What’s Up Up North!!! Lesson’s Learned Sustainable Integrated Solid Waste Resource Management in in the 21st Century

© 2014 HDR, all rights reserved. Background

Key Projects

Key Lessons Learned

Summary BACKGROUND BY THE NUMBERS

 Population: ~35 million (1/10 the US) about approximately the size of California  Landmass: ~ 9.9 M sq km (slightly larger than the US)  13 Provinces and Territories  Approximately 90% of the population is concentrated within 160 km (100 mi) of the US border  Generates ~ 25 million tonnes per year ( ~ 27 M tons) WASTE MANAGEMENT IN CANADA KEY CANADIAN PROJECTS KEY PROJECTS

 City of  Regions of Durham/ York  City of Edmonton  Southern Alberta Energy from Waste Alliance  City of Surrey This image cannot currently be displayed.

CITY OF TORONTO

 Over 4 million inhabitants  Generates over 1,000,000 tonnes per year  Separate collection of Recyclables and Organics  Key City Owned Facilities: o Dufferin Creek AD Plant – 27,500 tons per year o Disco Road AD Plant – 83,000 tons per year o Green Lane (out-of-City) – capacity to 2040 TORONTO’S WASTE STRATEGY VISION

 Reduce the amount of waste generated, reuse what they can, and recycle and recover the remaining resources to reinvest back into the economy.  Embrace a waste management system that is user friendly with programs and facilities that balance the needs of the community and environment with long term financial sustainability.  Ensure a safe, clean, beautiful and healthy City for the future.

EVALUATING LONG TERM OPTIONS

EVOLUTION OF WASTE MANAGEMENT IN DURHAM REGION

Durham Region was established in 1974. It relied on neighbours for waste disposal. Landfill locations included: • Brock West - Pickering: Late 1970s to 1997. • Keele Valley - : 1997 to 2002. • IWMA proposals for , : early 1990s. • Pine Tree Acres – : to Jan. 1, 2011.

In early 1990’s Regional Council made the decision not to consider a “new” landfill for the Region and to look for a local solution. THE LOCAL SOLUTION

In December 1999, the Region of Durham adopted a "Long Term Waste Management Strategy Plan: 2000 to 2020".

The main goals of the waste plan were: o To divert at least 50 per cent of the residential waste from disposal by 2007 or earlier. o To secure an alternate source for the disposal of residential waste, when the City of Toronto's Site is closed. o To implement an integrated residential waste management system for the collection, processing and disposal of:  Blue Box recyclables  Food and yard waste compostables  Residual garbage wastes  Special wastes – HHW, Bulky goods, E waste o To consider an "energy-from-waste" facility for the disposal of residual garbage waste. INFRASTRUCTURE INVESTMENTS MADE IN DURHAM REGION

Material Recovery Facility (MRF) opened Dec. 2007 $14.5 million

Organics Processing facility opened Fall 2006

Remediation of old landfill sites started 2007: • Brock $10.5m complete 2014 approx. • Oshawa $2.2m complete 2013 approx. • 5 small landfill sites in Region $1.7m ongoing DURHAM YORK ENERGY CENTRE

• First Greenfield EFW Facility in Canada in over two decades

• DBOM Procurement - Covanta

• 140,000 tonne (metric) per year (~500 short tons per day)

• Stringent Emission Standards – Best of E.U. and A-7

• Major Milestones: • EA approved in Nov. 2010 • Groundbreaking August, 2011 • Commercial Operations January, 2016 EDMONTON’S INTEGRATED WASTE MANAGEMENT CENTRE

• 550 acres

• Twelve waste processing facilities

• Two major research facilities Recycled  20% Composted  40% • Closed Landfill Biofuels  30% 2• Sewage biosolids storage/recycling Landfill  10% lagoons 4 Waste diversion = 90% 3 1

1 Integrated Processing and Transfer Facility 2 Recycling center 3 Composting center 4 ENERKEM biorefinery 90% WASTE DIVERSION GOAL UNIQUE PARTNERSHIP WITH THE CITY OF EDMONTON

 Leader in waste management practices  Edmonton Waste Management Centre • North America’s largest collection of modern, sustainable waste processing and research facilities • 233-hectare site  Enerkem selected as part of a thorough selection process involving over 100 technology providers BRINGING THE ENERKEM MODEL TO REALITY

 Rigorous path to commercialization

MODULAR COMMERCIAL BIOREFINERIES WESTBURY FACILITY

UNIVERSITY OF SHERBROOKE SHERBROOKE PILOT

Syngas Methanol Ethanol Full-scale commercial Laboratory Pilot Demo Demo Demo production

SOUTHERN ALBERTA STATUS

 The Southern Alberta Energy-from-Waste Association is considering the development of an approximate 200,000 TPY Energy from Waste facility  Association consists of 14 waste authorities responsible for delivery of solid waste management services for 72 municipalities  Initial Feasibility Study was completed in 2012. Currently working on detailed Business Plan, including seeking funding from P3 Canada. CITY OF SURREY BIOFUELS FACILITY

 The City is in the process of implementing the second phase of the Rethink Waste Program, an organic waste biofuel processing facility.  This facility will process the City’s organic waste into a 100% renewable natural gas (RNG) to be used in collection and service vehicles and a source of renewable fuel for a new district heating system.  The facility will also produce a high end compost product that will be used in agricultural and landscaping applications.  It will be capable of processing upward of 115,000 tonnes of organic waste per year. The majority of this waste will come from Surrey's residential curbside collection program  The biofuel facility is a public private partnership with Orgaworld.  P3 Canada approved Surrey’s Application to fund up to 25% of the capital cost of the facility. CITY OF SURREY STATUS

 Facility groundbreaking was held in February, 2015.  Currently under construction KEY LESSONS LEARNED KEY LESSONS LEARNED

City of Toronto’s Long Term Plan • Communication is Key • You are in for the Long Haul

Durham York Energy Centre • Right Sizing is Critical, • Continuous Outreach Political Champion Key

City of Edmonton and the Enerkem Alberta Biofuels Facility. • Great Example of an Integrated System

Southern Alberta Energy from Waste Alliance; • Key Ingredients for Implementing Regional Change

City of Surrey’s AD/Biofuel Facility: • Look for Proven Technologies COMMON THEMES

• Waste is a resource

• There is no “away”

o Options for “disposal” are land, sea or air

• We need to treat residuals responsibly

o Close to the source of generation

o Consider impacted communities (Environmental Justice) COMMON PROJECT CHALLENGES

:  Aligning the priorities of the Federal. Provincial/State, Regional and municipal governments.  Engaging a strong commitment from all parties involved in the project.  Developing public trust built on an “open-and-transparent” process.  Developing and maintaining a solid financial strategy. LESSONS LEARNED

 Know your waste stream

 Make sure that the Facility is “right sized”

 Communicate, communicate, communicate!

 Find the right site - Location, Location, Location!

 Identify a Political Champion

 Establish a process that will withstand several election cycles

31 SUMMARY WHAT MAKES A SUSTAINABLE WASTE RESOURCE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

 A balanced system recognizing that no one size/system fits all- All Waste is Local!!!

 Continued need for education at all levels on potential impacts and benefits.

 Open Transparent Long Term Planning Process

 Recognition of the 5R’s- Reduce, Reuse, Recycle, Recover and Residuals

 Cooperation/Support amongst all levels of government WHAT DOES THE FUTURE HOLD?

 Continued push for greater Diversion from landfill

 Increased use of alternative delivery approaches, public private partnering and creative funding mechanisms/alternative sources of capital

 Continued Pressure on Commodity Markets will impact Project Revenues in short term (starting to improve)

 Enhancement of 3Rs and expansion of organics programs

 The role of new and emerging technologies will evolve

 Continued changes and uncertainty in the regulatory environment complicates progress on facility design

34 Thanks

Bruce Howie Bruce. [email protected] (914) 993-2062