Amorpheae (6.01Ð6.08) 0.5 mm long; with curved outline; circular; between cotyledon and radicle lobe; flush; within rim. Hilum Genus: Apoplanesia C.B. Presl rim color darker than testa. Lens discernible (nearly as large as hilum—see fig. F); less than 0.5 mm in length; Phylogenetic Number: 6.01. with margins curved; elliptic; not in groove of raphe; adjacent to hilum (separated by hilum rim); mounded; Tribe: Amorpheae. dissimilar color from testa; darker than testa; black; not within corona, halo, or rim. Endosperm thick; 1/2 Species Studied—Species in Genus: 1 sp.—1 sp. covering entire embryo; adnate to testa. Cotyledons smooth; both outer faces convex; both the same Fruit a legume; unilocular; 0.3Ð0.35 ϫ 0.2Ð0.3 ϫ 0.2Ð0.23 thickness; both more or less of equal length; not folded; cm (all excluding calyx); with deciduous corolla; with margin entire 180 degrees from base of radicle; similar persistent calyx; with calyx longer than fruit (lobes at apex; partially concealing radicle; split over radicle; wing-like and up to 8 mm long); without orifice formed with lobes; with lobes not touching; with the interface by curving of fruit or fruit segments; straight; not division terminating at base of radicle; without margins plicate; not twisted; asymmetrical; when asymmetrical recessed; yellow; inner face flat; glabrous around base with 1 straight and 1 curved suture; widest near middle of radicle. Embryonic axis deflexed; oblique to length or D-shaped; not inflated; compressed; without beak of seed. Radicle bulbose; deflexed and parallel to (but with indurate style) or with beak; straight; with cotyledon width; centered between cotyledons; less solid beak the same color and texture as fruit; short than 1/2 length of cotyledons. Plumule rudimentary; tapered at apex; apex aligned (nearly) or oblique with glabrous. longitudinal axis of fruit; short tapered at base; base oblique with longitudinal axis of fruit; with the apex Distribution: Southern Mexico to Venezuela. and base uniform in texture; coriaceous; seed chambers externally visible. Fruit margin not constricted; without Notes: Traditionally this tribe has been called Amorpheae. sulcus; plain. Fruit wings absent. Fruit nonstipitate. Reveal (1997) reported that the name Daleeae was Fruit indehiscent. Replum invisible. Epicarp dull; published before the name Amorpheae. In accordance monochrome (but gland dots reddish-brown against with the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature silvery (hair) background); brown or gray (because of (Greuter et al. 1994), the oldest name for a taxon must hairs); pubescent and indurate; with 1 type of pubes- be used, so Reveal suggested that this tribe should be cence; tomentose; with pubescence gray; with pubes- called Daleeae. In 1999, however, Reveal (1999) cence uniformly distributed; with simple hairs; stiff; reversed himself, so this tribe remains the Amorpheae. with hair bases plain; glandular; with glandular dots; Barneby (1981) noted that this is seemingly the most without spines; not smooth; with elevated features; not archaic genus in the Amorpheae. The fruit in combina- veined; not tuberculate; rugose; not exfoliating; without tion with the enlarged calyx form a unique unit in the cracks. Mesocarp thin; surface not veined; 1-layered; Fabaceae. The D-shaped compressed fruit is half without balsamic vesicles; without fibers; glassy beads; enclosed by enlarged calyx lobes, and this unit re- coriaceous. Endocarp glossy; monochrome; dark brown sembles a small fruit of Dipterocarpus C. Gaertner or tan; smooth; nonseptate; chartaceous; not exfoliating; (Dipterocarpaceae). remaining fused to epicarp; entire. Seed 1; length parallel with fruit length. Funiculus less than 0.5 mm long; thick; straight. Aril absent.
Seed 2.2Ð2.4 ϫ 1.8Ð2 ϫ 1.3Ð1.4 mm; not overgrown; not angular; asymmetrical; D-shaped; compressed; with visible radicle and cotyledon lobes; without umbo on seed faces. Testa not adhering to endocarp; glossy; not modified by a bloom; colored; monochrome; tan; glabrous; smooth; coriaceous. Fracture lines absent. Apoplanesia: A. paniculata C.B. Presl (AÐE). A, Fruits with Rim absent. Raphe not visible. Hilum visible; with star-shaped calyx (ϫ 2.3); B, seeds (ϫ 4.5); CÐD, testa faboid split; with the lips of the faboid split the same (ϫ 50, ϫ 1000); E, embryos (ϫ 10); F, hilum-lens color as the rest of the hilum; larger than punctiform; view (ϫ 10).
274 A
F
B E
C D
275 Genus: Eysenhardtia K.S. Kunth marginal according to radicle tip (near apex); flush; within rim. Hilum rim color of testa (difficult to find). Phylogenetic Number: 6.02. Lens discernible or not discernible (E. parvifolia T.S. Brandegee); less than 0.5 mm in length; with margins Tribe: Amorpheae. curved; elliptic; not in groove of raphe; adjacent to hilum; 0.2 mm from hilum; mounded; similar color as Species Studied—Species in Genus: 10 spp.—11 spp. testa; darker than testa (barely); black; not within corona, halo, or rim. Endosperm thin; 1/2 covering Fruit a legume; unilocular; 0.5Ð2.1 ϫ 0.15Ð0.5 ϫ 0.1 cm; entire embryo; adnate to testa. Cotyledons smooth; both with deciduous corolla; with persistent calyx; with outer faces convex; both the same thickness; both more calyx shorter than fruit; without orifice formed by or less of equal length; not folded; margin entire 180 curving of fruit or fruit segments; slightly curved to degrees from base of radicle; similar at apex; partially curved; not plicate; not twisted; asymmetrical; falcate, concealing radicle (almost exposed); split over radicle; elliptic, or linear; when asymmetrical with both sutures with lobes; with lobes not touching; with the interface parallelly curved; not inflated; flattened; without beak; division terminating at base of radicle; without margins short tapered at apex; apex oblique with longitudinal recessed; tan; inner face flat; glabrous around base of axis of fruit; long tapered at base; base aligned with radicle. Embryonic axis deflexed (to almost straight in longitudinal axis of fruit; with the apex and base E. parvifolia T.S. Brandegee); oblique to length of seed. differing in texture; coriaceous; seed chambers exter- Radicle bulbose; lobe tip curved; deflexed and parallel nally invisible. Fruit margin not constricted; without to cotyledon width; centered between cotyledons; less sulcus; plain. Fruit wings absent. Fruit nonstipitate. than 1/2 length of cotyledons. Plumule rudimentary or Fruit indehiscent. Replum invisible. Epicarp dull; moderately developed; glabrous. monochrome (except for glandular dots); brown (to greenish or reddish or pale to dark); glabrous; glandu- Distribution: Southwestern United States, Mexico, and lar; with glandular dots (to elongated dots (nearly Guatemala. streaks) and conpicuous to faint because of size and color); limited to a portion of fruit; upper 2/3 glandular Notes: The species count is based on Lang and Isely (1982), and lower 1/3 eglandular; without spines; not smooth; who recognized ca. 10 species in their monograph, and with elevated or recessed features; faintly reticulately to not on Barneby (1981). The seed fills about two-thirds irregularly (nearly reticulate) veined; not tuberculate; of the fruit. inconspicuously punctate; not exfoliating; without cracks. Mesocarp absent. Endocarp glossy; mono- chrome; brown; smooth; nonseptate; chartaceous; not exfoliating; remaining fused to epicarp; entire. Seeds 1(Ð2) (and may fill 1/2 to entire fruit); length parallel with fruit length; neither overlapping nor touching; in 1 series. Funiculus less than 0.5 mm long; filiform; straight. Aril absent.
Seed 3.2Ð3.4 ϫ 1.6Ð1.7 ϫ 0.9Ð1.1 mm; not overgrown; not angular; asymmetrical; oblong, reniform, or falcate; compressed to flattened; with visible radicle and cotyledon lobes; without umbo on seed faces. Testa not adhering to endocarp; glossy; not modified by a bloom; colored; monochrome; brown (olive to light or reddish), olive, or tan; glabrous; smooth; chartaceous. Fracture lines absent. Rim present. Raphe visible or not visible (E. orthocarpa (A. Gray) S. Watson); from hilum Eysenhardtia: E. spinosa G. Engelmann (CÐE), E. spp. through lens to base of seed and terminating; not (AÐB). A, Fruits (some with a calyx) (ϫ 3.3); B, seeds bifurcating; darker than testa; black; raised. Hilum (ϫ 4.8); CÐD, testa (ϫ 50, ϫ 1000); E, embryos visible; with faboid split; with the lips of the faboid (ϫ 10). split the same color as the rest of the hilum; punctiform;
276 A
B E
C D
277 Genus: Parryella J. Torrey & A. Gray without lobes; with the interface division terminating at base of radicle; without margins recessed; yellow; inner Phylogenetic Number: 6.03. face flat; glabrous around base of radicle. Embryonic axis deflexed; oblique to length of seed. Radicle linear; Tribe: Amorpheae. lobe tip curved; deflexed and parallel to cotyledon width; centered between cotyledons; less than 1/2 Species Studied—Species in Genus: 1 sp.—1 sp. length of cotyledons. Plumule rudimentary; glabrous.
Fruit a legume; unilocular; 0.5Ð0.8 ϫ 0.25Ð0.35 ϫ 0.15Ð Distribution: Southwestern United States. 0.22 cm; with deciduous corolla; with persistent or deciduous calyx; with calyx shorter than fruit; without orifice formed by curving of fruit or fruit segments; straight; not plicate; not twisted; asymmetrical; when asymmetrical with 1 straight and 1 curved suture; widest near middle or D-shaped; not inflated; com- pressed; without or with beak; straight; with solid beak the same color and texture as fruit; rounded at apex; apex aligned with longitudinal axis of fruit; tapered at base; base aligned with longitudinal axis of fruit; with the apex and base uniform in texture; coriaceous; seed chambers externally visible. Fruit margin not con- stricted; without sulcus; plain. Fruit wings absent. Fruit substipitate. Fruit indehiscent. Epicarp semiglossy; monochrome (with reddish-brown to dark reddish- brown glandular dots); tan; glabrous; without spines; not smooth; with elevated features; not veined; not tuberculate; wrinkled; not exfoliating; without cracks. Mesocarp absent. Endocarp glossy; monochrome; reddish brown; smooth; nonseptate; chartaceous; not exfoliating; remaining fused to epicarp; entire. Seed 1; length parallel with fruit length. Funiculus less than 0.5 mm long; straight. Aril absent.
Seed 4Ð4.2 ϫ 2Ð2.4 ϫ 1.8Ð2 mm; not overgrown; not angular; asymmetrical; elliptic; terete; with visible radicle and cotyledon lobes; without umbo on seed faces. Testa not adhering to endocarp; glossy (primarily caused by glandular exudate); not modified by a bloom; colored; monochrome; tan; glabrous; smooth; coria- ceous. Fracture lines absent. Rim absent. Raphe from hilum to near base of seed and terminating; not bifur- cating; darker than testa; brown; raised. Hilum visible; with faboid split; with the lips of the faboid split the same color as the rest of the hilum; punctiform; between cotyledon and radicle lobe; recessed; within corona. Hilum corona color darker than testa. Lens not discernible. Endosperm thin; 1/2 covering entire embryo; adnate to testa. Cotyledons not smooth; both outer faces convex; both the same thickness; both more or less of equal length; not folded; margin not entire Parryella: P. filifolia J. Torrey & A. Gray (AÐE). A, Fruits 180 degrees from base of radicle; similar at apex; with calyx (ϫ 3.8); B, seeds (ϫ 3.8); CÐD, testa (ϫ 50, completely concealing radicle; entire over radicle; ϫ 1000); E, embryos (ϫ 5).
278 A
B E
C D
279 Genus: Amorpha C. Linnaeus and cotyledon lobes; without umbo on seed faces. Testa not adhering to endocarp; glossy (because of glandular Phylogenetic Number: 6.04. exudate) or dull; not modified by a bloom; colored; monochrome; brown (reddish to orange to olive), tan, Tribe: Amorpheae. or black; glabrous; smooth; coriaceous. Fracture lines absent. Rim absent. Raphe from hilum to lens or near Species Studied—Species in Genus: 15 spp.—15 spp. base of seed and terminating; not bifurcating; darker than testa; tan or brown (dark to light); flush. Hilum Fruit a legume; unilocular; 0.4Ð1.05 ϫ 0.15Ð0.45 ϫ 0.14Ð visible; with faboid split; with the lips of the faboid 0.18 cm; with deciduous corolla; with persistent calyx; split the same color as the rest of the hilum; punctiform; with calyx equal in length to or calyx shorter than fruit; between cotyledon and radicle lobe; recessed; within without orifice formed by curving of fruit or fruit rim. Hilum rim color of testa (essentially). Lens segments; straight to curved (to slightly curved); not discernible or not discernible; less than 0.5 mm in plicate; not twisted; asymmetrical; falcate or oblong; length; with margins curved; circular or elliptic; not in when asymmetrical with 1 straight and 1 curved suture, groove of raphe; adjacent to hilum; 1.5 mm from hilum; both sutures parallelly curved, or both sutures unequally barely mounded; dissimilar color from testa; darker curved; widest near middle, D-shaped, or widest near than testa; dark brown; not within corona, halo, or rim. apex; not inflated; compressed; without or with beak; Endosperm thick; 1/2 covering entire embryo; adnate to with solid beak the same color and texture as fruit; testa or adnate to embryo. Cotyledons smooth; both rounded at apex; apex aligned to oblique with longitudi- outer faces convex; both the same thickness; both more nal axis of fruit; tapered at base; base aligned to oblique or less of equal length; not folded; margin entire 180 with longitudinal axis of fruit; with the apex and base degrees from base of radicle; similar at apex; partially uniform in texture; coriaceous or fragile, thinner than concealing radicle (barely); split over radicle; with chartaceous like Trifolium (21.06); seed chambers lobes; with lobes not touching; with the interface externally visible. Fruit margin not constricted; without division terminating at base of radicle; without margins sulcus; plain. Fruit wings absent. Fruit substipitate to recessed; green or tan; inner face flat; glabrous around nonstipitate. Fruit indehiscent. Replum invisible. base of radicle. Embryonic axis deflexed; oblique to Epicarp dull; monochrome (sometimes with conspicu- length of seed. Radicle bulbose; lobe tip curved; ously darker colored glandular dots); brown or tan; with deflexed and parallel to cotyledon width; centered surface texture uniform or not uniform, with patches of between cotyledons; less than 1/2 length of cotyledons. different texture not restricted to the base and apex; Plumule rudimentary to moderately developed; gla- glabrous, glabrate, or pubescent and indurate; with 1 brous. type of pubescence; puberulent; with pubescence gray; with pubescence uniformly distributed; with simple Distribution: United States and Canada. hairs; pliable; with hair bases plain; glandular or eglandular; with glandular dots; without spines; not Notes: Palmer (1931) monographed Amorpha and illustrated smooth; with elevated or recessed features; not veined; its fruits, and Wilbur (1975) described the fruits and not tuberculate; faintly wrinkled; punctate (because of seeds in his revision of the genus. We followed the empty glandular dots); not exfoliating; without cracks. latter revision. Mesocarp thin; surface not veined; 1-layered; without balsamic vesicles; without fibers; glassy beads (reddish to dark-brown); coriaceous. Endocarp dull to glossy; monochrome; reddish brown or tan; smooth or vitreous (because of glandular exudates); nonseptate; chartaceous; not exfoliating; remaining fused to epicarp; entire. Seed 1; length parallel with fruit length. Funiculus less than 0.5 mm long; filiform or thick; straight. Aril present or absent; dry; rim-aril; light tan.
Seed 2.5Ð5 ϫ 1.6Ð3 ϫ 1.1Ð1.3 mm; not overgrown; not Amorpha: A. croceolanata P.W. Watson (CÐE), A. spp. angular; asymmetrical; D-shaped, elliptic, or oblong (all (AÐB). A, Fruits with calyx (ϫ 3.4); B, seeds (ϫ 5); with radicular beak); compressed; with visible radicle CÐD, testa (ϫ 50, ϫ 1000); E, embryos (ϫ 8).
280 A
B E
C D
281 Genus: Errazurizia R.A. Philippi within corona, halo, or rim. Lens not discernible. Endosperm thick; 1/2 covering entire embryo; adnate to Phylogenetic Number: 6.05. testa. Cotyledons smooth; both outer faces convex; both the same thickness; both more or less of equal length; Tribe: Amorpheae. not folded; margin entire 180 degrees from base of radicle; similar at apex; partially concealing radicle; Species Studied—Species in Genus: 4 spp.—4 spp. split over radicle; with lobes; with lobes touching (auriculate); with basal groin formed by lobes; with the Fruit a legume; unilocular; 0.4Ð1.1 ϫ 0.45Ð0.8 ϫ 0.5Ð0.6 interface division terminating at base of radicle; without cm; with deciduous corolla; with persistent calyx; with margins recessed; green or tan; inner face flat; glabrous calyx shorter than fruit; without orifice formed by around base of radicle. Embryonic axis deflexed; curving of fruit or fruit segments; straight; not plicate; oblique to length of seed. Radicle bulbose or linear; not twisted; asymmetrical or symmetrical; elliptic or lobe tip curved; deflexed and parallel to cotyledon ovate; when asymmetrical with 1 straight and 1 curved width; not centered between cotyledons (radicle outside suture; widest near middle or D-shaped; not inflated; 1 cotyledon and inside other, therefore junctions for compressed; without or with beak; straight; with solid each cotyledon different); less than 1/2 length of beak the same color and texture as fruit; rounded at cotyledons. Plumule moderately developed; glabrous. apex; apex oblique with longitudinal axis of fruit; tapered at base; base aligned with longitudinal axis of Distribution: Three species in southwestern United States fruit; with the apex and base differing in texture; and northwestern Mexico and one species along the chartaceous; seed chambers externally visible. Fruit coast of Chile. margin not constricted; without sulcus; plain. Fruit wings absent. Fruit nonstipitate. Fruit indehiscent. Notes: Barneby (1977) monographed Errazurizia. Replum invisible. Epicarp dull; monochrome (except for glandular dots); brown or gray (because of gray hairs); pubescent and indurate; with 1 type of pubes- cence; villous; with pubescence gray; with pubescence uniformly distributed; with simple hairs; pliable; with hair bases plain; glandular; with glandular dots; limited to a portion of fruit; upper 1/2 glandular and lower 1/2 eglandular; without spines; not smooth; with elevated features; not veined; not tuberculate; wrinkled; not exfoliating; without cracks. Mesocarp absent. Endocarp dull; monochrome; brown; smooth; nonseptate; chartaceous; not exfoliating; remaining fused to epicarp; entire. Seed 1; length parallel with fruit length. Funiculus less than 0.5 mm long; filiform; straight. Aril absent.
Seed 3Ð7.5 ϫ 2.7Ð5 ϫ 2Ð4.5 mm; not overgrown; not angular; symmetrical (except for hilum); elliptic; compressed; without visible radicle and cotyledon lobes; without umbo on seed faces. Testa not adhering to endocarp; dull (with splotches of glandular residue which are shiny); not modified by a bloom; colored; monochrome; black, brown, tan, or purple; glabrous; smooth; coriaceous. Fracture lines absent. Rim absent. Wings absent. Raphe from lens to base of seed and terminating; not bifurcating; darker than testa; black; Errazurizia: E. rotundata (E.O. Wooton) R.C. Barneby deeply recessed. Hilum fully concealed; concealed by (CÐE), E. spp. (AÐB). A, Fruits with calyx (ϫ 2.7); B, funicular remnant; without faboid split; punctiform; seeds (ϫ 2.9); CÐD, testa (ϫ 50, ϫ 1000); E, embryos marginal according to radicle tip; deeply recessed; not (ϫ 5).
282 A
B E
C D
283 Genus: Psorothamnus P.A. Rydberg the rest of the hilum; punctiform; between cotyledon and radicle lobe; recessed; not within corona, halo, or Phylogenetic Number: 6.06. rim. Lens discernible or not discernible; less than 0.5 mm in length; with margins curved; circular; not in Tribe: Amorpheae. groove of raphe; adjacent to hilum; 0.5 mm from hilum; mounded; dissimilar color from testa; darker than testa; Species Studied—Species in Genus: 7 spp.—9 spp. black (-brown) or brown; not within corona, halo, or rim. Endosperm thin; 1/2 covering entire embryo; Fruit a legume; unilocular; 0.2Ð1 ϫ 0.36Ð0.6 ϫ 0.36Ð0.6 adnate to testa. Cotyledons smooth; both outer faces cm; with deciduous corolla; with persistent calyx; with convex; both the same thickness; both more or less of calyx longer or shorter than fruit; without orifice equal length; not folded; margin entire 180 degrees formed by curving of fruit or fruit segments; straight; from base of radicle; similar at apex; partially conceal- not plicate; not twisted; symmetrical or asymmetrical; ing radicle; notched at or split over radicle; without or when asymmetrical with 1 straight and 1 curved suture; with lobes; with lobes not touching; with the interface widest near middle or D-shaped; not inflated; com- division terminating at base of radicle; yellow; inner pressed; with beak; straight; with solid beak the same face flat; glabrous around base of radicle. Embryonic color and texture as fruit; short tapered at apex; apex axis deflexed; parallel or oblique to length of seed. aligned to oblique with longitudinal axis of fruit; short Radicle linear; lobe tip curved; deflexed and parallel to tapered at base; base aligned with longitudinal axis of cotyledon width; centered between cotyledons; less fruit; with the apex and base uniform in texture; than 1/2 length of cotyledons. Plumule rudimentary; coriaceous; seed chambers externally visible; with the glabrous. raised seed chambers not torulose. Fruit margin not constricted; without sulcus; plain. Fruit wings absent. Distribution: Southwestern United States and northwestern Fruit nonstipitate. Fruit indehiscent. Replum invisible. Mexico. Epicarp dull; monochrome (with glossy reddish-brown glandular dots); reddish brown; glabrous or pubescent and indurate; with 1 type of pubescence; puberulent; with pubescence gray; with pubescence uniformly distributed; with simple hairs; pliable; with hair bases plain; glandular; with glandular dots; without spines; not smooth; with elevated features; not veined; not tuberculate; shagreen; not exfoliating; without cracks. Mesocarp absent. Endocarp dull; monochrome; tan; smooth; nonseptate; chartaceous; not exfoliating; remaining fused to epicarp; entire. Seeds 1(Ð7) (Ð2 in P. kingii (S. Watson) R.C. Barneby or 3–7 in “one extralimital species” Barneby (1977)); length parallel with fruit length; neither overlapping nor touching; in 1 series. Funiculus less than 0.5 mm long; of 1 length only; straight. Aril absent.
Seed 4.2Ð6 ϫ 3Ð4 ϫ 2Ð3 mm; not overgrown; not angular; asymmetrical; D-shaped; compressed; with visible radicle and cotyledon lobes; without umbo on seed faces. Testa not adhering to endocarp; dull; not modi- fied by a bloom; colored; monochrome or mottled (faintly); with frequent mottles; red; with red overlay; glabrous; smooth; coriaceous. Fracture lines absent. Raphe faintly visible or not visible; from hilum through Psorothamnus: P. arborescens (J. Torrey) R.C. Barneby lens to base of seed and terminating; not bifurcating; (CÐE), P. spp. (AÐB). A, Fruits with and without calyx color of or lighter than testa. Hilum visible; with faboid (ϫ 2.3); B, seeds (ϫ 3.8); CÐD, testa (ϫ 50, ϫ 1000); split; with the lips of the faboid split the same color as E, embryos (ϫ 5).
284 A
B E
C D
285 Genus: Marina F.M. Liebmann 1/2 covering entire embryo; adnate to testa. Cotyledons smooth or not smooth (each outer face with a medial Phylogenetic Number: 6.07. groove); both outer faces convex; both the same thickness; not folded; margin entire 180 degrees from Tribe: Amorpheae. base of radicle; similar at apex; not concealing radicle; notched at radicle; without lobes; with the interface Species Studied—Species in Genus: 10 spp.—38 spp. division terminating at base of radicle; without margins recessed; tan; inner face flat; glabrous around base of Fruit a legume or nutlet (Barneby 1977); unilocular; 0.15Ð radicle. Embryonic axis oblique; oblique to length of 0.33 ϫ 0.13Ð0.26 ϫ 0.13Ð0.26 cm; with persistent or seed. Radicle linear; lobe tip curved; oblique to deciduous androecial sheath; with deciduous corolla; cotyledons; centered between cotyledons; less than 1/2 with persistent calyx; with calyx longer than, equal in length of cotyledons. Plumule rudimentary; glabrous. length to, or shorter than fruit; without orifice formed by curving of fruit or fruit segments; straight; not Distribution: Southwestern United States, Mexico, and plicate; not twisted; asymmetrical; harp-shaped; when Central America; adventive in northern Venezuela and asymmetrical with 1 straight and 1 curved suture or Cuba. both sutures unequally curved; widest near middle or D-shaped; not inflated; compressed; without beak; Notes: Barneby (1977) monographed Marina and noted that rounded at apex; apex aligned with longitudinal axis of there were three fruit types: (1) harp-shaped, com- fruit; short tapered at base; base aligned with longitudi- pressed, not nutlike, seed cavity larger than seed, and nal axis of fruit; with the apex and base uniform in bearing blister glands arranged in more-or-less definite texture; coriaceous to ligneous; seed chambers exter- crescents; (2) obliquely obovoid, terete, not nutlike, nally visible. Fruit margin not constricted; without seed cavity larger than seed, and bearing blister glands sulcus; plain. Fruit wings absent. Fruit nonstipitate. arranged in more-or-less definite crescents; and (3) Fruit indehiscent. Replum invisible. Fruit a nutlet; shape unstated by Barneby, nutlike, closely investing entire. Epicarp dull; monochrome; brown (with large and adherent to seed, and pustulate with scattered or reddish-brown glandular dots); glabrous; glandular; crowded glands arranged in no special pattern. with glandular dots; not smooth (because of large glandular dots); with elevated features; not veined; not tuberculate; glandular dotted; not exfoliating; without cracks. Mesocarp absent. Endocarp dull; monochrome; tan; more or less smooth; nonseptate; chartaceous; not exfoliating; remaining fused to epicarp; entire. Seed 1; length parallel with fruit length. Funiculus less than 0.5 mm long; straight. Aril absent.
Seed 1.2Ð2.5 ϫ 1.2Ð1.8 ϫ 0.8Ð1.1 mm; not overgrown; not angular; asymmetrical; reniform (like Crotalaria); compressed; with visible radicle and cotyledon lobes; without umbo on seed faces. Testa not or partially adhering to endocarp; glossy; not modified by a bloom; colored; monochrome; olive or tan; glabrous; smooth; coriaceous. Fracture lines absent. Rim absent. Wings absent. Raphe not visible. Hilum visible; with faboid split; with the lips of the faboid split the same color as the rest of the hilum; punctiform; between cotyledon and radicle lobe; recessed; within rim. Hilum rim color lighter to darker than testa. Lens discernible; less than 0.5 mm in length; with margins straight or curved; oblong; not in groove of raphe; adjacent to hilum; Marina: M. neglecta (B.L. Robinson) R.C. Barneby (CÐE), mounded; similar color as testa; darker than testa; dark M. spp. (AÐB). A, Fruits in calyx (ϫ 5.1); B, seeds tan; not within corona, halo, or rim. Endosperm thin; (ϫ 10); CÐD, testa (ϫ 50, ϫ 1000); E, embryos (ϫ 10).
286 A
B E
C D
287 Genus: Dalea Lucanus veined; not tuberculate; occasionally warty or wrinkled (occasionally); not exfoliating; without cracks. Meso- Phylogenetic Number: 6.08. carp absent. Endocarp dull; monochrome; tan; smooth; nonseptate; chartaceous; not exfoliating; remaining Tribe: Amorpheae. fused to epicarp; entire. Seed 1 (mostly); length parallel with fruit length; neither overlapping nor touching; in 1 Species Studied—Species in Genus: ca. 60 spp.—ca. 160 series. Funiculus less than 0.5 mm long; of 1 length spp. only; filiform; straight. Aril absent.
Fruit a legume; unilocular; 0.2Ð0.6 ϫ 0.17Ð0.21 ϫ 0.09Ð Seed 1Ð4.2 ϫ 1.2Ð2.6 ϫ 0.5Ð1.4 mm; not overgrown; not 0.15 cm; with persistent (with keel and standard) or angular; asymmetrical; elliptic (oblong), mitaform, or deciduous androecial sheath; with persistent (with reniform; compressed; with visible radicle and cotyle- androecial sheath) or deciduous corolla; with keel and don lobes; without umbo on seed faces. Testa not with standard; with persistent calyx (with or without adhering to endocarp; glossy; not modified by a bloom; prominent glandular dots between ribs); with calyx colored; monochrome; brown (reddish to pale or), longer, equal to, or shorter than fruit; without orifice green, olive, or tan; glabrous; smooth; coriaceous. formed by curving of fruit or fruit segments; straight to Fracture lines absent. Rim absent. Wings absent. Raphe curved (slightly); not plicate; not twisted; asymmetrical; not visible. Hilum visible; with faboid split; with the C-shaped, subcircular and circular, obovate, triangular, lips of the faboid split the same color as the rest of the or harp-shaped; when asymmetrical with 1 straight and hilum; punctiform; between cotyledon and radicle lobe; 1 curved suture, both sutures parallelly curved, or both recessed; within rim. Hilum rim color lighter than testa. sutures unequally curved; widest near middle or D- Lens discernible or not discernible; less than 0.5 mm in shaped; not inflated (except fragile base may be slightly length or equal to or greater than 0.5 mm in length; 0.3Ð larger than seed); compressed to terete; without or with 0.5 mm long; with margins straight or curved; linear, beak; straight; with solid beak the same color and triangular, or wedge-shaped; circular; not in groove of texture as fruit; rounded at apex; apex oblique with raphe; adjacent to hilum (and penetrating hilum rim); longitudinal axis of fruit; short tapered at base; base mounded; same color as, similar color as, or dissimilar oblique with longitudinal axis of fruit; with the apex color from testa; lighter or darker than testa; black or and base uniform or differing in texture; upper 1/4Ð2/3 tan; within rim (penetrating rim) or not within corona, firm and/or pubescent and lower 3/4Ð1/3 fragile and halo, or rim. Endosperm thin; 1/2 covering entire glabrous; membranous to chartaceous; seed chambers embryo; adnate to testa or embryo. Cotyledons smooth; externally visible; with the raised seed chambers not both outer faces convex; both the same thickness; both torulose. Fruit margin not constricted; without sulcus; more or less of equal length; not folded; margin entire plain. Fruit wings absent. Fruit nonstipitate. Fruit often 180 degrees from base of radicle; similar at apex; indehiscent or with all layers dehiscing (occasionally in partially concealing radicle; split over radicle; with species such as D. leporina (W. Aiton) A.A. Bullock lobes; with lobes not touching; with the interface and D. urceolota E.L. Greene); splitting along sutures. division terminating at base of radicle; without margins Dehiscence of valves along both sutures; passive. recessed; tan; inner face flat; glabrous around base of Replum invisible. Epicarp dull; multicolored; bichrome radicle. Embryonic axis deflexed or oblique; oblique to (and additionally large reddish-brown glands); brown length of seed. Radicle bulbose or linear; lobe tip (apically brown, basally tan); glabrous or pubescent and straight or curved; deflexed and parallel to cotyledon indurate; with 1 type of pubescence; pilose or villous; width; centered between cotyledons; less than 1/2 with pubescence red (-brown) or with pubescence gray; length of cotyledons or 1/2 to nearly length of cotyle- with pubescence uniformly distributed; with simple dons. Plumule rudimentary; glabrous. hairs; pliable; with hair bases plain; glandular or eglandular; with glandular dots (arranged in crescents Distribution: Canada to Argentina. or random and either faint or prominent and large or tiny (microglandular in Barneby 1977); limited to a Notes: Barneby (1977) monographed Dalea (including portion of fruit; upper 1/4Ð2/3 glandular and lower 3/4Ð Parosela sensu P.A. Rydberg, Petalostemum C.L. 1/3 eglandular; without spines; not smooth; with Michaux, and Kuhistera J.B.A.P.M. de Lamarck, but elevated features; veined or not veined; reticulately excluding Marina F.M. Liebmann). Barneby also
288 provided literate descriptions of the interesting and varied external topography of the fruit. The species count follows Barneby (1981). Although it appears that fruits of most species of Dalea do not have a regular dehiscence mechanism, the lower half is fragile and ruptures irregularly, allowing the seed to fall out easily.
289 Dalea: D. purpurea E.P. Ventenat (CÐE), D. spp. (AÐB). A, Fruits within calyx (ϫ 3.1); B, seeds (ϫ 5.2); CÐD, testa (ϫ 50, ϫ 1000); E, embryos (ϫ 10).
290 A
B E
C D
291