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Christo Miyahira, Igor; Barbosa dos Santos, Sonia; Dreher Mansur, Maria Cristina Freshwater mussels from South America: state of the art of Unionida, specially Rhipidodontini Biota Neotropica, vol. 17, núm. 4, 2017, pp. 1-13 Instituto Virtual da Biodiversidade Campinas, Brasil

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Freshwater mussels from South America: state of the art of Unionida, specially Rhipidodontini

Igor Christo Miyahira 1* , Sonia Barbosa dos Santos 2 & Maria Cristina Dreher Mansur 3

1Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Avenida Pasteur, 458, 22290-240, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil 2Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rua São Francisco Xavier, 524, 20550-900, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil 3Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil *Corresponding author: Igor Christo Miyahira, e-mail: [email protected]

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Abstract: nioni is the ost ierse cle o reshwter biles. €on the rops occrrin in oth €eric one with the hihest nber o species is •hipioontini ‚riie nioni ƒleoheteroont ili. ‚oweer seerl issues remains on taxonomy and systematic of this group, leading to problems on species identication, description, as lso s liitin ctor to other tpe o sties e.g., ecolo consertion„. n this pper is presente snthesis o ilble …nowlee bot Diplodon pi in †ner ‡ n Rhipidodonta Mörch, 1853 in South America, as a rst step in orer to better nersttin o •hipioontini. ˆhe eltion o i erent thors eposes the little reeent between the tht reslte in sort o ierent tonoicl opinions. oe coents on ecolo consertion n hbitt pre erences were e. ˆhis wor… cn lso encore tre reserch on tono sstetic ecolo n consertion o reshwter ssels in oth €eric. Keywords: Diplodon, Rhipidodonta, Hyriidae, Bivalvia, Freshwater bivalve.

Bivalves de água doce da América do Sul: estado da arte de Unionida, especialmente Rhipidodontini

Resumo: nioni ‰ o clo is ierso e biles e Š oce. ‹ntre os rpos Œe ocorre n €‰ric o l os co ior n•ero e esp‰cies ‰ •hipioontini ‚riie nioni ƒleoheteroont ili. Porém, diversas questões taxonômicas e sistemáticas ainda incidem sob este grupo, levando a problemas de identicação de espécies, descrição, entre outros, como também tem atuado como limitador de outros tipos de estudos ( e.g., ecoloi conservação,..). Neste trabalho é apresentada uma revisão do conhecimento acerca dos gêneros Diplodon pi in †ner ‡ e Rhipidodonta Mörch, 1853 na América do Sul como um primeiro passo para a melhor compreensão de •hipioontini. €lino se i erentes tores se torn clro poc concorŽnci entre eles resltno e opini•es taxonômicas divergentes. São feitos também alguns comentários sobre ecologia, conservação e preferências ambientais. Este trabalho também deve encorajar futuros trabalhos sobre a taxonomia, sistemática, ecologia e conservação de biles e Š n €‰ric o l. Palavras-chave: Diplodon, Rhipidodonta, Hyriidae, Bivalvia, Bivalve de água doce.

Introduction pheriie ‚eteroont: “eneri lie eclsiel in reshwter nsr ”iribet ‡ . •reshwter ssels nioni re one ollsc is the secon phl in nber o species with estites o the ost ennere nil rop e to continos ertion o on the nber o liin species rnin p to ƒoner • their ecosstes trer et l. €rl et l. ‡ ƒereir et l. ‘inber ‡ . ili constittes one o the ost representtie . ore recentl €sin reshwter biles li…e Limnoperna rops o this phl with ore thn ‡ species liin worlwie. fortunei n…er ‡ tilie n Corbicula spp. renie €lthoh ost re rine species bot lie in reshwter in tht he been introce to seerl istnt contries n continents ll continents ecept €ntrctic •ppert et l. on ‡ . inclin oth €eric cse seere ecoloicl n econoicl eerl linees coloni’e reshwter ecosstes especill the orer loss rrirn • borene nsr et l. oltos…o nioni ƒleoheteroont s well s soe species o €rci tili • o rre – et l. . ƒterioorph “eneri i n €noloest ‚eteroont iles inhbit the botto sbstrte n re iportnt ebers sestin tht bile insions o reshwter enironents occrre o reshwter conities per orin iportnt ecosste serices neros ties ‚ . €ll liin species o nioni n “hn . ‹cept or the enironentl i erences between rine http://.oi.or/./ http://www.scielo.br/bn Biota Neotrop . : e

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n reshwter orniss the reshwter species re enerll siilr to s ‚ipson plce hriis within €nionie. ccorin to marine ones; although they are less colorful, camouaged among sand oell telie is bsl ro p tht ori intes ll other ssels. rins n stones nsr . •reshwter biles cn be on in roi † onetto propose n rrn eent in two s perilies lost ll ilble icrohbitts occpin i erent niches: brrowers bse inl on the lr•l tpe which ws wiel ccepte b s bse‹ ent o sot seients orit o species b rrowers o copcte seients thors: €nionce €nionie Ž r ritierie Ž riie with e.g., Mycetopoda rbi n n Mycetopodella rshll lochii lr•” n telce telie Ž cetopoie with we ers o sot rocs n lterite e.g., Bartlettia s ttche b lasidium larva. Etheriidae is not included in the classication, as its larval bss s e.g., Byssanodonta rbi n n Eupera o r i nt st e ws nnown t tht tie o n † ƒoe . „he lr•l st e o n species ceente to hr s bstrte e.g., Acostaea rbi n n Acostaea rivolii (Deshayes, 1827) (Etheriidae) was later identied as a Etheria rc ns r ereir et l. . lsii rte •‚o oso onetto . •bt re•ise r in ol ws to s ri e the nowle e bo t €nioni the nes se in €nioni cliin tht “therioie n •riinie sho l i•l•i leoheteroont in ‚o th eric especill re rin be se inste o teloie n telie. „he recent wors ccepte ƒhipioontini riie. these s estions e.g., Šr † ˆ in s . •n the be innin o the st cent r there hs been ree•l tion o 1. Systematics of Unionida sstetic reltionships bse on phlo enetic ethoolo ies incl in olec lr t in soe o these nlses. „he onophl o “theriie „he t…onoic instbilit o bi•l•es res lts in prt ro the lr e o nt ws ‹ estione b o n † oeh who consiere Acostea n o •ilble nes ieler † ielsen which chn e ccorin Etheria tritionll incl e in “theriie within cetopoie to the ierent chrcters ephsi e b ech thor. „he sstetic o n Pseudomulleria nthon n •nin reshwter oster insie i•l•i ws resse b se•erl thors „hiele ‡ewell €nionie. o n † oeh propose ltiple ori ins to ceenttion ˆo… et l. ‰rnc ‚chneier Širibet n the position o on reshwter bi•l•es r in the occ rrence o the se process in leoheteroont reins ‹ ite stble. leoheteroont is s ll presente the non•relte ˆrenie Posostrea anomioides o n † o chet . s Œhlw• between terioorphi n eteroont ‚c hneier „he nlsis o oeh et l. is siilr to o n † oeh Širibet . ieler et l. presente sli htl ierent rrn eent s estin tht riie is sister ro p to the reinin €nioni n where leoheteroont is sister ro p to rchiheteroont n this consierin €nionce sensu roi † onetto s prphletic is sister to cle copose b noloest Ž •prienti tht ro p. „ht schee iplies tht the lochii n the lr•e inc btion ebrces ost bi•l•es pre•io sl in eteroont. €nioni is incl e in in the inner eibrnch eno eno s re plesioorphic chrcteristics leoheteroont n it is ro p o s ll lr e•si e ssels tht h•e o €nioni. pec lir lie ccle with prsitic st e n presents the ost s ccess l Šr nl e the reltionships insie “therioie with n rition in reshwters b bi•l•es Šr † ˆ in s . ephsis on riie” s estin tht riie •riinie n “theriie „he inner reltionships o €nioni re not s cler s the position o re onophletic. €nionie once ore h its onophl ‹ estione leoheteroont. ‚ipson propose onl two ilies in €nionoi n Grandidieria o r i nt tritionll plce in €nionie ‘ €nioni: €nionie n telie. ost bi•l•es tht re c rrentl is consiere sister ro p o “therioie. Šr † ˆ ins reco ni e s €nionie r ritierie n riie ‰i re •ˆ s este tht leoheteroont is onophletic n i•ie €nionoi compose the rst group; and the current representatives of Mycetopodidae in two cles: €nionoie €nionie Ž r rtierie n “therioie n •riinie re prt o the secon ro p ‰i re ’•“ . „hereore riie Ž “theriie Ž cetopoie Ž •riinie. €nlie other thors €nionie sensu ‚ipson encopsses the species with lr•e o e.g., o n † oeh ” oeh et l. Šr † ˆ in s lochii tpe wheres telie sensu ‚ipson those with s este the onophl o €nionie n “theriie conition ltter the lsii tpe. rtnn reco ni e three ilies within the lso s pporte b –heln et l. . •n tht schee €nionoie is the s peril ‡ies: r ritnie ‘ r ritierie €nionie n telie ‘ riie Ž cetopoie Ž •riinie. se on orpholo icl chrcteristics o their sot prts not onl on their shells rtnn note siilrities between hriis n telis n reo•e hriis ro €nionie estblishin the s s bil o telie. „hiele classied all freshwater mussels as Unionacea, recognizing o r ilies: r ritnie €nionie telie n etheriie ‰i re ). That is the rst classication scheme that posed an exclusive il or reshwter osters etheriie ‘ “theriie ‰i re ‰ . „hie le se the se s bilies o telie propose b rtnn . These rst arrangements of Unionida follow biogeographical patterns: orel species ro pe in r ritierie or r ritnie n €nionie” n strl species in telie ‘ riie Ž cetopoie rtnn „hiele . owe•er the seprtion is not cler c t or e…ple „hiele let Virgus ‚ipson n other strl ins lr species o ceni in €nionie. oell propose o r ilies telie “lliptionie Figure 1. ebers o €nioni. — €nionie Lampsilis fasciola Ranesque, ‡ƒ˜ se ‡cionl o ƒio e ˜neiro ” — r ritierie r ritierie n €nionie with n s bilies. “lliptionie Margaritifera sp. ‡ƒ˜ ” ˆ • Echyridella menziesii ’ieenbch coprises the orit o species tritionll llocte in €nionie. ‡ƒ˜ ” ’ — •riinie Aspatharia pfeifferiana ernri ‡ƒ˜ ‚ oell lso s este reltionship between this ro p n ” “ — cetopoie Mycetopoda soleniformis rbi n ‡ƒ˜ ” telie wherein ll lsii berers were ro pe to ether. oell ‰ — “theriie Etheria elliptica rc ‡ƒ˜ ‚ . ‚cle br ‘ c. http://www.scielo.br/bn http://.oi.or/./ Biota Neotrop . : e

‚tte o the rt o ƒhipioontini bsl ro p o €nioni while riie is the bsl ro p o “therioie. ‚ch cher ” Paxyodon ‚ch cher ” Callonaia ‚ipson •n certin spects this rrn eent is ret rn to erl schees o sstetic ” Castalia rc ” Castaliella ‚ipson ” Diplodon or ni tion e.g., rtnn with borel species seprte ro ‚pi… in – ner n Rhipidodonta rch i o ne the strl species. „he e…ceptions re soe strl species o €nionie n nine ener to strli: Hyridella Cucumerunio rele s Šr † ˆ in s . Echyridella cichel iscoc Virgus Velesunio rele ‡e•ess reco ni e two ro ps o li•in reshwter Alathyria rele Lortilella rele Microdontia pprone ssels: €nionoie €nionie Ž r rtierie n “therioie neri Westralunio rele r ins . telie Ž “theriie b t i not list the ener within ech ro p t is noteworth€ tht not ll thors ree with the •li stts o ech so it is ipossible to now precisel where riie n cetopoie o these ener. i one consiere Triplodon pi‚ in ƒner stn. s telie tritionll ebrce the species o •riinie s s€non€ nlie Mansur & Pimpão (2008) who escribe cetopoie n riie rtnn „hiele Šr ” new species o this ens. he olest €riie recor is ro rissic o we cn s ppose tht ‡e•ess consiere ll the species o these „ew …eln pbell et l. n ro †rssic o oth eric ilies s belon in to telie. ‡e re et l. . oleclr cloc inicte onwnn oriin o or point o is reeent between ierent thors is the position €riie r et l. ntosˆ„eto et l. . o riie soeties ro pe with lochii •berin species n he ‰ires to bse on the t •ilble in r ins soeties ro pe with the other Šonwnic species cetopoie llow ore etile e•ltion o the istribtion o the n “theriie o n † oeh Šr Šr † ˆ in s oth ericn species o €riie Štheriie n €cetopoie. o n . ieler et l. opte n intereite sol tion to the r ins i•ies the „eotropicl reion in si‚ res: proble i•iin the li•in species o €nioni in three s perilies eso eric inclin b rnsnen inclin the bsins o „ble ). In this classication, Hyrioidea (represented only by Hyriidae) ri•ers len n rcibo ‹onsˆŒrinoco inclin the occ p n intereite position between the two other ro ps “therioie Guyanas), Atlantic coastal streams (including the São Francisco River and Unionoidea, reecting the conicting data from other authors concerning bsin ‡rn•ˆ‡r€ n ‡toni. he two in ilies €riie the position o riie o n † oeh oeh et l. Šr † n €cetopoie re wiespre in the reion €cetopoie occrs ˆ ins . Šr et l. presente riie s sister to in all regions and Hyriidae in ve of them ( ‰ire . Štheriie re li ite ll other reshwter ssel ilies in position ‹ ite ierent ro the to three reions. n the reions o tlntic costl stre s ‡rn•ˆ‡r€ pre•io sl one Šr † ˆ in s howe•er siilr re rin to n ‡toni pre•ils species o €riie in the others reions there re riie position to topolo presente b o n † oeh n oeh et l. .

Table 1. Želtionships o ‡leoheteroont ollowin •ieler et l. , modied 2. Geographical distribution of South American to incle onl€ the li•in t‚ o ‡leoheteroont. mussels ‡leoheteroont rionii rionioie rioniie •nioni Štherioie Štheriie €nioni occ rs worlwie in ierent ins o reshwter hbitts riinie e…cept in ntrctic Šr † ˆ in s o n . ˆ rrent estites €cetopoie reco ni e ppro…itel species istrib te on si… ilies: €rioie €riie riie cetopoie €nionie •riinie n “theriie Šr † •nionoie •nionie ˆ in s ieler et l. . rritierie “theriie is Šonwnic n coprises o r species occ rrin in ric Etheria elliptica rc ” •ni Pseudomulleria dalyi ‚ith n ‚o th eric Acostea rivolii n Bartlettia stefanensis oricn s Šr † ˆ in s . „he onophl o this il is isp te n there is no reeent s hi hli hte b ierent opinions •ilble roi † onetto o n † oeh onetto ‚ione oeh et l ns r et l. . cetopoie is ‡eotropicl istrib te ll o•er ‚o th eric est o the nes n west o ˆentrl eric ll the w to e…ico Šr † ˆ in s o n . „here re bo t •li species o cetopoie in ‚ione or ener Šr † ˆ in s . onetto lso incl es Acostaea in cetopoie wheres other thors roi † onetto Šr belie•e tht Leila Šr s ll plce in cetopoie belon s to •riinie. „he ori in o cetopoie is in the ˆretceo s ˆo… et l. . „here re ro n species o riie occ rrin thro ho t ceni n ‚o th eric with onl two or three species west o the nes onetto et l. ” r † ereo ” Šr † ˆ in s ” o n . riie is onophletic Šr et l. n s ll i•ie in two ro ps s b•ilies the riine which coprises ‚o th ericn species e…cept b Hyridella ‚winson n soe relte strlin species” n ™eles nionine tht coprises ost strlin Figure 2. „ ber o species o €riie n €cetopoie in ierent res species Šr † ˆ in s ” ieler et l. ” Šr et l. . o „eotropicl reion. •se on the oriinl t b€ r ins . on riie se•en ener re reco ni e to ‚o th eric: Prisodon ‘e€: ’r r€ “ €riie •lc “ Štheriie n ”iht r€ “ €cetopoie. http://….oi.or /./••‡•• http://www.scielo.br/bn Biota Neotrop . : e

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reion in ssels richness n this hih percente o nts to onl three species. theriie is lws sll rction o totl species. i re presents the i ersit o hipioontini Rhipidodonta Diplodon . here re no representti es o hipioontini in the esoeric n rnsnen reions. he ni e species o riie pointe o t b r ins to rnsnen reion is Castalia multisulcata p €• tht belons to stliini. hipioontini represents ost species o riie in ‚eotropics res ltin in siilrities between gure 4 and 2. he ierence between the ƒ„ons…†rinoco reion n ƒtlntic costl stres reion lower in i re thn in i re re e to the occ rrence o e‡cl si e ƒ„onin riie ener liˆe Callonaia Castaliella n Prisodon. r ins incl e these ener in other tribes riini or stliini.

3. Taxonomy and systematics of Rhipidodontini he ost iportnt st ies concernin the sstetics o hipioontini i re • re shown in ble n ƒppeni‡ ‰ see Š ppleentr teril: Šipson ‹ †rtnn ‹ orretes ‹‹ roi„ ‹Œ€ s ‹Œ‹ Šione Œ n r ins . he following discussion focused on specic epithet, regardless of the genus or s ben s the thor eploe. or e‡ple s ‹Œ‹ se Diplodon Rhipidodonta rhombea Špi‡ in •ner € while r ins se Rhipidodonta rhombea Ž rerless o en s esintion we Figure 3. epresentti eness o riie cetopoie n theriie in rere tht both thors consiere • rhombeus • s li species. the ‚eotropicl reion bse on the oriinl t b r ins . Diplodon is tritionll i ie in s bener inl bse on et res •e: –rˆ r — riieŽ “lcˆ — theriie n ˜iht r — cetopoie. o the shell n the two ost se re Rhipidodonta n Diplodon s.s. . Šipson ‹ n hiele ‹‘ reconi„e three s bener: Diplodon s.s . Rhipidodonta ’ Cyclomya Šipson ‹ n Bulloideus Šipson ‹ see ble n ƒppeni‡ ‰. †rtnn ‹ n orretes ‹‹ reconi„e two s bener Diplodon n Rhipidodonta . he species plce in Bulloideus were s ll incl e in Rhipidodonta b the thors that did not use the rst subgenera. s ‹Œ‹ reconi„e o r s bener in Schleschiella oell ‹• to those entione pre io sl. †rtnn ‹ was the rst to notice differences in glochidium, however, he did not ssin those ritions to s bener. he chrcteristics o lochii were linˆe to s bener b “onetto ‹Œ ‹Œ• n roi„ “onetto ‹Œ‘ . Šione Œ rise Rhipidodonta to en s stt s n ie ollowe lter b r ins Œ consierin Diplodon to encopss the species with prsite lochii n Rhipidodonta those with non…prsite lochii . hese two ener Diplodon n Rhipidodonta were incl e in tribe hipioontini r ins with Figure 4. ‚ ber o species o hipioontini Rhipidodonta Diplodon in ll species pre io sl rrne in s bener b other thors ble ‚eotropicl reion. he reions tht re not presente on”t h e n hipioontini ƒppeni‡ ‰. Šione Œ o not presente n e‡plntion to s pport species i.e. esoeric n rnsnen. “se on the oriinl t b r his ecision n probbl or this reson soe thors liˆe ereir et l ins . on”t ollowe his s estions. ‰t is cler tht lochii is oo inostic et re in riie roi„ “oneto ‹Œ‘ ns r ‹ ‹‹ ns r Šil ‹‹‹ Pimpão et al. 2012 ), but is also necessary to nd other chrcteristics on the orpholo o lt speciens s well s on ore €cetopoie species ‰ire . he res with the retest totl olec lr spects to s bstntite this i ision. ‰t is lso iportnt to ention n ber o species re ‹onsˆŒrinoco spp. n ‡rn•ˆ‡r€ tht in Šo th ƒeric there re n ner…sple res n nescribe (41 spp.), the rst with the greatest number of Mycetopodidae (24 spp.) and lochii o hipioontini. •e propose to opte prsionio sl the the secon with the retest n ber o €riie spp.. ‡ereir et l. s estion o Šione Œ sin Rhipidodonta onl to the species tht inicte the s e res s those o hih i•ersit€ n pointe the glochidium is described and without any doubts about identication. ll reion est o nes e‚cept b€ „orthest •r‹il s ph€loeneticll€ lochii is ˆnown or ‘ noinl species o Diplodon n strctre b€ €riie n €cetopoie. or noinl species o Rhipidodonta . ‰n cses where the lochii tpe is issin the en s ssinent is bse onl on lt shell orpholo. o prin the representti•eness o ech il€ in ierent res ht is the cse o soe species reconi„e in se erl worˆs s Diplodon we notice tren towrs ecrese in €cetopoie lon with n rhombeus ’ Rhipidodonta rhombea ter Šione Œ i re • . here increse in €riie ‰ire ro „orth to oth. he e‚tre es re were lso soe cses o •chne• o the lochii tpe ter etile eso eric withot €riie species n ‡toni where €riie re isionŽ or e‡ple lochii tpe in Diplodon suavidicus ”†rbin represents ore thn o nioni n. owe er toni is poor €‘• i re • ) was rstly assigned as non-parasite ( Šione Œ n http://www.scielo.br/bn http://‚.oi.or/ . / ˆ ˆ•„ˆ ˆ Biota Neotrop . : e ‘ •

Štte o the rt o hipioontini

Figure 5. ebers o hipioontini. ƒ… Rhipidodonta charruana ”†rbin €‘• ‚ seo ‚cionl e istori ‚t rl — onti ieo Ž “ — Diplodon chilensis r oo bbece se sselor w/n isihe collection Diplodon fontainianus rbin € • Diplodon parallelopipedon e ‚ w/n isihe collection ƒ Rhipidodonta hylaea rbin „ … se r €trne w/n †etel collection ‡ Diplodon multistriatus e € ˆ•• Diplodon parodizi …onetto ˆ• € ‰oc. Št‹ •Œ• Diplodon rhombeus ‰piŽ in •ner Œ ‰ ‡ ‰encenber ‡orschnsinstitt n €trse ‚. ‰cle br • c. http://‡.oi.or/ . •‹/ ŒŒ…Œ …“‚… …‘ http://www.scielo.br/bn • Biota Neotrop . Œ‚ : e•Œ•‚ •Œ

ihir ‘.. et l. lter s prsite Pimpão et al. 2012 . Pimpão et al. (2012) sccessll p rts. Diplodon dunkerianus e ‹… n D. martensi •herin se the lochii to ierentite onin species o riie ths were onl presente b ipson n ƒ ro i„ … on the pro“in tht lochii cn be powerl in species eliittion. thors o ble . oweer there re ore recent reerences to D. martensi ne concept tht ppere in se“erl oler wors ws tht o ”rop • nsr ‘ „ et l. • nsr ƒeier ˆ ƒitoni n o species• ‰ipson ˆ‚ rtnn ˆ s ˆ• ˆ b bnone D. dunkerianus Ž r l et l. . in ore recent wors s ˆ•ˆ ‰ione ••• r – ins ••Œ . rt nn presente siil r nber o species cop re ”rop o species• incles se“erl species tht shre soe chrcteristics to l ter wors s … ‡r ˆ ‰ins howeer the sll the shell strctre n the ost proinent species ccorin to species liste were ierent. rt nn b se on the ’nioni sot‚p rts the thor len their ne to the rop. owe“er the chrcteristics o morphology, proposed the rst phylogenetic relationships of the Unionida the ierent rops re not “er cler which le to soe o“erlppin. families and subfamilies, as well as one of the rst schemes to classify rop o species oes not hol tŽonoic stts n is se onl s the oth Žeric n n i es which is still p rti ll ccepte . e lso w to ornie the species b orpholoicl siilrit. ll the thors broht we lth o inor tion on the shell cop r tie orpholo n tht se ”rop o species• presente siŽ rops howe“er the choice o lochi i o rii e tool nee e to better n erst n the hih eree in species n the coposition o ech rop ws ierent Šble . of polymorphism at the specic level. Šhe rops o Diplodon granosus rire n D. delodontus he ten enc to escribe seer l new species ecre ses ter rt nn rc D. lacteolus were entione b the three thors . oweer s … …… still escribe or new boe ipson rt nn s b howeer species in sep r te wors. his ch ne in point o iew is prob bl e to the species incl e in e ch rop were ierent ccor in to e ch better coprehension o shell polorphis. he st o the n i s thor. or e ple ipson lloc te species in the rop st rts to c†ire its crrent sh pe in s … when he pr e n o D. granosus where s rt nn n s b ep n e the snonic lists st rte b ipson n rt nn propose onl one species with three sbspecies. he concept o €rop o species• w s siil r to the concept o €sper‚species• se b ƒ ro i„ . eer l species li te b s … re ine with the s e … bt lso not pplie in sbse†ent wors e.g. ione … st ts in sbse†ent wors. or e ple ot o the species consi ere ‡r ˆ ‰ins … . li b ‡r ˆ ‰ins receie the st ts o species or ipson presente the hihest nber o species with sbspecies b s … . seen new species n one new sbspecies. oe species n es were here re species n es ssoci te to Diplodon n Rhipidodonta se onl b ipson lie Diplodon ampullaceus e …… ecl in ossil species n nomen nudum ƒ r o i„ … onetto ˆ ss r Diplodon aplatus Šeee …‹ Diplodon effulgens e ‹… Diplodon .‹“ were se in species or sbspecies r n b t le st one o modestus Œ•ster ‹… Diplodon quadrans e ‹ n Diplodon the thors o ble n Žppen i • ipson rt nn rufofuscus e ‹ . ipson lso incl e soe Žstr li n •or retes ƒ ro i„ … s … ione … ‡r ˆ ‰ins species in Diplodon sbener : Hyridella Cucumaria n Laevirostris le in ot species n es ….‹“ th t were not se b n which were reoe b sbse†ent thors e.g., rt nn s o the. ”espite the hih nber o species n es se i.e. ost … . ipson snoni„e soe species n es n escribe the o the were se onl b one or two thors .…“ n .“ species b se inl on their shell sin ew inor tion bot the sot respectiel ire … Žppen i • .

Table 2. –ber o species o Šhipi o ontini consi ere li b ierent thors. –oteworth th t or or prposes lob l scope wor is lost e† l to oth Žeric scope bec se the recent n Šhipi o ontini occrs onl in oth Žeric . — ‚ he thor presents soe Žstr li n ors s Diplodon sbener Hyridella w inson Cucumaria ‰onr ‹ Laevirostris ipson th t re not incl e in this t ble in or er to llow n e† l cop rison with other thors. —— ‚ ‰onsi ere obtl b the thor. Reference Genera or subgenera Number of valid species Geographic scope ipson Diplodon Diplodon Diplodon species ˜ sbspecies— ‡lob l Cyclomya Diplodon Bulloideus rt nn Diplodon Diplodon Diplodon species oth Žeric Cyclomya •orretes Diplodon Diplodon Diplodon … species ˜ sbspecies r „il Rhipidodonta s … Diplodon Diplodon Diplodon species ˜ sbspecies ‡lob l Rhipidodonta Diplodon Schleschiella Diplodon Bulloideus ƒ ro i„ … Diplodon Diplodon Diplodon species ˜ … sbspecies oth Žeric Rhipidodonta ione … Diplodon Rhipidodonta spp. in Diplodon spp. in r „il n ne rb re s Rhipidodonta ˜ spp. obtl—— ‡r ˆ ‰ins Rhipidodonta Diplodon spp. in Diplodon spp. in ‡lob l Rhipidodonta

Table 3. ‡rops o species o Diplodon pi in • ner presente b ierent thors. Author Groups proposed ipson Diplodon lacteolus, D. granosus, D. burroughianus, D. pazi, D. parallelipipedon, D. quadrans rt nn D. hylaeus, D. granosus, D. chilensis, D. charruanus, D. lacteolus, D. ellipticus s b D. chilensis, D. charruanus, D. hylaeus, D. parallelipipedon, D. delodontus, D. granosus http://www.scielo.br/bn http://Ž.oi.or/•.ˆ•/•Œ•’••’…€’•Œ’•‚ Biota Neotrop . : e

t te o the rt o Šhipi o ontini

nl or species .…“ re reconi„e s li b ll thors n el: were not incl e in ione … n el: Diplodon chilensis Diplodon charruanus ™rbin ‹ Diplodon granosus Diplodon ‡r Diplodon ucki •orrison Diplodon guaporensis hylaeus n Diplodon parallelopipedon e ire ‹Ž”š . onetto ˆ ss r Diplodon losadae s …… n Diplodon esi es these ll the thors cite the €set• ellipticus pi in • ner solidulus ƒhilippi … . ”espite the ierences ione … n ‡r ˜ wagnerianus ipson th t reers to the s e bioloic l ˆ ‰ins were the ost siil r wors presente in Žppen i •. species thoh s … se ellipticus s sbspecies o Diplodon granosus . his reeent between the thors col sest th t these 4. Identication of Rhipidodontini species re e sil reconi„ ble. his is prob bl tre to Diplodon hylaeus and Diplodon parallelopipedon which h e pecli r shell ch r cteristics. Shell characteristics were considered since the rst researches on he others charruanus/granosus/ellipticus ) were among the rst species Šhipi o ontini e.g. ipson . he st o n toic l e tres w s escribe to oth Žeric n h e priorit bt were inole in intro ce b rt nn n recentl soe olecl r st ies were t onoic l probles. one e.g. ‡r ˆ ‰ins … ntos‚–eto … . oweer none o these ppro ches h e been eh ste . i n es: D. besckeanus ”ner D. burroughianus he shell otline w s se or lon tie to ierenti te the e D. suavidicus e ‹… Diplodon gratus e … sbener o Diplodon . or e ple the ron e species were sserte to Diplodon patagonicus ›rbin ‹ n Diplodon fontainianus Rhipidodonta n the ore elon te species to Diplodon s.s. his iision ™rbin ‹ were se b si thors s species or sbspecies based only on shell proven to be articial and not agree with other aspects. representin .“ o ll n es. Diplodon lacteolus is cle rl snon –ow s the shell strctres were still in se n were not escribe o Diplodon delodontus s lre note b e … in the oriin l in et il or ost species •i hir et l. . he ost iport nt escription. he €set• lacteolus ˜ delodontus w s entione b ll the ch r cteristics o the shell re the bo position bon l sclptre n thors ecept or •orretes . hine et ils. he ltr ‚strctre o the shell w s poorl st ie in rii e his e l tion illstr tes the ierence on thors reslt o i eler et l. n st to be iproe . ierent ch r cteristics eploe or species ierenti tion. šen in the nl ter the st ies o rt nn n ƒ ro i„ ˆ onetto species reconi„e b ost thors there re consi er ble ierences in … th t proi e the b sic inor tion on the lochi i tpe with or escriptions n snonic lists. withot hoos it w s possible to lin l r to sbener n l ter to ener . ”espite the ierences in the eor phic scope o ione … n Diplodon h s lochi i with hoos n n obli te st e s p r site o ‡r ˆ ‰ins the ree copletel bot the eiht species shes ( • nsr et l. Pimpão et al. 2012 . he lie ccle o D. martensi incl e in Rhipidodonta . he ew ierences between these thors w s escribe b • nsr n re ins s the ni†e species to h e coprise species incl e in Diplodon s.s . ie species in ‡r ˆ ‰ins the ccle escribe in r „il. he lochi i o Rhipidodonta is hooless n the lie ccle still poorl nown. he lochi i eelop t the rspi n the ssel rele se œenile chtler et l. ns r il ns r et l. Pimpão et al. 2012 . nort ntel the lochii tpe ws not escribe to ll species o hipioontini ble . ccorin to Pimpão et al. (2012) the lochii ws se l not onl to seprte the ener b t lso to ienti species bse on orphoetrics n etile escription. n orer to oi nnecessr tonoicl uctuations, it is recommended that species remains at Diplodon ntil inortion on lochii were obtine. oe etils o internl orpholo ws escribe onl to the ollowin species Diplodon charruanus D. pilsbry rshll D. besckeanus D. multistriatus e D. rhombeus fontainianus n D. rotundus gratus eblin €enteo • l ren icci ns r nlor icci et t elr ‚ nh . eer et l. escribe the repro cti e sste o D. expansus ƒ„ster …† n D. ellipticus ro histoloicl perspecti e. ‚onsierin the reduced knowledge about Rhipidodontini morphology it is difcult to elect oo inostic et res in sot prts. ntil now soe ierences Figure 6. ‡ ber o ties tht eterine noinl species is cite b the e l te between species were o n with s ccess on the o tline n orpholo thors ble . ee the ppeni to bse t. o brnchie position o rs pi lbil plps n stoch.

Table 4. ‡oinl species o hipioontini with lochii tpe escribe in the litert re. e † ˆrtnn ‰onetto … † † ‰onetto Š‹c rrŒ eŒ•ro †… l ren icci • ‰onetto et l. † ns r ‚posŒŽelho icci et. l. rtine‹ŒŠscbssiere oero … ns r il Pimpão et al. 2012 . e se Diplodon or ll species to oi new cobintions witho t rther st ies Glochidium with hooks ( Diplodon s.s. ) Hookless glochidium ( Rhipidodonta ) D. atratus, D. berthae, D. besckeanus, D. decipiens, D. delodontus, D. assuncionis, D. bulloides, D. burroughianus, D. charruanus, D. garbei, D. ellipticus var. santanus, D. expansus, D. granosus, D. guaranianus, D. hasemani, D. hildae, D. hylaeus, D. iheringi, D. koseritzi, D. paranensis, D. rmus, D. fontaineanus, D. frenzeli, D. hartwrighti, D. imitator, D. martensi, D. peraeformis, D. rhuacoicus, D. subcuadratus, D. suppositus e D. variabilis D. mogymirim, D. multistriatus, D. obsolescens, D. parallelopipedon, D. parodizi, D. paulista, D. peculiares, D. piceus, D. rhuacoicus, D. rotundus, D. simillimus, D. solidulus, D. suavidicus, D. trivialis, D. vicarius, D. wagnerianus e D. yaguaronis http:// . oi.or/.‹ /……‚…‚–‚ ‚ http://www.scielo.br/bn Biota Neotrop . •: e• •

ihir .‚. et l.

ˆnl o r species o Diplodon were se in olec lr pproches: hs c se the worst es to nti e ssels pop ltions s the row D. deceptus ipson D. suavidicus D. demeraraensis e … n o er n hr s bstrte incl in the shell o nti e ssels pre entin D. chilensis oeh ‰on •r et l. … ntosŒ‡eto et l. † . the to open their l es c sin eth b s oction n str tion ll these olec lr st ies els with wier • estions inner reltions o ns r et l. •rrirn •borene † ns r et l. . hipioontini were ne er in estite in etil. ‰esies the ecoloicl probles the intro ce species cn c se se erl nl‹in ll these inortion it is cler tht se erl ps rein economic losses to industries and energy plants; clogging pipes, lters and in ilble ‘nowlee bo t hipioontini. ore t re necessr other str ct res ns r et l. b •rrirn •borene † to provide better species identication and consequently the genera ns r • •rrirn et l. • . he es c se b these bi l es ierentition. ‡ows the ni• e sec re ttrib te to seprte Diplodon were recentl re iewe b ‰olto s‘o ‚orre … . n Rhipidodonta is the lochii tpe. ll these t will be necessr n the eition o the ‰r‹ilin e ‰oo‘ o hretene pecies † o t to isco er the internl reltionships o hipioonti ni. o the liste oll scs re reshwter ssels incl in ten species o Diplodon rl et l. . owe er recent reŒe l tion o the list 5. Ecological preferences of Rhipidodontini ntos et l. … which strictl se the criteri o ‚‡ liste onl two species as threatened, 11 as Data Decient and 9 as Near Threatened. he species cn occ r in lentic or lotic hbitts ro sll stres t is cler tht the en ironentl conitions in ‰r‹il not ipro e in these to bi ri ers n l‘es’ howe er the re not coon in stron c rrents. ew ers. his is ct ll n e ience o the lc‘ o t n the ris‘ o They tolerate a wide granulometric range, but prefer ne sediments, etinction st be reŒe l te consierin the ‰r‹ilin relit. he thret s ll rich in ornic tter. oe species cn occ r between or below to reshwter ssels is lobl phenoenon. n ‡orth eric there pebbles or e en in roc‘ crc‘s. he s ll strt pperin t epth re • species criticll ennere n • probbl etinct ‡e es o c. he re soeties o n ssocite to roots o • tic plnts trer et l. . elr ‚ nh ). They prefer the nal sections of the river, due Knowledge on freshwater mussels of Brazil is not sufcient, with to the hihest o nt o n trients n re rre or bsent in hewters se erl iportnt t to species etinction e l tion ris‘ issin €ereir et l. ihir et l. •. he cn shre spce with s ch s inortion bo t pop ltion nics n repro cti e ccle. his pre ents the incl sion o species in ‚‡ ris‘ cteories nless other nti e reshwter ssels s is coonl seen in so thern ‰r‹il i istrib tion e ience is se the better t tht we h e. owe er northern rentin n r pprentl witho t hr to the species e en the inortion bo t istrib tion hs probles. n ties the ns r €ereir † €ereir et l. ns r et l. . istrib tion o reshwter ssels is ssine to hrorphic bsin s he species o hipioontini re sensiti e to en ironentl chnes whole e.g., ione † ns r et l. ’ howe er the sit tion in n s er with oestic n in stril sewe ischre the in c se the –rel worl— is • ite ierent s the istrib tion o the species is not o ecrese in pop ltions o reshwter ssels trer et l. ’ hooeneo s n epens on se erl en ironentl ctors ihir et l. ’ ns r et l. ’ €ereir et l. . ns r et l. . he ssels ssebles re ptchil istrib te n the o eents in lt ssels re restricte €ereir et l 6. Threats and the conservation of Unionida Ž hn • ihir et l. • . h s the istrib tion o ssel “reshwter ssels re on the ost ennere species cn ne er consier the bsin s the whole or e l tion o etinction ris‘s. tr er et l. ‰on ntos et l. ih ir et l. . €ereir et l. e l te si sites lon rient t stre in the he in c se o this thret is the hbitt chne. t the bsin o the €rn” stte o io •rne o l ‰r‹il’ Anodontites trapesialis rc‘ i er one o the richest res in ‰r‹il rerin reshwter ssels there n Anodontites lucidus ˜ˆrbin … were o n in one site’ A. is a series of 70 reservoirs, turning a long-term survival difcult for mussels patagonicus rc‘ in two’ n Diplodon pilsbry in three. iilr ntos et l. ns r et l. €e reir et l. . he chne o sit tion is o n b ihir et l. • in ri er t stte o io e lotic to lentic hbitts c se b the s proo nl chnes the phsicl ™neiro ‰r‹il’ A. trapesialis n D. ellipticus where o n respecti el in n cheicl conitions ectin not onl the ssels b t lso the host two n three sites o t o ten s r ee. nother proble bo t istrib tion shes (in the case of parasitic life cycle of Diplodon . his sit tion inortion is the se o ol t obtine in litert re n se s cretes relict l pop ltions o ssels li e b t te to ie bec se recors e.g., ns r €ereir † ione † ihir et l. . they cannot reproduce or disperse without sh host. The long life achieved h s the istrib tion presente in ost wor‘s is closest to the oriinl b t b these ssels llows the to h e lon s r i l b t witho t n lso incl es se erl plces where species o not occ r nore lein hope €hilipp bele . his sit tion crete n etinction ebt to wron e l tion o the ris‘ o etinction. tht lre stte to be pi in ‡orth ericn n with se erl recent oreo er coplete orpholoicl inortion is bsent s etile etinctions . bo e n this not ect onl the tono b t lso conser tion. “reshwter ssels were eploite b the other o perl b tton “or eple Diplodon pfeifferi • n‘er is species recore onl in str or lon tie inl in ‡orth eric ‡e es t the stte o io e ™neiro n liste in eition o the ‰r‹ilin b t lso in o th eric ‰esle tos • ‚l i•o • . e ‰oo‘ rl et l. b t soe thors incl e this species in ht eploittion c se the ecline o se erl ssel pop ltions in the the snon o D. granosus ipson s † ione † USA, especially in the rst half of the twenty century ( trer et l. a species not listed as threatened. It is clear that the correct identication . ltho h s ll consiere thret ro the olen s o these two species is not onl proble o tono. pop ltions o Paxyodon Triplodon n Castalia in the ‰r‹ilin ‹on t is necessr to ipro e the e l tion o ris‘ to o r ssels soe re still eploite b the b tton in str ‰esle tos • . recoentions re one: etil the istrib tion o the species reltin ecentl one o the •or threts to the nti e bi l es is the intro ction when possible to en ironentl ctors’ seprte the ol or se o in si e species ns r et l. . on the ost recors ro c rrent recors’ collect in s bŒsple res’ ipro e hr l species tht were intro ce to ‰r‹il re Limnoperna fortunei o r ‘nowlee on orpholo n enetics to sol e the tonoicl Corbicula uminea „ller •• Corbicula uminalis „ller •• n • estions’ … st the pop ltion nics o the species n † st Corbicula largillierti €hilippi . Limnoperna fortunei olen ssel the species repro ction ccle. http://www.scielo.br/bn http://.oi.or/.… /†•†Œ†Œ‰‡Œ•Œ Biota Neotrop . •: e• •

tte o the rt o hipioontini

7. Summary of studies on Brazilian freshwater mussels how to obtin n ienti lochii ns r ‚posŒŽelho . ecentl her st ies re inl concerne with nonŒnti e bi l es The rst studies on South American Unionida fauna occurred during ns r et l. . he orpholoicl spects o cetopoie were the tie o ret epeitions’ se erl nt rlists/collectors ce to or lso st ie in so thern o th eric ŽeitenheierŒenes • b recei e teril ro o th eric. ˆne o the bpro cts o this cti it Žeintenhe ierŒenes ns r • b • . ws tht ost prt o o th ericn tpe speciens re c rrentl ‘eep ˆther reserchers lso st ie reshwter ssels in ‰r‹il. t the in Š ropen se s. ronicll ew species o nis were escribe stte o io e ™neiro .‚. l ren n ‚.‡. icci st ie the sot b o th ericn reserches soe eceptions re ‰onetto † prts n lochii o Diplodon multistriatus icci et l. ‰onetto ssr • n Mansur & Pimpão (2008) . n this phse the s well s the orpholo o sot prts lochii n shell rition escriptions were bse inl on the shells n the species nows reconi‹e s Diplodon or Rhipidodonta, were plce in the en s Unio o Diplodon besckeanus l ren icci •• b ). In the eld et‹i s • n coonl n rition o the shell ws escribe s o nctionl nto there re the wor‘s o ner elr elr new species res ltin in lre n ber o species nes. ntos elr elr ‚ nh n ‡ilton eblin o this escripti e phse new phse in the st o o th ericn eblin €enteo • eblin • † concernin riie n reshwter ssels ollowe tht encopsse the orni‹tion n nlsis cetopoie species. ione • escribe the orpholo o these nes with the i to eterine wht rell correspon to o two species o Anodontites . ione † p blishe n ill strte bioloicl species. herin •e tsch ‹ooloist estblishe in ‰r‹il ctlo e o oll scs species o ‰r‹il etils bo e. made the rst attempt to organize some Brazilian species, and an improved here re ew st ies on ecolo pop ltion nics n repro ction wor‘ ws p blishe lter herin . e lso p blishe series o in ‰r‹il. s the tonoic n sstetic iss es h e not been properl st ies bo t ‰r‹ilin ssels e.g., herin incl in soe hnle or ost species this oten becoes n obstcle or ecoloicl speciens ro little st ie sttes o ‰r‹il li‘e •oi”s he rin . pproches. Henry & Simão (1985) nl‹e the istrib tion o pop ltion orretes is the rst catalogue about freshwater mussels of Brazil o Diplodon delodontus expansus (Küster, 1856) in the state of São Paulo. e b ‰r‹ilin resercher. rshll • † • ‰esle presents strteies or nin hriis ro the ‹on escribe series o o th ericn species n propose two new i er bsin. eer et l. e l te the pop ltion str ct re n ener Diplodontites rshll n Mycetopodella both still in se l proportion in pop ltion o Diplodon expansus . ‰esle et l. … se ione † •r ‚ ins • . ˆrtnn recei e lre presente the repro cti e ccle o Paxyodon syrmatophorus e schen o nt o speciens ro o th eric with sot prts tht llowe • while Avelar & Mendonça (1998) presente the etoenesis o hi to escribe new species n pro ce the bo e entione ctlo e Diplodon rotundus gratus . o‹elli et l. s este the potentil se ˆrtnn . s b p blishe ctlo bo t o th o A. trapesialis s bioloicl sentinel n the lie ccle o this species were ericn species in series o ll ill strte wor‘s. s † is in estite b ‚llil ns r • n ‚llil et l . opes et l. lnr‘ in the st o reshwter bi l es not onl in o th eric identied the parasite interaction in Diplodon suavidicus prsite b t lso in the worl n reins s the ost –oern— lobl ctlo o b Hysterothylacium sp. (Nematoda). Recently the rst phylogenetic nioni species with snonic lists. t the se tie ‚o et l. † pproch o riie in ‰r‹il ws presente b ntosŒ‡eto et l. † . presents schee incl in ossil ro ps. portnt nl s r es bo t reshwter ssels eist in other o th The formation of South American freshwater mussel researches nally ericn co ntries: “rench • n •ro et … ssein et l. strts in the …˜s. rentino . ‰onetto ro the …˜s onwrs p blishe rine Žerho t Žene‹ el ‰‘er sso et l. ‚ ins series o ppers concernin the ssel n o o th eric. “ro his er €er re et l. r intn etensi e bibliorph we cn ention soe o his st ies bo t hipioontini: r entin i et l. r orsi lrri crbino elin with i ersit n nto ‰on etto … † † †… † • ns r lio n hile r ere o . ‰onetto ns r • lr l stes ‰onetto † †… ‰onetto Š‹c rr †… se collection re ision ‰onetto • n ctors tht ect ssel istrib tion ‰onetto et l. † ‰o netto •i €ersi • …. 8. Conclusions he thor lso escribe two new species o Diplodon ‰onetto † €he lr e n ber o• wor‚s concernin •reshwter ssels in o th ‰onetto ssr • n one s ben s ‰onetto et l. † . eric cn ie •lse i e tht the ‚nowle e bo t these species is onst the ost iportnt ppers p blishe b ™ n ™. €roi‹ bo t eep b t ost o• wor‚s re iscreet n el with one or two species. ssels re the copeni o ilble nes or Diplodon €ro i‹ † oprtie pproches o• ll ‚in s orpholo icl ecolo icl or olec lr n st bo t the hbrii‹tion o Diplodon delodontus €r oi‹ • . re irt ll bsent. ƒen bsic in•ortion is issin s n species owe er his sterpiece ws the ctlo bo t continentl ossil oll scs he not been st ie beon the ori inl escription. €here he been €roi‹ † . €roi‹ ‰onetto † s este sstetic rrneent o nioni ilies bse on lr l tpe see etils bo e. soe recent nces in nioni sstetic n the schee with si„ In Brazil, the studies of freshwater mussels intensied during the 1960’s. or ve families looks well established. However, the relationships inside šnrini †… p blishe note bo t the occ rrence n istrib tion the ro ps e.g., •ilies ener re poorl ‚nown n hipi o ontini o Diplodon n Anodontites ‰r i›re • in the stte o €rn”. is not n e„ception. ore t were nee e to better coprehension reter increse in ‘nowlee bo t reshwter ssel n ben of the species and try to denitively solve questions like the status of with the wor‘s o ns r • tht presente the ctlo o riie Rhipidodonta . …t is lso n iportnt step in or er to reel the rel iersit n cetopoie o the stte o io •rne o l. he p blishe o• this ro p. €he bsence o• oo t„onoic n sstetic in•ortion wor‘s elin with speciens ro so thern ‰r‹il ns r • hs been liitin •ctor •or biolo icl n ecolo icl st ies preentin • ns r nlor ns r €ereir † s well s ro pproprite e„tinction ris‚ el tion. €he interctions o• ntie with the the ‹on i er bsin ns r Žler Mansur & Pimpão 2008 insie species nee to be better n erstoo consi erin tht the ispersion €i pão & Mansur 2 n €ntnl errno et l. ‚llil ns r o• the ltter is notorio s n hr• l •or ntie species. …nte rtin ll … • . here re lso two technicl wor‘s one ientiin o thern this in•ortion is essentil to eelopent o• pproprite consertion n o thestern ener o ssels ns r et l. • n nother on strte ies •or •reshwter ssels in o th eric. http://.oi.or/.… /†•†Œ†Œ‰‡Œ•Œ http://www.scielo.br/bn Biota Neotrop . † : e†

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Supplementary material syrmatophorus ili Œ rii e ro the Šocntins rier r‘il. ‘onin €he •ollowin online teril is ilble •or this rticle: „/… : „…. Appendix I ‹ €„onoicl rrn eent o• principl reisions o• • . ‡ •““ ˆ ‰ ... ††•. ili ” looš t the brnches. –ool. hipi o ontini. ƒ ‹ speciesŒ ƒ ‹ s bspeciesŒ Š ‹ not se b the thor ’. innen ôc. …„: Ž. s species or s bspecies. • . ‹Š ’.™. ‹‚‰ .. ††. ‹lssi iction o bile ilies. lcoloƒi Ž : „…. Acknowledgments • . •““ ˆ ‰ .. ‹‚•‰ˆ Š.. ™‚ .. ™‚‰–› – .. ™ €.. Œ .. Œ — ’. “•‹Œ• ™.—. ˆŒ Our gratitude goes to CNPq/PROTAX (562291/2010-5) for nancial .. ˆŠ•‹Œ ˆ. ˆŠ‚‰™ . . Š—‚ ’.€. Šœ“•‰ •. –€•ˆ s pport to ‰ n scholrship to …Œ to the c rtors o• Š• ŽŠ ’.€. ‹“ ˆ. ™•–›‰ . ‹•‰Š— . ˆŒ . ‡ ™•• Š •‰ • n ‘’ •or the s pport rin the se s resŒ to the ™. †…. •nestiƒtinƒ the ile Šree o i e ” n ee plrbse pproch two nono s reiewers tht contrib te to iproe the n script. co bininƒ oleclr n noel orpholoƒicl chrcters. •nertebrte ˆ ste tics „: Ž. Author contribution ‚™‰ . . ††„. ™lobl iersit o reshwter ssels ollsc ili in reshwter. Œ robioloƒi ŽŽ: …. … or hristo ihir: conception n esi n t c“ isition t ‚™‰ . . ‡ Œ‚ Œ .. †††. ‚n beco inƒ ce ente : eoltionr nlsis te„t e itin criticl reision reltionships onƒ the ƒener in the reshwter ili therii e ili: ri ristin ’reher ns r: conception n esi n t nlsis •nionoi . •n Šhe eoltionr bioloƒ o the ili Œrper .. Š lor te„t e itin criticl reision ’.€. ‡ ‹r e ’. e s . ™eoloƒicl ôciet on on on on p.Ž•„. oni ‰rbos os ntos: conception n esi n t nlsis te„t ‚™‰ . . ‡ ‚ “.’. ††„. reshwter bile •nioni or es iersit e itin criticl reision s ste tics n eoltion: stts n tre irections. ’. ‰orth . enthol. ôc. :…•. Conicts of interest ‚Š‚ˆ“‚— €. ‡ ‹‚ ‰. †Ž. cos ste i pcts o the insie bile Limnoperna fortunei ƒol en ssel in ôth eric. Œ robioloƒi The authors declare to have no conict of interest. …•: „Ž. ‚‰ ŠŠ‚ .. Ž…. ‰ es el rio rn ” el ƒenero Diplodon en el biotope References isle•o el rn e io e in erior. êcretri e ƒricltr ™n eri e •n stris ” bliccin Šecnic ˆnt . ‘”ƒŠ• ‘..•. …… , C. 1977a. Contribuição ao conhecimento dos ‚‰ ŠŠ‚ .. •. •nestiƒciones cerc e ls or s lrles en el ƒenero gloquídios do gênero Diplodon pi„ : D. besckeanus ’ n‚er † ‰ili: nionoi e: Žrii e . nis o ” ƒncontro e lcolo ists žDiplodon Ÿ s pliccion los st ios siste ticos. €ireccion ™enerl e ‰rsileiros ˆ. ecrsos ‰trles ” bliccin Šcnic ˆnt . ‘”ƒŠ• ‘..•. …… , C. 1977b. Variações morfológicas encontradas nas ‚‰ ŠŠ‚ .. •. ‰ots sobre Diplodon chrrns ‚rb. Diplodon conchas de uma população de Diplodon besckeanus ’ n‚er † ‰ili: rhuacoicus ‚rb. . €ireccion ™enerl e ecrsos ‰trles ” bliccin nionoi e: Žrii e . nis o ” ƒncontro e lcolo ists ‰rsileiros †ˆ‡. Šcnic ˆnt . ‘”ƒŠ• ‘..•. …… . . or•olo i s prtes oles e Diplodon ‚‰ ŠŠ‚ .. •…. s species el ™nero Diplodon oll. •nionce en D. besckeanus ’ n‚er † ‰ili nionoi e Žrii e . ‰ol. s. los r os e l pen iente tl¡ntic el sr el rsil. h sis …•„ : „. Šc. •ool. : ˆ. ‚‰ ŠŠ‚ .. •Ž. s especies el ƒenero Diplodon en el siste hi roƒr ico ‘ ..•. …‰ƒ… .”. Š ..’. Š€ .‰. ”ƒ‘ el rio e lt. •n nis o •• ‹onƒresso tino ericno e –ooloƒi –.ƒ. . €€Žƒ–ˆŠ Ž. ‘ƒ…€ƒ •. . . ƒ‘ •... ƒ‘Ž (Guimarães, L.R. coord.) Departamento de Zoologia da Secretária de Agricultura, .. ‰— •.‰. ‰— ‘. ”ƒŠ€ ... €…• .•. . São Paulo, p.37-54. A situação de ameaça dos invertebrados aquáticos no Brasil. In Livro vermelho ‚‰ ŠŠ‚ .. •. sper ili •nionce en l ‹enc ‘onic. •n ts da fauna brasileira ameaçada de extinção (Machado, A.B.M., Drummond, o î psio sbre iot ‘nic ” i noloƒi ent Œ. e . ‹onselho •.. li . . or s . inist˜rio o eio biente ‰rsili p. ‡ˆ. ‰cionl e es¢iss io e ’neiro p. •„. €ƒ•ˆ• ƒ. †. ƒl lsi i e Acostaea rivoli ’eshes ollsc ili therii e s i portnci pr l biccin ton ic ‚‰ ŠŠ‚ .. . st io reisio e ls colecciones e n es e £‚rbiƒn e est espcie. ol. ecotropic : . eistentes en el seo ritnico. ôcie ‹ienti ic rƒentin seccin ˆnt : Ž. . .. . ncionl nto o Fossula fossiculifera €•‚rbiƒn „… ili cetopo i e. . lcol. ll. †: „. ‚‰ ŠŠ‚ .. . s žostrs e ƒ lceŸ teloi e: teli e . ˆ tono istribcin ƒeoƒr¡ ic en el con¤nto e ls ni es el n o. . .. ‡ ˆ‰Š‚ˆ ˆ.‹.€. . nctionl or oloƒ o Castalia undosa undosa rtens „ ili Œ rii e. elinƒer …: . Biociências 5(1): 113-142. . .. ‡ ‰€‚‰• ˆ.Œ.ˆ. „. spects o ƒ etoƒenesis o ‚‰ ŠŠ‚ .. ‹• •. ‡ •™‰ • ‹. •. lƒnos ctores Diplodon rotundus gratus ƒner„ ili Œ rii e . . lcol. ecoloƒicos incl os l istribcion ƒeoƒr ic e ls n es en el rio ll. … : Ž•Ž. rn ss lentes. €ireccion ™enerl e ecrsos ‰trles” bliccin Šcnic ˆnt p.•Ž. . .. ‡ ‹•‰Œ .€. ††. Šhe nto n nctionl orpholoƒ o Diplodon rhombeus fontainianus ‚rbiƒn „Ž ollsc ili ‚‰ ŠŠ‚ .. ‡ –‹• •. •Ž. st io co pr o e ls or s lrles Œ rii e . r‘. ’. iol. •… :Ž•. e teli e ‚rt nn s siƒni iccion siste tic ‘ooƒeoƒr ic. •n nis “ Œ.. †. Šhe ollsc collecte b the •niersit o ichiƒn ” do II Congresso Latino-Americano de Zoologia (Guimarães, L.R. coord.) illi son pe ition in ene‘el. rt •. ‚ccs. pp. s. –ool. •ni. Departamento de Zoologia da Secretária de Agricultura, São Paulo, p. 55-71. ich. † : Ž. ‚‰ ŠŠ‚ .. ‡ ‰ˆ• .‹.€. †. s n es e l ‹enc el ™ib. ˆ — ‹.. ††. Šhe i pct o eplottion on reshwter ssels ili: ct –ool. illon : …•†. Œ rii e in the Šocntins rier r‘il. ˆt . ‰eotrop. n • : Ž•Ž. ‚‰ ŠŠ‚ .. ‡ €• ˆ• €.Œ. Ž. s poblciones e pelecipo os el ˆ — ‹.. •‰€ .˜. ˆ ˆ.Š.. ‚ .™. ˆ‚•– rro o i ™rn e pro. ntre ios los cores ¢ e reƒln s istribcion ’.‚. ‡ Š™•‚ ‹.Œ. ††Ž. roo si‘e n lrl lenƒth o Paxyodon estrtr. cosr : Ž. http://www.scielo.br/bn http:// „. oi.or /.‡/ˆˆ‰Šˆˆ† Biota Neotrop . … : e††… †

ˆtte o the rt o hipi o ontini

‚‰ ŠŠ‚ .. Šˆˆ .. ‡ •• . „•. Australis n. sbƒen. e ‰ –.. . orth ericn reshwter ssels: ntrl histor ecoloˆ Diplodon ˆpi ili •nionce posibles relciones con Œ rii e n conser‚tion. briê …ni‚ersit ‡ress briê. strlinos. ol. ôc. iol. ‹oncepc. Ž: ŽŽ•. ‰ . Œ€. es el ‚i„e l ‡ciico. •rb„os s. cion. ienc. t. ‚‰ ŠŠ‚ .. ‡ Šˆˆ .. „. ‹ontribcion l conoci ento e os ri ’ool. ‹:•€Š. n es s ericns. e. s. rƒent. ‹ienc. ‰t. ernr ino i i ‰ . ŒŒ. eitrˆ r —enntnis er sœ eri nischen innen olls en. •nst. ‰c. •nest. ‹ienc. ‰t ” –ool. … : •†. enc enberîn iol. :Ž•Š. ‹• ‹.Š. ‡ ‰ˆ• .‹.€. ††Ž. •ltrstrctrl nl sis o the shells ‰ . ŒŠ. ersch einer ritischen ichtnˆ er s eri nischen o Anodontites trapesialis rcš n Anodontites elongatus ˆwison „en hptschlich n ‰n er lnˆ es enc enberˆ•se s . ollsc ili therioi e ro the to ™rosso ntnl eƒion enc enberîn : ‹“Œ‹. r‘il. e. rs. –ool. : ……. ‰ . ŒŠ. ersch einer ritischen ichtnˆ er s eri nischen ‹• ‹.Š. ‡ ‰ˆ• , M.C.D. 2007. Gametogênese e dinâmica da reprodução „en hptschlich n ‰n er lnˆ es enc enberˆ•se s e Anodontites trapesialis rcš •nionoi cetopo i e no lƒo . enc enberîn Š: Š“‹. Baía do Poço, planície de inundação do rio Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brasil. Rev. rs. –ool. …: „Ž„…†. ‰ . ŒŠb. ersch einer ritischen ichtnˆ er s eri nischen „en hptschlich n ‰n er lnˆ es enc enberˆ•se s ‹• ‹.Š. “•‰ˆ“• €. ‡ ˆ• .. †. ritions o the lrl incbtion . enc enberîn Š: Ž“. o Anodontites trapesialis •nionoi cetopo i e : ˆ nerƒetic e ect o the eniron entl ctors n host ilbilit . r‘. ’. iol. : Ž…ŽŽŽ. ‰ . ŒŠŽ. ee innen•olls en s orost•rsilien. rch. oll. : •€•‹. ‹ ’.€. ‹‚‚ˆ €.ˆ. ‡ ™ ‰ . ††. illsher ƒrop n ‰ . Œ€€. n so e new non• rine olls s ro olo bi n ‡er. ƒeoloƒ o the Šrissic “š oint costl section sothest ‚tƒo ‰ew ielin ’ool. ••‹:Š••. –eln . ’. . ôc. ‰. –. : „. ‰ . Œ€Œ. per ili …nionce. n s •ierrich †ieernˆ “ ‚ol ŽŽ ‹•’‚ ‹. ††. €istribcin el ƒnero Anodontites ollsc: ili: rtens . ‰enniˆ –. –er th ‰. e.. –lter e rter n o. erlin. cetopo i e en •rƒ . ‹o n. ôc. lcol. •rƒ. : ††. ‰† .™. Œ€. •he nctionl orpholoˆ o Anodontites trapezeus pi› ‹•’‚ ‹. †. Šhe erl in str n pioneerinƒ reserch in bioloƒ n n Anodontites trapesialis † rc i‚l‚i: cetopoie. ol. ’ool. consertion o perl ssels •nionoi in the o e lt sin. Univ. São Paulo 1: 265-298. Šentcle Ž: …Ž. ‰† .™. ‡• ... Œ•. nto i nctionl e Diplodon ‹‚ˆ• .. †. ollscos e l pblic ‚rientl el •rƒ . nles s. rotundus gratus –ˆner Ž ollsc i‚l‚i. e‚. rs. iol. Š•: €•Ž. ‰c. ontei eo : Ž…. ‰• . ž . . ŒŽ‹. ptil istribtion o bi‚l‚e popltion ‹‚¥ .. ‰ ‰.€. ‚—€ €.. ‰ˆ‚‰ ‹.‹. ‹ˆ — . Diplodon delodontus expansus —œster Ž‹€ in s ll tropicl reser‚oir. ‹Œ‰ . ‹‚‚™‰ .Œ. € ‹Œˆ •¥ ‹. •‰™ ‹.. Œˆ e‚. rs. iol. •‹•: •••‹. . Œ Š •‰ .™. “•‰ .™. “ ‰ .. ‚‹˜• . ‰‰ –.. .. . n beco inˆ ce ente: e‚oltionr ‹ ˆŠ .. ‚‚ .‹. ‰•ŠŠ ‹.. “•‰ˆ .. •• reltionships onˆ the êner in reshwter bi‚l‚e il theriie i‚l‚i: Œ.ˆ. ˆ•ŠŒ .. ˆ‚‚Š— ‰ Š. ˆŠ ‰– Œ.. Š• ‰ .. …nionoi. n: ‰rper .. •lor ™.. r er ™. . es •he e‚oltionr Š•‰ .€. ‡ • ’. •. Šretise on •nertebrte leontoloƒ ” rt bioloˆ o the i‚l‚i. eoloîcl ociet †onon. p. ‹Œ•€Ž. ‰ ol e o ollsc • ili. Šhe ™eoloƒicl ôciet o eric ‰‰ –.. .. ‰ –.‰. . phloênetic perspecti‚e •nc. n Šhe •niersit o “nss. “nss. on the e‚oltion o orpholoîcl n reprocti‚e chrcteristics in the ‹••‰™ˆ “.‹. ‡ — ‹.. †. Šhe reshwter ssels ili: …nionoi. n: er . –Ÿchtler —. es. ‚oltion o the reshwter therioie o eneel. http://www.inhs.ic.e/ni ls plnts/ olls / ssels …nionoi. prinêr•erlˆ erlin. /en.ht l. lst cess in ebrr/. ‰‰ –.. .. ‰ –.‰. ‰ ‡ .. Œ. . . €. io•in‚siƒn el e„illƒn oro ‡leoheteroont phloên chrcter e‚oltion i‚ersit n phloênetic en el continente ericno. itoril e l …ni‚ersi e † ‡lt. † ‡lt clssiiction: relection o etho o nlsis. lcoloî ‹: Š•Š. † ‡lt. ‰ ‰. ŽŒ. e‚ision er ‚on pi› in rsilien ês elten n„en. rch. . . . . reshwter trêsch. ‹€: •. in‚si‚e bi‚l‚es in n• e en‚iron ents: cse st o lr‚e bioloˆ ‰ ‰. ŽŒ. Anodonta n Glabaris . ’ool. n. •: ••••Ž•. o Limnoperna fortunei in ‰roelectric ‡ower ‡lnt in oth eric. Š€:‹‹•‹Œ ‰ ‰. ŽŒŠ. „en ‚on . ‡lo n ie êoˆrphische ‚erbreitnˆ er sœsswssern ‚on œ eri . rch. trêsch. ‹Œ: •‹••. …• ‰. Ž‹Œ. ssi sr les olls•es terrestres et l‚i•tiles e l ne Française. JB Baillière, Libraire de L’Académie de Médecine, Paris. ‰ ‰. Œ•. ’r enntnis er n„en ‚on o. chr.bl. tsch. l oool. es. Š€•: ‹••‹. Œ€. lsse es i‚l‚es. n: •rit‘ e ’ooloîe “ •o e scicle rss‘ ‡.‡. . sson et cie ”iters ‡ris. p.Ž‹‹•€•p. ‰ ‰. Œ. ber brsilinische n„en. bh. enc enb. trorsch. es. Š: ••. • . Ž. i‚l‚i. n ‡hloên n e‚oltion o the ollsc ‡oner –.. †inberˆ .. es. …ni‚ersit o rolin ‡ress er ele p.‹••. — • .. ŒŒ. orrect il n es or the reshwter ¡teloi¢ bi‚l‚es .†. . •he therioie re‚isite: phloênetic nlsis o ‰rii …nionoi: therioie. ccs. pp. olls s ‹: ŠŒ•ŠŒ. reltionships ollsc: i‚l‚i: ‡leoheteroont: …nionoi. ccs. pp. † . . •£’• . ‡† ™. . † • s. ’ool. …ni‚. ich. Œ: •. • …• . . ¤ ‰’• • . Œ. †ist e los olscos .†. … —. . €. ‡leoheteroont i‚ersit ollsc: stropo•i‚l‚i lcec¥cols estrinos e l cenc el rinoco •riônoi ˜ …nionoi: wht we now n wht we wish we new bot eneel. iot. olo bin /: €Š••. reshwter ssel e‚oltion. ’ool. ™. †innen oc. •Ž: Š•Š•ŠŒ•. † . ŽŠ€. snopsis o the il o nies. r †e n lnchr .†. … —. . . e‚iew o the sste tic n ˆlobl ‡hilelphi. i‚ersit o reshwter ssel species i‚l‚i: …nionoi. ™. olls. t. †‡ †.‡. ‡‡ž .. • —• .. †• ™. . †† Š: Œ•Š•. .. . ‰sterothlci lr‚e e to nis ie in the reshwter .†. ™ ‰. .™.š ‡ ™.. —†…’ ssel Diplodon suavidicus †e Ž‹€ ollsc …nionior es ‰riie .–. ‹. oleclr phloênetics nlsis spports onwnn oriîn o in Aripuanã River, Amazon, Brazil. J. Invertebr. Pathol. 106(3): 357-359. the ‰riie ollsc: i‚l‚i: …nionoi n the prphl o strlsin … . .. Œ. †ist os olscos bi‚l‚es s ¥lis ‰riie e t›. ol. ‡hloênet. ‚ol. Ž‹: •Œ. cetopoie pr o esto o io rne o l. herinî er. ’ool. ŠŒ:ŠŠ•Œ‹. http:// . oi.orƒ/†.Ž†/••†•‰††… http://www.scielo.br/bn Biota Neotrop . •: eŠ•

ihir . . et l.

… . .. Œ. oroloî o siste iêsti‚o e Castalia undosa • . .. † . • ™. . lsses e co pri ento martensi herinˆ ŽŒ i‚l‚i: ‰riie. herinî er. ’ool.•: •Š•. e proporção sexual em Diplodon expansus ollsc i‚l‚i ‰riie no rio ‡ir•r ‡rn• rsil. herinî er. ’ool. •: ŠŒ•ŠŠ‹. … , M.C.D. 1973. Morfologia do sistema digestivo das especies do gênero Diplodon pi› Ž o rio ¥b io rne o l …nionce “ ‰riie. • . .. • ™.—. † , E. 2013. Ocorrência e caracterização herinî er. ’ool.•Š: ‹•Œ. histolƒîc e rs¨pios e Diplodon expansus —œster Ž‹€ ollsc i‚l‚e ‰riie no rio ‡ir•r ‡rn• rsil. iote s €: Œ•Ž. … . .. ŒŒŒ. lo•¥io e Diplodon martensi herinˆ ollsc i‚l‚i ‰riie e se ciclo prsit•rio. e‚. rs. ’ool. € pl. : Ž‹•Œ•. • . .. † . •¦ •.. ™. . •. lsses de comprimento e descrição histológica das gônadas de Diplodon ellipticus … . .. . olscos clsse i‚l‚i •e ti‚er scesso o se –ˆner Ž ollsc i‚l‚i ‰riie e lô rtiicil orretes irrire no biente e •ˆ oce. •Œp. n: †i‚ro e es os o ¦¦ ‡rn• rsil. iote s Š: Ž•Œ€. ncontro rsileiro e lcoloî io e ™neiro. •€pp. • ‰ . . • .. … . .. ™.. . … . .. † , L.M. 1982. Diferenças morfológicas entre Diplodon reshwter ssels in ril: pst present n tre t lest we hope the charruanus rbiˆn ŽŠ‹ e D. pilsbry rshll ŒŽ i‚l‚i: ‰riie. h‚e one. ericn oncholoîst •: €•Ž. herinî er. ’ool.€: •€. • ‰ . . … . .. • .. Š. e‚ision o the tpe … . .. ‰…†’ . †...‡. ŒŽ. olscos bi‚l‚es speci ens o Diplodon ellipticus n Diplodon expansus . pi›in Š€: Š•Ž. de água doce: identificação dos gêneros do sul e leste do Brasil. Acta Biol. • ‰ . . ™.. © † . .. † †... †eopol. Œ: Ž•. † ™.†. †† . . • .. . reshwter … . .. ‡ •†‰ ... ŒŒ. •‘cnics pr o esto olls s n en‚iron entl ssess ent o n i‚er io e ™neiro ril. os ˆlo•¥ios e ‰riie ollsc i‚l‚i …nionoi. ct iol. iot eotropic Š: http://›.oi.orˆ/.‹Œ/€€•€•••Š• . †eopol. : ‹•Ž. †† ‰. Œ•. s ntœrliche sste er n„en. rchi‚ œr olls en ne •‹/€: €•Œ. in er n nˆlish trnsltion in tnsberr .‰. … . .. † .. ŒŒ. olscos bi‚l‚es o io …rricoer oehnên …. Œ€•. ter in •: •Ž. e io rnco ori rsil. onin : Ž‹•. • .†. Œ•Œ. nsio o ct•loô os olscos o rsil. r•. s. … . .. † ... ŒŒŒ. escription o ˆlochii o i‚e ‡rnense : ‹•€. species o reshwter ssels ‰riie: …nionoie ro oth eric. .™. ŒŒŒ. onser‚tion n co erce: nê ent o reshwter lcoloî •: •‹••ŽŠ. ssel i‚l‚i: …nionoie resorces in the …nite ttes. lcoloî … . .. §… .. • .‡. ††† .•. •. •: •€•••. Provavéis vias de introdução de Limnoperna fortunei n er Ž‹ ollsc — ™ †. . Œ. ‡rinciple o sste tics n the sste o i‚l‚es. i‚l‚i tilie n bci †ˆn os ‡tos io rne o l e no‚os ‡leontol. ™. •Š: •. registros de invasão no Brasil pelas bacias do Paraná e Paraguai. In Água de –†† .. Œ€‹. •he clssiiction o the i‚l‚i. . s. o‚it .€: •‹. lastro e bioinvasão (Silva, J.S.V. & Souza, R.C.C.L, orgs) Editora Interciência, io e ™neiro p. ŠŠ•ŠŽ. † ’ ™. Œ€€. †os olscos e ˆ lce el epto. e oloni …rˆ. ‡rt : ‡elecpo. o n. oc. lcol. …rˆ. : ‹•Š. … . .. ††† .•. .. ™. . . •b. • .. Œ. •he nto icl strctre o certin e›otic nies co pre Uma retrospectiva e mapeamento da invasão de espécies de Corbicula ollsc with tht o the orth ericn or s. tils •: Š•Š. i‚l‚i eneroi orbiclie orins o seste si•tico n ‘ric do Sul. In Água de lastro e bioinvasão (Silva, J.S.V. & Souza, R.C.C.L, orgs) • .. Œ. oth ericn nies contribtion to the nowleê o Editora Interciência, Rio de Janeiro, p.39-58. the resh•wter ssels o oth eric. e . rneîe s. ŽŠ: •‹•€. … . .. ‡ . €. i‚l‚es l¥ nicos bci o rio os ‡ . ‡ . . sto ctl e l t›ono ¥ e bi‚l‚os lcec¥cols chilenos: proˆresos conlictos. e‚. hil. ‰ist. t. ‹: €Œ•. inos io rne o l rsil i‚l‚i …nionoi eneroi e tiloi. e‚. rs. ’ool. Š•: Š••. ‡ ’ ™.™. Œ€Ž. nnotte ctloê o the êns Diplodon …nionce “ ‰riie. ter in Š: •. … . .. ‡‡ž .. Ž. Triplodon chodo new species o species o perl resh wter ssel ro on sin ollsc: i‚l‚i: ‡ ’ ™.™. Œ€Œ. •he tertir non• rine ollsc o oth eric. nn. …nionoi: ‰riie. e‚. rs. ’ool. ‹: •‹. rneîe s. •: ••. ‡ ’ ™.™. ŒŠ. •he species co ple› o Diplodon delodontus † rc … . .. • .‡. ‡ . ‡ ’ . .‡. ’…• .†.†. …nionce “ ‰riie. lcoloî •: ••. …’ .•.. ‰— .. ‡.. . . olscos límnicos invasores no Brasil: biologia, prevenção e controle. Redes Editora, ‡ ’ ™.™. •• . . Œ€Š. •›ono n ’ooêoˆrph reltionships ‡orto leˆre. o the oth ericn nis ‡elecpo: …nionce n telce. lcoloî : Œ•Š. ‰ †† –.. Œ. ew n little now species o oth ericn reshwter ‡ . • . † —• . £’ . …† . ssels o the êns Diplodon . ‡roc. …. . t. s. ‹ŠŒ: ŠŽ•ŠŽŽ. Œ. †te ™rssic ƒssil sse blê in onwn: biostrtiˆrph n ‰ †† –.. Œ. ew perl reshwter ssels ro oth eric. correltions o the •cre bƒ or tion ‡rn sin …rˆ. ™. . . ‡roc. …. . t. s. €€: •Œ. rth ci. Ž €Ž“Œ ‰ †† –.. ŒŠ. ew perl reshwter ssels ro e›ico n …rˆ. ‡ . … ™.. • . ‡• .†. ‰– ’† ‡roc. …. . t. s. €Š€: ••. . ‰ •’ , S.M. 2011. Guildas tróficas, composição e distribuição de esp‘cies e olscos l¥ nicos no ˆriente l‚il e richo sbtropicl ‰ †† –.. Œ€. ew ln n reshwter olls s ro oth eric. brsileiro. iote s •: •Š€. ‡roc. …. . t. s. €Œ: •. ‡ . … . .. … • †.. . † . . ‡‡ž ‰ †† –.. Œ. new êns n two new species o oth ericn .. ††† .•. •… • . ‡ . ‡ . resh•wter ssels. ‡roc. …. . t. s. : ••. . . † ™ . † . • ‰ . . …’ . † • . ‡• ™.‡. • . . o•illês .•.. † . •. i‚l‚e istribtion in hroˆrphic reîons in oth et scrôts e ne. •‹€ pp. eric: historicl o‚er‚iew n conser‚tion. ‰robioloî Š‹: ‹•••. • , E. 2007. Ação parasitária em cultivo de moluscos bivalves: um estudo ‡ .•. . ‡• .†.†. Š. n•lise •litti‚ estcionl n e cs no oreste o esto o ‡r•. n •ƒpicos e lcoloî “ cos de moluscos límnicos no Delta do Jacuí, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Biociências o ¦ ncontro rsileiro e lcoloî ntos .. ‡i ent .. :•‹•‹Ž. Thiengo, S.C., Fernandez, M.A. & Absalão, R.S., orgs.). Technical Books, ‡‰†‡‡ ... † . Œ. sters o lonê‚it: lessons ro lonˆ•li‚e io e ™neiro p.Œ•€. bi‚l‚es “ ini re‚iew. erontoloˆ: •. http://www.scielo.br/bn http://›.oi.orˆ/.‹Œ/€€•€•••Š• Biota Neotrop . •: eŠ• Š

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‡‡ž .. … , M.C.D. 2009. Chave pictórica para identificação ‡ ƒ‡… ‰.. ‘ ˜. escriptie ctloe o” the ies or perl— ”reshwter dos bivalves do baixo rio Airupuanã, Amazonas, Brasil (Sphaeriidae, Hyriidae ssels. ƒritel— pblishe b— r—nt Œl›er ichin. e cetopoie. iot eotrop. Œ: •Ž. ‡ ’ .. …Œ ‹. . ˆ Œ. . • .. ’ ‹.. ‡‡ž .. … . .. ‡.. . †• .. . Œ… .‹. ‰ˆ…‡ ‡.‹. ˜. ‰hnin perspecties on perl— o prti‚e orpho etr n orpholoˆ o ˆlochiil shells o onin ssels orth eric•s ost iperile nils. ioscience ˜€: ˜‘˜–‘. ‰riie ollsc: i‚l‚i: …nionoi. . lcol. ll. Š Š“Ž•. ˆ ‹. ‘–˜. ˆnbch er s—stetischen Œeichtier›ne ž prt – ‡cphopo/ ‡ –.. † .. Ž. ‡hloên n e‚oltion o the ollsc. ili/‰ephlopo€. ••‘ p. in ern nlish trnsltion b— ieler …ni‚ersit o liorni liorni. •€Œp. . i››elsen ƒ.. ‘‘. ˆnboo› o” s—stetic lcolo— ž prt – n §…• .. ŒŽ. tloô preli inr e l lcon el ‡rˆ. e‚. ˜. ‡ithsonin nstittion ibrries Œshinton .‰. p. ‘– ‘€. s. rênt. ienc. t. ernrino i‚‚i ’ool. : €•‹Ž. … .‰. . . Œ..ƒ. ‰ … £’ . ‡ . ™. Š. olscos el ‡er¨. e‚. iol. ƒ.. „…‡ . „ .‡.. • ‚ „.‹. ‹ … .‡. –. •rop. ‹ ppl. Š: ‹•Ž•. ioonitorin o” ƒb n ‰ in two ipcte wtershes in sothest r•il sin the ”reshwter ssel Anodontites trapesialis rc› ‘€ ili: .. †‰ . . † †. .. ŒŽŽ. Diplodon D. —cetopoie€ s bioloicl onitor. r•. rch. iol. echnol. ˜˜€: •–˜. multistriatus (Lea, 1831): Concha, partes moles e considerações taxonômicas ollsc i‚l‚i ‰riie. ol. s. c. ’ool. Š‹: •Œ. ŒŸ‰ˆ •. ‡‚ .‰. . ‰ˆ . . rl t—pe e erl— postlrl biolo— in is ‚nionoi€. n colo— e oltion o” the .. † †. .. †‰ . . . ŒŒ. lo•¥ios e „reshwter ssels ‚nionoi er Œ chtler •. es.€. ‡prinererl Diplodon pi› Ž: D. D. multistriatus †e ŽŠ ollsc i‚l‚i erli. ‘– p. ‰riie. ol. s. c. ’ool. Š••: •. Œˆ .. .‹. „ .. . oleclr ph—loenetics … . ... . . . . nl—sis o” tropicl ”reshwter ssels ollsc: ili: ‚nionoi€ lcoloi tinoericn olscos e lce e rentin. e. resoles the position o” Coelatura n spports onoph—letic ‚nionie. iol. rop. €: •• . ol. ƒh—loenet. ol. €: ˜ ˜. ‚ƒƒ .. „…† .‡. ‡ . . . ooloi os nertebros ‚ ˆ ‰.‰. •. cos—ste serices proie b— ”reshwter ssels. – Uma abordagem funcional-evolutiva. Editora Roca. São Paulo. ˆ—robioloi. … . •/s • •– –‘¡ ‡ …‡ ‡.. ƒ . . ˆ … ‡.‰. ˆ…Š ‹.Œ. ‡ •… ‹.„. . ‡ ˆ..‡. ‡.ƒ.‡. … ‡ ..‰. .‡. ‡‚ .‰. . .ˆ. . „ . . …Ž‡ 1987. Levantamento planorbídico do Estado de São Paulo (Brasil): 4a Região . . . ‡•‚ .„.. ‡ … .‰. ˆŒ‡‰ ‡‰… ˆ. inistrti. e. ‡¢e ƒ¢bl. ‡. ƒlo : –• –•‘. ‡ .†. …‰ˆ ‰. • Œ … . ‘. ollsc. n sto rte e perspectis pr ooloi no rsil och .. ˆ ‡ , I.L. 1973a. Contribuição ao estudo do gênero Leila oeer Œ. .ƒ. ors.€ itor ‚„ƒ ‰ritib. p.‘. r— ˜ —cetopoie: ili€. herini ‡er. ool. ˜€: ˜‘. ‡ …‡ ‡.. ’ ˆ .‰. ‡ … .‰. ˆ’ ‰ˆ . ƒ ˆ ‡ .. ‘•–b. Anodontites ri£re •‘ no ™b .‡. ‰…’ . „ . . ˆ … ‡.‰. …‡ ‡. . ‡ —cetopoie: ili€. ž Anodontites trapesialias forbesianus e ‡ .‹.. …“ ‡ .‰.. ‰ ... ‰… €. herini ‡er. ool. ˜˜€: –˜‘. .„. ‡ .‡. . …bsertions on reiew o” the list o” ennere ˆ ‡ .. ‡‚ .‰. . ‘•. Mycetopoda continentl ollscs o” r•il. entcle –: . legumen : s™io e esenoliento prsitœrio ili: —cetopoie€. ‡ …‡… .‰. ‡’ ‰. . ‡‰ˆ ˆ. ƒ ƒ•… .. ˆ…ˆ e. rs. iol. ––€: – –. Œ. . ‡ … . .. … ‰.ˆ. . enetic reltionships on ˆ ‡ .. ‡‚ .‰. . ‘•b. or”oloi ”reshwter ssel species ”ro ”i”teen •onin riers n in”erences on the histoloi e ecoloi e Mycetopoda legumen rtens € ili: eoltion o” the ˆ—riie ollsc: ili: ‚nionoi€. ol. ƒh—loenet. —cetopoie€. herini ‡er. ool. •€: ––• . ol. : ˜ ‘. ˆ ‡ .. ‡‚ , M.C.D. 1979. Redescrição de ‡‰ … „. ‡‚ .‰. . •. ist sistetic e los ili Mycetopoda legumen rtens €ili: —cetopoie€. e. rs. lcic™cols ientes e ‚r—. ‰on. ‡oc. lcol. ‚r. ‘‘€: ‘‘‘. iol. –‘–€: ‘•. ‡‰ˆ ‹. . . ile s—stetics rin the th centr—. ‹. ƒleo. ˆ…‚ ‹.ˆ. ‘ ˜. he nonrine ollscs o” ‡rin. . otes e—en •€: ‘ •. s. –: ˜. ‡ … . .‡. šˆ .‡. ‡‚ .‰. . ‘‘. ‡obre †‚ . . Œ . ˆ … . ‰ˆ ƒ . . ocorrência de moluscos Bivalvia no pantanal de Mato Grosso, Brasil. Biociências ¡perientl st— on control o” Limnoperna fortunei bio”olin in wter €: – ˜˜. trns”er tnnels. ‹ornl o” ˆ—roenironent eserch ‘€: ˜. ‡ … . .. ‘‘˜. ntoicl chrcters n s—stetics o” Anodontites .„. ‘. ot s¤bre Diplodon e Anodontites ollscƒelec—po€ trapesialis rc› ‘€ ”ro ‡oth eric ollsc ili ‚nionoi e rios e ‰ritib ƒrnœ€. ol. nst. e”. ƒtri. t. ool. : . teloie€. ‡t. eotrop. „n niron. ‘–€: ‘ . ‡ … . .. ‘‘•. nto— n s—stetics o” Anodontites elongatus ‡winson€ ”ro •on n ƒrnœ bsins r•il ollsc ili Received: 14/03/2017 ‚nionoi —cetopoie€. e. rs. ool. ˜˜€: ••. Revised: 30/08/2017 ‡ … . .. . n n ”reshwter ollscs o” r•il. „pesp Accepted: 17/11/2017 São Paulo. 390pp. Published online: 07/12/2017

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