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María Luz Mendez Salazar 2009

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UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL FACULTAD DE FILOSOFÍA Y LETRAS SISTEMA DE ESTUDIOS DE POSGRADO MAESTRÍA PROFESIONAL EN TRADUCCIÓN INGLÉS-ESPAÑOL Cuentos de angustias y paisajes de Carlos Salazar Herrera The Plausibility of Substituting a Folk Dialect with a Regional Dialect Traducción e informe de investigación Proyecto de graduación para optar por el grado de Magíster en Traducción Inglés-Español Presentado por María Luz Méndez Salazar Carné 212216-9 Cédula No. 2-354-189 Noviembre 2009 i NÓMINA DE PARTICIPANTES EN LA ACTIVIDAD FINAL DEL TRABAJO DE GRADUACIÓN Cuentos de angustias y paisajes de Carlos Salazar Herrera The Plausibility of Substituting a Folk Dialect with a Regional Dialect Traducción e informe de investigación Presentado por la sustentante MARÍA LUZ MÉNDEZ SALAZAR el día 13 de noviembre de 2009 Personal académico calificador: M.A. Sherry Gapper Morrow _______________________________ Coordinadora Plan de Maestría en Traducción M.A. Bianchinetta Benavides Segura _______________________________ Profesora Seminario de Traductología III _______________________________ Dr. Victor Drescher _______________________________ Plan de Maestría en Traducción Tutor María Luz Méndez Salazar _______________________________ Sustentante ii ADVERTENCIA SOBRE DERECHOS DE AUTOR La traducción que se presenta en este tomo se ha realizado para cumplir con el requisito curricular de obtener el grado académico en el Plan de Maestría Profesional en Traducción de la Universidad Nacional. Ni la Escuela de Literatura y Ciencias del Lenguaje de la Universidad Nacional, ni la traductora, tendrán ninguna responsabilidad en el uso posterior que de la versión traducida se haga, incluida su publicación. Corresponderá a quien desee publicar esta versión gestionar ante las entidades pertinentes la autorización para su uso y comercialización, sin perjuicio del derecho de propiedad intelectual del que es depositaria la traductora. En cualquiera de los casos, todo uso que se haga del texto y de su traducción deberá atenerse a los alcances de la Ley de Derechos de Autor y Derechos Conexos, vigente en Costa Rica. iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS My Mother’s example of perseverance, strength and courage has taken me this far; it is because of her that this work is dedicated to my children, Natalia and Rafael Esteban, my granddaughter Naomi, and any future grandchildren with whom God may bless my life even more. Because he was my biggest fan throughout this process, this work is also dedicated to my brother “Lando.” Because they believed in me long before I did, this accomplishment is a tribute to Orietta Norza and Sherry Gapper. And last but not least, because I know firsthand that low self-esteem can stop anyone from fulfilling a dream, this work goes out to prove that Faith in God will always overcome any obstacle in life. iv SPECIAL GRATITUDE First and foremost, I want to express my sincere gratitude to my professors Bianchinetta Benavides and Victor Drescher. They are my role models of what an excellent educator should be. It was a privilege to work under their guidance. Professor Bianchinetta’s enthusiasm about my work made me realize how important it would be to translate the whole book and not just part of it. She believed in my project from day one. Our long hours of conversation always consumed a lot of her time and energy, but they always provided me with better ideas for my project. Her ample knowledge in research and linguistics consistently helped me stay on track and oriented this project. She fulfilled her teacher’s duty of being inspiring when reassuring me that I could carry out this project to the end successfully. I can barely put into words my gratitude to Professor Drescher. He tirelessly and promptly responded to seemingly endless sets of questions in regards to the translation. Not once did he make me feel like I had made a big mistake when editing my work, given that he presented them as simple errors one makes when writing in a language that is not our native language. His sympathetic attitude to my knowledge of English would make him choose what I consider careful grammatical structures that often made me think he was giving me “suggestions” and not strict instructions to change one word or one idea for another. No doubt, his contribution to this translation has been the key element to its success. My sincere gratitude goes also to his wife Kathy, who took the time to read my translations and express her opinion about them. My time at the Master’s program would not have been the joy it was without friends like Heidi. Not only was she available to me at all times when I had questions v about the translation, but she also helped me to keep my perspective in the face of what many times seemed endless struggles. She is living proof that when one is young and intelligent, one can handle many responsibilities and still excel in all of them. If anyone knew how to lead an academic life, it was Heidi. Thank you for setting an example in spite of your being so young compared to me. Every single page of this project is filled with contributions unselfishly given by people who were always available to me in one way or another. To all of those not mentioned here, my special thanks. vi MY SPECIAL THANKS It goes out to several people: Ø To Daniel, my loyal friend in all circumstances. More than once he saw me struggling throughout this process and took care of things around the house, as often as he could, so that I could focus on my work. Ø To René. Saying “thank you” would never be enough; but those are the only two words I can find to express my appreciation to him. His computer skills helped me more than once, and allowed me to finish the format of my document neatly. Not once did he make me feel like an outsider in their home. Ø To Luis Alfredo and Daniel Alberto, my nephews. They contributed in whatever way they could, for that I love them even more. Ø To my American Mom and Dad. They have always been there to give me advice and support. Ø To Rocío, a professor who became a friend. She reintroduced me to Carlos Salazar Herrera’s work, and helped me to give my first steps in literature translation, and for that I’ll always be grateful. Ø To Professor María Isabel Barboza, Magister Literarum, who lent me her expertise in literature while supervising my work. Ø To all of those around the world who share a passion for language, writing and translation and are affiliated to the WordReference forums, for having contributed unselfishly to my translations. vii ABSTRACT The present graduation project is submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for a Master’s Degree in English-Spanish Translation at the Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica. Its contents support the plausibility of substituting a folk dialect with a regional dialect for the translation of the dialogues found in Carlos Salazar Herrera’s Cuentos de angustias y paisajes, as a way to convey the socio-linguistic characteristics of the Costa Rican peasants featured in the short stories. Based on consent given by descriptive grammar, and on Christiane Nord’s theory about the translator having a free reign to chose the way he/she wishes to carry out his work, this translation and research project show how a “literary dialect” can be translated systematically, based on the more outstanding syntactic, morphological and phonological rules prescribed by African American Vernacular English (AAVE), a dialect currently spoken mostly in Southern states of the United States. Key words: Literary translation, dialectology, sociolinguistics, AAVE, Costa Rican literature viii RESUMEN Esta traducción y proyecto de investigación se presentan como uno de los requisitos para obtener el grado de Master en Traducción Inglés-Español de la Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica. Su contenido demuestra la pertinencia traductora de sustituir un dialecto utilizado en literatura costumbrista por uno regional para la traducción de los diálogos en la obra Cuentos de angustias y paisajes de Carlos Salazar Herrera, con la intención de transmitir las características sociolingüísticas de los campesinos costarricenses, quienes son los protagonistas principales de estos cuentos. Apoyado por los principios de la gramática descriptiva, y basado en la teoría de Christiane Nord, acerca del libre albedrío del traductor para llevar a cabo su trabajo, esta traducción e investigación demuestran como un dialecto literario sí puede ser traducido sistemáticamente, basándose en las características sintácticas, morfológicas y fonéticas más sobresalientes del inglés vernáculo hablado por Afroamericanos (AAVE según sus siglas en inglés), un dialecto comúnmente hablado en la actualidad en los estados del sur de los Estados Unidos. Palabras clave: Traducción literaria, dialectología, sociolingüística, inglés vernáculo, literatura costarricense. ix TABLE OF CONTENTS NÓMINA DE PARTICIPANTES EN LA ACTIVIDAD FINAL DEL ..................................................................................II TRABAJO DE GRADUACIÓN..........................................................................................................................................II ADVERTENCIA SOBRE DERECHOS DE AUTOR..........................................................................................................III ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS...............................................................................................................................................IV SPECIAL GRATITUDE .....................................................................................................................................................V
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  • Euscorpius. 2013

    Euscorpius. 2013

    Three More Species of Euscorpius Confirmed for Greece (Scorpiones: Euscorpiidae) Victor Fet, Michael E. Soleglad, Aristeidis Parmakelis, Panayiota Kotsakiozi & Iasmi Stathi September 2013 — No. 165 Occasional Publications in Scorpiology EDITOR: Victor Fet, Marshall University, ‘[email protected]’ ASSOCIATE EDITOR: Michael E. Soleglad, ‘[email protected]’ Euscorpius is the first research publication completely devoted to scorpions (Arachnida: Scorpiones). Euscorpius takes advantage of the rapidly evolving medium of quick online publication, at the same time maintaining high research standards for the burgeoning field of scorpion science (scorpiology). Euscorpius is an expedient and viable medium for the publication of serious papers in scorpiology, including (but not limited to): systematics, evolution, ecology, biogeography, and general biology of scorpions. Review papers, descriptions of new taxa, faunistic surveys, lists of museum collections, and book reviews are welcome. Derivatio Nominis The name Euscorpius Thorell, 1876 refers to the most common genus of scorpions in the Mediterranean region and southern Europe (family Euscorpiidae). Euscorpius is located at: http://www.science.marshall.edu/fet/Euscorpius (Marshall University, Huntington, West Virginia 25755-2510, USA) ICZN COMPLIANCE OF ELECTRONIC PUBLICATIONS: Electronic (“e-only”) publications are fully compliant with ICZN (International Code of Zoological Nomenclature) (i.e. for the purposes of new names and new nomenclatural acts) when properly archived and registered. All Euscorpius issues starting from No. 156 (2013) are archived in two electronic archives: Biotaxa, http://biotaxa.org/Euscorpius (ICZN-approved and ZooBank-enabled) Marshall Digital Scholar, http://mds.marshall.edu/euscorpius/. (This website also archives all Euscorpius issues previously published on CD-ROMs.) Between 2000 and 2013, ICZN did not accept online texts as "published work" (Article 9.8).