DOCSLIB.ORG

Etheriidae (Bivalvia: Unionoida) Among the Genera in the Freshwater

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Etheriidae (Bivalvia: Unionoida) Among the Genera in the Freshwater Downloaded from http://sp.lyellcollection.org/ at CAPES on July 12, 2013 Geological Society, London, Special Publications On becoming cemented: evolutionary relationships among the genera in the freshwater bivalve family Etheriidae (Bivalvia: Unionoida) Arthur E. Bogan and Walter R. Hoeh Geological Society, London, Special Publications 2000, v.177; p159-168. doi: 10.1144/GSL.SP.2000.177.01.09 Email alerting click here to receive free e-mail alerts when service new articles cite this article Permission click here to seek permission to re-use all or request part of this article Subscribe click here to subscribe to Geological Society, London, Special Publications or the Lyell Collection Notes © The Geological Society of London 2013 Downloaded from http://sp.lyellcollection.org/ at CAPES on July 12, 2013 On becoming cemented: evolutionary relationships among the genera in the freshwater bivalve family Etheriidae (Bivalvia: Unionoida) ARTHUR E. BOGAN 1 & WALTER R. HOEH 2 INorth Carolina State Museum of Natural Sciences, Research Laboratory, 4301 Reedy Creek Road, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA (e-mail: arthur.bogan @ncmail, net) 2Department of Biological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, 0H44242, USA Abstract: A robust phylogeny for the Unionoida is emerging and presumed relationships of some major clades are being questioned. The Etheriidae or freshwater oysters has been a distinct family for over 160 years and currently contains three cemented genera: Acostaea (Columbia, South America), Pseudomulleria (India) and Etheria (Africa and Madagascar). Starobogatov (1970, Nauka, 1-372), Mansur and da Silva (1990, Amazoniana, 11(2), 147-166) and Bonetto (1997, Bioci~ncias, 5, 113-142) present conflicting testable hypotheses regarding the evolution of these taxa. Using cytochrome c oxidase subunit I DNA sequences the evolutionary relationships of these three genera has been examined, by comparing them to representatives of 30 other unionoid taxa from around the world. These analyses place Acostaea and Etheria within the Mycetopodidae while Pseudomulleria falls within the Unionidae. A monophyletic Etheriidae, composed of cemented freshwater bivalves, is not supported by the present analyses. Furthermore, the analyses indicate that cementation in the Unionoida has evolved at least twice. In a paper which discusses the evolution of been debated (see Discussion). Most malacologists cementing bivalves, Yonge (1979) identified the recognize three cemented genera in the variety, origin and problems of convergence in Etheriidae: Acostaea (Columbia, South America), them, finding that over 20 families of bivalves have Pseudomulleria (India) and Etheria (Africa and become cemented. This paper focuses on a group of Madagascar). bivalves which has become cemented in freshwater, Prashad (1931) examined the convergence in the namely, the freshwater oysters (Unionoida: forms of the freshwater bivalve fauna of Southeast Etheriidae). Asia and compared it with similar fauna from South Bivalves found in freshwater environments America. At that time, he felt that the Unionoidea represent families from most of the major bivalve was polyphyletic and the Mutelidae with a taxodont subclasses (Bogan 1993). The greatest diversity in hinge was derived from the Arcidae. He suggested freshwater bivalves is found in the radiation of the that the Etheriidae relationships were undoubtedly Unionoida. Currently this order is divided into two with the Unionidae and that they were not related to superfamilies, six families and, it is estimated here, the Mutelidae. Prashad also noted the similarities of approximately 180 genera. The two major modern Etheria, Acostaea and Pseudomulleria but felt they unionoid radiations occurred in the southeastern all belonged to distinct genera with independent United States (Bogan 1993, 1998; Williams et al. origins and observed that 'the Etheriidae present 1993) and China (Liu 1979). Our understanding of the most noteworthy examples of the parallel evolutionary relationships within the Unionoida is evolution of similar forms from distinct ancestral based primarily on comparative anatomy (e.g. types, living under identical conditions in widely Simpson 1900, 1914; Ortmann 1912; Parodiz & separated countries.' Prashad's ideas represent the Bonetto 1963; Heard & Guckert 1970). multiple origins hypothesis for the evolution of The family Etheriidae has been recognized as a cementation in the Unionoida. distinct taxon for well over 160 years (e.g. In contrast, Yonge (1978, p. 446), in discussing Deshayes 1830; Tryon 1884; Fischer 1886; Thiele Acostaea and the evolution of the Etheriidae, 1934; Starobogatov 1970) but the evolutionary posited, 'Certainly Acostaea and Pseudomulleria relationships of this family to other unionoid must have arisen from a common dimyarian stock; families, and among its constituent genera, have the mode of growth and of assumption of the From: HARPER,E. M., TAYLOR, J. D. & CRAME,J. A. (eds) The Evolutionary Biology of the Bivalvia. Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 177, 159-168. 1-86239-076-2/00/$15.00 9 The Geological Societyof London 2000. Downloaded from http://sp.lyellcollection.org/ at CAPES on July 12, 2013 160 A.E. BOGAN & W. R. HOEH monomyarian condition are too remarkable for was originally described in Mulleria F6russac, convergence to be contemplated.' Yonge (1978) 1823 [non Leach 1814] and subsequently moved to claimed that Acostaea, Etheria and Pseudomulleria Acostaea Orbigny, 1851. Acosmea is known from were, in fact, each others closest relatives and so a the Rio Magdalena in Columbia, South America. monophyletic Etheriidae was supported. This is the Arteaga Sogamoso (1994) discovered that the single origin hypothesis for the genesis of larvae ofAcosataea rivoli is a lasidium which, from cementation in the Unionoida. the diagnoses of the family Mycetopodidae, would argue that Acostaea belongs in this family. The anatomy of Etheria elliptica Lamarck, 1807 has been reported, illustrated and discussed by Development of a unionoid phylogeny Rang & Cailliaud (1834) and Anthony (1905, Recent work on the evolutionary relationships 1907). Heard & Vail (1976) examined the anatomy among unionoid higher taxa has progressed from of Etheria elliptica and suggested that it belongs in the efforts of Parodiz & Bonetto (1963) and Heard the South American family Mycetopodidae. & Guckert (1970) to the immunoelectrophoretic Etheria elliptica is widespread in Africa: the basins analyses of Davis & Fuller (1981). The cladistic of the Nile, Lake Tanganyika and Lake Victoria; the analysis of 16S DNA and morphology data sets basins of the Chad, Zaire, Niger and Senegal; part presented by Lydeard et al. (1996) has clarified of the rivers in Angola and north Madagascar phylogenetic relationships among a number of (Daget 1998); and it is known from the Miocene of North American unionoid genera, but did not northeast Zaire (Gautier 1965; Gautier & Van include potentially closely related taxa from other Damme 1973). continents or a suitable outgroup taxon. Specimens of Pseudomulleria dalyi (Smith Hoeh et al. (1998b) examined the higher level 1898), from the Budra Drainage, Kadur district, relationships of the Unionoida based on cyto- State of Mysore, southern India, were initially chrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) sequences and placed in the genus Mulleria and in the family supported the hypothesis that Neotrigonia Etheriidae. Smith (1898) observed that P. dalyi was (Trigonioida: Trigoniidae) is the sister group to a cemented by either the right or the left valves. monophyletic Unionoida. These conclusions Woodward (1898), in the same volume, carefully support the monophyly of the Palaeoheterodonta described the anatomy of Pseudomulleria dalyi, (Trigonioida + Unionoida) as proposed by Waller reported the monomyarian condition and noted that (1990, 1998), Hoeh et al. (1998a) presented a COI the rectum no longer passed through the heart. sequence-based phylogeny for the Unionoida Woodward (1898) presented a cross-section including 30 taxa representing five families diagram of the anatomy and figured the coiling of (excluding representatives of the Etheriidae). Their the intestine. The intestinal coiling, as figured by analyses suggest that the hyriids, not margariti- Woodward, appears very similar to the intestinal ferids, are a product of the most basal cladogenic coiling of examined North American Unionidae event within the Unionoida and that the glochidial (AEB, personal observations). Woodward (1898) larvae is the ancestral larval type. The margariti- concluded '... the details of the gills, the mantle ferids, mycetopodids, iridinids and hyriids were all lobes, and the kidney, Mulleria [= Pseudomulleria] depicted as monophyletic groups, with the approximates to the Unionidae.' However, Preston Unionidae being paraphyletic. Hoeh et al. (2001) (1915) placed Mulleria dalyi in the Etheriidae and have expanded on the data presented in Hoeh et al. cited extensively from Woodward on the anatomy. (1998a) by adding a morphological data set of 28 The most recent coverage of the freshwater characters and produced a total evidence-based molluscan fauna of India by Subba Rao (1989) phylogeny for the Unionoida. The total evidence follows the taxonomy of the family put forward by analysis supported the earlier phylogeny and Thiele (1934), recognizing Pseudomulleria as a character evolution hypotheses of Hoeh et al. subgenus of Acostaea. (1998a). If it is assumed that the tree based on the Yonge (1953) recognized a single genus
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Silent Witnesses Freshwater Bivalves As Archives of Environmental Variability in the Rhine-Meuse Delta
    VRIJE UNIVERSITEIT Silent witnesses Freshwater bivalves as archives of environmental variability in the Rhine-Meuse delta ACADEMISCH PROEFSCHRIFT ter verkrijging van de graad Doctor aan de Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, op gezag van de rector magnificus prof.dr. L.M. Bouter, in het openbaar te verdedigen ten overstaan van de promotiecommissie van de faculteit der Aard- en Levenswetenschappen op woensdag 2 december 2009 om 15.45 uur in de aula van de universiteit, De Boelelaan 1105 door Emma Adriana Agnes Versteegh geboren te ’s-Hertogenbosch promotor: prof.dr. D. Kroon copromotoren: dr. S.R. Troelstra dr. H.B. Vonhof leescommissie: prof.dr. F. Dehairs dr. F.J.C. Peeters prof.dr. B.R. Schöne dr. E. Stouthamer dr. G. van der Velde aanvullende leden promotiecommissie: prof.dr. G.J. Boekschoten dr. F.P. Wesselingh paranimfen: drs. A.V. Brader ir. J.C.A. Joordens This research was carried out at: VU University Amsterdam Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences Department of Marine Biogeology De Boelelaan 1085 1081 HV Amsterdam The Netherlands This research was carried out in the framework of the Dutch national climate research program “Climate changes Spatial Planning” (http://www.climate- changesspatialplanning.nl/; “Klimaat voor Ruimte” http://www.klimaatvoor- ruimte.nl/). ISBN/EAN: 978-90-9024639-0 Netherlands Research School of Sedimentary Geology (NSG) Publication N°: 20091202 Silent witnesses - Freshwater bivalves as archives of environmental variability in the Rhine-Meuse delta In Dutch: Stille getuigen - Zoetwaterbivalven als archief van omgevingsvariabiliteit in de Rijn-Maasdelta Author: Emma A. A. Versteegh Cover design: Juliëtte Verberk (http://www.metjuliette.nl/) Cover photos: shell sections: Saskia Kars; shells: Emma Versteegh; water: Juliëtte Verberk.
    [Show full text]
  • Freshwater Bivalve (Unioniformes) Diversity, Systematics, and Evolution: Status and Future Directions Arthur E
    Natural Resource Ecology and Management Natural Resource Ecology and Management Publications 6-2008 Freshwater bivalve (Unioniformes) diversity, systematics, and evolution: status and future directions Arthur E. Bogan North Carolina State Museum of Natural Sciences Kevin J. Roe Iowa State University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: http://lib.dr.iastate.edu/nrem_pubs Part of the Evolution Commons, Genetics Commons, Marine Biology Commons, Natural Resources Management and Policy Commons, and the Terrestrial and Aquatic Ecology Commons The ompc lete bibliographic information for this item can be found at http://lib.dr.iastate.edu/ nrem_pubs/29. For information on how to cite this item, please visit http://lib.dr.iastate.edu/ howtocite.html. This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Natural Resource Ecology and Management at Iowa State University Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Natural Resource Ecology and Management Publications by an authorized administrator of Iowa State University Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Freshwater bivalve (Unioniformes) diversity, systematics, and evolution: status and future directions Abstract Freshwater bivalves of the order Unioniformes represent the largest bivalve radiation in freshwater. The unioniform radiation is unique in the class Bivalvia because it has an obligate parasitic larval stage on the gills or fins of fish; it is divided into 6 families, 181 genera, and ∼800 species. These families are distributed across 6 of the 7 continents and represent the most endangered group of freshwater animals alive today. North American unioniform bivalves have been the subject of study and illustration since Martin Lister, 1686, and over the past 320 y, significant gains have been made in our understanding of the evolutionary history and systematics of these animals.
    [Show full text]
  • Freshwater Molluscs
    FRESHWATER MOLLUSCS Photo © Piotr Naskrecki Photo © Steven Buck, Illinois Natural History Survey BIODIVERSITY SAMPLING PROTOCOLS 185 RAPID BIOASSESSMENT METHODS FOR FRESHWATER MOLLUSCS Kevin S. Cummings1, Hugh A. Jones2 and Manuel Lopes-Lima3 Introduction Freshwater molluscs are found worldwide, occurring on all continents except Antarctica. There are approximately 1,200 species of freshwater bivalves, 97% of which belong to eight primary freshwater families: Unionidae, Margaritiferidae, Hyriidae, Mycetopodidae, Iridinidae, and Etheriidae (all Unionoida or freshwater mussels), Sphaeriidae, and Cyrenidae (both Veneroida) (Graf 2013). The world’s freshwater gastropod fauna comprises approximately 4,000 described species (Strong et al. 2008). Many species are globally imperiled and freshwater molluscs are considered to be the most threatened group of animals in the world (Williams et al. 1993; Lydeard et al. 2004; Johnson et al. 2013). Freshwater mussels (unionoids) are an integral component of aquatic ecosystems. Freshwater mussels can comprise >90% of the benthic biomass of rivers and an individual mussel can filter 40 L of water each day (Tankersley & Dimock 1993; Pusch et al. 2001; Strayer 2008). In addition, their shells function as substrate for many organisms including caddisflies, mayflies and other aquatic insects. Unionoids are often described as ecosystem engineers due to the direct and indirect physical effects that they have on freshwater ecosystems (Gutiérrez et al. 2003). Freshwater mussels also provide important direct services to humans, such as water purification, serving as an important prey for several mammals and commercial fishes, and providing a direct source of protein. Given their importance within aquatic ecosystems, the cascading consequences of unionoid declines can be considerable (Haag 2012; Vaughn et al.
    [Show full text]
  • 2283-IJBCS-Article-David Akele Giraud
    Available online at http://ajol.info/index.php/ijbcs Int. J. Biol. Chem. Sci. 9(1): 246-258, February 2015 ISSN 1997-342X (Online), ISSN 1991-8631 (Print) Original Paper http://indexmedicus.afro.who.int Traditional exploitation of edible freshwater oyster Etheria elliptica (Lamarck, 1807) in Pendjari River (Benin-West Africa): assessment of income, human pressure and options for management Giraud David AKELE 1* , Simon AHOUANSOU MONTCHO 1, Antoine CHIKOU 1, Guy Apollinaire MENSAH 2 and Philippe Adédjobi LALEYE 1 1 Laboratoire d’Hydrobiologie et d’Aquaculture, Faculté des Sciences Agronomiques, Université d’Abomey-Calavi, 01 BP 526 Cotonou, Bénin. 2 Institut National des Recherches Agricoles du Bénin (INRAB), CRA-Agonkanmey ; 01 BP. 884 Cotonou, Bénin. *Corresponding author, E-mail:[email protected] ABSTRACT Freshwater oyster Etheria elliptica (Mollusca: Bivalvia) was harvested in Pendjari River as important source of protein and income. The river crosses the Pendjari Biosphere Reserve, a protected area in Northern Benin. The freshwater oyster is harvested outside and within the protected area with increasing human pressure. The current study aims at assessing fishery production, human impact on wild stocks and suggests sustainable management options. Individual semi-structured interviews and monitoring of oyster collection were used to collect data on harvesters’ socio-economic characteristics, biomass production and seasonal income in 2008 and 2009. Mean shell size and weight as well as size frequency distribution were analyzed in relation to harvesting pressure. Oyster harvesting is the main traditional activity of Berba women in dry season, at low water level period. The oyster collectors used artisanal tools such as chisel-like metal, stone-hammer, rope, metal pan and pot.
    [Show full text]
  • 10Th Biennial Symposium
    Society Conservation Streams . Mollusk People . by: Mollusks Hosted Freshwater th 10 Biennial Symposium Sunday, March 26, 2017 – Thursday, March 30, 2017 DRAFT 2017 FMCS Symposium Schedule At A Glance Sunday 3/26/2017 Monday 3/27/2017 Tuesday 3/28/2017 Wednesday 3/29/2017 Thursday 3/30/2017 Registration 12-8pm Registration 7am - 5pm Registration 7am - 5pm Registration 7am - 10:00am Continental Breakfast Continental Breakfast Continental Breakfast 7:30 - 8:00 a.m. 7:30 - 8:15 a.m. 7:30 - 8:20 a.m. Welcome/Announcements Concurrent Paper Sessions Announcements and Plenary Presentations Keynote and Plenary Presentations 8:20 - 10:00 a. m. 8:15- 10:00 a.m. 8:00 - 10:00 a.m. SESSION 19, SESSION 20, SESSION 21 Workshops Morning Break 10:00 - 10:30 a.m. Morning Break 10:00 - 10:40 a.m. International Committee Concurrent Paper Sessions Concurrent Paper Sessions Concurrent Paper Sessions Meeting 10:30 a.m. - 12:30 p.m. 10:30 a.m. - 12:30 p.m. 10:40 a.m. - 12:20 p.m. 2:00 - 3:30 p.m. SESSION 1, SESSION 2, SESSION 3 SESSION 10, SESSION 11, SESSION 12 SESSION 22, SESSION 23, SESSION 24 Lunch On Your Own Lunch On Your Own 12:30 - 2:00 p.m. 12:30 - 2:00 p.m. FMCS Board Meeting FMCS Comm. Mtgs 4:00 - 6:00 p.m. (Lunch Provided) FMCS Comm. Mtgs 12:30 - 2:00 pm (Lunch Provided) Mussel Status & Distribution 12:30 - 2:00 pm Propagation and Restoration FMCS Business Lunch Optional Field Trips Gastropod Status & Distribution Information Exchange – Publications 12:30 - 2:30 p.m.
    [Show full text]
  • Towards a Global Phylogeny of Freshwater Mussels
    Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 130 (2019) 45–59 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/ympev Towards a global phylogeny of freshwater mussels (Bivalvia: Unionida): Species delimitation of Chinese taxa, mitochondrial phylogenomics, and T diversification patterns Xiao-Chen Huanga,b,1, Jin-Hui Sua,1, Jie-Xiu Ouyangc, Shan Ouyanga, Chun-Hua Zhoua, ⁎ Xiao-Ping Wua, a School of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China b Centre for Organismal Studies (COS) Heidelberg, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany c Medical Laboratory Education Center, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Keywords: The Yangtze River Basin in China is one of the global hotspots of freshwater mussel (order Unionida) diversity DNA barcoding with 68 nominal species. Few studies have tested the validity of these nominal species. Some taxa from the Unionidae Yangtze unionid fauna have not been adequately examined using molecular data and well-positioned phylo- Yangtze River genetically with respect to the global Unionida. We evaluated species boundaries of Chinese freshwater mussels, DUI and disentangled their phylogenetic relationships within the context of the global freshwater mussels based on BAMM the multi-locus data and complete mitochondrial genomes. Moreover, we produced the time-calibrated phylo- Host-attraction geny of Unionida and explored patterns of diversification. COI barcode data suggested the existence of 41 phylogenetic distinct species from our sampled 40 nominal taxa inhabiting the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. Maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference analyses on three loci (COI, 16S, and 28S) and complete mitochondrial genomes showed that the subfamily Unioninae sensu stricto was paraphyletic, and the subfamily Anodontinae should be subsumed under Unioninae.
    [Show full text]
  • Core Standardized Methods for Rapid Biological Field Assessment
    CORE STANDARDIZED METHODS FOR RAPID BIOLOGICAL FIELD AssESSMENT EDITED BY TROND H. LARSEN CORE STANDARDIZED METHODS FOR RAPID BIOLOGICAL FIELD AssESSMENT Edited by: Trond H. Larsen Any opinions expressed in this book are those of the writers and do not necessarily reflect Published by: those of Conservation International or its Conservation International co-publishers. 2011 Crystal Drive, Suite 500 Arlington, VA 22202 USA Suggested citation: Tel : +1 703-341-2400 Larsen, T.H. (ed.). 2016. Core Standardized www.conservation.org Methods for Rapid Biological Field Assessment. Conservation International, Cover photos left to right: Arlington, VA. © Trond H. Larsen, © Phil DeVries, © Trond H. Larsen, © Trond H. Larsen, Acknowledgments: © Trond H. Larsen, © Trond H. Larsen, Conservation International thanks the large © Conservation International/Photo by number of authors and their supporting Russell A. Mittermeier, © Trond H. Larsen, institutions for working so diligently and © Trond H. Larsen, © Trond H. Larsen, cooperatively towards the common goal of © Trond H. Larsen this handbook. We are also indebted to the many peer reviewers who helped to improve Back cover photo: this handbook and the protocols therein. This © Trond H. Larsen publication would not have been possible without the coordination and support provided Conservation International is a private, by Travis Thyberg. non-profit organization exempt from federal income tax under section 501c(3) of the Conservation International expresses their Internal Revenue Code. sincere gratitude
    [Show full text]
  • Training of Trainers Module on the Monitoring of Freshwater Molluscs
    [Tapez un texte] [Tapez INTEGRATION OF FRESHWATER BIODIVERSITY INTO AFRICA’S DEVELOPMENT PROCESS: MOBILIZATION OF INFORMATION AND DEMONSTRATION SITES Demonstration Project in the Gambia River Basin Training of Trainers Module on the Monitoring of Freshwater Molluscs Dr. Ndiaga THIAM & Anis DIALLO September 2010 INTEGRATION OF FRESHWATER BIODIVERSITY INTO AFRICA’S DEVELOPMENT PROCESS: MOBILIZATION OF INFORMATION AND DEMONSTRATION SITES Demonstration Project in the Gambia River Basin Training of Trainers Module on the Monitoring of Freshwater Molluscs Wetlands International Afrique Rue 111, Zone B, Villa No 39B BP 25581 DAKAR-FANN TEL. : (+221) 33 869 16 81 FAX : (221) 33 825 12 92 EMAIL : [email protected] September 2010 Freshwater Molluscs Page 2 Contents Introduction ................................................................................................................................ 4 Goals and Objectives of the module ....................................................................................... 5 Module Contents ..................................................................................................................... 5 Training needs ........................................................................................................................ 6 Course procedures ................................................................................................................... 6 Expected Results ....................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • The Status and Distribution of Freshwater Biodiversity in Central Africa
    THE S THE STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION T A OF FRESHWATER BIODIVERSITY T U S IN CENTRAL AFRICA AND Brooks, E.G.E., Allen, D.J. and Darwall, W.R.T. D I st RIBU T ION OF F RE S HWA T ER B IODIVER S I T Y IN CEN CENTRAL AFRICA CENTRAL T RAL AFRICA INTERNATIONAL UNION FOR CONSERVATION OF NATURE WORLD HEADQUARTERS Rue Mauverney 28 1196 Gland Switzerland Tel: + 41 22 999 0000 Fax: + 41 22 999 0020 www.iucn.org/species www.iucnredlist.org The IUCN Red List of Threatened SpeciesTM Regional Assessment About IUCN IUCN Red List of Threatened Species™ – Regional Assessment IUCN, International Union for Conservation of Nature, helps the world find pragmatic solutions to our most pressing environment and development Africa challenges. The Status and Distribution of Freshwater Biodiversity in Eastern Africa. Compiled by William R.T. Darwall, Kevin IUCN works on biodiversity, climate change, energy, human livelihoods and greening the world economy by supporting scientific research, managing G. Smith, Thomas Lowe and Jean-Christophe Vié, 2005. field projects all over the world, and bringing governments, NGOs, the UN and companies together to develop policy, laws and best practice. The Status and Distribution of Freshwater Biodiversity in Southern Africa. Compiled by William R.T. Darwall, IUCN is the world’s oldest and largest global environmental organization, Kevin G. Smith, Denis Tweddle and Paul Skelton, 2009. with more than 1,000 government and NGO members and almost 11,000 volunteer experts in some 160 countries. IUCN’s work is supported by over The Status and Distribution of Freshwater Biodiversity in Western Africa.
    [Show full text]
  • Habitat Preference, Environmental Tolerance and Population Viability of Westralunio Carteri Iredale 1934, a Threatened Freshwater Mussel Of
    Habitat preference, environmental tolerance and population viability of Westralunio carteri Iredale 1934, a threatened freshwater mussel of south-western Australia Le Ma This thesis is presented for the Doctor of Philosophy 2018 Murdoch University, Perth, Western Australia DECLARATION I declare that this thesis is my own original account of my research and contains as its main content, work which has not previously been submitted for a degree at any tertiary education institution and as author, I reserve the right of copyright under the Copyright Act 1968, Commonwealth of Australia. …………………………………………………………… Le Ma i ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS There are many people who gave me generous help and good wishes for my PhD study. I am extremely grateful for all their help and will remember them for the rest of my life. First of all, I would like to express my deepest appreciation to my supervisors, Alan Lymbery, David Morgan and Stephen Beatty for their patient supervision towards the completion of this PhD project. I could not have completed this thesis without their guidance. Special thanks to Michael Klunzinger for his fundamental research on Westralunio carteri before my study and useful advice about the research direction of this study. His hard work and project opened the door to the world of Australian freshwater bivalves for me. I also wish to thank Jennifer Lymbery, Rowan Lymbery and Samuel Lymbery for their kindhearted support. All their work and inspirations will continue to encourage me until my last day. I would like to thank the following organisations who provided important funding for this study: Murdoch University Student Research Grant; Holsworth Wildlife Research Endowment and Australian Wildlife Society Student Research Grant.
    [Show full text]
  • Etheria Elliptica) in Some Water Bodies in Ondo State Nigeria
    OPEN ACCESS International Journal of Aquatic Science ISSN: 2008-8019 Vol. 10, No. 1, 11-18, 2019 Habitat studies of freshwater mussel (Etheria elliptica) in some water bodies in Ondo State Nigeria Olamide Olaronke Olawusi-Peters Federal University of Technology, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria. Received: January-12-2018 Accepted: April-19-2018 Published: January-01-2019 Abstract: The report of the decline in the population of Etheria elliptica necessitate the habitat study of the mussel in river Ogbese and Owena reservoir, Ondo state, Nigeria in order to know the status of the organism within the ecosystem. Thirty (30) specimens each from the water bodies were sampled between May to August 2012. The meristic variables and the condition factor of mussels showed that the samples from Owena reservoir (K = 16.33) were heavier than River Ogbese (K = 8.34). The water quality parameter buttress a better mussel in Owena reservoir, this is as a result of controlled human activities experienced by the reservoir. Nevertheless, the water quality parameters obtained from both water bodies were within the requirements of the mussel. Positive allometric growth pattern was observed in Etheria elliptica from both water bodies (Ogbese b = 3.02; Owena b = 3.01). The flow rate of both water bodies differ slightly, with river Ogbese having the highest flow rate. The study revealed that Etheria elliptica in both study areas were in good and healthy conditions despite the various human activities on the water bodies. Keywords: Condition factor, Human disturbance, Owena Reservoir, River Ogbese, Etheria elliptica Introduction Etheria elliptica has a widespread distribution to be extinct since it has not been recorded live since throughout Africa and Madagascar with no major the early 20th century (Van Damme, 2011).
    [Show full text]
  • Iil0bjllly THREAT&N&D INDIAN FAUNA
    IIl0BJlLLY THREAT&N&D INDIAN FAUNA Status, Issues and Prospects ARUNKUMAR · VINOD KHANNA ZOOLOGICAL SURVEY OF INDIA j,. Globally Threatened Indian Fauna Status, Issues and Prospects ARUNKUMAR VINOD KHANNA Northern Regional Station, Zoological Survey of India, Dehra Dun Edited by the Director, Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata Zoological Survey of India Kolkata CITATION KUlnar, Arun and Vinod Khanna 2006. Globally Threatened Indian Fauna- Stalus. Issues and Prospects. : 1-104 (Published by the Director" Zool. Surv. India, Kolkata) Published : August, 2006 ISBN SI-S171-122-X Cover : Pink-headed Duck Rhodonessa carryophyllacea (GT/Cr) Photo Salim Ali (Repro,duced by Frank Todd) © Govt. o.lIndia, 2006 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED • No part of this publication may be reproduced stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical. photocopying, recording or otherwise without the prior permission of the publisher. • This book is sold subject to the condition that it shall not, by way of trade, be lent, resold hired out or otherwise disposed of without the publisher's consent, in an form of binding or cover other than that in which, it is published. • The correct price of this publication is the price printed on this page. Any revised price indicated by a rubber stamp or by a sticker or by any other means is incorrect and should be unacceptable, PRICE Indian Rs. 200.00 Foreign $ 15 £ 10 Published at the Publication Division, by the Director, Zoological Survey of India. 234/4 AJ.C. Bose Road, 2nd MSO Building, Nizam Palace (13th floor), Kolkata - 700 020 and printed at Krishna Printing Works, Kolkata - 700 006.
    [Show full text]