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Research Proposal for Gettysburg Citizens' Accounts of the Battle Of Research Proposal for Gettysburg Citizens’ Accounts of the Battle of Gettysburg Christian Dakota Kibler 16SP HIST 301 Historiography and Research Meth (02) Professor Sarah Jones March 5, 2016 Hypothesis: During the Battle of Gettysburg, the citizens of Gettysburg exhibited varying degrees of fear and apprehension about the battle, but just as importantly they also shared unified attempts to aid and show friendliness to both Union and Confederate military forces. Discussion of Sources: The overall research topic that I have decided to analyze is the evaluation of what the citizens of Gettysburg’s reactions, opinions, and thoughts were regarding the 1863 Civil War Battle of Gettysburg. In conjunction with the Battle of Vicksburg, the Battle of Gettysburg is widely considered amongst expert historians to have been one of the two major battles which marked the turning point of the Civil War, tipping the scales in favor of the Union. There is a enormous wealth of both general and specific historic information available on this battle, and additionally there are innumerable accessible sources which list personal accounts of both Confederate and Union soldiers who fought in the battle. However, there is an extremely limited amount of information available which discusses how the citizens of Gettysburg felt or reacted to the epic landmark battle that took place right outside of their front doors. Therefore, I have chosen to narrow my focus on this lack of information, restricting myself to purely Gettysburg civilian accounts and examinations of the Battle of Gettysburg and its associated aspects. Discarding military accounts and broad, well-known knowledge of the battle, my intent is to explore only what the citizens of Gettysburg noted privately or publicly about the battle, how these citizens were or were not involved in the battle, and how the battle affected Gettysburg citizens’ lives and emotions as the battle raged on for three whole days. The overriding question that influenced my research is, “Despite the large number of military accounts available on the Battle of Gettysburg, what did the supposedly overlooked citizens of the town have to say or do about this same battle?” Therefore, I decided to look mainly into official or unofficial accounts of Battle of Gettysburg-era civilians as well as search for any personal diary entries or interviews of these civilians in order to gain insight into their involvement or lack thereof in the Battle of Gettysburg. Initially, my thesis and thoughts upon beginning my research were that there would be an underlying terror which existed in nearly all of the hearts of Gettysburg citizens, and henceforth this terror would have kept Gettysburg citizens locked up and hiding in their homes awaiting the end of the battle. To my surprise, upon further research my thesis was forced to change, it became quite obvious that the Gettysburg citizens played a larger role in aiding both military sides of the Battle of Gettysburg than I would have imagined. Therefore, I maintain that while fear and terror did indeed play a significant role in Gettysburg civilians’ thoughts and actions towards the battle, their desire to show hospitality and provide aid of any manageable sort to both the Union and the Confederacy played just as big of a role. I argue that even though the actions and reflections of Gettysburg civilians seem to be unrecognized and unstudied to a sizable extent, this does not mean that their actions and reflections were minor or unimportant. Rather, I insist that the citizens of Gettysburg, while certainly frightened of the Battle of Gettysburg, nonetheless displayed unbiased compassion and remarkably involved stances towards the battle. To make these arguments, I am using three different types of primary sources: diary entries, newspaper articles, and personal narratives in book form. Firstly, the diary entries that I am using are authored by Sarah Broadhead and Sallie Myers, both of whom were women living in Gettysburg at the time of the battle. These two primary sources present a unique and invaluable look at each woman’s thoughts on a day-by-day basis in the heat of the battle. These diaries even provide entries before and after the battle, which provide some useful and much needed context. Together, these two diary entries are crucial to my research, as they are literal firsthand accounts written in the midst of the battle, whereas all of my other primary sources were written after-the-fact. Secondly, I have gathered three primary source newspaper articles for my research. Two of these articles are interviews of Gettysburg civilians Aaron Sheely and once again Sallie Myers, who each share their experiences, thoughts, and involvement in the Battle of Gettysburg. The third article is of particular interest and value to my research, as it is an interview of John Charles Willis who was associated with an inn in Gettysburg at the time known as the Globe Inn. His words on the battle prove to be priceless to my research as he not only speaks for himself but also for those staying at and around the inn, which was a social hub during the time of battle. Finally, the personal narratives in book form that I have found make up the majority of my primary sources, combining for a total of five sources. All written by a variety of different Battle of Gettysburg-era citizens, these critical and indispensable sources serve to both firmly reinforce my thesis and further shed light upon the very personal notions, reactions, and actions of the people of Gettysburg during the battle. Altogether, I feel that I have put together an extremely thorough and informative arsenal of research which serves my research purposes exceptionally well. I wholeheartedly believe that my research on this topic of Gettysburg citizens’ is desperately needed and exceedingly valuable in the field of Gettysburg Battle history. As previously mentioned, when it comes to the Battle of Gettysburg, the reactions of Gettysburg citizens have either gone largely unnoticed or have simply been undervalued by most historians. Despite this, this topic is still of large necessity, as the contributions of Gettysburg civilians towards the Battle of Gettysburg while perhaps not being decisive to the battle’s outcome still played an important role in the battle that should not be overlooked. The fact that the Battle of Gettysburg played such an enormous role in the overall result of the Civil War but yet the very perspectives and actions of the citizens of Gettysburg were overshadowed is unacceptable. Therefore, in researching this topic my goal is to provide evidence of the variety of thoughts and deeds that the people of Gettysburg respectively maintained and performed as well as promote and encourage further research into this topic in order to expand its significance all the more. Historiography: Gettysburg Citizen’s Accounts of the Battle of Gettysburg The Battle of Gettysburg is one of the most significant battles fought in America’s history and especially in Civil War history. Taking place in the fields and slopes outside of the small town of Gettysburg, Pennsylvania in 1863, this battle is generally viewed by nearly all historians as the turning point of the Civil War. After Union forces won this battle and forced the Confederates to retreat, it became more and more clear that the Union would be the victors of the Civil War. Hence, this battle quickly became of critical interest and cruciality to historians. This was due to both its initially unexpected importance to the outcome of the Civil War and the strategies and intensity that the battle employed, such as the failure of the infamous Pickett’s charge as well as the last stand of the 20th Maine regiment on Little Round Top which earned Commander Joshua Chamberlain one of the first ever American Congressional Medals of Honor. While historians have documented this battle exhaustively and thoroughly, they have tended to either partially or fully neglect the accounts of the actual citizens of Gettysburg. This being said, the resources which do happen to document the thoughts, actions, and contributions of Gettysburg civilians towards the Battle of Gettysburg are somewhat difficult to discover. However, those historians who have examined Gettysburg citizens’ accounts of the Battle of Gettysburg generally have produced historiography which highlights either the extreme fear and terror that the citizens of Gettysburg endured or the noteworthy acts which the citizens performed to aid both Union and Confederate forces. Nearly every historian who has studied Gettysburg civilian reactions towards the Battle of Gettysburg has implemented into their work firsthand primary documents such as journal and diary entries written by Gettysburg civilians either during or after the battle. Diary entries written by Sallie Myers and Sarah Broadhead, as well as personal narrative account written in book form authored by Tillie Pierce and Fannie Buehler are all favorite sources to use among historians. Historians have also taken advantage of newspaper articles which featured interviews of Gettysburg civilians who were present in Gettysburg during the battle. Interviews of John Burns are the most prominent sources found, but on some instances interviews of the aforementioned Sallie Myers are also present in historiography on this subject. One of the earliest historiographical writings which focused on the accounts of Gettysburg civilians during the Battle of Gettysburg was written almost a century after the
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