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Pesona Candi Ratu Boko Di Yogyakarta

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Pesona Candi Ratu Boko Di Yogyakarta Domestic Case Study 2018 Sekolah Tinggi Pariwasata Ambarrukmo Yogyakarta Pesona Candi Ratu Boko di Yogyakarta Mely Anita Sari 1702689 Sekolah Tinggi Pariwasata Ambarrukmo Yogyakarta Abstract : Makalah ini merupakan hasil laporan Domestic Case Study untuk syarat publikasi ilmiah di Sekolah Tinggi Pariwasata Ambarrukmo Yogyakarta dengan judul Pesona Candi Ratu Boko di Yogyakarta. 1. Pendahuluan DCS atau dikenal dengan Domestic Case Study merupakan salah satu hal yang wajib dilakukan oleh para mahasiswa Sekolah Tinggi Pariwisata Ambarrukmo Yogyakarta (STIPRAM). Domestic Case Study dilaksanakan pada awal semester ke 3 yang wajib dikumpulkan dalam bentuk laporan atau jurnal ilmiah ang dibuat untuk memennuhi syarat pada saat mengikuti ujian pendadaran di akhir semester ke 8. Ada beberapa tempat tujuan untuk mengikut DCS yang dilaksanakan oleh pihak kampus pada bulan Januari 2018, seperti Jambore Nasional di Kliurang dan Seminar yang dilaksanakan di kampus. Para mahasiswa diperkenankan untuk memilih salah satu tempat tujuan DCS tersebut. Namun mahasiswa juga diperkenankan untuk memilih tujuan DCS selain yang telah ditentukan oleh pihak kampus, seperti yang dilakukan oleh pihak penulis yang mengambil objek tujuan DCS diluar ketentuan kampus, sehingga penulis dapat mengangkat objek wisata yang terdapat di daerahnya sendiri[1]. Dalam hal ini untuk memenuhi syarat DCS harus tercantum sertifikat sertifikat tentang seminar yang berkaitan dengan Pariwisata. Untuk memenuhi syarat tersebut, penulis mengikuti seminar yang bertemakan “Responsible Tourism” yang dilaksanakan pada tanggal 13 Januari 2018 di Bumi Perkemahan Kaliurang [2]. Dalam seminar tersebut narasumber menjelaskan tentang respect para pelaku pariwisata baik itu pengunjung ataupun pengelola pariwisata dan narasumber juga menjelaskan tentang apa yang dimaksud dengan pariwisata berwawasan lingkungan. Penulis menyimpulkan bahwa seminar tersebut menitikberatkan pada masalah sumber daya manusia (SDM) yang ada tentang bagaimana respon masyarakat terhadap lingkungan sekitar objek wisata, apakah mereka peduli terhadap lingkungan sekitar objek wisata yang mereka kunjungi atau tidak. Manusia (SDM) merupakan faktor utama untuk mengelola dan melestarikan suatu objek wisata yang ada. Indonesia merupakan negara yang memiliki seribu potensi wisata yang tersebar luas dipenjuru nusantara [3,4]. Terutama dalam wisata sejarah indonesia sangatlah kaya dengan sejarah. Mulai dari zaman Megalitikum, zaman Kerajaan Hindu, zaman Kerajaan Islam sampai zaman perang dunia kedua ada di Indonesia. Sejarah dianggap cerita bohong bila tidak ada bukti yang memperkuat cerita atau kisah tersebut.Sedangkan di Indonesia bukti-bukti yang diperlukan untuk mendukung kebenaran kisah itu masih ada sampai saat ini. Baik bukti berupa kitab, bangunan, fosil, makam, peralatan perang dan peralatan sehari-hari masih dapat ditemukan. Bahkan setiap daerah memiliki sejarah tersendiri yang membedakan dengan daerah lainnya. Daya tarik yang tidak atau belum dikembangankan merupakan sumber daya potensial dan belum dapat disebut daya tarik wisata, sampai adanya suatu jenis pengembangan tertentu [5,6]. Objek dan daya tarik wisata merupakan dasar bagi kepariwisataan. Tanpa adanya daya tarik di suatu daerah atau tempat tertentu kepariwisataan sulit untuk dikembangkan. 1 Roadmao Of Tourisn Science focus pada satu disiplin akademik untuk menyelesaikan suatu masalah tertentu, seperti praktisi propesional pemerintah, melibatkan pemangku kepentingan lain di luar, pengusaha agar hasil penelitian oleh masyarakat, memiliki probabilitas yang tinggi, dan bias menyelesaikan suatu masalah tertentu secara bersama-sama [7,8]. John marcus meningkatkan jumlah orang berbicara “ berbasis agama ” liburan dalam lima tahun terakhir April 25, 2015. Id tourisem sun sand sea “shifting paradigm” new tourism serenity, sustainability, spiritualituality. Di zaman matrialisme berjiwa dan komunisme tak berujang mengambil waktu untuk menjelajahi kedalam tradisi hikmah dunia ini mungkin ide yang baik. 2. Pembahasan a. Kompleks Candi Ratu Boko Candi Ratu Baka atau Candi Boko (bahasa Jawa: Candhi Ratu Baka) adalah situs purbakala yang merupakan kompleks sejumlah sisa bangunan yang berada kira-kira 3 km di sebelah selatan dari kompleks Candi Prambanan, 18 km sebelah timur Kota Yogyakarta atau 50 km barat daya Kota Surakarta, Jawa Tengah, Indonesia. Situs Ratu Baka terletak di sebuah bukit pada ketinggian 196 meter dari permukaan laut.Luas keseluruhan kompleks adalah sekitar 25 ha [9,10]. Situs ini menampilkan atribut sebagai tempat berkegiatan atau situs pemukiman, namun fungsi tepatnya belum diketahui dengan jelas.Ratu Boko diperkirakan sudah dipergunakan orang pada abad ke-8 pada masa Wangsa Sailendra (Rakai Panangkaran) dari Kerajaan Medang (Mataram Hindu).Dilihat dari pola peletakan sisa-sisa bangunan, diduga kuat situs ini merupakan bekas keraton (istana raja).Pendapat ini berdasarkan pada kenyataan bahwa kompleks ini bukan candi atau bangunan dengan sifat religius, melainkan sebuah istana berbenteng dengan bukti adanya sisa dinding benteng dan parit kering sebagai struktur pertahanan.Sisa-sisa permukiman penduduk juga ditemukan di sekitar lokasi situs ini. Nama "Ratu Baka" berasal dari legenda masyarakat setempat. Ratu Baka (bahasa Jawa, arti harafiah: "raja bangau") adalah ayah dari Loro Jonggrang, yang juga menjadi nama candi utama pada kompleks Candi Prambanan. Kompleks bangunan ini dikaitkan dengan legenda rakyat setempat Loro Jonggrang.Secara administratif, situs ini berada di wilayah dua Dukuh, yakni Dukuh Dawung, Desa Bokoharjo dan Dukuh Sumberwatu, Desa Sambireja, Kecamatan Prambanan, Kabupaten Sleman, Yogyakarta, Indonesia.Situs ini dicalonkan ke UNESCO untuk dijadikan Situs Warisan Dunia sejak tahun 1995. Ratu Boko pertama kali dilaporkan oleh Van Boeckholzt pada tahun 1790, yang menyatakan terdapat reruntuhan kepurbakalaan di atas bukit Ratu Boko.Bukit ini sendiri merupakan cabang dari sistem Pegunungan Sewu, yang membentang dari selatan Yogyakarta hingga daerah Tulungagung.Seratus tahun kemudian baru dilakukan penelitian yang dipimpin oleh FDK Bosch, yang dilaporkan dalam Keraton van Ratoe Boko.Dari sinilah disimpulkan bahwa reruntuhan itu merupakan sisa-sisa keraton.Prasasti Abhayagiri Wihara yang berangka tahun 792 M merupakan bukti tertulis yang ditemukan di situs Ratu Baka.Dalam prasasti ini menyebut seorang tokoh bernama Tejahpurnapane Panamkarana atau Rakai Panangkaran (746-784 M), serta menyebut suatu kawasan wihara di atas bukit yang dinamakan Abhyagiri Wihara ("wihara di bukit yang bebas dari bahaya"). Rakai Panangkaran mengundurkan diri sebagai Raja karena menginginkan ketenangan rohani dan memusatkan pikiran pada masalah keagamaan, salah satunya dengan mendirikan wihara yang bernama Abhayagiri Wihara pada tahun 792 M. Rakai Panangkaran menganut agama Buddha demikian juga bangunan tersebut disebut Abhayagiri Wihara adalah berlatar belakang agama Buddha, sebagai buktinya adalah adanya Arca Dyani Buddha. Namun ditemukan pula unsur–unsur agama Hindu di situs Ratu Boko Seperti adanya Arca Durga, Ganesha dan Yoni. b. Tata Ruang Kompleks Keraton Ratu Boko 2 a. Bagian tengah terdiri dari bangunan gapura utama, lapangan, Candi Pembakaran, kolam batu berumpak, dan Paseban. b. Bagian tenggara meliputi struktur lantai, gapura, batur pendopo, batur pringgitan, miniatur 3 candi, tembok keliling kompleks Keputren, dua kompleks kolam, dan reruntuhan stupa. c. Kedua kompleks kolam dibatasi pagar dan memiliki gapura sebagai jalan masuk. Di dasar kolam, dipahatkan lingga yoni, langsung pada batuan induk. d. Bagian timur terdapat kompleks bangunan meliputi satu buah kolam dan dua buah gua yang disebut Gua Lanang dan Gua Wadon, Stupa Budha, sedangkan, e. Bagian barat hanya terdiri atas perbukit. Dari pintu gerbang istana menuju ke bagian tengah Bagian depan, yaitu bagian utama, terdapat dua buah gapura tinggi, gapura yang terdiri dari dua lapis. Gapura yang pertama memiliki 3 pintu sementara gapura yang kedua memiliki 5 pintu.Pada gapura pertama terdapat tulisan Panabwara.Kata itu, berdasarkan prasasti Wanua Tengah III, dituliskan oleh Rakai Panabwara, (keturunan Rakai Panangkaran) yang mengambil alih istana.Tujuan penulisan namanya adalah untuk melegitimasi kekuasaan, memberi kekuatan agar lebih agung dan memberi tanda bahwa bangunan itu adalah bangunan utama. Setelah melewati gapura utama, kemudia terdapat hamparan rumput luas, yaitu alun-alun. Sekitar 45 meter dari gapura yang kedua, sisi kiri alun-alun terdapat bangungan candi yang berbahan dasar batu putih sehingga disebut Candi Batu Putih. Tak jauh dari situ, akan ditemukan pula Candi Pembakaran. Candi itu berbentuk bujur sangkar (26 meter x 26 meter) dan memiliki 2 teras.Sesuai namanya candi ini digunakan untuk upacara pembakaran jenasah. Selain kedua candi itu, sebuah batu berumpak dan kolam akan ditemui kemudian bila anda berjalan kurang lebih 10 meter dari Candi Pembakaran. Arah tenggara dari Candi Pembakaran terdapat sumur misteri.Konon, sumur tersebut bernama Amerta Mantana yang berarti air suci yang diberikan mantra.Airnya hingga kini masih sering dipakai.Masyarakat setempat mengatakan, air sumur itu dapat membawa keberuntungan.Umat Hindu menggunakannya untuk Upacara Tawur agung sehari sebelum Nyepi.Penggunaan air dalam upacara diyakini dapat mendukung tujuannya, yaitu untuk memurnikan diri kembali serta mengembalikan bumi dan isinya pada kondisi harmoni awal. Sehari sebelum Nyepi proses upacara ini dilaksanakan dari Candi Prambana lalu lanjut ke Candi Ratu Boko. Ke arah Barat, menyusuri Desa
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