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Nasionalisme Dalam Novel Manusia Bebas Karya Suwarsih Djojopuspito Dan Implikasinya Terhadap Pembelajaran Sastra Di Sma

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Nasionalisme Dalam Novel Manusia Bebas Karya Suwarsih Djojopuspito Dan Implikasinya Terhadap Pembelajaran Sastra Di Sma NASIONALISME DALAM NOVEL MANUSIA BEBAS KARYA SUWARSIH DJOJOPUSPITO DAN IMPLIKASINYA TERHADAP PEMBELAJARAN SASTRA DI SMA Skripsi Diajukan kepada Fakultas Ilmu Tarbiyah dan Keguruan Universitas Islam Negeri Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta Sebagai Salah Satu Syarat untuk Memperoleh Gelar Sarjana Pendidikan (S.Pd.) Oleh Syarifah Aliya 1112013000013 JURUSAN PENDIDIKAN BAHASA DAN SASTRA INDONESIA FAKULTAS ILMU TARBIYAH DAN KEGURUAN UNIVERSITAS ISLAM NEGERI SYARIF HIDAYATULLAH JAKARTA 2017 LEMBAR PENGESAHAN SKRIPSI NASIONALISME DALAM NOVEL MANUSIA BEBAS KARYA SUWARSIH DJOJOPUSPITO DAN IMPLIKASINYA TERHADAP PEMBELAJARAN SASTRA DI SMA Skripsi Diajukan kepada Fakultas Ilmu Tarbiyah dan Keguruan Universitas Islam Negeri Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta Sebagai Salah Satu Syarat untuk Memperoleh Gelar Sarjana Pendidikan (S.Pd.) Oleh Syarifah Aliya NIM. 1112013000013 Di Bawah Bimbingan Ahmad Bahtiar, M. Hum NIP. 197601182009121002 JURUSAN PENDIDIKAN BAHASA DAN SASTRA INDONESIA FAKULTAS ILMU TARBIYAH DAN KEGURUAN UNIVERSITAS ISLAM NEGERI SYARIF HIDAYATULLAH JAKARTA 2017 ABSTRAK Syarifah Aliya, 1112013000013, “Nasionalisme dalam Novel Manusia Bebas Karya Suwarsih Djojopuspitodan Implikasinya Terhadap Pembelajaran Bahasa dan Sastra Indonesia di Sekolah”, Jurusan Pendidikan Bahasa dan Sastra Indonesia, Fakultas Tarbiyah dan Ilmu Keguruan. Universitas Islam Negeri Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta. Dosen Pembimbing : Ahmad Bahtiar, M.Hum. Novel Manusia Bebas Karya Suwarsih Djojopuspito merupakan novel yang menggambarkan tentang perjuangan kaum intelektual yang setara dengan bangsa Belanda untuk mendirikan sekolah partikelir bagi kaum pribumi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan mengenai nasionalisme dalam novel Manusia Bebas Karya Suwarsih Djojopuspito serta implikasinya dalam pembelajaran sastra di SMA. Metode dalam penelitian ini adalah deskriptif kualitatif. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan novel Manusia Bebas memiliki unsur intrinsik yang mendukung tema nasionalisme, dimana Sulastri, Sudarmo dan teman-temannya berjuang dalam mendirikan sekolah untuk kaum pribumi yang harus mengalami kesulitan seperti penyitaan dan penangkapan oleh pemerintah Belanda. Kemudian nasionalisme memiliki cita-cita dasar sebagai arah tujuan nasionalisme yang diperjuangkan dalam novel Manusia Bebas Karya Suwarsih Djojopuspito yaitu otonomi nasional, kesatuan nasional, dan identitas nasional, serta adanya faktor internal yang mendukung adanya nasionalisme. Novel Manusia Bebas memuat sejarah perjuangan nasionalisme yang dapat dimanfaatkan dalam pembelajaran sastra di SMA. Dalam menumbuhkan nilai nasionalisme di sekolah, siswa diharapkan mulai menumbuhkan tanggung jawab, semngat kebangsaan, dan cinta tanah air. Kata Kunci : Nasionalisme, Novel Manusia Bebas, dan Suwarsih Djojopuspito. i ABSTRAK . Syarifah Aliya, 1112013000013, “Nationalism in the Manusia Bebas Novel written by Suwarsih Djojopuspito and the Implications for Learning Indonesian Literature in Senior High School”. Department of Language Education and Indonesian Literature. Faculty of Tarbiyah and teacher training. Syarif Hidayatullah State Islamic University, Jakarta. Supervisor: Professor Ahmad Bahtiar, M. Hum. Manusia Bebas novel written by Suwarsih Djojopuspito is the novel which describes the stuggle of intellectuals that par with Netherlands to establish partikelir school for indigenous. This research aims to describe about nationalism in the Manusia Bebas novel written by Suwarsih Djojopuspito and its implications in the study of literature in Senior High School. The methode in this research is descriptive qualitative. The results of this study demonstrate a novel free man has intrinsic elements that support the nationalism theme, where Sulastri, Sudarmo and his friends fought in setting up schools for natives who had to experience difficulties such as foreclosures and arrest by the Goverment of Netherlands. Then nationalism have basic ideals as the direction of nationalism that fought in Manusia Bebas novel written by Suwarsih Djojopuspito, i.e. national autonomy, national unit and national identity, as well as the existence of the internal factors that support the existence of nationalism. Manusia Bebas novel contains the struggle of the nationalism hystory that can be utilized in the study of literature in senior high school. In growing the value of nationalism in schools, students are expected to begin to foster responsibility, national spirit and love of the motherland. Keywords: Nationalism, Manusia Bebas novel, and Suwarsih Djojopuspito. ii KATA PENGANTAR Puji Syukur penulis panjatkan ke hadirat Allah swt. karena telah memberikan rahmat dan karunia-Nya, sehingga penulis dapat menyelesaikan skripsi yang berjudul “Nasionalisme dalam Novel Manusia Bebas Karya Suwarsih Djojopuspito dan Implikasinya Terhadap Pembelajaran Bahasa dan Sastra Indonesia di Sekolah”. Salawat serta salam sudah sepatutnya mengiringi kepada Baginda Nabi Muhammad. yang telah membawa kita kepada zaman yang dulu gelap gulita hingga sekarang terang di semesta alam. Skripsi ini diajukan untuk memenuhi salah satu syarat mendapatkan gelar sarjana pendidikan program Studi Pendidikan Bahasa dan Sastra Indonesia Fakultas Ilmu Tarbiyah dan Keguruan. Dalam penulisan ini penulis banyak mendapat masukan, bimbingan, saran, dorongan, semangat, dan motivasi dari berbagai pihak. Pada kesempatan ini penulis ingin menyampaikan rasa terima kasih kepada : 1. Prof. Dr. Ahmad Thib Raya, M.A. selaku Dekan Fakultas Ilmu Tarbyah dan Keguruan Universitas Islam Negeri Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta. 2. Dr. Makyun Subuki, M.Hum. selaku Ketua Jurusan Pendidikan Bahasa dan Sastra Indonesia Fakultas Ilmu Tarbiyah dan Keguruan dan dosen penasihat yang telah memberikan motivasi kepada penulis dalam menyelesaikan skripsi. 3. Toto Edidarmo, M.A selaku Sekretaris Jurusan Pendidikan Bahasa dan Sastra Indonesia Fakultas Ilmu Tarbiyah dan Keguruan yang telah memberikan dukungan kepada penulis untuk menyelesaikan skripsi ini. 4. Ahmad Bahtiar, M.Hum. selaku dosen pembimbing skripsi yang sangat membantu dalam penyelesaian skripsi ini. Terima kasih atas arahan, bimbingan, dan kesabaran serta waktu luang Bapak selama ini sehingga penulisa dapat menyelesaikan skripsi ini. 5. Orang tua tercinta, Faridah dan Iskandar, yang selalu memberikan doa restu dan dukungan baik motivasi maupun material kepada penulis untuk iii selalu bersemangat dalam penyusunan skripsi ini serta selalu memberikan kasih sayang sampai detik ini yang tiada hentinya 6. Ella Nurrizki Amelia dan Syariefah Nazla Farah Dibha, saudara tercinta yang selalu memberikan dukungan dan motivasi kepada penulis selalu terdorong untuk mengerjakannya. 7. Sahabat-sahabatku, Herni Nopiani, Hanida Sukardi, Renaldi Prawira, dan Randa Al-Fahreza yang memberikan dukungan dan selalu motivasi untuk menyelesaikan skripsi ini. 8. Teman-temanku Eneng Intan Lestari, Fitri Hera Febriana, Intan Ramadyla Eka Putri, dan Ami Septiani. Mereka adalah teman sejawat dari semester satu sampai sekarang selalu memberikan dukungan dan selalu motivasi untuk menyelesaikan skripsi ini. Semoga kalian juga sukses selalu. 9. Teman-teman seperjuangan angkatan 2012 Jurusan Pendidikan Bahasa dan Sastra Indonesia, khususnya kelas A. Terima kasih pengalaman dan pembelajaran yang berharga yang penulis dapatkan selama ini. 10. Serta berbagai pihak yang tidak dapat disebutkan satu persatu. Terima kasih pula untuk seluruh pihak yang telah membantu penulis dalam proses penyelesaian penelitian ini. Semoga Allah senantiasa membalas kalian semua. Penulis mengharap kritik dan saran yang membangun dari para pembaca untuk menjadikan penelitian ini lebih baik lagi. Semoga penelitian ini dapat bermanfaat untuk para pembaca. Jakarta, 5 April 2017 Penulis iv DAFTAR ISI HALAMAN JUDUL LEMBAR PERSETUJUAN PEMBIMBING LEMBAR PENGESAHAN UJIAN MUNAQOSAH LEMBAR SURAT PERNYATAAN KARYA SENDIRI ABSTRAK i ABSTRACT ii KATA PENGANTAR iii DAFTAR ISI v BAB I PENDAHULUAN 1 A. Latar Belakang Masalah 1 B. Identifikasi Masalah 6 C. Pembatasan Masalah 6 D. Rumusan Masalah 7 E. Tujuan Penelitian 7 F. Manfaat Penelitian 7 G. Metode Penelitian 8 1. Waktu Penelitian 8 2. Objek Penelitian 8 3. Pendekatan dan Metode Penelitian 8 4. Sumber Data 9 5. Teknik Pengumpulan Data 10 6. Teknik Analisis Data 10 v BAB II KAJIAN TEORI 13 A. Pengertian Novel 13 B. Unsur Intrinsik Novel 15 C. Pengertian Nasionalisme 24 D. Faktor Internal dan Eksternal 27 E. Sosiologi Sastra 31 F. Pembelajaran Sastra di Sekolah 33 G. Penelitian yang Relevan 35 BAB III PENGARANG DAN PEMIKIRANNYA 38 A. Biografi Suwarsih Djojopuspito 38 B. Pemikiran Suwarsih Djojopuspito 40 C. Sinopsis Novel Manusia Bebas 43 BAB IV PEMBAHASAN 46 A. Unsur Intrinsik Novel 46 1) Tema 46 2) Alur 48 3) Tokoh 55 4) Latar 67 5) Sudut Pandang 74 6) Gaya Bahasa 75 7) Amanat 77 B. Analisis Nasionalisme dalam Novel Manusia Bebas 77 C. Faktor Nasionalisme 86 D. Implikasi Terhadap Pembelajaran Sastra di Sekolah 90 BAB V PENUTUP 93 A. Simpulan 93 B. Saran 94 vi DAFTAR PUSTAKA 95 LAMPIRAN RIWAYAT PENULIS vii BAB I PENDAHULUAN A. Latar Belakang Masalah Kedatangan Belanda ke Indonesia telah mengubah masyarakat menjadi masyarakat jajahan yang berangsur-angsur kehilangan hak atas keadilan dan kesejahteraan hidup di negerinya sendiri. Lambat laun belenggu penjajahan tersebut membangunkan kesadaran masyarakat terjajah untuk bangkit membebaskan diri dari penindasan karena memang tidak ada masyarakat yang rela seterusnya hidup sebagai masyarakat jajahan.1 Namun, kesadaran nasional untuk mewujudkan bangsa yang merdeka baru muncul salah satunya pada awal abad XX. Kesadaran
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