Sciaphila Purpurea Benth; Triuris Miers and Triuris Hyalina Miers in the Southern

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n Sciaphila Blume, Sciaphila purpurea Benth; Triuris Miers and Triuris hyalina Miers in the southern

istributio New records of D

raphic , Luciane Barbosa , Franciele Bao and g DomingosAmazon Rodrigues forest, Mato 1,2,3* Grosso, 1,3Brazil 1,2,3 3,4 eo Márcia Cléia Vilela-Santos 1,3 , Quézia Cristina Santos G n o

1 Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Campus Universitário de Sinop, Instituto de Ciências Naturais, Humanas e Sociais. Av. Alexandre Ferronato otes 1200, Setor Industrial. 78557-267. Sinop, MT, Brazil. N 2 Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia e Conservação da Biodiversidade na Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso, Campus Universitário de Sinop, Instituto de Biociências, Cuiabá, MT, Brazil. 3 Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Estudos Integrados da Biodiversidade Amazônica – INCT-CENBAM/CNPq/MCT/. Av. André Araújo 2936, Aleixo. 69011-970. Manaus, AM, Brazil. * 4 CorrUniversidadeesponding Federal author. do Email: Mato [email protected] Grosso do Sul, Campus Universitário de Campo Grande, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde. Av. Costa e Silva s/nº Caixa Postal 549. 79070-900. Campo Grande, MS, Brazil.

Abstract: Herein, we report two new records of Triuridaceae (Sciaphila purpurea and Triuris hyalina) in the southern Amazon forest. These species were surveyed in the permanent plots (PPBio) using the RAPELD methodology. These new

records extend the distribution of these species to Mato Grosso state.

Species of the Triuridaceae family are distributed, in and São Paulo (southeast); and Santa Catarina (south) tropical and subtropical regions with most species in the Austral-Asian region (Maas and Maas 2009). The family Peltophyllum. is composed by mycoheterotroph (saprophytes), small (MaasIn this 1986; study Maas we andreport Maas two 2013). new generic Currently and the species only herbaceous plants lacking chlorophyll with a mostly well- genus recorded from Mato Grosso state is developed rhizome, and usually found in dense and humid represented by Sciaphila (S. purpurea Benth.) and Triuris forests. They are often hidden under leaf mould at the base (recordsT. hyaline of Miers.), the Triuridaceaerespectively. in Mato Grosso state, of large trees or along the banks of streams and in non- inundated forests, on sandy soils, and sometimes grow on 2011 in four localities of terra firme forest in northern termite nests (Martinez and Ramos 1989; Maas and Maas The data was collected from January 2010 to May 2005). were collected in four permanent sampling localities: Species usually have a creeping habit, and numerous threeMato Grosso, in Claudia Brazil municipality, (Figure 1). Individuals where the of climate Triuridaceae is dry shaped, with or without root hairs. Stems are mostly unbranchedscale-like leaves. and white,The roots yellow, are filiform,purple, or very red. rarely The leavescoral- (locality I: 11°34’54.0” S, 55°17’15.6” W, locality II: are simple, alternate, sessile, minute, entire, and scale- one11°35’20.3” in Cotrigaçu S, 55°17’34.7” municipality, W in whereContinental the climate Farm; locality is wet III: 11°39’09.4” S, 55°04’54.6” W in Iracema Farm), and Farm). This study was carried out in southern Amazonia like. The racemose inflorescence is terminal, bracteate, as(locality part of IV: the 09°49’11,1” Research ProgramS, 58°15’31,4” in Biodiversity W in São (PPBio),Nicolau and few to many flowered, and some species have bisexual using the RAPELD methodology (see Magnusson et al. yellow,flowers. purplish, Regardless or ofred being in colour, unisexual basally or connate, bisexual, and the 2005; Costa and Magnusson 2010). Localities I, II and flowers are actinomorphic with 3-6 tepals that are white, includes 8 plots. There is a minimum distance of 1 km often reflexed. The inner side of the flower is often densely IV consist of 12 1-ha permanent plots, and locality III papillate, the apex often provided with dense tufts of hairs and each plot follows a topographical contour to minimize (bearded) or long-tailed. Bisexual flowers have 2-6 free internalbetween soilall permanent variation (Magnusson plots (40 x 250m)et al. 2005; in each Costa locality, and Triurisstamens and many free ovaries. Staminate flowers have 2-6 stamens, mostly attached to the tepals, except for In Brazil Miers there (Maas are 1986; four genera Gentry reported 1996; Gandolfo for the family 2002; Magnusson 2010). Localities I, II and III are approximately PeltophyllumCheek 2003; Rudall 2003).Sciaphila Blume, Soridium Miers, of20 Triuridaceaekm apart, and on locality the trails IV is connectingapproximately the 360 plots km and away in and Triuris Miers (Maas and Maas 2010). They occur in from the localities I, II, and III. We sampled 256 individuals the Amazon, Cerrado,Gardner, and Atlantic Forest biomes, and the The genus Sciaphila Blume state distribution of the family is: Acre, Amazonas, and proximity to aet water al. body. 2012; Chantanaorrapint and Chantanaorrapint 2012), and occurscontains in tropical 37 Asia species and America(Govaerts with a few species in subtropical and temperate Pará (north); Bahia (northwest); Mato Grosso, and Goiás

(central-west); Espírito Santo, Minas Gerais, Rio de Janeiro, 867 Vilela-Santos et al. | New records of Sciaphila purpurea and Triuris hyalina in Brazil

Sciaphila are et al characterised by the elongated and often reddish stem, and Maas 2005). Triuris are characterised by mostly single regions (Maas and Weustenfeld 1998). Mexico to South America (Vergara-Silva . 2003; Maas clusteredbearing a minute, spicate round, or narrow reddish racemose follicles. This inflorescence genus is (occasionally 2-3) mushroom-like, whitish flowers at the commonlyof small multi-pistillate found in association flowers, with the or fruits growing are denselydirectly end of a leafless hyaline stem. The most distinctive feature et al. genusof the flowers is currently is the distributed three long intails Amazonas that hang (north), down and 1999). In Brazil this genus is represented by four species spread out from the “cap” (Gentry 1996). In Brazil, this S.on albescens terrestrial Benth termite., S. purpurea nests (Gentry Benth . 1996;, S. rubra Ribeiro Maas, and (Figure 2). This genus has only two species occurring in S. schwackeana Sciaphila Brazil,Espirito T. alataSanto, Brade, Rio de restricted Janeiro toand the São Atlantic Paulo Forest (southeast) biome was previously reported in the north (Acre, Amazonas, and T. hyalina occurring in four state Johow. (Maas and Maas 2010). (Maas(Rio de and Janeiro) Maas 2010). T. hyalina is a widespread species Catarina).and Pará states), Sciaphila northwest purpurea (Bahia), it reportedly central-west distributed (Goiás), (Amazonas, Espírito Santo, Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo) throughoutsoutheast (Rio tropical de Janeiro South and America São Paulo) and in and Brazil, south it occurs(Santa and Maas 2005). In this study T. hyalina was recorded for in the north (Acre, Amazonas and Pará states), northwest occurring from Guatemala to southeastern Brazil (Maas reported in locality I. Material examined: Brazil, Mato the first time in central Brazil and 12 individuals were (Bahia), The species central-west S. purpurea (Goiás), and southeast (Rio de L.F. . Janeiro) (Maas and Maas 2010; Maas and Mass 2013). TriuridaceaeGrosso: municipality are a scattered Claudia,Vilela-Santos, and poorly collected M.C.; family Barbosa, and Benth is recorded for the first newVoucher: distributional 356 and records 3346 are(CNMT) essential to understand its time in Mato Grosso state in this study Material and 244 examined:individuals true range. Understudied areas and regions under severe were recorded (23 in locality I; 142 in locality II; 67 in threat of deforestation should be particularly prioritised, M.C.;locality Barbosa, III, and L.F. 12 in locality IV). . such as areas south of Amazonia in Brazil, including the Brazil,The Mato genus Grosso: Triuris municipalityMiers is distributed Claudia, from Vilela-Santos, southern Voucher: 2684 (CNMT) northern region of Mato Grosso state.

Figure 1. Current distribution of the species 1. Sciaphila purpurea, and 2. Triuris hyalina

Triuridaceae reported here. (A); magnification distributions for Mato Grosso state Centro Oeste (B) and Location of PPBIO research areas (C) in the southern Amazon, Mato Grosso state Brazil and the collection sites of the new records of

868 Vilela-Santos et al. | New records of Sciaphila purpurea and Triuris hyalina in Brazil

Literature Cited Kew Bulletin Cheek. M., 2003. Kupeaeae, a new tribe of Triuridaceae from Africa. 58: 939-949. Costa,Research F.R.C. and in W.EBrazilian Magnusson. Amazonia. 2010. Natureza The need & for Conservação large-scale, integrated studies of biodiversity the experience of the2002. Program Triuridaceae for Biodiversity fossil American 8(1): Journal 3-12. Gandolfo,of Botany M.A., 89 K.C. (12): Nixon 1940-1957. and W.L. Crepet. flowers from theA Upper field guideCretaceous to the of families New Jersey. and genera of woody plants of northwest South America (Colombia, Ecuador, Peru), with Gentry, A.H. 1996. University of Chicago Press. 895 p. supplementary notes on herbaceous taxa. Chicago and London: Therld Checklist of Triuridaceae Govaerts,Database R., accessible H. Maas-van at der Kamer and P.J.M. Maas,. Captured 2012. Woon 20 . Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Electronic Chantanaorrapint, S. and A.http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/ Chantanaorrapint, A. 2012. A new species recordMay 2013. of Sciaphila (Triuridaceae) for Thailand. Thai Forestry Bulletin 40: 114-117. Flora Neotropica Monograph 40: 1-55. Maas, P.J.M. and T. Rübsamen. 1986. Triuridaceae. 458 In The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants. Maas-van3. Flowering de Kamer, Plants. H. and Monocotyledons T. Weustenfeld. Lilianae 1998. Triuridaceae; (except Orchidaceae) p. 452–, Kubitzki, K. (ed.). Triuridopsis, a new monotypicSpinger. Berlin: genus Springer in Triuridaceae. Verlag. Plant Systematics and Evolution Maas-van de Kamer, H. and P.J.M. Maas. 1994. In 192: 257-262. Neotropikey Maas,- InteractiveP.J.M. and H. key Maas-van and information de Kamer. 2009. resources Neotropical for flowering Triuridaceae. plants of theMilliken, Neotropics W., B. Klitgård, and A. Baracat. (2009 onwards),

. Electronic Database accessible at http://www.kew. org/science/tropamerica/neotropikey/families/Triuridaceae.htm.Triuridaceae In Lista deCaptured Espécies on da20 May Flora 2013. do Brasil. Jardim Botânico do RJ. Electronic Figure 2. Mycoheterotrophic species A and B Triuris hyalina - Leaves MaasDatabase van de Kamer, accessible H., P.J.M. Maas at and A. Melo. 2013. Sciaphila purpurea - . Captured on . http://floradobrasil.jbrj.gov.br/jabot/ simple, alternate, sessile, white flowers; C and D floradobrasil/2013 20 May 2013 Leaves simple, alternate, sessile, purplish flowers. Magnusson,for biodiversity W.E., A.P. surveys Lima, R. in Luizão, long-term F. Luizão, ecological F.R.C. research Costa, C.V. sites. Castilho Biota Acknowledgments: Neotropicaand V.F. Kinupp. 2005. RAPELD: A modification of the Gentry method

We are grateful to C. Schoten and J. Oliveira for mycoheterotrophic 5(2): 1-6. family Triuridaceae. International Journal of field assistance; to São Nicolau, Iracema and Continental farms for Rudall,Plant P.J. Sciences 2003. Monocot pseudanthia revisited: Floral structure of the logistic support, and to the Oficio Nacional das Florestas – ONF-Brazil for financial support and permission to access the study area. M.C. Vilela- 164 (5 Suppl.): S307-S320. Santos, L.F. Barbosa and D.J. Rodrigues thank CNPq (Proc. 569382/20084, Vergara-SilvaAlvarez-Buylla. F, S. Espinosa-Matias, B.A. Ambrose, A.Vazquez-Santana,Lacandonia Proc. 556858/2009-3, Proc. 558225/2009-8) and FAPEMAT (Proc. schismaticaJ. Martinez-Mena, (Lacandoniaceae: E. Marquez-Guzman, Triuridales) E.M. evolved Meyerowitz at least and before E. 40810/2009, Proc. 300729/2010) for the collegiality and for financial 2003. Inside-out flowers characteristic ofInternational support. Instituto Brasileiro do Meio Ambiente e dos Recursos Naturais Journal of Plant Sciences Renováveis (IBAMA) provided collection permits. This is publication 33 the divergence from its sister taxon, Triuris brevistylis. in the NEBAM technical series. 164: 345–357.

Received: April 2013 Accepted: July 2013 Published online: September 2013 Editorial responsibility: James Byng

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