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Report Report 2020/05/06 21:05 1/68 Report Report Smart pedestrian crossing Author(s): Bárbara Cruz Caruso David van Duivenboden Jens Hoernschemeyer Solenne Peytard Jan Starosta Charlie Stenskie Acknowledgement Glossary Abbreviation Description EPS European Project Semester ISEP Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto USB Universal Serial Bus NCHS The National Center for Health Statistics National Highway Traffic Safety NHTSA Administration LF Low Frequency HF High Frequency UHF Ultra High Frequency NFC Near-Field Communication RFID Radio-Frequency Identification USB Universal Serial Bus HID Human Interface Device SPI Serial Peripheral Interface EPS@ISEP - http://www.eps2020-wiki6.dee.isep.ipp.pt/ Last update: 2020/05/06 15:35 report http://www.eps2020-wiki6.dee.isep.ipp.pt/doku.php?id=report Abbreviation Description ISP Internet Service Provider CAN Controller Area Network ADC Analog to Digital Converter DAC Digital to Analog Converter HD High-Definition HDMI High-Definition Multimedia Interface X10CrNi18-8 Stainless Steel PE-HD Polyethylene High-Density ABS Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene POM-C Polyoxymethylene ECEC European Council of Engineers Chambers 1 Introduction In this chapter our project will be introduced to you. You will discover our team, the goals of this project and why we decided to work on this subject. Then, you will have an overview of the organization of the project and of the structure of the report. 1.1 Presentation Team 6, better known as Team Schnabeltier (German for platypus), consists of six team members from different countries and with different scholar backgrounds. Table 1 shows an overview of the members in team Schnabeltier. Table 1: Overview of team members Country of Name Field of Study Picture origin Bárbara Cruz Caruso Brazil Design http://www.eps2020-wiki6.dee.isep.ipp.pt/ Printed on 2020/05/06 21:05 2020/05/06 21:05 3/68 Report Country of Name Field of Study Picture origin David van Duivenboden the Netherlands Chemical Engineering Jens Hoernschemeyer Germany Materials Engineering Mechanical Engineering & Solenne Peytard France Ergonomics Telecommunication & Jan Starosta Poland Computer Science EPS@ISEP - http://www.eps2020-wiki6.dee.isep.ipp.pt/ Last update: 2020/05/06 15:35 report http://www.eps2020-wiki6.dee.isep.ipp.pt/doku.php?id=report Country of Name Field of Study Picture origin Charlie Stenstkie Scotland Electrical Power Engineering 1.2 Motivation We decided to participate to EPS project for different reasons. For some of us it was to improve our english, some others wanted to discover Portugal, Porto and the portuguese culture. But for everybody the goal was to enrich his knowledge by working with an international and multidisciplinary group of students to discover new cultures, other ways of working and to obtain a complete project by contributing all with our knowledge related to our background. Team 6 of 2020's EPS is responsible for developing the “smart pedestrian crossing”, although every team member has a different scientific background and do not have experience in designing and developing traffic systems. Team motivations behind developing the smart pedestrian crossing were mainly associated with increasing road users' awareness and to make pedestrian crossings safer for their users. The team has the motivation to decrease the number of accidences and especially the number of fatalities on the roads caused by different factors which will be explained further in the report. The project would allow increasing people awareness of how dangerous pedestrian crossing might be, as thousands of people die each year when crossing the road or get injured. 1.3 Problem Our project meets a need which is to find a solution that enables to reduce the number of accidents happening at pedestrian crossings by creating a “smart pedestrian crossing”. We will analise the statistics to find the reasons of the high rate of fatalities and the environment where the most accidents happen to see on which aspects we can act to minimise the number of deaths. 1.4 Objectives The objective for Team 6 is to create a new take on the standard pedestrian crossing and make certain adjustments to an already established system in order to aid the safety aspect of the standard pedestrian crossing. We concentrated our efforts on the motivation of pedestrians to make them use pedestrian crossings each time they want to cross. As a team we have set out to create a 'smart pedestrian crossing' that will help to generate a safer environment for both pedestrians and other road users, and hopefully over time bring down the total amount of accidents that occur at crosswalks. http://www.eps2020-wiki6.dee.isep.ipp.pt/ Printed on 2020/05/06 21:05 2020/05/06 21:05 5/68 Report 1.5 Requirements In this part we will see the general requirements that all projects of the European Project Semester have to respect. And then, a set of requirements specific to our project that we defined together. 1.5.1 General requirements The general requirements that our project must adhere to are: 1. Use or reuse low cost hardware solutions; 2. Use open source software; 3. Follow EU Directives: 1. Machine Directive (2006/42/CE 2006-05-17); 2. Electromagnetic Compatibility Directive (2004/108/EC 2004 12 15); 3. Low Voltage Directive (2014/35/EU 2016-04-20); 4. Radio Equipment Directive (2014/53/EU 2014-04-16); 5. Restriction of Hazardous Substances (ROHS) in Electrical and Electronic Equipment Directive (2002/95/EC 2003-01-27); 4. Mandatory adoption and use of the International System of Units (The NIST International Guide for the use of the International System of Units) 1.5.2 Specific Requirements As a team we decided on our own set of requirement specific to our own project these are listed below: 1. The project we create must meet the laws and regulations of the road. 2. It must not alter the traffic flow too drastically. ​ 3. It must be user friendly for all. 4. Increase the safety of all road users. 1.6 Functional Tests First, a prototype was planned to see if our solution will work in terms of materials, electrical components and network that has to work properly. But because of coronavirus, a prototype will be hard to realize, so, we will create a simulation that will enables us to see if our solution is feasible and if it works. Then we will analyse if this solution answers well to our major problems that are to improve the safety of pedestrian crossing by motivating people to use them. The requirements are : 1. To find a solution that could be implemented on all pedestrian crossings without traffic lights in Porto 2. The materials must resist to the weather 3. The network including scanners box, displays, sensors and cards must work properly (the points have to appear on the accounts of customers) EPS@ISEP - http://www.eps2020-wiki6.dee.isep.ipp.pt/ Last update: 2020/05/06 15:35 report http://www.eps2020-wiki6.dee.isep.ipp.pt/doku.php?id=report 1.7 Project Planning Our project will follow the principles of agile and Scrum methods : figure 1. First, we will establish a product backlog to share the tasks and have a good repartition of the work. For each week, we will plan a sprint. First, we determine the free time that we have, then we list all the tasks that are urgent and attribute them a duration, a responsible and eventually some participants. With this organization we try to create an equivalent workload for all the team members. At the end of the week, we are going to do a sprint retrospective to see what was great, what we must start and what we must improve. We will also check if the planned tasks are finish or not. If not, we will analyse why they are not finished and then plan them again for a next week. Figure 1: SCRUM [1] 1.8 Report Structure This report is structured in eight chapters, detailed in table 2. Table 2: Report structure Chapter Title Description Introduce the team, the motivation and the objectives of 1 Introduction the project Research of different products on the market and 2 State of the Art scientific studies Documentation of the progress in the agile management 3 Project Management method SCRUM The main objectives are the marketing strategy, target 4 Marketing Plan and advertising Eco-efficiency Measures for 5 All the necessary tasks to make the project sustainable Sustainability Ethical and Deontological 6 Analysis of the ethical challenges and their solutions Concerns 7 Project development Product requirements and prototype development 8 Conclusion Discussion of the results and the view in the future http://www.eps2020-wiki6.dee.isep.ipp.pt/ Printed on 2020/05/06 21:05 2020/05/06 21:05 7/68 Report 2 State of the Art In this chapter, the objective is to do an initial research before developing the actual product or solution. 2.1 Introduction In order to be able to decrease the amount of accidents occuring when pedestrians cross the road, research has been done to different types of safe road-crossing options currently in use. In this section of the report, the results of this research will be displayed. The solutions that were found can be divided into three different groups: Signalized crossings Physical aids Grade separated crossings These solutions include more than just different types of crosswalks, the physical aids for example are mostly other road infrastructure solutions. Beside different road crossing options, accident rates among pedestrians who are crossing the road have been investigated in order to determine the focus of the project. The main requirements for the development of a safe pedestrian crossing have to be taken into account.
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