1927:Giants on the Gridiron
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Valuation of NFL Franchises
Valuation of NFL Franchises Author: Sam Hill Advisor: Connel Fullenkamp Acknowledgement: Samuel Veraldi Honors thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for Graduation with Distinction in Economics in Trinity College of Duke University Duke University Durham, North Carolina April 2010 1 Abstract This thesis will focus on the valuation of American professional sports teams, specifically teams in the National Football League (NFL). Its first goal is to analyze the growth rates in the prices paid for NFL teams throughout the history of the league. Second, it will analyze the determinants of franchise value, as represented by transactions involving NFL teams, using a simple ordinary-least-squares regression. It also creates a substantial data set that can provide a basis for future research. 2 Introduction This thesis will focus on the valuation of American professional sports teams, specifically teams in the National Football League (NFL). The finances of the NFL are unparalleled in all of professional sports. According to popular annual rankings published by Forbes Magazine (http://www.Forbes.com/2009/01/13/nfl-cowboys-yankees-biz-media- cx_tvr_0113values.html), NFL teams account for six of the world’s ten most valuable sports franchises, and the NFL is the only league in the world with an average team enterprise value of over $1 billion. In 2008, the combined revenue of the league’s 32 teams was approximately $7.6 billion, the majority of which came from the league’s television deals. Its other primary revenue sources include ticket sales, merchandise sales, and corporate sponsorships. The NFL is also known as the most popular professional sports league in the United States, and it has been at the forefront of innovation in the business of sports. -
The Steam Roller
THE COFFIN CORNER: Vol. 2, No. 3 (1980) THE STEAM ROLLER by John Hogrogian The state of Rhode Island sits squarely in the shadow of Boston as far as major-league professional sports is concerned. Ocean State residents generally take a rooting interest in the Red Sox, Patriots, Celtics, and Bruins. But more than half a century ago, in 1928, Rhode Island had its own National Football League champions, the Providence Steam Roller. The story of that team is the story of an era of professional football much different from that of today. In the Roaring Twenties, the American public found a host of popular heroes in its sporting greats. Standing with Charles Lindbergh on the pedestal of unalloyed admiration were such men as baseball player Babe Ruth, boxer Jack Dempsey, and tennis player Bill Tilden. College football players also shared in this adulation, with Red Grange of Illinois, Ernie Nevers of Stanford, and the Four Horsemen of Notre Dame national figures because of their gridiron exploits. College football was an immensely popular spectator sport, with teams such as Notre Dame, Stanford, Yale, and Dartmouth drawing huge followings both in person and through the newspapers and newsreels. Professional football, in stark contrast, was struggling to survive, a neglected stepchild in the sports boom. The National Football League was entering only its ninth season in the fall of 1928, and instead of roaring crowds in huge metropolitan stadia, small, intimate audiences in mostly smaller fields viewed the league's contests. Pro football held the same place in 1928 that pro track and field holds today, a fledgling professional sport living in the shadow of a popular collegiate version. -
Annual Awards
ANNUAL AwARDS Rehan Muttalib ’09 TEAM AwARDS Coach bob blackman trophy Jake crouthamel award Kenneth t. young award To the player, selected To the junior or sopho- To the junior or sopho- by the coaching staff, more offensive player, more defensive player, who has contributed selected by the coaching selected by the coaching most to the success of staff, who has contrib- staff, who has contrib- the team . Gift of L . G . uted most to the success uted most to the success Balfour Company . of the team . Gift of Ken- of the team . Gift of Ken- neth Young ’48 . neth Young ’48 . Ian Wilson, SS Tim McManus, WR Peter Pidermann, FS 2008 Winner 2008 Winner 2008 Winner 1959 Bill Gundy, QB 1972 Rick Klupchak, HB 1978 Cody Press, DB 1960 Alan Rozycki, HB 1973 Tom Snickenberger, QB 1979 Jerry Pierce, LB 1961 Gary Spiess, HB 1974 Reggie Williams, LB 1980 Scott Hacker, LB 1962 Bill King, QB 1975 Pat Sullivan, OG 1981 Joe Moore, DB Don McKinnon, C-LB 1976 Sam Coffey, TB 1982 Steve Karol, LB 1963 Scott Creelman, E 1977 Jeff Hickey, LB 1983 Don Pomeroy, LB 1964 Jack McLean, DB 1978 Jeff Dufresne, TB 1984 Peter Kortebein, LB 1965 Ed Long, E 1979 Dave Shula, SE 1985 Tom Ramsey, DT 1966 Pete Walton, FB 1980 George Thompson, OG 1986 Brett Matthews, DB 1967 Steve Luxford, HB 1981 Wayne Ferree, OT 1987 Paul Michael, LB 1968 Randy Wallick, OE 1982 Jack Daly, WR 1988 Kevin Luensmann, DT 1969 Tom Quinn, HB 1983 Rich Weissman, TB 1989 Peter Chapman, DT 1970 John Short, HB 1984 Doug Keare, TE 1990 Sal Sciretto, DB 1971 Stuart Simms, FB 1985 Dave Gabianelli, QB Harry -
GEORGETOWN FOOTBALL GAME NOTES @Hoyasfb @Georgetownhoyas
2019 GEORGETOWN FOOTBALL GAME NOTES @HoyasFB @GeorgetownHoyas @hoyafootball @GeorgetownAthletics 2019 FOOTBALL GAME NOTES /Georgetown Football FOOTBALL CONTACT: BRENDAN THOMAS /Georgetown Athletics [email protected] | 202-687-6783 (O) | 207-400-2840 (C) | WWW.GUHOYAS.COM 2018 SCHEDULE GAME 1: GEORGETOWN (0-0, 0-0 PATRIOT LEAGUE) Date Opponent Time / Result AT DAVIDSON (0-0, 0-0 PIONEER FOOTBALL LEAGUE) KICKOFF – SATURDAY, AUGUST 31, 2019 (1 P.M. ET) Aug. 31 at Davidson 1 p.m. LOCATION – RICHARDSON STADIUM (DAVIDSON, N.C.) SEPT. 7 MARIST 12:30 P.M. LIVE STATS: GUHOYAS.COM | VIDEO: GUHOYAS.COM SEPT. 14 CATHOLIC NOON TALENT: SAM HYMAN (PXP); COREY HODGES (ANALYST) Sept. 28 at Columbia 1 p.m. Oct. 5 at Cornell 3 p.m. SERIES INFO FIRST MEETING: LAST FIVE MEETINGS: OCT. 12 FORDHAM * (HOMECOMING) 2 P.M. Overall Record ............. 9-3 10/16/1999 (H; L, 28-27) Result Rec. OCT. 19 LAFAYETTE * NOON Home ............................ 5-2 LAST MEETING: 9/3/2016 H W, 38-14 9-3 Oct. 26 at Lehigh * 12:30 p.m. Away ............................ 4-1 9/3/2016 (H; W, 38-14) 9/7/2013 H W, 42-6 8-3 NOV. 2 COLGATE * (SENIOR DAY) NOON Neutral ........................N/A LAST GU WIN: 9/1/2012 A W, 35-14 7-3 Nov. 16 at Bucknell * 1 p.m. Streak ...........................W5 9/3/2016 (H; W, 38-14) 9/3/2011 H W, 40-16 6-3 Nov. 23 at Holy Cross * Noon 9/4/2010 A W, 20-10 5-3 GAME DAY NOTES The Georgetown University football team opens the 2019 season at Davidson on Saturday, the sixth season with Head home games in BOLD CAPS played at Cooper Field Coach Rob Sgarlata at the helm. -
1920 Akron Pros Ken Crippen
Building a Champion: 1920 Akron Pros Ken Crippen BUILDING A CHAMPION: 1920 AKRON PROS By Ken Crippen It’s time to dig deep into the archives to talk about the first National Football League (NFL) champion. In fact, the 1920 Akron Pros were champions before the NFL was called the NFL. In 1920, the American Professional Football Association was formed and started play. Currently, fourteen teams are included in the league standings, but it is unclear as to how many were official members of the Association. Different from today’s game, the champion was not determined on the field, but during a vote at a league meeting. Championship games did not start until 1932. Also, there were no set schedules. Teams could extend their season in order to try and gain wins to influence voting the following spring. These late-season games were usually against lesser opponents in order to pad their win totals. To discuss the Akron Pros, we must first travel back to the century’s first decade. Starting in 1908 as the semi-pro Akron Indians, the team immediately took the city championship and stayed as consistently one of the best teams in the area. In 1912, “Peggy” Parratt was brought in to coach the team. George Watson “Peggy” Parratt was a three-time All-Ohio football player for Case Western University. While in college, he played professionally for the 1905 Shelby Blues under the name “Jimmy Murphy,” in order to preserve his amateur status. It only lasted a few weeks until local reporters discovered that it was Parratt on the field for the Blues. -
1925:Red Equals Green
The Professional Football Researchers Association Red Equals Green 1925 By Bob Carroll In Joe Carr's Master Plan, the National Football League would rid independently since 1915 and were better prepared for the NFL itself of lesser municipalities like Evansville, Hammond, Green Bay, than any team in Boston, a city Carr might have preferred. even his own Columbus, and play exclusively in the nation's largest cities. He'd gained a Philadelphia team in 1924 (although Frankford Carr also brought Detroit back into the league under the actually played in a suburb). Chicago had the Bears and Cardinals. management of Jimmy Conzelman. Although it was never stated Cleveland was the league champ. It was time to get serious about officially, Conzelman apparently got a free ride on the guarantee New York. fee and did not even have to put up the $500 franchise fee. The situation had improved in Gotham. A new law on the books Something similar was done about Canton. The home of the made it legal to play pro football on Sundays. Carr approached original Bulldogs was not on Carr's "must" list, but it had promoter Billy Gibson, who'd had a stake in the 1921 Brickley sentimental support as well as some very vocal fans. A new team Giants. Gibson wasn't interested in going it alone, but he knew was set up to be run by some of the old Bulldog players. Wilbur someone who was, and he sent Carr to see Tim Mara, a New York Henry and Harry Robb came back from Pennsylvania, and Sam bookmaker. -
NFL 1926 in Theory & Practice
THE COFFIN CORNER: Vol. 24, No. 3 (2002) One division, no playoffs, no championship game. Was there ANY organization to pro football before 1933? Forget the official history for a moment, put on your leather thinking cap, and consider the possibilities of NFL 1926 in Theory and Practice By Mark L. Ford 1926 and 2001 The year 1926 makes an interesting study. For one thing, it was 75 years earlier than the just completed season. More importantly, 1926, like 2001, saw thirty-one pro football teams in competition. The NFL had a record 22 clubs, and Red Grange’s manager had organized the new 9 team American Football League. Besides the Chicago Bears, Green Bay Packers and New York Giants, and the Cardinals (who would not move from Chicago until 1959), there were other team names that would be familiar today – Buccaneers (Los Angeles), Lions (Brooklyn), Cowboys (Kansas City) and Panthers (Detroit). The AFL created rivals in major cities, with American League Yankees to match the National League Giants, a pre-NBA Chicago Bulls to match the Bears, Philadelphia Quakers against the Philly-suburb Frankford Yellowjackets, a Brooklyn rival formed around the two of the Four Horsemen turned pro, and another “Los Angeles” team. The official summary of 1926 might look chaotic and unorganized – 22 teams grouped in one division in a hodgepodge of large cities and small towns, and is summarized as “Frankford, Chicago Bears, Pottsville, Kansas City, Green Bay, Los Angeles, New York, Duluth, Buffalo, Chicago Cardinals, Providence, Detroit, Hartford, Brooklyn, Milwaukee, Akron, Dayton, Racine, Columbus, Canton, Hammond, Louisville”. -
The HOYA Has Attempted to Obtain Comments on the Tuition Increase in Particular and University Finances in General from Administrative Of Ficials
Welcome Alumni! Vol. XLV, No.8 GEORGETOWN UNIVERSITY, WASHINGTON, D. C. Thursday, November 19, 1964 Anniversary To Close University Officials Contribute Opinions Hoya Varsity Meets With Final Convocation On Tuition Increase A letter to the editor in this NYU This Saturday week's HOYA takes issue with the November 6 issue's edi torial entitled "Tuition Hikes." In the letter, Mr. James W. Egan, Vice Presi dent for University Development, said: "Father Bunn knew whereof he spoke, which on the basis of his past performance, the writer of your editorial should have assumed or, at least, he should have inquired directly before rushing to print." In addition to this comment, The HOYA has attempted to obtain comments on the tuition increase in particular and University finances in general from administrative of ficials. The following are state ments offered to The HOYA by Deans and University officials. Some administrative officials could not be reached for comment. In regards to the editorial's final Georgetown will field its first football team in fourteen question asking how the adminis years this Saturday, when the Hoyas host New York Univer tration intended to deal with pros sity on Kehoe Field at 2 p.m. This will be the only game of ROBERT KENNEDY FATHER BUNN pective students who deserve but cannot afford to come to George the season for the Hoyas. N.Y.U. has played one game prior town, Father Thomas R. Fitzger to the Georgetown game and lost to Fordham by a score of by Dick Carr ald, S.J., Dean of the College, 20 to 14. -
Football Award Winners
FOOTBALL AWARD WINNERS Consensus All-America Selections 2 Consensus All-Americans by School 20 National Award Winners 32 First Team All-Americans Below FBS 42 NCAA Postgraduate scholarship winners 72 Academic All-America Hall of Fame 81 Academic All-Americans by School 82 CONSENSUS ALL-AMERICA SELECTIONS In 1950, the National Collegiate Athletic Bureau (the NCAA’s service bureau) compiled the first official comprehensive roster of all-time All-Americans. The compilation of the All-America roster was supervised by a panel of analysts working in large part with the historical records contained in the files of the Dr. Baker Football Information Service. The roster consists of only those players who were first-team selections on one or more of the All-America teams that were selected for the national audience and received nationwide circulation. Not included are the thousands of players who received mention on All-America second or third teams, nor the numerous others who were selected by newspapers or agencies with circulations that were not primarily national and with viewpoints, therefore, that were not normally nationwide in scope. The following chart indicates, by year (in left column), which national media and organizations selected All-America teams. The headings at the top of each column refer to the selector (see legend after chart). ALL-AMERICA SELECTORS AA AP C CNN COL CP FBW FC FN FW INS L LIB M N NA NEA SN UP UPI W WCF 1889 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – √ – 1890 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – √ – 1891 – – – -
Estimated Age Effects in Baseball
ESTIMATED AGE EFFECTS IN BASEBALL By Ray C. Fair October 2005 Revised March 2007 COWLES FOUNDATION DISCUSSION PAPER NO. 1536 COWLES FOUNDATION FOR RESEARCH IN ECONOMICS YALE UNIVERSITY Box 208281 New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8281 http://cowles.econ.yale.edu/ Estimated Age Effects in Baseball Ray C. Fair¤ Revised March 2007 Abstract Age effects in baseball are estimated in this paper using a nonlinear xed- effects regression. The sample consists of all players who have played 10 or more full-time years in the major leagues between 1921 and 2004. Quadratic improvement is assumed up to a peak-performance age, which is estimated, and then quadratic decline after that, where the two quadratics need not be the same. Each player has his own constant term. The results show that aging effects are larger for pitchers than for batters and larger for baseball than for track and eld, running, and swimming events and for chess. There is some evidence that decline rates in baseball have decreased slightly in the more recent period, but they are still generally larger than those for the other events. There are 18 batters out of the sample of 441 whose performances in the second half of their careers noticeably exceed what the model predicts they should have been. All but 3 of these players played from 1990 on. The estimates from the xed-effects regressions can also be used to rank players. This ranking differs from the ranking using lifetime averages because it adjusts for the different ages at which players played. It is in effect an age-adjusted ranking. -
Los Yankees De Nueva York Dieron Una Gran Muestra Ofensiva
1927 Los Yankees de Nueva York dieron una gran muestra ofensiva durante toda la temporada de 1927, y con su excelente pitcheo, dominaron la tabla de posiciones durante toda la campaña finalizando con una marca de 110-44 en ganados y perdidos, conformando así un equipo de los mejores en la historia del beisbol de las Grandes Ligas. Los Atléticos de Philadelphia, comandados por Ty Cobb, quedaron en segundo sitio de la Liga Americana a ¡19 juegos! del primer lugar. De nueva cuenta, el gran Babe Ruth exhibe su gran poder con el madero al llegar a la mágica cifra de 60 cuadrangulares, algo insólito en este deporte; su promedio con gente en base llegó a ser de 0.487. Su compañero Lou Gehrig no lo hizo tan mal, puesto que concluyó la campaña con 47 palos de vuelta entera. Es digno mencionar que entre Ruth y Gehrig conectaron casi la cuarta parte de los 439 cuadrangulares que se contabilizaron en la liga. Gehrig produjo 175 carreras siendo el líder en el circuito, aunque Ruth anotó más veces al pisar el plato en 164 ocasiones, 9 más que su compañero. El premio al jugador más valioso fue otorgado a Gehrig por encima de Harry Heilmann de Detroit, quien bateó para 0.398. Destacaron en la ofensiva neoyorquina Earle Combs con 137 carreras anotadas, primero en hits con 231 y en triples con 23 con 0.356 de promedio; Bob Meusel conectó para 0.337 con 47 dobletes y Mark Koening que fue segundo en carreras con 99 anotaciones. Tony Lazzeri fue tercero en jonrones con 18 acumulando un porcentaje de 0.309. -
OCTOBER 24, 2019 the Unsung Hero of the ’24 Senators Alexandria’S Sally Z
Alexandria Times Vol. 15, No. 43 Alexandria’s only independent hometown newspaper. OCTOBER 24, 2019 The unsung hero of the ’24 Senators Alexandria’s Sally Z. Harper remembers her baseball-playing father BY DENISE DUNBAR The Washington Nationals are vying for just the second World Series title in D.C. history. Fans eager- ly await the Nationals’ first home game of the 2019 fall classic Friday night as the team attempts to em- ulate the 1924 Washington Senators, winners over the New York Giants in seven thrilling games. Many fans know that aging Walter Johnson, one of the greatest pitchers in major league base- ball history, won game seven in relief after losing his two starts earlier in the ‘24 series. Others are familiar with Leon Allen “Goose” Goslin, the Sen- ators’ young slugging left fielder; 34-year-old Sam Rice, their stellar right fielder; and Bucky Harris, the young player-manager second baseman – all of whom were destined for the Baseball Hall of Fame. Fewer people recall the pitching hero of that series, an unassuming lefty from North Carolina MEMORABILIA FROM named Tom Zachary, who won both of his starts, TOM ZACHARY'S BASE- came within one out of tossing two complete games BALL CAREER, CLOCK- WISE FROM TOP LEFT: and pitched to a 2.04 run average against the Giants. HIS WATCH FOB FOR However, there’s one longtime Alexandria resi- WINNING THE 1924 WORLD SERIES, HIS dent who recalls Zachary quite well: Sally Z. Harp- 1933 BASEBALL CARD er. To her, Zachary was simply “Daddy.” AND A NEWSPAPER CLIPPING DESCRIBING HIS GAME 2 VICTORY SEE ZACHARY | 6 IN THE 1924 SERIES.