DOCSLIB.ORG

A Guide to Constantinople

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

'JUfV ?n fpop A GUIDE CONSTANTINOPLE " The Galata Bridge From Constantinople" By Ooble and Mfflingen [A. & C BlacKn C8546 ^A GUIDE TO CONSTANTINOPLE BY DEMETKIUS COUFOPOULOS FOURTH EDITION ^ LONDON ADAM AND CHARLESCHAI BLACK * 1910 First Edition published September 1S95. Second Edition, October 1S99 Third March 190'2 Edition, ; reprinted January 1900. Fourth Edition. May 1910. PREFACE TO SECOND EDITION The rapid sale of this Guide, and the praise it has received from tourists that have used it, as well as the changes that have occurred since its publication in the city of Constantinople, encourage me to issue a second edition. In preparing this I have care- rally revised the book throughout, re -writing or adding to some passages where necessary. The maps have been brought up to date, and an alpha- betical index has been added D. G. COUFOPOULOS. September 1899. PREFACE TO FIRST EDITION In issuing this Guide to Constantinople let me say at once that it is designed rather for the use of the ordinary sight-seer than of the specialised student. My aim has been to avoid confusing the reader with too great fulness of historical, topo- graphical, or technical details, but rather to fix his attention on salient points, and to convey to him as succinctly as possible such information as is most likely to be of use to one who, without much previous study, wishes to devote a limited time as pleasantly and profitably as may be to the explora- tion of the City and its Environs. In carrying out this aim I hope that my many years' experience as Dragoman in Constantinople will be found to have been not without their use in enabling me to divine the wants of such a traveller as I have indicated. August 1895 MAPS Plan of Pera facing page 1 Plan of Mosque of St. Sophia . page 58 Chart of the Bosporus .... facing page 154 Plan of Constantinople, in pocket at end. ILLUSTRATIONS BY WARWICK GOBLE. FROM "CONSTANTINOPLE" PAINTED BY WARWICK GOBLE, DESCRIBED BY PROF. A. VAN MILLINGEN. PUBLISHED BY A. AND C. BLACK, SOHO SQUARE. LONDON The Galata Bridge Frontispiece A Stamboul Beggar facing page 34 Interior of St. Sophia 60 Market in the Court of the Mosque of Sultan Ahmed I 76 Flower Sellers 110 The Golden Horn 150 The Sweet Waters of Europe . 158 A Kafedji 180 GUIDE-BOOK CONSTANTINOPLE AND DISTRICT Situation.—Constantinople, the capital of the Otto- man Empire, is situated at the junction of the Bosporus and the Sea of Marmora, in lat. 41° 0' 16" N. and long. 28° 59' 14" E., and may be said to be composed of three different towns, viz. Stam- bu.1, Galata-Pera, and Skutari. The two first named are on the European shore, and are divided by the Golden Horn; while Skutari lies on the Asiatic shore, and is separated from them by the Bosporus. Stambul, or Constantinople proper, occupies the site of ancient Byzantium, and, like ancient Borne, is built on seven hills. On the first of these, on which stood the original city of Byzantium, are the Old Seraglio, the Mosque of St. Sophia, and the on the second the Hippodrome ; Porphyry Column, site of on the the ancient Forum of Constantine ; 2 CONSTANTINOPLE on the third the "War Office and the Suleimanieh Mosque; on the fourth the Mehinedieh Mosque; the fifth the Selimieh on the sixth the on Mosque ; ruins of the Hebdomon Palace ; and on the seventh the Column of Arcadius. With the seven hills, however, all similarity to Rome of old ends. Stambul with its seven hills, lying on a triangular promontory, is washed by the waters of the Golden Horn on the north, by the limpid Sea of Marmora on the south, and by the swift current of the Bosporus on its eastern side. Constantinople cannot, by any means, claim to be the most beautiful city in existence. Never- theless, nature has been so generous in her favours, that travellers and historians assign to the capital of the Sultans no mean rank among the most picturesque cities of the world. Constanti- nople may justly boast of what no other city can claim : it is situated on two different continents, Europe and Asia, and constitutes the dividing line between West and East. The bard, the author and the artist have each, severally and oft, tried to depict in song, in prose, and in the of the but each colours, beauty city ; and all have failed, for Constantinople baffles all attempt at could description ; and no verse, no pen, no brush, adequately convey to the mind any idea of the vision SITUATION 3 that greets the eye of the foreigner who approaches the city from the west on a fine summer's morning. It is more like some enchanted city out of the 'Thousand and One Nights than like any real town built of bricks, stones, and mortar; and so the traveller is sure to think as, coming on deck early in the morning, he catches sight of seven low-lying hills covered with buildings of all descriptions down to the waters all the colours of the edge ; painted rainbow, with a white kiosk, and a few cypresses, ' or the slim, sharp spire of some minaret/ or the imposing cupolas of the numerous mosques showing houses the whole above the gaily-painted ; enveloped in the slight morning mist, which the sun's power- ful rays will soon dissolve, and which serves but to enhance the beauty of the picture, with its back- ground of soft blue Oriental sky and its foreground of the Sea of Marmora, in the limpid waters of which the town is reflected as in a mirror. This is Constantinople from a distance ! But the scene is quite different when the traveller lands and proceeds to stumble along the narrow, dirty, wretchedly -paved alleys which do duty for streets. He has to pick his way as care- fully as he can among the countless mangy, half- starved pariah dogs which infest the town; the ' noisy, vociferating hamals or porters, going light,' 4 CONSTANTINOPLE or under loads staggering along heavy ; past donkey drivers and muleteers giving vent to most unearthly yells at their horses or donkeys, convey- ing long balks of timber or other building material.' The numerous hawkers of all sorts of articles further contribute their share to the din and con- fusion by yelling out, at the top of their voices, the nature, excellence, and cheapness of their wares. The traveller's ears, however, are not the only sufferers for his nerves are offended on ; olfactory every side by the stench arising from the oft- recurring heaps of garbage, which emit odours the ' very opposite to the perfumes of Araby,' with which he would naturally expect his nose would be assailed in the East. Climate.—The climate of Constantinople is on the whole is healthy ; but, being very variable, not suitable for people suffering from pulmonary affections, or for persons of full habit of body. The best time for visiting Constantinople is in the months of April and May, and September and October, just before, and just after, the hot season. Population. —The population of Constantinople, in the utter absence of any official figures, cannot be given with any degree of accuracy, but may be set down at about 1,200,000. Historical Sketch, — Tradition assigns the HISTORICAL SKETCH 5 foundation of Byzantium to a band of settlers from Megara, under a leader named Byzas, in 658 B.C. The oracle of Apollo at Delphi, which they had consulted, foretold that those who set out would be certain to prosper on the Thracian shore, near the Euxine, where there was an abundance of game. The Megarians inferred that the oracle intended to designate a spot near the mouth of the two streams * Cydaris and Barbysus (the present Sweet Waters of Europe'), and therefore proceeded there. They were sacrificing an ox, when a crow swooped down and carried off a piece of the sacrificial meat, which a shepherd subsequently told them it dropped at Cape Bosporus (now Seraglio Point). The Megarians, taking this act of the bird as a good omen, immediately removed to the promontory, where they settled and built a town called Byzantium, after their leader Byzas. According to another tradition, the oracle enjoined Byzas and his ' followers to settle opposite the city of the blind/ in allusion to a former party of emigrants who, overlooking the advantageous site on the promon- tory, had settled at Chalcedon, now Kadi Keui. Its advantageous situation soon exposed the city to the covetousness of its neighbours and of other nations, and it was in turn attacked by the and even the Gauls while Thracians, Bithynians, ; 6 • CONSTANTINOPLE it was repeatedly invested by the Persians, who, during the campaign of Darius against the Scythians, compelled the town to surrender to one Otanes, of Darius' generals, and subsequently burnt it. After the- battle of Platsea (479 B.C.) the Lacedaemonians under Pausanias took Byzantium from the Persians, and refounded the colony. Seven years later it was taken from the Lacedaemonians by th3 Athenians; but in 440 B.C. it revolted and returned to its former allegiance. It was again besieged and taken by Alcibiades in 408 B.C. The city continued in the possession of the Athenians till after the battle of Aegos Potami in 405 B.C., when it was recovered for the Spartans by Lysander. A few years later Xenophon and his Ten Thousand passed through it on their march from Persia. In 390 B.C. it was once more brought under the influence of Athens.
Recommended publications
  • The Politics of Roman Memory in the Age of Justinian DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the D

    The Politics of Roman Memory in the Age of Justinian DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the D

    The Politics of Roman Memory in the Age of Justinian DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Marion Woodrow Kruse, III Graduate Program in Greek and Latin The Ohio State University 2015 Dissertation Committee: Anthony Kaldellis, Advisor; Benjamin Acosta-Hughes; Nathan Rosenstein Copyright by Marion Woodrow Kruse, III 2015 ABSTRACT This dissertation explores the use of Roman historical memory from the late fifth century through the middle of the sixth century AD. The collapse of Roman government in the western Roman empire in the late fifth century inspired a crisis of identity and political messaging in the eastern Roman empire of the same period. I argue that the Romans of the eastern empire, in particular those who lived in Constantinople and worked in or around the imperial administration, responded to the challenge posed by the loss of Rome by rewriting the history of the Roman empire. The new historical narratives that arose during this period were initially concerned with Roman identity and fixated on urban space (in particular the cities of Rome and Constantinople) and Roman mythistory. By the sixth century, however, the debate over Roman history had begun to infuse all levels of Roman political discourse and became a major component of the emperor Justinian’s imperial messaging and propaganda, especially in his Novels. The imperial history proposed by the Novels was aggressivley challenged by other writers of the period, creating a clear historical and political conflict over the role and import of Roman history as a model or justification for Roman politics in the sixth century.
  • St. Michael and Attis

    St. Michael and Attis

    St. Michael and Attis Cyril MANGO Δελτίον XAE 12 (1984), Περίοδος Δ'. Στην εκατονταετηρίδα της Χριστιανικής Αρχαιολογικής Εταιρείας (1884-1984)• Σελ. 39-62 ΑΘΗΝΑ 1986 ST. MICHAEL AND ATTIS Twenty years ago, when I was working on the apse mosaics of St. Sophia at Constantinople, I had ample opportunity to contemplate what is surely one of the most beautiful works of Byzantine art, I mean the image of the archangel Gabriel, who stands next to the enthroned Theotokos (Fig. 1). Gabriel is dressed in court costume; indeed, one can affirm that his costume is imperial, since he is wearing red buskins and holding a globe, the symbol of universal dominion. Yet neither the Bible nor orthodox doctrine as defined by the Fathers provides any justification for portraying an archangel in this guise; no matter how great was his dignity in heaven, he remained a minister and a messenger1. Only God could be described as the equivalent of the emperor. How was it then that Byzantine art, which showed extreme reluctance to give to Christ, the pambasileus, any visible attributes of royalty other than the throne, granted these very attributes to archangels, who had no claim to them? An enquiry I undertook at the time (and left unpublished) suggested the following conclusions: 1. The Byzantines themselves, I mean the medieval Byzantines, could offer no reasonable explanation of the iconography of archangels and seemed to be unaware of its meaning. On the subject of the globe I found only two texts. One was an unedited opuscule by Michael Psellos, who, quite absurdly, considered it to denote the angels' rapidity of movement; "for", he says, "the sphere is such an object that, touching as it does only a tiny portion of the ground, is able in less than an instant to travel in any direction"2.
  • Seven Churches of Revelation Turkey

    Seven Churches of Revelation Turkey

    TRAVEL GUIDE SEVEN CHURCHES OF REVELATION TURKEY TURKEY Pergamum Lesbos Thyatira Sardis Izmir Chios Smyrna Philadelphia Samos Ephesus Laodicea Aegean Sea Patmos ASIA Kos 1 Rhodes ARCHEOLOGICAL MAP OF WESTERN TURKEY BULGARIA Sinanköy Manya Mt. NORTH EDİRNE KIRKLARELİ Selimiye Fatih Iron Foundry Mosque UNESCO B L A C K S E A MACEDONIA Yeni Saray Kırklareli Höyük İSTANBUL Herakleia Skotoussa (Byzantium) Krenides Linos (Constantinople) Sirra Philippi Beikos Palatianon Berge Karaevlialtı Menekşe Çatağı Prusias Tauriana Filippoi THRACE Bathonea Küçükyalı Ad hypium Morylos Dikaia Heraion teikhos Achaeology Edessa Neapolis park KOCAELİ Tragilos Antisara Abdera Perinthos Basilica UNESCO Maroneia TEKİRDAĞ (İZMİT) DÜZCE Europos Kavala Doriskos Nicomedia Pella Amphipolis Stryme Işıklar Mt. ALBANIA Allante Lete Bormiskos Thessalonica Argilos THE SEA OF MARMARA SAKARYA MACEDONIANaoussa Apollonia Thassos Ainos (ADAPAZARI) UNESCO Thermes Aegae YALOVA Ceramic Furnaces Selectum Chalastra Strepsa Berea Iznik Lake Nicea Methone Cyzicus Vergina Petralona Samothrace Parion Roman theater Acanthos Zeytinli Ada Apamela Aisa Ouranopolis Hisardere Dasaki Elimia Pydna Barçın Höyük BTHYNIA Galepsos Yenibademli Höyük BURSA UNESCO Antigonia Thyssus Apollonia (Prusa) ÇANAKKALE Manyas Zeytinlik Höyük Arisbe Lake Ulubat Phylace Dion Akrothooi Lake Sane Parthenopolis GÖKCEADA Aktopraklık O.Gazi Külliyesi BİLECİK Asprokampos Kremaste Daskyleion UNESCO Höyük Pythion Neopolis Astyra Sundiken Mts. Herakleum Paşalar Sarhöyük Mount Athos Achmilleion Troy Pessinus Potamia Mt.Olympos
  • 2 Imxpd 2Mxpd IIS

    2 Imxpd 2Mxpd IIS

    NO. I JAWS OF MANDIBULATE ARTHROPODS SNODGRASS 41 2Mx 2 IMxpd 2Mxpd IIS FIG. II.—Crustacea—Decapoda: Anomura A, Aegla prado Schmitt, ventral skeleton of anterior body region, with mandibles in place, exposed by removal of ventral folds of carapace. B, Galathea calijorniensis Benedict, ventral surface of protocephalon and skeleton of gnathal region, ventral folds of carapace cut off at s. Note in each species mandibles articulated at a on mesal ends of narrow maxillary pleural bridges {mxB). 42 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. Il6 FIG. 12.—Crustacea—Decapoda: Anomura. A, Petrolisthes criomerus Stimpson, epistomal region and mandibles, dorsal (interior) view, showing mandibles articulated at a on remnants of maxillary bridges (mxb). B, same, right mandible, ventral. C, Galathea calif orniensis Benedict, muscles of mandibular apodeme arising on carapace. D, same, right mandible, dorsal. E, Pagunts pollicaris Say, left mandible in position of adduc­ tion, ventral. F, same, same mandible in position of abduction. G, same, distal part of left mandible, showing articulation on epistome. H, Galathea calif orni­ ensis Benedict, right mandible and its skeletal supports, ventral. ••MMM NO. I JAWS OF MANDIBULATE ARTHROPODS—-SNODGEASS 43 of the mouth folds (fig. i6 E, t), each of which at its distal end divides into a mesal branch that goes into the paragnath (Pgn), and a lateral branch that supports the mandible by means of a small inter­ vening sclerite (E, H, e). The connection on the mandible is with a process behind the base of the gnathal lobe (figs. 12 D; 15 C, D, F, G; 16 A, B, G, H, d), a feature characteristic of anomuran and brachyuran mandibles; in most cases the metastomal arm makes a direct contact with the mandibular process.
  • Ce Document Fait Partie Des Collections Numériques Des Archives Paul Perdrizet, Le Projet De Recherche Et De Valorisation Des A

    Ce Document Fait Partie Des Collections Numériques Des Archives Paul Perdrizet, Le Projet De Recherche Et De Valorisation Des A

    G. F. Hill « Apollo and St. Michael : some analogies » Journal of Hellenic Studies, 1916, Vol. XXXVI, p. 134-162. Ce document fait partie des collections numériques des Archives Paul Perdrizet, le projet de recherche et de valorisation des archives scientifiques de ce savant conservées à l’Université de Lorraine. Il est diffusé sous la licence libre « Licence Ouverte / Open Licence ». http://perdrizet.hiscant.univ-lorraine.fr J_\POLLO AND ST. 1VIICHAEL: . SOME ANALOGIES BY G. F. HILL REPRINTED :fROM THE JOURNAL OF HELLENIÇ STUDIES, VOL. XXXYI 1916 . APOLLO AND S'l'. MICHAEL: SOME AN ALOGIES. L-'l'HE FouNDATION LEGEND ·oF THE SHRINE OF APOLLO SMINTHEus. ON the coins of Alexandria Troas of Roman date we find certain types, which are evidently related to the story of the foundation of th e Smintheion; as well as another which may refer to the foundation of the city itself. They have been discussed at length by W roth.1 The most remarkable (Fig. 1, c~) shows on t he left a grotto, surmounted by a cultus-statue of a b d J FIG. l.- ÜOINS OF A LEXANDRIA T ROAS. Apollo Srnin ~heus; within t he grotto is another statue, precisely similar, but lying on the ground. Before the grotto stands a herdsman, holding a pedum in his left hand, and raising his right in a gesture which, as Wroth says, may be interpreted as expressing eit her adoration or surprise. ' On the right, a bull is seen running away, as if terror-stricken, with its head turned back 1 B.M-0.
  • Numismatic and Metrological Parallels for the Iconography of Early Byzantine Marriage Jewelry

    Numismatic and Metrological Parallels for the Iconography of Early Byzantine Marriage Jewelry

    Bryn Mawr College Scholarship, Research, and Creative Work at Bryn Mawr College History of Art Faculty Research and Scholarship History of Art 2010 Numismatic and Metrological Parallels for the Iconography of Early Byzantine Marriage Jewelry. The Question of the Crowned Bride Alicia Walker Bryn Mawr College, [email protected] Let us know how access to this document benefits ouy . Follow this and additional works at: http://repository.brynmawr.edu/hart_pubs Custom Citation Alicia Walker, "Numismatic and Metrological Parallels for the Iconography of Early Byzantine Marriage Jewelry. The Question of the Crowned Bride," Travaux et Mémoires 16 (2010): 1-14. This paper is posted at Scholarship, Research, and Creative Work at Bryn Mawr College. http://repository.brynmawr.edu/hart_pubs/58 For more information, please contact [email protected]. COLLEGE DE FRANCE - CNRS CENTRE DE RECHERCHE D'HISTOIRE ET CIVILISATION DE BYZANCE ORIENT ET MEDITERRANEE (UMR 8167) - BYZANCE COLLEGE DE FRANCE - INSTITUT D'ETUDES BYZANTINES TRAVAUXET MEMOlRES TRAVAUX ET MEMOlRES Fondes par Paul LEMERLE Continues par Gilbert DAGRON 16 Comite de redaction : Jean-Claude CHEYNET, Vincent DEROCHE, Denis FEISSEL, Bernard FLUSIN, Constantin ZUCKERMAN MELANGES Secretariat de redaction, relecture et composition: Emmanuelle CAPET Avec Ie concours de Delphine LAURITZEN CECILE MORRISSON Ouvrage pub/ie avec fe concours de fa fondation Ebersoft du College de France et de l'universite Paris-Sorbonne ©Association des Amis du Centre d'Histoire et Civilisation de Byzance - 2010 Association des Amis du Centre d'Histoire et Civilisation de Byzance ISBN 978-2-916716-28-2 52, rue du Cardinal-Lemoine - 75005 Paris ISSN 0577-1471 2010 NUMISMATIC AND METROLOGICAL PARALLELS FOR THE ICONOGRAPHY OF EARLY BnANTINE MARRIAGE JEWELRY THE QUESTION OF THE CROWNED BRIDE' by Alicia WALKER Within the material culture ofearly Byzantium, a corpus ofjewelry-including rings, pendants, and belts-depicts marriage iconography, which usually consists ofa man and woman flanking a cross or figure ofChrist.
  • Marathon 2,500 Years Edited by Christopher Carey & Michael Edwards

    Marathon 2,500 Years Edited by Christopher Carey & Michael Edwards

    MARATHON 2,500 YEARS EDITED BY CHRISTOPHER CAREY & MICHAEL EDWARDS INSTITUTE OF CLASSICAL STUDIES SCHOOL OF ADVANCED STUDY UNIVERSITY OF LONDON MARATHON – 2,500 YEARS BULLETIN OF THE INSTITUTE OF CLASSICAL STUDIES SUPPLEMENT 124 DIRECTOR & GENERAL EDITOR: JOHN NORTH DIRECTOR OF PUBLICATIONS: RICHARD SIMPSON MARATHON – 2,500 YEARS PROCEEDINGS OF THE MARATHON CONFERENCE 2010 EDITED BY CHRISTOPHER CAREY & MICHAEL EDWARDS INSTITUTE OF CLASSICAL STUDIES SCHOOL OF ADVANCED STUDY UNIVERSITY OF LONDON 2013 The cover image shows Persian warriors at Ishtar Gate, from before the fourth century BC. Pergamon Museum/Vorderasiatisches Museum, Berlin. Photo Mohammed Shamma (2003). Used under CC‐BY terms. All rights reserved. This PDF edition published in 2019 First published in print in 2013 This book is published under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial- NoDerivatives (CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0) license. More information regarding CC licenses is available at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/ Available to download free at http://www.humanities-digital-library.org ISBN: 978-1-905670-81-9 (2019 PDF edition) DOI: 10.14296/1019.9781905670819 ISBN: 978-1-905670-52-9 (2013 paperback edition) ©2013 Institute of Classical Studies, University of London The right of contributors to be identified as the authors of the work published here has been asserted by them in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. Designed and typeset at the Institute of Classical Studies TABLE OF CONTENTS Introductory note 1 P. J. Rhodes The battle of Marathon and modern scholarship 3 Christopher Pelling Herodotus’ Marathon 23 Peter Krentz Marathon and the development of the exclusive hoplite phalanx 35 Andrej Petrovic The battle of Marathon in pre-Herodotean sources: on Marathon verse-inscriptions (IG I3 503/504; Seg Lvi 430) 45 V.
  • Archaeology and History of Lydia from the Early Lydian Period to Late Antiquity (8Th Century B.C.-6Th Century A.D.)

    Archaeology and History of Lydia from the Early Lydian Period to Late Antiquity (8Th Century B.C.-6Th Century A.D.)

    Dokuz Eylül University – DEU The Research Center for the Archaeology of Western Anatolia – EKVAM Colloquia Anatolica et Aegaea Congressus internationales Smyrnenses IX Archaeology and history of Lydia from the early Lydian period to late antiquity (8th century B.C.-6th century A.D.). An international symposium May 17-18, 2017 / Izmir, Turkey ABSTRACTS Edited by Ergün Laflı Gülseren Kan Şahin Last Update: 21/04/2017. Izmir, May 2017 Websites: https://independent.academia.edu/TheLydiaSymposium https://www.researchgate.net/profile/The_Lydia_Symposium 1 This symposium has been dedicated to Roberto Gusmani (1935-2009) and Peter Herrmann (1927-2002) due to their pioneering works on the archaeology and history of ancient Lydia. Fig. 1: Map of Lydia and neighbouring areas in western Asia Minor (S. Patacı, 2017). 2 Table of contents Ergün Laflı, An introduction to Lydian studies: Editorial remarks to the abstract booklet of the Lydia Symposium....................................................................................................................................................8-9. Nihal Akıllı, Protohistorical excavations at Hastane Höyük in Akhisar………………………………10. Sedat Akkurnaz, New examples of Archaic architectural terracottas from Lydia………………………..11. Gülseren Alkış Yazıcı, Some remarks on the ancient religions of Lydia……………………………….12. Elif Alten, Revolt of Achaeus against Antiochus III the Great and the siege of Sardis, based on classical textual, epigraphic and numismatic evidence………………………………………………………………....13. Gaetano Arena, Heleis: A chief doctor in Roman Lydia…….……………………………………....14. Ilias N. Arnaoutoglou, Κοινὸν, συμβίωσις: Associations in Hellenistic and Roman Lydia……….……..15. Eirini Artemi, The role of Ephesus in the late antiquity from the period of Diocletian to A.D. 449, the “Robber Synod”.……………………………………………………………………….………...16. Natalia S. Astashova, Anatolian pottery from Panticapaeum…………………………………….17-18. Ayşegül Aykurt, Minoan presence in western Anatolia……………………………………………...19.
  • The Developmentof Early Imperial Dress from the Tetrachs to The

    The Developmentof Early Imperial Dress from the Tetrachs to The

    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by University of Birmingham Research Archive, E-theses Repository University of Birmingham Research Archive e-theses repository This unpublished thesis/dissertation is copyright of the author and/or third parties. The intellectual property rights of the author or third parties in respect of this work are as defined by The Copyright Designs and Patents Act 1988 or as modified by any successor legislation. Any use made of information contained in this thesis/dissertation must be in accordance with that legislation and must be properly acknowledged. Further distribution or reproduction in any format is prohibited without the permission of the copyright holder. The Development of Early Imperial Dress from the Tetrarchs to the Herakleian Dynasty General Introduction The emperor, as head of state, was the most important and powerful individual in the land; his official portraits and to a lesser extent those of the empress were depicted throughout the realm. His image occurred most frequently on small items issued by government officials such as coins, market weights, seals, imperial standards, medallions displayed beside new consuls, and even on the inkwells of public officials. As a sign of their loyalty, his portrait sometimes appeared on the patches sown on his supporters’ garments, embossed on their shields and armour or even embellishing their jewelry. Among more expensive forms of art, the emperor’s portrait appeared in illuminated manuscripts, mosaics, and wall paintings such as murals and donor portraits. Several types of statues bore his likeness, including those worshiped as part of the imperial cult, examples erected by public 1 officials, and individual or family groupings placed in buildings, gardens and even harbours at the emperor’s personal expense.
  • Arkeolojik Verilere Göre Doğu Trakya Kuzey Yolu*

    Arkeolojik Verilere Göre Doğu Trakya Kuzey Yolu*

    Arkeolojik Verilere Göre Doğu Trakya Kuzey Yolu* Ergün Karaca** Öz Küçük Asya ile Avrupa arasında geçiş noktası konumundaki Doğu Trakya, her iki kıtadan gelen yolların geçiş ve birleşme yeri olmuştur. Kuzey Yolu, bölgeden geçen Via Egnatia ve Via Militaris ile birlikte üç ana yoldan biridir. Pontos Euksenos (Kara- deniz)’in batısı veya kuzeyine ya da tam tersi buradan Küçük Asya’ya doğru yapılan seferlerde MÖ 6. yüzyıldan MS 19. yüzyıla kadar tüm kara orduların kullandığı gü- zergâh olmuştur. Buna karşın Kuzey Yolu’nun güzergâhı üzerindeki arkeolojik veriler diğer yollar kadar değerlendirilmemiştir. Bu makalede arazi çalışması sırasında tespit edilen ve incelenen başta Kurtdere Köprüsü olmak üzere köprü, yol kalıntısı ve mil taşı kullanılarak Kuzey Yolu’nun Doğu Trakya Bölgesi içindeki güzergâhı tespit edilmeye çalışılmıştır. Ayrıca Kuzey Yolu’nun güneyindeki Via Militaris ile kuzeyindeki Salmy- dessos kenti ile bağlantı sağlayan yollar arkeolojik verilere göre değerlendirilmiştir. Anahtar Kelimeler: Antik Çağ’da Ulaşım, Mil taşı, Tabula Peutingeriana, Köprü. * Bu çalışma Trakya Üniversitesi, Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri Birimi (TÜBAP) tarafından TÜBAP -2018/119 numaralı proje kapsamında desteklenmiştir. Makalede kullanılan harita ve fotoğraflar aksi belirtilmediği sürece tarafıma aittir. Ayrıca metinde kullanılan bilgiler, tarafımca 2014 yılında Kültür ve Turizm Bakanlığı’nın izni ve Kırklareli Müzesi’nin denetiminde gerçekleştirilen yüzey araştırmasının verileridir. ** Dr., Trakya Üniversitesi, Edebiyat Fakültesi, Arkeoloji Bölümü, Edirne/TÜRKİYE, [email protected] ORCID: 0000-0002-0270-3258 Makale Gönderim Tarihi: 02.05.2018 - Makale Kabul Tarihi: 09.01.2020 30 Ergün Karaca The North Road of Eastern Thrace according to Archeological Data Abstract East Thrace, which is the transition point between Asia Minor and Europe, has become the transit and the junction point of roads from both continents.
  • A New Cavernicolous Species of the Pseudoscorpion Genus Roncus L

    A New Cavernicolous Species of the Pseudoscorpion Genus Roncus L

    Int. J. Speleol. 5 (1973), pp. 127-134. A New Cavernicolous Species of the Pseudoscorpion Genus Roncus L. Koch, 1873 (Neobisiidae, Pseudoscorpiones) from the Balkan Peninsula by Bozidar P.M. CURtlC * The range of the pseudoscorpion subgenus Parablothrlls Beier 1928 (from the genus Roncus L. Koch 1873) extends over the northern Mediterranean, covering a vast zone from Catalonia on the west as far as Thrace on the east. The northern limit of distribution of these false scorpions is situated within the Dolomites and the Alps of Carinthia; the most southern locations of the subgenus were registered on the island of Crete. Eight species of Parablothrus are known to inhabit the Balkan Peninsula which represents an impo;:tant distribution centre of the subgenus (Beier 1963, Helversen 1969); of them, six were found in the Dinaric Karst. The caves of Carniola are thus populated by R. (F:) stussineri (Simon) 1881, and R. (P) anophthalmus (Ellingsen) 1910, R. (P.) cavernicola Beier 1928 and R. (P) vulcanius Beier 1939 are known from Herzegovina. The last species was also collected on some Dalmatian islands. Both Adriatic and Ionian islands are inhabited by two other members of Parablo- thrus, namely R. (P.) insularis Beier 1939 (which was found on the isle of Brae) and R. (P) corcyraeus Beier 1963, the latter living on Corfu. Except for the Dinaric elements of Parablothrus, the Balkan representatives of the subgenus have not been sufficiently studied. In spite of this, one may assume that the differentiation of cave living species of Roncus took place both east and north of the peninsula.
  • The Hagia Sophia in Its Urban Context: an Interpretation of the Transformations of an Architectural Monument with Its Changing Physical and Cultural Environment

    The Hagia Sophia in Its Urban Context: an Interpretation of the Transformations of an Architectural Monument with Its Changing Physical and Cultural Environment

    THE HAGIA SOPHIA IN ITS URBAN CONTEXT: AN INTERPRETATION OF THE TRANSFORMATIONS OF AN ARCHITECTURAL MONUMENT WITH ITS CHANGING PHYSICAL AND CULTURAL ENVIRONMENT A Thesis Submitted to the Graduate School of Engineering and Sciences of İzmir Institute of Technology in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE in Architecture by Nazlı TARAZ August 2014 İZMİR We approve the thesis of Nazlı TARAZ Examining Committee Members: ___________________________ Assist. Prof. Dr. Zeynep AKTÜRE Department of Architecture, İzmir Institute of Technology _____________________________ Assist. Prof. Dr. Ela ÇİL SAPSAĞLAM Department of Architecture, İzmir Institute of Technology ___________________________ Dr. Çiğdem ALAS 25 August 2014 ___________________________ Assist. Prof. Dr. Zeynep AKTÜRE Supervisor, Department of Architecture, İzmir Institute of Technology ____ ___________________________ ______________________________ Assoc. Prof. Dr. Şeniz ÇIKIŞ Prof. Dr. R. Tuğrul SENGER Head of the Department of Architecture Dean of the Graduate School of Engineering and Sciences ACKNOWLEDGMENTS First and foremost, I would like to thank my supervisor Assist.Prof.Dr.Zeynep AKTÜRE for her guidance, patience and sharing her knowledge during the entire study. This thesis could not be completed without her valuable and unique support. I would like to express my sincere thanks to my committee members Assist. Prof. Dr. Ela ÇİL SAPSAĞLAM, Dr. Çiğdem ALAS, Assoc. Prof. Dr. Erdem ERTEN and Assist. Prof. Dr. Zoltan SOMHEGYI for their invaluable comments and recommendations. I owe thanks to my sisters Yelin DEMİR, Merve KILIÇ, Nil Nadire GELİŞKAN and Banu Işıl IŞIK for not leaving me alone and encouraging me all the time. And I also thank to Seçkin YILDIRIMDEMİR who has unabled to sleep for days to help and motivate me in the hardest times of this study.