Utah's museums and educational institutions - which are the direct beneficiaries." The soft-cover publication is avail­

ltulldn>l ! ••DI able for $29.95. UTAH GEOLOGICAL SURVEY ~ ,1,. ..,. ~, , ,, O 1r1,,hJ J.,o.,:u.,,,.,..,, "' N.Jlm .~ J,t,. ,..,..,,, ,., /\!,.1ul1 1,1,;•J

The Dlgltal Geologlc Resources Atlas of Utah contains over 600 megabytes of ArcView® shape files gleaned from geologic resource data that have been collected for more than 50 years by the Utah Geological Survey, U.S. Geological Survey, U.S. Bureau of Mines, and the Bureau of Land Management. Among the layers are: • Coal • Geothermal • Mineral • Oil and Gas • Oil Shale • Roads • Cities and Towns • County Boundaries • Tar Sands • Land Ownership and Management • Streams and Bodies of Water This CD-ROM is ideal for government agencies and mineral and energy exploration companies. This is the first of several new digital products of the UGS and comes with ArcExplorer 1.1®. Available for $49.95.

These products and more are available at the Natural Resources Map & Bookstore, 1594 West North Temple, Salt Lake City (www.maps.state.ut.us).

Utah Geological Survey BULK RATE 1594 W. North Temple, Suite 3110 U.S. POSTAGE PAID Box 146100 S.L.C., UTAH Salt Lake City, UT 84114-6100 PERMIT NO. 4728 0 Address correction requested Survey Notes All Items $1.00

B-38 Stratigraphy of the Burbank Hills, western Millard County, Utah, A stratigraphic section of interest to geologists concerned with petroleum possibilities of the Great Basin, by R.W. Rush, 1951, 24 p. B-43 Eastern Sevier Valley, Sevier and Sanpete Counties, Utah, with reference to formations of Jurassic age, by C.T. Hardy, 1952, 98 p., 1-55791-010-3 B-45 Geology of the Selma Hills, Utah County, Utah, by J.K. Rigby, 1952, 107 p., 1-55791-012-X B-46 Uranium-vanadium deposits of the Thompsons area, Grand County, Utah, with emphasis on the origin of carnotite ores, by W.L. Stokes, 1952, 51 p., 1 pl., 1-55791-013-8 B-47 Microfossils of the Upper Cretaceous of northeastern Utah and southwestern Wyoming, edited by D.J. Jones, 1953, 158 p., 1-55791-014-6 B-50 Drilling records for oil and gas in Utah, compiled by G.H. Hansen and H.C. Scoville, 1955, 116 p. B-51 The rocks and scenery of Camp Steiner (Summit and Wasatch Counties), by D.J. Jones, 1955, 30 p., 1-55791-018-9 B-52 Geologic atlas of Utah, Emery County, by W.L. Stokes and R.E. Cohenour, 1956, 92 p., 1- 55791-020-0 B-57 Middle Ordovician detailed stratigraphic sections for western Utah and eastern Nevada, by G.W. Webb, 1956, 77 p. B-60 The rocks and scenery of Camp Hunt, Rich County, Utah, by C.T. Hardy, 1957, 26 p. B-64 Geologic atlas of Utah, Cache County, by J.S. Williams, 1958, 98 p., 1-55791-031-6 B-71 The mineral resources of Uintah County, by A.G. Pruitt Jr., 1961, 101 p., 1-55792-038-3 B-73 Mineral and water resources of Utah, by the U.S.G.S., 1964, 275 p., 1-55791-040-5 WRB-3 Dissolved-mineral inflow to Great Salt Lake and chemical characteristics of the Salt Lake brine, Part I: Selected hydrologic data, by D.C. Hahl and C.G. Mitchell, 1963, 40 p., 1 pl., 111 = 8 miles Part II - Technical report, by D.C. Hahl and R.H. Langford, 1964, 40 p., 1- 55791-097-9 WRB-8 Second reconnaissance of water resources in western Kane County, Utah, by H.D. Goode, 1966, 44 p., 1-55791-102-9 WRB-11 Reconnaissance appraisal of the water resources near Escalante, Garfield County, Utah, by H.D. Goode, 1969, 38 p., 1 pl., 111 = 2.3 miles, 1-55791-105-3 WRB-12 Great Salt Lake, Utah: chemical and physical variations of the brine, 1963-1966, by D.C. Hahl and A.H. Handy, 1969, 33 p., 1-55791-106-1 WRB-14 Effects of a causeway on the chemistry of the brine in Great Salt Lake, Utah, by R.J. Madison, 1970, 52 p., 1-55791-108-8 WRB-15 Evaluation of eddy flux techniques in computing evaporation from the Great Salt Lake, by D.R. Dickson and A.E. Rickers, 1970, 6 p., 1-55791-109-6 WRB-17 Great Salt Lake, Utah: chemical and physical variations of the brine 1966-1972, by J.A. Whelan, 1973, 24 p., 2 pl., 111 = 3 miles 1-55791-111-8 WRB-18 The effects of restricted circulation on the salt balance of Great Salt Lake, Utah, by K.M. Waddell and E.L. Boike, 1973, 54 p., 1-55791-112-6 WRB-20 Great Salt Lake, Utah: chemical and physical variations of the brine, water year 1973, by J.A. Whelan and C.A. Peterson, 1975, 29 p., 1-55791-114-2 WRB-21 Model for evaluating the effects of dikes on the water and salt balance of Great Salt Lake, Utah, by K.M. Waddell and F.K. Fields, 1977, 54 p., 1-55791-115-0 WRB-22 Great Salt Lake, Utah: chemical and physical variations of the brine, water years 1974 and 1975, by J.A. Whelan and C.A. Peterson, 1977, 4 7 p., 1-55791-116-9 M-5 Geology of the Egnar-Gypsum Valley area, San Miguel and Montrose Counties, Colorado, by W.L. Stokes and D.A. Phoenix, approx. scale 1 :50,000, 1948, 1-55791-405-2 M-12 Geologic map of Cache County, Utah, by J.S. Williams, approx. scale 1 :125,000, 1958 (part of Bulletin 64), 1-55791-410-9 M-13 Geologic map of Daggett County, Utah, by H.R. Ritzma, approx. scale 1 :125,000, 1959 (part of Bulletin 66), 1-55791-411-7 M-14 Geologic map of Washington County, by E.F. Cook, approx. scale 1 :130,000, 1960 (supplement to Bulletin 70), 1-55791-412-5 M-20 Relief map of Utah, scale 1 :1,000,000, 1965, 1-55791-418-4 M-68 Energy resources map of Utah, compiled by the UGS scale 1 :500,000, 1983, 1-55791-472-9 SS-1 Glauber's salt bed west of Promontory Point, Great Salt Lake, (Box Elder Co.) by A.J. Eardley, 1962, 12 p., 1-55791-120-7 SS-2 Gypsum dunes and evaporite history of the Great Salt Lake Desert by A.J. Eardley, 1962, 27 p., 1-55791-121-5 SS-10 Foundation characteristics of sediments, Salt Lake metropolitan area, by R.D. Bauman, 1965, 40 p., 1-55791-129-0 SS-11 Engineering implications and geology Hall of Justice excavation, Salt Lake City, Utah, by J.C. Osmond, W.P. Hewitt, and R. Van Horn, 1965, 35 p., 1-55791-130-4 SS-30 Subsurface brines and soluble salts of subsurface sediments, Sevier Lake, Millard County, Utah, by J.A. Whelan, 1969, 13 p. SS-38 Engineering geology of the City and County Building, Salt Lake City, Utah, by B.N. Kaliser, 1971, 12 p. $1.00 SS-43 Geochemical reconnaisance at Mercur, Utah, (Tooele Co.) by G.W. Lenzi, 1973, 16 p., C-38 Diatomaceous earth near Bryce Canyon National Park Utah, (Garfield Co.) by A.L. Crawford, 1951, 34 p., 1-55791-243-2 C-49 Semi-quantitative estimates of bulk mineralogical composition of some Utah shales, siltstones and related materials, by J.A. Whelan, J.R. Odekirk, and L. Barraclough, 1966, 13 p. MP-B The Great Basin, with emphasis on glacial and post-glacial times, by E. Blackwelder, C.L. Hubs, R.R. Miller and E. Antevs, 1948, 191 p. MP-C-2 Plate 1 - Geologic map of the Bingham district (Salt Lake, Tooele Cos.), 1 :24,000, 1975 MP-C-3 Plate 2 - Geologic map of the Bingham Mine ( Salt Lake Co.), 1975, 1 :24,000

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