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Catalogue Raisonné Des Mollusques Bivalves D'eau Douce Africains

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Catalogue Raisonné Des Mollusques Bivalves D'eau Douce Africains Ca alogue a· 0 né de Mol e b·va ve 'ea douce a ca J. Dage Catalogue raisonné des Mollusques bivalves d'eau douce africains Publication of this volume has been supported in part by l'Institut français de recherche scientifique pour le développement en coopé­ ration "Orstom". Catalogue raisonné des Mollusques bivalves d'eau douce africains J. Daget Backhuys Publishers/Orstom Leiden/Paris 1998 ISBN 90-73348-98-6 (Backhuys Publishers) ISBN 2-7099-1363-1 (Orstom) © 1998 Backhuys Publishers, Leiden, The Netherlands / Orstom, Paris, France Ali rights reserved. No part of this book may be translated or reproduced in any form by print, photoprint, microfilm, or any other means without the prior written permission of the publishers. Printed in The Netherlands Sommaire Introduction Il Famille Margaritiferidae 16 Genre Margaritifera 16 Margaritifera auricularia 16 Famille Unionidae.. 18 Genre Anodonta 18 Anodonta anatina 18 Anodonta cygnaea 19 Genre Brazzaea 21 Brazzaea anceyi 21 Genre Coelatura 23 Coelatura aegyptiaca 25 Coelatura alluaudi 36 Coelatura bakeri 37 Coelatura briarti 38 Coelatura burtoni 38 Coelatura cariei . 45 Coelatura choziensis 45 Coelatura cridlandi 46 Coelatura essoensis 46 Coelatura gabonensis 47 Coelatura geayi 51 Coelatura hauttecoeuri 51 Coelatura horei 54 Coelatura hypsiprymna 58 Coelatura kipopoensis 59 Coelatura kunenensis 59 Coelatura leopoldvillensis 60 Coelatura lobensis 61 Coelatura luapulaensis 61 Coelatura madagascariensis 62 Coelatura maIgachensis 62 Coelatura mossambicensis 63 Coelatura ratidota 65 5 Coelatura rothschildi . 66 Coelatura rukwaensis 67 Coelatura stuhlmanni 67 Genre Cafferia 68 Cafferia caffra .. 68 Genre Mweruella 72 Mweruella mweruensis 72 Genre Nitia 73 Nitia acuminata 73 Nitia chefneuxi 74 Nitia monceti 74 Nitia mutelaeformis 75 Nitia teretiuscula 76 Genre Nyassunio 77 Nyassunio nyassaensis 78 Nyassunio ujjjensis 79 Genre Prisodontopsis 80 Prisodontopsis aviculaeformis 80 Genre Pseudospatha 81 Pseudospatha tanganyicensis .. 81 Genre Psilunio 84 Psilunio littoralis fellmanni 84 Genre Dnio 87 Dnio abyssinicus 88 Dnio elongatulus dembeae 89 Dnio elongatulus durieui 91 Famille Mutelidae 95 Genre Aspatharia 95 Aspatharia chaiziana 95 Aspatharia complanata 96 Aspatharia dahomeyensis 97 Aspatharia divaricata 99 Aspatharia droueti 99 Aspatharia mabillei 100 Aspatharia nigeriensis 101 Aspatharia pangallensis 101 Aspatharia pfeifferiana .. 102 Aspatharia rochebrunei 104 Aspatharia rugifera 105 Aspatharia semicorrugata 106 Aspatharia subreniformis 107 6 Aspatharia tawai 108 Aspatharia tristis 109 Genre Chambardia 109 Chambardia dautzenbergi 110 Chambardia nyassaensi s.............. 110 Chambardia petersi 112 Chambardia rubens arcuata 113 Chambardia rubens rubens 115 Chambardia trapezia ovoidea 118 Chambardia trapezia trapezia 118 Chambardia wahlbergi bourguignati 119 Chambardia wahlbergi guillaini 121 Chambardia wahlbergi hartmanni 122 Chambardia wahlbergi letourneuxi 123 Chambardia wahlbergi tabula 124 Chambardia wahlbergi wahlbergi 126 Chambardia wahlbergi welwitschi 128 Chambardia wissmanni 128 Genre Chelidonopsis 130 Chelidonopsi s hirundo 130 Genre Moncetia .. 131 Moncetia anceyi 131 Genre Mutela 133 Mutela alata 133 Mutela alluaudi 134 Mutela bourguignati 135 Mutela carrei 136 Mutela dubia dubia 136 Mutela dubia emini 141 Mutela dubia garambae 141 Mutela dubia nilotica 142 Mutela franci 143 Mutela hargeri hargeri 144 Mutela hargeri schomburgki 144 Mutela iris 145 Mutela joubini 145 Mutela mabilli 146 Mutela rostrata 147 Mutela solenifonnis 149 Mutela zambesiensis 151 Genre Pl eiodon 151 Pleiodon ovatus 151 7 Pleiodon spekii 153 Famille Etheriidae 159 Genre Etheria 159 Etheria elliptica 159 Famille Dreissenidae 165 Genre Mytilopsis 165 Mytilopsis africanus 165 Famille Corbiculidae . 167 Genre Corbicula . 167 Corbicula astartina . 167 Corbicula fluminalis africana . 168 Corbicula fluminalis consobrina .. 170 Corbicula fluminalis cunningtoni .. 181 Corbicula fluminalis tanganyicensis .. 182 Corbicula fluminalis vara . 183 Corbicula madagascariensis . 183 Famille Cyrenoididae . 184 Genre Cyrenoida . 184 Cyrenoida dupontia . 184 Cyrenoida rhodopyga . 185 Famille Sphaeriidae . 186 Genre Eupera . 186 Eupera crassa . 187 Eupera degorteri . 187 Eupera ferruginea . 187 Eupera ovata . 189 Eupera sturanyi . 190 Eupera triangulum . 190 Genre Pisidium . 190 Pisidium amnicum . 191 Pisidium armillatum . 192 Pisidium artifex . 192 Pisidium betafoense . 193 Pisidium casertanum . 193 Pisidium costulosum . 195 PISI· 'd'lum eth"loplcum . 195 Pisidium fistulosum . 196 8 Pisidium giraudi 196 Pisidium harisoni 197 Pisidium invenustum 197 Pisidium johnsoni 198 Pisidium kenianum 198 Pisidium langleyanum 199 Pisidium milium 199 Pisidium montigenum 200 Pisidium nitidum 200 Pisidium ovampicum 201 Pisidi um personatum 202 Pisidium pirothi 202 Pisidium reticulatum 204 Pisidium subtruncatum 204 Pisidium tenuilineatum 205 Pisidium viridarium 206 Genre Sphaerium 206 Sphaerium bequaerti 207 Sphaerium capense 208 Sphaerium hartmanni bangweolicum 209 Sphaerium hartmanni courteti 209 Sphaerium hartmanni hartmanni 210 Sphaerium hartmanni naivashaense 211 Sphaerium incomitatum 211 Sphaerium lacustre 212 Sphaerium nyanzae alluaudi 213 Sphaerium nyanzae nyanzae 213 Sphaerium regulare 214 Sphaerium stuhlmanni 214 Sphaerium victoriae albertianum 215 Sphaerium victoriae lacuum 215 Sphaerium victoriae mohasicum 215 Sphaerium victoriae victoriae 216 Famille Donacidae 216 Genre Egeria 216 Egeria aegyptiaca 217 Egeria bengoensis 218 Egeria bernardii 220 Egeria cailliaudi 221 Egeria concamerata 221 Egeria congica 222 9 Egeria heukelomii 223 Egeria kochii 223 Egeria lubackii 223 Egeria nux 224 Egeria paradoxa 224 Egeria schwabi . 227 Egeria tenuicula , 227 Egeria triangularis 228 Genre Iphigenia 228 Iphigenia centralis 229 Iphigenia curta 229 Iphigenia delessertii 230 Iphigenia laevigata 231 Iphigenia messageri 232 Espèces décrites ou signalées à tort des eaux douces africaines... 233 Références bibliographiques 236 Index des noms scientifiques. 287 10 Introduction Les Mollusques bivalves des eaux douces africaines se répartissent en neuf familles. Les espèces appartenant aux Cyrenoididae, Dreis­ senidae et Donacidae peuvent être qualifiées de dulcicoles péri­ phériques, leur aire de répartition en Afrique étant limitée aux marges côtières du continent, exclusivement d'ailleurs sur la façade atlantique, du Sénégal à l'Angola. Les Corbiculidae se rattachent aux dulcicoles secondaires. Quant aux diverses espèces de Margaritife­ ridae, d'Unionidae, de Mutelidae, d'Etheriidae et de Sphaeriidae, elles doivent être considérées comme dulcicoles primaires. N'ont pas été retenues dans ce catalogue les familles composées principalement d'espèces marines et dont une ou quelques espèces peuvent être rencontrées exceptionnellement, mais parfois abondamment, dans des eaux plus ou moins saumâtres. Des renseignements les concernant se trouvent dans les ouvrages consacrés aux faunes marines. Citons, à titre d'exemple Cerastoderma glaucum (Poiret, 1789) et Scrobicu­ laria cottardi Payraudeau, 1826 appartenant respectivement aux familles des Cardiidae et des Scrobiculariidae, signalées du lac Birket Qarun en Egypte où elles auraient été introduites par l'homme (Van Damme, 1984: 90, 91). Ajoutons également Senilia senilis (Lin­ naeus, 1758), Crassostrea gasar (Dautzenberg, 1891) ou Corbula tri­ gona (Hinds, 1843), représentant les familles des Arcidae, Ostreidae et Corbulidae, très communes en lagune Ebrié, Côte d'Ivoire (Zabi et Le Loeuff, 1992). Les taxons génériques, spécifiques et subspécifiques qui ont été retenus, ainsi que leurs synonymies, l'ont été essentiellement pour des raisons de commodité puisqu'il s'agissait seulement de dresser un catalogue et d'indiquer des références, non de procéder à des révisions systématiques de familles. Sans préjuger des conclusions auxquelles permettront d'aboutir les recherches taxinomiques futures incluant les outils de la génétique, il est à prévoir que des espèces nominales mises ici en synonymie devront être réhabilitées, que de nouvelles espèces seront décrites et que de nouvelles synonymies s'imposeront. C'est pourquoi on n'attribuera qu'une valeur indicative très provisoire aux nombres de genres et d'espèces cataloguées dans chaque famille, en attendant que des révisions conduisent à des classifications rationnelles et satisfaisantes. De tels travaux seraient particulièrement souhaitables et utiles en ce qui concerne les Unio- 11 nidae, les Mutelidae et le genre Egeria. Les principales difficultés que rencontrent actuellement les systématiciens des Mollusques bivalves d'eau douce africains sont les suivantes. Les premiers stades de développement, susceptibles de fournir de précieuses indications sur les affinités des taxons, sont très difficiles à observer et ont rarement été décrits. On sait que les oeufs sont incubés dans les branchies qui servent de chambres marsupiales. L'ovoviviparité, de règle dans certaines familles, a été observé par exemple chez Sphaerium hartmanni courteti Germain, 1904 par Daget (1961). Les Unionidae libèrent des larves du type glochidium qui ont été décrites chez plusieurs espèces de Coelatura: C. aegyp­ tiaca (Cailliaud, 1827) par Bloomer (1946); C. mesafricana (= c. aegyptiaca) par Binder (1956), C. kunenensis (Mousson, 1887) par Appleton (1979), C. mossambicensis (Martens, 1859) par Kenmuir (1980) et chez Cafferia caffra (Krauss, 1848) par Heard et Vail (1976) etc. Enfin les Mutelidae produisent des larves rappelant celles du type lasidium des Mutelidae sud-américains. Elles
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