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Summer 2004 Volume XVIII, No

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Summer 2004 Volume XVIII, No Air Force Chief of Staff Gen John P. Jumper Commander, Air Education and Training Command Gen Donald G. Cook http://www.af.mil Commander, Air University Lt Gen Donald A. Lamontagne Commander, College of Aerospace Doctrine, Research and Education Col Barrett S. Elliott Editor Lt Col Paul D. Berg http://www.aetc.randolph.af.mil Senior Editor Lt Col Malcolm D. Grimes Associate Editors Lt Col Michael J. Masterson Maj Donald R. Ferguson Editor and Military Defense Analyst Col Larry Carter, USAF, Retired Professional Staff http://www.au.af.mil Marvin W. Bassett, Contributing Editor Mary J. Moore, Editorial Assistant Steven C. Garst, Director of Art and Production Daniel M. Armstrong, Illustrator L. Susan Fair, Illustrator Ann Bailey, Prepress Production Manager Air and Space Power Chronicles Luetwinder T. Eaves, Managing Editor http://www.cadre.maxwell.af.mil The Air and Space Power Journal, published quarterly, is the professional flagship publication of the United States Air Force. It is designed to serve as an open forum for the presentation and stimulation of innova­ tive thinking on military doctrine, strategy, tactics, force structure, readiness, and other matters of na­ tional defense. The views and opinions expressed or implied in the Journal are those of the authors and should not be construed as carrying the official sanc­ tion of the Department of Defense, Air Force, Air Education and Training Command, Air University, or other agencies or departments of the US government. Articles in this edition may be reproduced in whole or Visit Air and Space Power Journal online in part without permission. If they are reproduced, at http://www.airpower.maxwell.af.mil the Air and Space Power Journal requests a courtesy line. or e-mail to [email protected] Summer 2004 Volume XVIII, No. 2 AFRP 10-1 Senior Leader Perspectives National Security Space in the Twenty-First Century . 4 Hon. Peter B. Teets Commanding the Future: The Transformation of Air Force Space Command . 9 Gen Lance W. Lord, USAF Features Beyond the Widget: Columbia Accident Lessons Affirmed . 31 Brig Gen Duane W. Deal, USAF Moral and Ethical Decisions Regarding Space Warfare . 51 Col John Hyten, USAF Dr. Robert Uy The Space Campaign: Space-Power Theory Applied to Counterspace Operations . 61 2d Lt Brent D. Ziarnick, USAF Proposed Tenets of Space Power: Six Enduring Truths . 71 Maj Samuel L. McNiel, USAF Space Power in Joint Operations: Evolving Concepts . 85 Lt Col Brian E. Fredriksson, USAF Space-Operations Doctrine: The Way Ahead . 96 Maj Todd C. Shull, USAF Space Reform . 103 Douglas E. Lee Using Space-Based Radar to Derive Fully Integrated, Real-Time Weather Information . 113 Maj Steven T. Fiorino, USAF Departments Prelaunch Notes A Changing of the Guard . 16 Flight Lines Space Power . 17 Vortices The Air Force of the Future: Thoughts from the Future Capabilities War Game of 2004 . 19 Thomas R. Searle PIREP Developing Space Professionals . 27 Col Cal Hutto, USAF Doctrine NOTAMs Effects-Based Operations . 18 Charles Tustin Kamps Psychological Operations . 30 Maj Paul R. Guevin, USAF Tenets of Air and Space Power: A Space Perspective . 84 Lt Col Paula Flavell, USAF Information Operations . 122 Maj Paul R. Guevin, USAF Net Assessment Whole World on Fire: Organizations, Knowledge, and Nuclear Weapons Devastation . 123 Lynn Eden Reviewer: Lt Col Charles E. Costanzo, PhD, USAF, Retired Contemporary Nuclear Debates: Missile Defenses, Arms Control, and Arms Races in the Twenty-First Century . 124 Alexander T. J. Lennon, ed. Reviewer: Lt Col Merrick E. Krause, USAF Mission Debrief . 126 Air and Space Power Journal Board of Reviewers Prof. Tami Davis Biddle Prof. Theodore Kluz US Army War College USAF Air War College Lt Col Price T. Bingham, USAF, Retired Lt Col Merrick E. Krause Melbourne, Florida Special Assistant to the Chairman, Col Matthew Caffrey, USAFR Joint Chiefs of Staff Operations Directorate Dr. Charles Krupnick Headquarters USAF US Army War College Brig Gen Phillip D. Caine, USAF, Retired Dr. Benjamin S. Lambeth Monument, Colorado RAND Dr. Don D. Chipman Lt Col David MacIsaac, USAF, Retired USAF Squadron Officer College Montgomery, Alabama Dr. Clayton K. S. Chun Dr. Karl P. Magyar US Army War College Montgomery, Alabama Dr. Mark Clodfelter Col Edward Mann, USAF, Retired National War College Colorado Springs, Colorado Dr. James Corum USAF School of Advanced Air and Space Studies Dr. Jerome V. Martin Peru State College Dr. Conrad Crane Strategic Studies Institute Col Phillip Meilinger, USAF, Retired US Army War College Northrop Grumman Corporation Dr. Dik A. Daso Prof. John H. Morrow Jr. National Air and Space Museum University of Georgia Smithsonian Institution Dr. Daniel Mortensen Dr. Lee Dowdy USAF College of Aerospace Doctrine, Research Alabama State University and Education Col Dennis M. Drew, USAF, Retired Prof. James Mowbray USAF School of Advanced Air and Space Studies USAF Air War College Brig Gen Charles Dunlap Jr., USAF Dr. Karl Mueller Staff Judge Advocate RAND USAF Air Combat Command Dr. Richard R. Muller Dr. Stephen Fought USAF Air Command and Staff College USAF Air War College Col Robert Owen, USAF, Retired Col David M. Glantz, USA, Retired Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University Journal of Slavic Military Studies Dr. Reina J. Pennington Col Thomas E. Griffith Jr., USAF Norwich University USAF School of Advanced Air and Space Studies Dr. James Smith Dr. John F. Guilmartin Jr. USAF Institute for National Security Studies Ohio State University Dr. Grant T. Hammond Col James Spencer, USAF Center for Strategy and Technology USAF Academy Air University Col Richard Szafranski, USAF, Retired Prof. Daniel Hughes Toffler Associates USAF Air War College Dr. James Titus Dr. Thomas Hughes USAF Academy USAF School of Advanced Air and Space Studies Col Mark Wells, USAF Lt Col Mark P. Jelonek, USAF USAF Academy Commander, 614th Space Operations Group and Fourteenth Air Force Director of Operations Dr. Kenneth P. Werrell Christiansburg, Virginia Dr. Tom Keaney School of Advanced International Studies Dr. Harold R. Winton Johns Hopkins University USAF School of Advanced Air and Space Studies 3 National Security Space in the Tw enty-First Century HON.PETER B.TEETS IFTY YEARS AGO, US defense and intelligence experts imagined the benefits possible from space-based sur­ veillance, reconnaissance, communi­ Fcations, mapping, and environmental moni­ toring. Forty years ago, American ingenuity and industrial prowess made those possibili­ ties a reality. Since then, space systems have brought better intelligence and stronger de­ fenses by enabling the collection of new types of data and information; significantly increas­ ing communications capabilities and capaci­ ties; revolutionizing precision navigation and timing; enriching science; establishing new markets; providing safer air, land, and sea transportation; and enabling faster disaster relief as well as more effective civil planning. These benefits and more were the reward of steadfast leadership, a vibrant industrial base, and the energies of talented people. During the past 10 years, space-based sys­ tems have enabled dramatic improvement in military and intelligence operations. Thanks to those systems, our leaders have more accu­ rate and current information on develop­ ments, issues, and crises in virtually all parts of the world. Due in large part to space sys­ tems, US military forces know more about their adversaries, see the battlefield more clearly, and can strike more quickly and precisely than any other military in history. Space systems are inextricably woven into the fabric of America’s national security. 4 NATIONAL SECURITY SPACE 5 Space Power Is America’s threats from nonstate actors—particularly those posed by globally organized terrorists Decisive, Asymmetric Advantage who may be fleeting and nearly invisible. These Today, space power represents a decisive, new threats—smaller and scattered globally— asymmetric advantage for the US government may strike anywhere, at any time. and, in particular, for military and intelligence Meanwhile, space is not solely an American organizations. The space systems themselves domain. Countries worldwide continue vigor­ are technologically superior and, when fused ous civil, defense, and commercial space pro- with other air-, sea-, and land-based systems, grams that provide highly accurate reconnais­ provide the data and information to produce sance imaging, precision navigation and timing, the knowledge and effects needed for suc­ and near-instantaneous global-communications cessful diplomatic activities, negotiations, de­ capabilities. Using the Internet and commer­ terrence, or warfare. cially available products, countries, groups, or Our unprecedented global situational individuals may acquire high-quality, space- awareness, global connectivity, strategic reach, based products and services, thus reaping the and precision strike are largely enabled by operational benefits without the heavy finan­ our space systems. Capabilities such as those cial burden of investment. All of this is occur- provided by global positioning system (GPS) ring while the industrial base of American satellites and by the military strategic and tac­ space power has narrowed over the past tical relay system (MILSTAR)—our most ad­ decade, and its formidable talent pool has vanced communications constellation cur­ shrunk due to corporate mergers, acquisi­ rently in orbit—proved vitally critical to the tions, and a decrease in government-funded war fighter during recent conflicts. Further,
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